Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Glutathionyl Hemoglobin and Its Emerging Role as a Clinical Biomarker of Chronic Oxidative Stress

Andrea Scirè
* ,
Giulia Casari
ORCID logo ,
Brenda Romaldi
,
Lidia De Bari
ORCID logo ,
Cinzia Antognelli
ORCID logo ,
Tatiana Armeni
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 20 October 2023 / Approved: 20 October 2023 / Online: 23 October 2023 (12:00:12 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Scirè, A.; Casari, G.; Romaldi, B.; de Bari, L.; Antognelli, C.; Armeni, T. Glutathionyl Hemoglobin and Its Emerging Role as a Clinical Biomarker of Chronic Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1976. Scirè, A.; Casari, G.; Romaldi, B.; de Bari, L.; Antognelli, C.; Armeni, T. Glutathionyl Hemoglobin and Its Emerging Role as a Clinical Biomarker of Chronic Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1976.

Abstract

Hemoglobin is one of the proteins that are more susceptible to S-glutathionylation and the levels of its modified form, glutathionyl hemoglobin, increase in several human pathological conditions. The scope of the present review is to provide knowledge about how hemoglobin is subjected to be S-glutathionylated and how this modification affects its functionality. The different diseases that showed increased levels of glutathionyl hemoglobin and the methods used for its quantification in clinical investigations will be also outlined. Since there is a growing need for precise and reliable methods of markers of oxidative stress in human blood, this review highlights how glutathionyl hemoglobin is more and more emerging as a good indicator of severe oxidative stress but also as a key pathogenic factor in several diseases.

Keywords

glutathione; glutathionyl hemoglobin; PTMs; S-glutathionylation; glutathionylated hemoglobin; oxidative stress; clinical marker.

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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