Long Term Assessment of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunogenicity after mRNA Vaccine in PLWH

Vergori, A.; Cozzi-Lepri, A.; Matusali, G.; Cicalini, S.; Bordoni, V.; Meschi, S.; Mazzotta, V.; Colavita, F.; Fusto, M.; Cimini, E.; Notari, S.; D’Aquila, V.; Lanini, S.; Lapa, D.; Gagliardini, R.; Mariotti, D.; Giannico, G.; Girardi, E.; Vaia, F.; Agrati, C.; Maggi, F.; Antinori, A. Long Term Assessment of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunogenicity after mRNA Vaccine in Persons Living with HIV. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1739. Vergori, A.; Cozzi-Lepri, A.; Matusali, G.; Cicalini, S.; Bordoni, V.; Meschi, S.; Mazzotta, V.; Colavita, F.; Fusto, M.; Cimini, E.; Notari, S.; D’Aquila, V.; Lanini, S.; Lapa, D.; Gagliardini, R.; Mariotti, D.; Giannico, G.; Girardi, E.; Vaia, F.; Agrati, C.; Maggi, F.; Antinori, A. Long Term Assessment of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunogenicity after mRNA Vaccine in Persons Living with HIV. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1739.

Abstract

Background. Waning of neutralizing and cell-mediated immune response after the primary vac-cine cycle (PVC) and the first booster dose (BD) is of concern, especially for PLWH with a CD4 count ≤200 cells/ mm3.Methods.Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) titers by microneutralization assay against WD614G /Omicron BA.1 and IFNγ production by ELISA assay were measured in samples of PLWH at 4 time points [2 and 4 months post-PVC (T1 and T2), 2 weeks and 5 months after the BD (T3 and T4)]. Participants were stratified by CD4 count after PVC (LCD4, <200/mm3; ICD4, 201-500/mm3 and HCD4, >500/mm3). Mixed models were used to compare mean responses over T1-T4 across CD4 groups. Results. 314 PLWH on ART (LCD4=56; ICD4=120; HCD4=138) were enrolled. At T2, levels of nAbs were significantly lower in LCD4 vs ICD4/HCD4 (p=0.04). BD was crucial for increasing nAbs titres above 1:40 at T3 and up to T4 for WD614G. A positive T cell response after PVC was observed in all groups, regardless of CD4 (p=0.31). Conclusions. Waning of nAbs after PVC was more important in LCD4 group. BD managed to re-establish higher levels of nAbs against WD614G which were retained for 5 months. The level of T-cellular response was significantly higher in HCD4 and ICD4 compared to the LCD4 group although it remained above detectable levels over the entire study period regardless of CD4 count. Keywords: HIV-1 infection; SARS-CoV-2 infection;

Keywords

HIV-1 infection; SARS-CoV-2 infection; Neutralizing antibodies; mRNA Vaccines; T-cell immunity; Immunity waning

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Other

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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