Version 1
: Received: 14 February 2023 / Approved: 16 February 2023 / Online: 16 February 2023 (04:52:59 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 18 September 2023 / Approved: 19 September 2023 / Online: 20 September 2023 (03:32:52 CEST)
How to cite:
Dong, S.X.M. Novel Data Analyses Explain the Seasonal Variation of Peptic Ulcers. Preprints2023, 2023020271. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0271.v2
Dong, S.X.M. Novel Data Analyses Explain the Seasonal Variation of Peptic Ulcers. Preprints 2023, 2023020271. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0271.v2
Dong, S.X.M. Novel Data Analyses Explain the Seasonal Variation of Peptic Ulcers. Preprints2023, 2023020271. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0271.v2
APA Style
Dong, S.X.M. (2023). Novel Data Analyses Explain the Seasonal Variation of Peptic Ulcers. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0271.v2
Chicago/Turabian Style
Dong, S.X.M. 2023 "Novel Data Analyses Explain the Seasonal Variation of Peptic Ulcers" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0271.v2
Abstract
Background: The seasonal variation of peptic ulcers is a rhythmic phenomenon reported worldwide, exhibiting diverse patterns and controversies. Unfortunately, it has remained an unresolved mystery for more than 90 years. Numerous studies have found that this phenomenon was closely associated with multiple environmental factors, but the underlying mechanism has never been elucidated. Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the seasonal variation of peptic ulcers and identify the role of environmental factors in the disease. Methods: Based on a recently identified etiology of peptic ulcers, two inverse operations in calculus, differentiation and integration, are iterated to analyze the existing data. First, the fluctuation curve in the seasonal variation is differentiated twice into the monthly incidences caused by multiple individual environmental factors, and the fluctuation curve due to each individual environmental factor is generated separately. Second, the monthly incidences caused by the individual environmental factors are integrated twice to reproduce the fluctuation curves in the seasonal variation of peptic ulcers. Results: The differentiations of the fluctuation curves in the season variation reveal a parallel relationship between the psychological impacts of each individual environmental factor and the monthly incidences of peptic ulcers. The integrations of the monthly incidences caused by 3 environmental factors reproduce the fluctuation curves in 3 representative seasonal patterns of peptic ulcers but make the parallel relationships invisible. Discussion: The parallel relationships revealed a causal role of environmental factors in peptic ulcers, whereas the reproduction of the fluctuation curves elucidated that multiple environmental factors cause the seasonal variation of peptic ulcers by Superposition Mechanism. The regional differences in environmental factors result in the diverse patterns, as well as the controversy questioning the seasonality of peptic ulcers. Significantly, the data analyses exemplify the application of a new concept, Superposition Mechanism, which might be an indispensable methodological complement to life science and medicine.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
20 September 2023
Commenter:
Simon Xin Min Dong
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
What I am submitting now is a significantly updated version. I added around 2000 words into the manuscript, modified almost all the sections, especially the mothods, results, and discussion sections. The etiology of the disease is more complete than version 1.
Commenter: Simon Xin Min Dong
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author