Version 1
: Received: 30 January 2019 / Approved: 2 February 2019 / Online: 2 February 2019 (08:29:11 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 22 August 2022 / Approved: 22 August 2022 / Online: 22 August 2022 (15:50:41 CEST)
How to cite:
Ishiguri, S. Analytical Calculations of Quark Confinement, Linear Interaction Potential, and Net Spin in a Proton Using a Quark Rotational Model. Preprints2019, 2019020021. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201902.0021.v2
Ishiguri, S. Analytical Calculations of Quark Confinement, Linear Interaction Potential, and Net Spin in a Proton Using a Quark Rotational Model. Preprints 2019, 2019020021. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201902.0021.v2
Ishiguri, S. Analytical Calculations of Quark Confinement, Linear Interaction Potential, and Net Spin in a Proton Using a Quark Rotational Model. Preprints2019, 2019020021. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201902.0021.v2
APA Style
Ishiguri, S. (2022). Analytical Calculations of Quark Confinement, Linear Interaction Potential, and Net Spin in a Proton Using a Quark Rotational Model. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201902.0021.v2
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ishiguri, S. 2022 "Analytical Calculations of Quark Confinement, Linear Interaction Potential, and Net Spin in a Proton Using a Quark Rotational Model" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201902.0021.v2
Abstract
In this study, we describe quark confinement in terms of linear interaction potentials and solve the problem of the net spin of a proton. The three quarks in a proton are assumed to revolve around a common center, and their masses are determined assuming they are Dirac particles. On the basis of these assumptions, the magnetic moment of a proton can be derived. Moreover, the rotation of the quarks is considered, in which an electrical current induces a magnetic field. Thus, the scalar product of the magnetic moment and field describes the linear interaction potential between the quarks, and the mass of the proton can be obtained. The proton mass predicted by this physical model is consistent with experimental values, and no numerical or fitting calculations are required. Furthermore, using the newly derived spins and angular momentum of the three quarks, we derived the net spin of a proton. Additionally, we predicted the mass of a pi-meson from the same model, which agrees with the experimental values.
Keywords
quark; linear interactive potential; mass of a proton; spin; quark confinement; pi-meson
Subject
Physical Sciences, Particle and Field Physics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
22 August 2022
Commenter:
S. Ishiguri
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
In the second version, mainly the derivation of the net spin of a proton was added and the logic describing the linear potentials was reinforced by adding further information. We emphasize that both the first and the second versions employ the same model (Fig. 1) consistently and thus the first version’s essence remains in the second version. Conclusively, the second version derives the mass of a proton, the mass of a pi-meson and the net spin of a proton, and all of them agree with the experiments without numerical calculations or fitting methods.For details, (1) In the first version, the mass of a proton was predicted, which well agrees with the experiments. Besides that, the second version calculated the net spin of a proton. See section 2.4 in the second version. (2) In the process of the above derivation (1), the mass and the spin of a quark were described. See section 2.2 in the second version. (3) Both the first and the second versions, the identical model is used (Fig. 1). Employing this model, the mass of a pi-meson between protons was also derived. See section 2.5 in the second version. Note that this section is the review section of our previous work [19], including Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. (4) In the Result section, Fig. 4 that describes the linear potential between protons (i.e., the pi-meson) was added, which agrees with the experiments. (5) The Discussion section was reinforced to emphasize the significances of the second version. (6) Based on the above items (1)-(4), the title, the Abstract and the Introduction have been revised. (7) Finally, a native English speaker who is a specialist of Particle Physics reviewed and corrected our paper.
Commenter: S. Ishiguri
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
(1) In the first version, the mass of a proton was predicted, which well agrees with the experiments. Besides that, the second version calculated the net spin of a proton. See section 2.4 in the second version.
(2) In the process of the above derivation (1), the mass and the spin of a quark were described. See section 2.2 in the second version.
(3) Both the first and the second versions, the identical model is used (Fig. 1). Employing this model, the mass of a pi-meson between protons was also derived. See section 2.5 in the second version. Note that this section is the review section of our previous work [19], including Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
(4) In the Result section, Fig. 4 that describes the linear potential between protons (i.e., the pi-meson) was added, which agrees with the experiments.
(5) The Discussion section was reinforced to emphasize the significances of the second version.
(6) Based on the above items (1)-(4), the title, the Abstract and the Introduction have been revised.
(7) Finally, a native English speaker who is a specialist of Particle Physics reviewed and corrected our paper.