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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0226.v1

Transgender Women in The Female Category of Sport: Is the Male Performance Advantage Removed by Testosterone Suppression?

Emma N. Hilton, Tommy R. Lundberg

Subject: Social Sciences, Tourism, Leisure, Sport And Hospitality Keywords: androgens; athletic performance; cross-hormone therapy; gender dysphoria; muscle; sex hormones; sporting policies; strength; transgender men; transgender women

Online: 13 May 2020 (11:25:23 CEST)

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Sex dimorphism starts during early embryogenesis and is further manifested in response to hormones during puberty. As this leads to physical divergence that is measurably different between sexes, males enjoy physical performance advantages over females within competitive sport. While this advantage is the underlying basis of the segregation into male and female sporting categories, these sex-based categories do not account for transgender persons who experience incongruence between their biological sex and their experienced gender identity. Accordingly, the International Olympic Committee determined criteria by which a transgender woman may be eligible to compete in the female category, requiring total serum testosterone levels to be suppressed below 10 nmol/L for at least 12 months prior to and during competition. Whether this regulation removes the male performance advantage has not been collectively scrutinized. Here, we aim to review how differences in biological characteristics between biological males and females affect sporting performance and assess whether evidence exists to support the assumption that testosterone suppression in transgender women removes the male performance advantage. In this review, we report that the performance gap between males and females amounts to 10-50% depending on sport. The performance gap is more pronounced in sporting activities relying on muscle mass and strength, particularly in the upper body. Longitudinal studies examining the effects of testosterone suppression on muscle mass and strength in transgender women consistently show very modest changes, where the loss of lean body mass, muscle area and strength typically amounts to approximately 5% after 1 year of treatment. Thus, current evidence shows that the biological advantage enjoyed by transgender women is only minimally reduced when testosterone is suppressed. Sports organizations may therefore be compelled to reassess current policies regarding participation of transgender women in the female category of sport.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0013.v1

Challenges and Possibilities of Online Education during Covid-19

Alaul Alam

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: online education; corona crisis; challenges; possibilities

Online: 3 June 2020 (08:25:46 CEST)

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Preprint DATA DESCRIPTOR | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0191.v1

688,112 Statistical Results: Content Mining Psychology Articles for Statistical Test Results

Chris H. J. Hartgerink

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: nhst; p-values; apa; content mining; tdm; errors

Online: 23 August 2016 (10:33:53 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0021.v1

Safe Fieldwork Strategies for At-Risk Individuals

Amelia-Juliette Demery, Monique Pipkin

Subject: Social Sciences, Safety Research Keywords: diversity; inclusion; equity; fieldwork; research

Online: 2 August 2020 (11:55:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0599.v1

Crisis Self-Efficacy and Work Commitment of Education Workers among Public Schools during COVID-19 Pandemic

Erick Baloran, Jenny Hernan

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: crisis self-efficacy; work commitment; education workers; public schools; COVID-19 pandemic

Online: 24 July 2020 (14:47:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0199.v1

Schools Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Catastrophic Global Situation

Danilo Buonsenso, Damian Roland, Cristina De Rose, Pablo Vásquez-Hoyos, Bazlin Ramly, Jessica Nandipa Chakakala-Chaziya, Alasdair Munro, Sebastián González-Dambrauskas

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; children; schools; schools closures; global health

Online: 8 December 2020 (10:20:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0147.v1

A Guide to Setting Up and Managing a Lab at a Research-Intensive Institution

Bob Goldstein, Prachee Avasthi

Subject: Social Sciences, Other Keywords: career development, new faculty

Online: 7 December 2020 (12:24:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0725.v1

Effect of the Pandemic on Students’ Learning Habits in India

Pratiksha Bongale, Chahat Tandon, Arpita T M, Sanjana R R, Dr. Hemant Palivela, Dr. Nirmala C R

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: COVID-19, Students' learning habits, Pandemic

Online: 27 April 2021 (14:18:23 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0445.v1

International Tourism and COVID-19: Recovery Strategies for Tourism Organisations

Wadim Strielkowski

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: international tourism; coronavirus; COVID-19; post-viral tourism; recovery strategies

Online: 31 March 2020 (05:00:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0129.v1

Analyzing COVID-19 Challenges in Bangladesh

Jayasree Nath, Abdullah Fahim Chowdhury, Amit Kumar Nath

Subject: Social Sciences, Other Keywords: COVID-19; Pandemic; Impact; Bangladesh

Online: 7 July 2020 (16:26:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0153.v2

The Impact of Corona Pandemic on Consumer’s Food Consumption – Vulnerability of Households with Children and Income Losses

Adriano Profeta, Shahida Siddiqui, Sergiy Smetana, Mahdi Hossaini, Sophie Hieke, Ulrich Enneking, Volker Heinz, Christian Kircher

