Trejo, I.; Kojouharov, H.; Chen-Charpentier, B. Modeling the Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation Involved in the Bone Fracture Healing Process. Math. Comput. Appl.2019, 24, 12.
Trejo, I.; Kojouharov, H.; Chen-Charpentier, B. Modeling the Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation Involved in the Bone Fracture Healing Process. Math. Comput. Appl. 2019, 24, 12.
Trejo, I.; Kojouharov, H.; Chen-Charpentier, B. Modeling the Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation Involved in the Bone Fracture Healing Process. Math. Comput. Appl.2019, 24, 12.
Trejo, I.; Kojouharov, H.; Chen-Charpentier, B. Modeling the Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation Involved in the Bone Fracture Healing Process. Math. Comput. Appl. 2019, 24, 12.
Abstract
A new mathematical model is presented to study the effects of macrophages on the bone fracture healing process. The model consists of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that represents the interactions among classically and alternatively activated macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A qualitative analysis of the model is performed to determine the equilibria and their corresponding stability properties. Numerical simulations are also presented to support the theoretical results and to monitor the evolution of a broken bone for different types of fractures under various medical interventions. The model can be used to guide clinical experiments and to explore possible medical treatments that accelerate the bone fracture healing process either by surgical interventions or drug administrations.
Keywords
bone repair; macrophages; immune system; cytokines; mesenchymal stem cells
Subject
Computer Science and Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
