Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Menstrual Cycle Changes Joint Laxity in Females - Differences Between Eumenorrhea and Oligomenorrhea

Sae Maruyama
ORCID logo ,
Chie Sekine
,
Mayuu Shagawa
,
Hirotake Yokota
ORCID logo ,
Ryo Hirabayashi
ORCID logo ,
Ryoya Togashi
,
Yuki Yamada
,
Rena Hamano
,
Atsushi Ito
,
Daisuke Sato
ORCID logo ,
Mutsuaki Edama
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 18 April 2022 / Approved: 19 April 2022 / Online: 19 April 2022 (10:28:50 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Maruyama, S.; Sekine, C.; Shagawa, M.; Yokota, H.; Hirabayashi, R.; Togashi, R.; Yamada, Y.; Hamano, R.; Ito, A.; Sato, D.; Edama, M. Menstrual Cycle Changes Joint Laxity in Females—Differences between Eumenorrhea and Oligomenorrhea. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3222. Maruyama, S.; Sekine, C.; Shagawa, M.; Yokota, H.; Hirabayashi, R.; Togashi, R.; Yamada, Y.; Hamano, R.; Ito, A.; Sato, D.; Edama, M. Menstrual Cycle Changes Joint Laxity in Females—Differences between Eumenorrhea and Oligomenorrhea. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3222.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in anterior knee laxity (AKL), stiffness, general joint laxity (GJL), and genu recurvatum (GR) during the menstrual cycle in female non-athletes and female athletes with normal and irregular menstrual cycles. Participants were 19 female non-athletes (eumenorrhea, n=11; oligomenorrhea, n=8) and 15 female athletes (eumenorrhea, n=8; oligomenorrhea, n=7). AKL was measured as the amount of anterior tibial displacement at 67 N - 133 N. Stiffness was calculated as change in (Δ)force/Δ anterior displacement. The Beighton method was used to evaluate the GJL. The GR was measured as the maximum angle of passive knee joint extension. AKL, stiffness, GJL, and GR were measured twice in four phases during the menstrual cycle. Stiffness was significantly higher in oligomenorrhea groups than in eumenorrhea groups, although no significant differences between menstrual cycle phases were evident in female non-athletes. GR was significantly higher in the late follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases than in the early follicular phase, although no significant differences between groups were seen in female athletes. Estradiol may affect the stiffness of the periarticular muscles in the knee, suggesting that GR in female athletes may change during the menstrual cycle.

Keywords

anterior knee laxity; stiffness; general joint laxity; genu recurvatum

Subject

Physical Sciences, Biophysics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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