Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Correlation Between Tumor Differentiation and Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Early Diagnosis and Treatment

Mr Tufael
,
Auditi kar
,
Vijay Jagdish Upadhye
ORCID logo ,
Atiqur Rahman Sunny
* ORCID logo ,
Antonio Raposo
,
Md. Saidul Islam
,
Md Haroon Or Rashid
,
Mohammad Anowar Hussen
,
Heesup Han
ORCID logo ,
Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
,
Md. Sefaul Ullah
,
Md. Mizanur Rahman
Version 1 : Received: 9 January 2024 / Approved: 10 January 2024 / Online: 10 January 2024 (05:44:27 CET)

How to cite: Tufael, M.; kar, A.; Upadhye, V.J.; Sunny, A.R.; Raposo, A.; Islam, M.S.; Rashid, M.H.O.; Hussen, M.A.; Han, H.; Coutinho, H.D.M.; Ullah, M.S.; Rahman, M.M. Correlation Between Tumor Differentiation and Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Early Diagnosis and Treatment. Preprints 2024, 2024010758. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.0758.v1 Tufael, M.; kar, A.; Upadhye, V.J.; Sunny, A.R.; Raposo, A.; Islam, M.S.; Rashid, M.H.O.; Hussen, M.A.; Han, H.; Coutinho, H.D.M.; Ullah, M.S.; Rahman, M.M. Correlation Between Tumor Differentiation and Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Early Diagnosis and Treatment. Preprints 2024, 2024010758. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.0758.v1

Abstract

Aim: This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to examine whether there is a correlation between tumor differentiation and certain biomarkers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Poorly differentiated (n=443), moderately differentiated (n=379), and well-differentiated (n=272) tumors were separated from the research population, along with a control group (n=364). Biopsies were used to establish the presence of HCC, and biomarker levels were analyzed using chemiluminescence immunoassays in both infected and uninfected individuals. Results: The correlation between age and tumor size was shown to be statistically significant (p0.05) across all subgroups using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Patients with hepatitis C virus and non-A, non-B hepatitis had more advanced tumors than those with other types of poorly differentiated liver cancer. Similarly, individuals with HBsAg and moderate differentiation had bigger tumors, although there was no correlation between hepatitis C and non-A, non-B. Patients with HBsAg or hepatitis C had bigger tumors in the well-differentiated group, albeit the hepatitis C connection was not statistically significant. In addition, the study stressed that tumor size increases with age and that farmers were the most commonly diagnosed profession category. Conclusions: It is clear that early detection in infected populations is crucial for improving HCC outcomes and that chemiluminescence immunoassay has the potential to be a helpful platform for biomarker research. However, the study is limited by its small sample size and its emphasis on only three tumor markers, indicating that more biomarker research is required to improve the accuracy of HCC diagnosis and prognosis.

Keywords

Hepatocellular carcinoma; Tumor markers; Chemiluminescence assay; Occupational exposure; Early diagnosis

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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