Yang, R.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, W.; Zhu, C.; Chen, L.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Riaz, A.; Tang, B.; Zhang, X. Expression of Phospholipase D Family Member 6 in Bovine Testes and Its Molecular Characteristics. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 12172.
Yang, R.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, W.; Zhu, C.; Chen, L.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Riaz, A.; Tang, B.; Zhang, X. Expression of Phospholipase D Family Member 6 in Bovine Testes and Its Molecular Characteristics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12172.
Yang, R.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, W.; Zhu, C.; Chen, L.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Riaz, A.; Tang, B.; Zhang, X. Expression of Phospholipase D Family Member 6 in Bovine Testes and Its Molecular Characteristics. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 12172.
Yang, R.; Zhang, B.; Zhu, W.; Zhu, C.; Chen, L.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Riaz, A.; Tang, B.; Zhang, X. Expression of Phospholipase D Family Member 6 in Bovine Testes and Its Molecular Characteristics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12172.
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the only primitive spermatogonial cells in males that can naturally transmit genetic information to their offspring and replicate throughout their lives. Phospholipase D family member 6 (PLD6) has recently been found to be a surface marker for SSCs in mice and boars; however, it has not been validated in cattle. The results of RT-PCR and qRT-PCR found that the relative expression of PLD6 gene in the testicular tissues of 2-year-old Simmental calves was significantly higher than that of 6-month-old calves. Immunofluorescent staining further verified the expression of PLD6 protein in bovine spermatogenic cells like germ cell marker VASA. Based on multiple bioinformatic databases, PLD6 is a conservative protein which has high homology with mouse Q5SWZ9 protein. It is closely involved in the normal functioning of the reproductive system. Molecular dynamics simulation analyzed the binding of PLD6 as a phospholipase to cardiolipin (CL), and PLD6-CL complex showed high stability. The protein interaction network analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between PLD6 and piRNA binding protein. PLD6 acts as an endonuclease and participates in piRNA production. In addition, PLD6 in bovine and mouse testes has a similar expression pattern with the spermatogonium-related genes VASA and PIWIL2. In conclusion, these analyses imply that PLD6 has a relatively high expression in bovine testes and could be used as a biomarker for spermatogenic cells including SSCs.
Keywords
Bovine; Bioinformatics; Phospholipase D family member 6; Testes; Spermatogonial stem cells
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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