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: Covid-19; consumer behaviour; food

Online: 13 January 2021 (11:06:00 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0114.v1

The Critical Nexus and Implications of Smallholder Tobacco Production as a Livelihood Strategy to Forest Landscapes in Zimbabwe

Tariro Kamuti

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: tobacco; forest resources; deforestation; livelihoods; institutions; governance; landscape; land degradation; climate change

Online: 10 April 2018 (08:04:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0246.v2

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Life of Higher Education Students: A Global Perspective

Aleksander Aristovnik, Damijana Keržič, Dejan Ravšelj, Nina Tomaževič, Lan Umek

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: COVID-19; university student; socio-demographic factors, satisfaction; perception; online learning; mental health; habits; institutions; continents

Online: 19 August 2020 (08:20:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0336.v1

Analyzing Millennial Generation Awareness on Nationalism During Covid-19 Pandemic

Sab Fitri Nur Hayati, Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Subject: Social Sciences, Anthropology Keywords: Nationalism; The millennial generation; Covid-19

Online: 14 June 2021 (08:53:46 CEST)

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Background: In the current era of globalization, the Indonesian government's problem today is the weakening of nationalism and patriotism among the millennial generation. The large number of foreign cultures that have entered Indonesia has caused a sense of nationalism and patriotism. In addition, Indonesia is also facing the problem of spreading the Covid-19 virus. During the pandemic, various policies set by the government received protests from some circles because they felt their freedom was restricted. Therefore, the awareness of millennial generation nationalism is needed, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic like today. This research aims to make millennials aware of nationalism sense, which mainly to prevent the spread of Covid-19. This research is used to answer the questions of what the problems that arise due to the waning of the spirit of nationalism during the pandemic are? and what efforts should be made to maintain the spirit of nationalism? Methods: This research is a qualitative study using the literature review method. The articles used are research published in 2019 to 2021 in Google Scholar, with keywords that match the topic of millennial generation nationalism in the Covid-19 pandemic. Results and Discussion: The results of the study found that the spirit of Indonesian nationalism during the Covid-19 pandemic was decreasing. The decline in the sense of nationalism is due to several government policies that impact the psychology of society and the Indonesian economy. As a result, society, particularly the millennial generation, must play a role in breaking the chain of the Covid-19 virus's propagation by following the government's health standards. Conclusion: The government and society need to work together to understand nationalism in the millennial generation, especially in dealing with problems caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on this, various efforts need to be made to foster the spirit of nationalism and overcome the Covid-19 pandemic. So that later, it can produce a generation that upholds the value of nationalism in everyday life.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0309.v1

Measuring the Resilience of Criminogenic Ecosystems to Global Disruption: A Case-Study of COVID-19 in China

Herve Borrion, Justin Kurland, Nick Tilley, Peng Chen

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: security; resilience; pandemic; COVID-19

Online: 26 June 2020 (12:14:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0307.v1

Analysing Poverty during Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia Based on Historical Perspective

Reni Putri Nurhidayati, Moses Pandin

Subject: Social Sciences, Government Keywords: Policy; Poverty; Covid-19 Pandemic; Government

Online: 11 June 2021 (09:02:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0310.v1

Indonesia’s Millennial Generation Education Progress during Covid-19

Muhammad Naufal Priyotomo, Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Covid-19; Millennial; Education Progress

Online: 11 June 2021 (09:19:51 CEST)

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Because of the covid-19 pandemic, world development has de-escalated, and some have come to a halt because there are many new problems that this era never faced before. Especially in Indonesia's education, every student in this millennial era who is already used to face-to-face lectures and teachers and professors are going through massive changes where every task will be done virtually. These actions are being done to prevent the spread of Covid-19. With online meetings, there will be many changes in the curriculum to find an effective way of studying, and the former curriculum will not fit because it was made for the offline lecture. Also adapting to it will take time. This article will bring up Indonesia’s education progress in this era while Covid-19 pandemic is happening and give an insight on how to anticipate this problem. Questions that arise from this topic are the effect of government effort on holding the pandemic, is it safe if school will be opened soon, and how education after this pandemic is. This research uses literature review methods where it’s done by search, gather, compile and interpret data that is being used. The data are from the latest research, namely from 2019 to 2021 published through Google Scholar, totaling 11 articles, and few online news to keep relevancy of the topic. The results of this study indicate that Covid-19 produces a change that is worse than the good. Even so, the government has allowed face-to-face and online learning according to the consent of students and parents. Thus, the community, especially students, teachers, and others, are expected to uphold education even though it is required to adapt according to existing protocols. From the research, literature review methods proved to be effective to study this topic while Covid-19 is happening to keep safety measures, but it does not give many details and specific information well. This method is recommended to researchers who don’t want to risk their life by being exposed to the pandemic.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0017.v1

