Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Hybrid immunity after a natural infection and vaccination with Sinopharm [Vero Cell] - Inactivated COVID-19

Marija Vukčević
ORCID logo ,
Katarina Šerović
,
Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
ORCID logo ,
Aleksandra Vujović
,
Duško Blagojević
ORCID logo ,
Tanja Jovanović
* ORCID logo ,
Dragana Despot
Version 1 : Received: 4 July 2023 / Approved: 5 July 2023 / Online: 5 July 2023 (12:31:08 CEST)

How to cite: Vukčević, M.; Šerović, K.; Nikolić-Kokić, A.; Vujović, A.; Blagojević, D.; Jovanović, T.; Despot, D. Hybrid immunity after a natural infection and vaccination with Sinopharm [Vero Cell] - Inactivated COVID-19. Preprints 2023, 2023070313. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0313.v1 Vukčević, M.; Šerović, K.; Nikolić-Kokić, A.; Vujović, A.; Blagojević, D.; Jovanović, T.; Despot, D. Hybrid immunity after a natural infection and vaccination with Sinopharm [Vero Cell] - Inactivated COVID-19. Preprints 2023, 2023070313. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0313.v1

Abstract

Several vaccines against COVID -19 have been developed and licenced to enhance the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Similarly, infection with SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination has been shown to provide significant protection against severe infection and hospitalisation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three doses of Sinopharm vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 infection on the specific immune response in 103 volunteers, measuring neutralizing antibodies, anti-S1 IgG, anti-RBD IgM, anti-N IgM, anti-N IgG antibodies and interferon γ. Our results showed that the presence of cardiovascular diseases increased the level of anti-N-IgG antibodies, while endocrinological diseases decreased the level of neutralizing antibodies and anti-N-IgG antibodies, suggesting that these diseases alter the effect of vaccine immunity. In addition, there was a significant decrease in anti-S1 IgG levels 6 months and in anti-N IgG levels 18 months post-infection, while neutralizing antibody and interferon γ levels were constant at 3, 6 and 18 months post-infection. Therefore, our results confirm the importance of hybrid immunity as the strongest and most durable compared to exclusively natural or vaccine-induced immunity. Significant positive correlations were found between humoral and cellular immunity markers: neutralizing antibodies, anti-S1 IgG, anti-N IgG and interferon γ, indicating a unique coordinated response specific to COVID-19.

Keywords

COVID-19; Sinopharm vaccine; neutralizing antibodies; anti-S1 IgG antibodies; anti-RBD IgM antibodies; anti-N IgM antibodies; anti-N IgG antibodies; interferon γ.

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Medicine and Pharmacology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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