Tseng, S.; Lee, M.-E.; Lin, P.-C. A Review of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Diagnosis and Novel Treatment. Pharmaceuticals2023, 16, 1614.
Tseng, S.; Lee, M.-E.; Lin, P.-C. A Review of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Diagnosis and Novel Treatment. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 1614.
Tseng, S.; Lee, M.-E.; Lin, P.-C. A Review of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Diagnosis and Novel Treatment. Pharmaceuticals2023, 16, 1614.
Tseng, S.; Lee, M.-E.; Lin, P.-C. A Review of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Diagnosis and Novel Treatment. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 1614.
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the second common hematologic malignancy in children. The incidence of childhood AML is much lower than acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which makes the childhood AML a rare disease in children. The role of genetic abnormalities in AML classification, management and prognosis prediction is much more important than before. The WHO classification of myeloid neoplasms and the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) classification were both revised in 2022. The application of the new information in childhood AML will be upcoming in the next few years. The frequency of each genetic abnormality in adult and childhood AML is different, therefore, in this review we emphasize in well-known genetic subtypes in childhood AML, including Core-binding factor AML (CBF AML), KMT2Ar (KMT2A/11q23 rearrangement) AML, normal karyotypes AML with somatic mutations, unbalanced cytogenetic abnormalities AML, NUP98 11p15/NUP09 rearrangement AML and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Current risk group classification, management algorithm in childhood AML and novel treatment modalities, such as targeted therapy, immune therapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy are reviewed. Finally, the indications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in AML are discussed.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
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