Profiles of Violence and Use of Alcohol and Tobacco in Relation to the Impulsivity: Sustainable Consumption in Adolescents

María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes, María del Mar Molero Jurado, Ana Belén Barragán Martín, José Jesús Gázquez Linares

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: tobacco; alcohol; physical aggression; verbal aggression; impulsivity

Online: 3 January 2019 (12:27:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0265.v1

A National Cross-Sectional Survey to Assess Tobacco and Nicotine Product Usage Patterns and Behaviour Since the Introduction of Tobacco Heating Products in Japan: Wave 1

Joshua Jones, Jason Adamson, Claudia Kanitscheider, Krishna Prasad, Oscar M. Camacho, Ekaterina Beliaeva, Hans Bauer, Yoga Keralapura, James Murphy

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: Tobacco and nicotine products; tobacco heating products; cigarettes; switching; consumer behaviour; usage patterns.

Online: 10 December 2020 (14:01:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0288.v1

The Influence and Interaction of Tobacco-Related Information Exposure on Youth Smoking Behavior and Smoking Susceptibility: Sex and School Type Difference

Jingfen Zhu, Jiahui Li, Yaping He, Na Li, Gang Xu, Jinming Yu

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: adolescent; current smoking; smoking behavior; tobacco message exposure

Online: 24 May 2019 (08:34:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0487.v1

Targeting the Reconsolidation of Licit Drug Memories to Prevent Relapse: Focus on Alcohol and Nicotine

Segev Barak, Koral Goltseker

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Memory reconsolidation; Animal models; Alcohol addiction; Nicotine; relapse; tobacco

Online: 22 February 2021 (15:29:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0598.v1

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Smoking Among Health Care Workers and Non-Health Care Workers in Zambezi Region, Namibia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sylvia Kahimbi Mahoto, Kabwebwe Honoré Mitonga, Olanrewaju Oladimeji

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Zambezi; Health Care Workers; cigarette smoking; Cigarettes; Gender differences; Prevalence; Tobacco use; Vulnerable populations; Risk factors

Online: 23 December 2020 (16:28:15 CET)

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Smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and remains a significant public health challenge in many lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC) including Namibia. The purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking and its associated risk factors among HCWs and non-HCWs in Zambezi region. An exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and October 2020 among residents of the eight (8) constituencies of Zambezi region. Four hundred and sixty-one (461) respondents who had been residents of the selected constituencies for over five years and aged between 17-60 years were selected for the study. The main outcome measure was current cigarette smoking status. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. We stratified data analysis by individual being health workers or non-health workers. A bivariate Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the association between socio-demographic characteristics and the smoking status. Statistically significant variables in the bivariate analysis were used as predictors in the univariate and multivariate models. The response rate of potential participants was 95% (n=434). The mean (±SD) age of participant’s was 32.5 (± 11.34 years). Significant relationships were observed between smoking status and area of residency (constituency), gender, age category, level of education, age of onset of smoking and the daily smoking frequency. The majority of smokers (n=108) were none-HCWs with males being the majority (n=62). Age (p=0.001), education levels (p=0.001) and area of residency (p=0.022) were highly associated with smoking among none-HCW while marital status was associated with smoking among HCWs (p=0.013). In the final multivariate model, the odds of smoking among female non-HCWs were significantly lower (OR: 0.386; 95% CI: 0.228 – 0.655). Furthermore, the odds of smoking among this same group were lower among those who had secondary level education (OR: 0.178; 95% CI: 0.0659 – 0.483), post-secondary (OR: 0.117, 95% CI: 0.0412 – 0.330) and first stage tertiary (OR: 0.306: 95% CI: 0.106 – 0.881) compared to those who had primary school education. In conclusion, smoking prevalence among none HCWs and HCWs working in Zambezi included in the study was similar to that of the general Namibian population but higher than other neighboring countries within SADC. The results showed a need for the establishment of specific smoking related strategies that target HCWs to address smoking use parallel to the running of none HCWs which would ultimately decrease the smoking prevalence and improve health.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0348.v1

Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase both Exercise and Nicotine Use under Incarceration

Ashley Elizabeth Muller, Ingrid Amalia Havnes, Eline Borger Rognli, Anne Bukten

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: exercise; cigarette; smokeless tobacco; substance use; health behavior

Online: 16 October 2018 (09:49:28 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0290.v1

COVID-19 Pandemic and the Digital Revolution in Academia and Higher Education

Wadim Strielkowski

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: academia; higher education; coronavirus pandemic; online tuition; social distancing; COVID-19; digital revolution

Online: 17 April 2020 (01:56:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0016.v1

From a Smoking Gun to Spent Fuel: Principled Subsampling Methods for Building Big Language Data Corpora from Monitor Corpora

