Lazaroiu, A.C.; Gmal Osman, M.; Strejoiu, C.-V.; Lazaroiu, G. A Comprehensive Overview of Photovoltaic Technologies and Their Efficiency for Climate Neutrality. Sustainability2023, 15, 16297.
Lazaroiu, A.C.; Gmal Osman, M.; Strejoiu, C.-V.; Lazaroiu, G. A Comprehensive Overview of Photovoltaic Technologies and Their Efficiency for Climate Neutrality. Sustainability 2023, 15, 16297.
Lazaroiu, A.C.; Gmal Osman, M.; Strejoiu, C.-V.; Lazaroiu, G. A Comprehensive Overview of Photovoltaic Technologies and Their Efficiency for Climate Neutrality. Sustainability2023, 15, 16297.
Lazaroiu, A.C.; Gmal Osman, M.; Strejoiu, C.-V.; Lazaroiu, G. A Comprehensive Overview of Photovoltaic Technologies and Their Efficiency for Climate Neutrality. Sustainability 2023, 15, 16297.
Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is a cornerstone of the global effort to transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy systems. This paper explores the pivotal role of PV technology in re-ducing greenhouse gas emissions and combatting the pressing issue of climate change. At the heart of its efficacy lies the efficiency of PV materials, which dictates the extent to which sunlight is transformed into electricity. Over the last decade, substantial advancements in PV efficiency have propelled the widespread adoption of solar PV technology on a global scale. The efficiency of PV materials is a critical factor, determining how effectively sunlight is transformed into electricity. Enhanced efficiency, achieved through a decade of progress, has driven the global expansion of solar PV. Multi-junction photovoltaic materials have now exceeded 40% efficiency in lab tests. China leads the world in solar PV installations, boasting over 253 GW of installed capacity by the end of 2021. Other prominent countries in this sector are the United States, Japan, Germany, and India. Supportive policies like feed-in tariffs, net metering, tax incentives, and cost reductions in PV modules have made solar PV increasingly competitive against fossil fuel-based power generation. Solar PV technology holds immense potential for creating a cleaner, reliable, scalable, and cost-effective electricity system. To expedite its deployment and foster a more sustainable energy future, continued investment in research and development, along with supportive policies and market mechanisms, is essential. This paper underscores the pivotal role of solar PV technology in the global energy transition and advocates for a concerted effort to unlock its full potential in achieving a more sustainable and resilient energy future.
Keywords
Renewable energy; Greenhouse gas emissions; sustainable energy system; clean energy; sustainability
Subject
Engineering, Energy and Fuel Technology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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