Version 1
: Received: 16 October 2023 / Approved: 17 October 2023 / Online: 18 October 2023 (03:04:54 CEST)
How to cite:
Mustafa, M.; Mohammed, A. Nanobodies as Spray and Aerosol Particles: A Breakthrough in Treating Respiratory Viral Infections. Preprints2023, 2023101097. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1097.v1
Mustafa, M.; Mohammed, A. Nanobodies as Spray and Aerosol Particles: A Breakthrough in Treating Respiratory Viral Infections. Preprints 2023, 2023101097. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1097.v1
Mustafa, M.; Mohammed, A. Nanobodies as Spray and Aerosol Particles: A Breakthrough in Treating Respiratory Viral Infections. Preprints2023, 2023101097. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1097.v1
APA Style
Mustafa, M., & Mohammed, A. (2023). Nanobodies as Spray and Aerosol Particles: A Breakthrough in Treating Respiratory Viral Infections. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1097.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Mustafa, M. and Ahmed Mohammed. 2023 "Nanobodies as Spray and Aerosol Particles: A Breakthrough in Treating Respiratory Viral Infections" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1097.v1
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and, more recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, continue to pose significant global health threats. Conventional treatments for these infections often face challenges such as limited efficacy, the emergence of drug-resistant strains, and the requirement for frequent administration. In recent years, nanobodies have emerged as a promising class of therapeutic agents due to their unique properties, including small size, high stability, and specific binding capabilities. This mini-review article focuses on the application of nanobodies as spray and aerosol particles for the treatment of respiratory viral infections. Furthermore, we highlight the remarkable efficacy of nanobodies in preclinical and clinical studies against respiratory viruses, including their ability to neutralize viral particles, inhibit viral replication, and modulate the host immune response. We discuss the potential advantages of using nanobodies as inhalable formulations, including their improved delivery to the respiratory tract, enhanced stability in aerosol form, and reduced systemic side effects. Additionally, we explore the various strategies employed to engineer nanobodies for optimal aerosol delivery, such as conjugation to carrier particles or formulation as dry powders. We also examine the potential challenges and limitations associated with the development of nanobody-based aerosol therapies, including production scalability, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory considerations.
Keywords
Nanobodies; respiratory viral infections; spray and aerosol particles; targeted delivery.
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