Jacqueline Hettel Tidwell

Subject: Social Sciences, Library And Information Sciences Keywords: corpus linguistics; language modeling; big data; language data; databases; monitor corpora; documentary analysis; nuclear power; government regulation; tobacco documents

Online: 3 December 2018 (09:16:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0246.v1

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Life of Higher Education Students: A Global Perspective

Aleksander Aristovnik, Damijana Keržič, Dejan Ravšelj, Nina Tomaževič, Lan Umek

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: COVID-19; university student; sociodemographic factors, satisfaction; perception; online learning; mental health; habits; institutions; continents

Online: 10 August 2020 (15:21:04 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Aspects of Sustainable Tourism Development and COVID-19 Pandemic

Md. Anowar Hossain Bhuiyan, Shafiqul Hassan, Md. Abud Darda, Md. Wahidul Habib

Subject: Social Sciences, Tourism, Leisure, Sport And Hospitality Keywords: COVID-19; Economic; Environment; Development; Social; Tourism

Online: 19 August 2020 (17:22:04 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0632.v1

Rebuilding the Academy: Strategies for Supporting Academic Mothers during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic and Beyond

Robinson W. Fulweiler, Sarah W. Davies, Jennifer F. Biddle, Amy J. Burgin, Emily H.G. Cooperdock, Torrance C. Hanley, Carly Kenkel, Amy M. Marcarelli, Catherine M. Matassa, Lory Z. Santiago-Vazquez, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Maren Ziegler

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: academic; mothers; COVID-19; pandemic; leaky pipeline

Online: 26 September 2020 (13:08:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0165.v3

Few Open Access Journals are Plan S Compliant

Jan Erik Frantsvåg, Tormod Eismann Strømme

Subject: Social Sciences, Library And Information Sciences Keywords: Plan S; open access journals; APC; technical requirements; publisher size

Online: 22 January 2019 (11:39:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0010.v1

Characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Smokers Exposed to Anti-smoking Marketing in South Australia

Joshua Trigg, Damien Shen, Julia Morris, Jason Blunt

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Indigenous health; smoking; social marketing; tobacco; messaging

Online: 4 January 2022 (15:08:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0470.v1

Nativity Status and Poly Tobacco Use among Young Adults in the United States

Peace C. Okpala, Carrie Rosario, Melissa J. Dupont-Reyes, Michelle Y. Martin Romero, Md Towfiqul Alam, Hailey Paivanas, Sandra E. Echeverria

Subject: Social Sciences, Demography Keywords: poly tobacco; nativity; young adults

Online: 29 December 2021 (14:46:13 CET)

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Working Paper ESSAY

Shifting Our Value System Beyond Citations for a More Equitable Future

Sarah Davies, Hollie Putnam, Tracy Ainsworth, Julia Baum, Colleen Bove, Sarah Crosby, Isabelle Côté, Anne Duplouy, Robinson Fulweiler, Alyssa Griffin, Torrance Hanley, Tessa Hill, Adriana Humanes, Sangeeta Mangubhai, Anna Metaxas, Laura Parker, Hanny Rivera, Nyssa Silbiger, Nicola Smith, Ana Spalding, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Brooke Weigel, Rachel Wright, Amanda Bates

Subject: Social Sciences, Other Keywords: mentorship; citations; bias; sexism; racism; equity; diversity; inclusion; wellbeing

Online: 22 February 2021 (16:17:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0062.v1

Relationship of Google Scholar Versions and Paper Citations

Marjan Mohammadjafari, Hadi Salehi, Kaveh Bakhtiyari, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Mahmoud Danaee, Masoud Shakiba, Masoomeh Shahbazi-Moghadam, Azam Zavvari

Subject: Social Sciences, Library And Information Sciences Keywords: h-index; citations; published version; Scopus database; highly cited paper; bibliometrics

Online: 14 June 2017 (06:07:12 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0238.v1

When Public Policy Is Guided by Misinformation: A Case Study in the Consequences of Fake News

Mickey Keenan, Karola Dillenburger

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: applied behaviour analysis; autism; policy; randomised controlled trials; fake news

Online: 28 March 2018 (12:40:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0484.v1

Characterization of Sex with Animals in Córdoba, Colombia. An Exploratory Study

Óscar Adolfo Medina-Pérez, Liliana Marcela García-Vega, Jean Paulina Villard Plaza, Juan Carlos Ortiz Valencia

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Bestiality; Colombia; sexual behavior; sexuality; Zoophilia

Online: 25 September 2018 (11:49:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0078.v1

COVID-19 and Importance of Social Distancing

Fahim Aslam

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: COVID-19; R0; WHO; social distancing; H1N1; H2N2; influenza

Online: 7 April 2020 (02:48:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0104.v1

Community Peer Review: A Method to Bring Consent and Self-Determination into the Sciences

Max Liboiron, Alex Zahara, Ignace Schoot

Subject: Social Sciences, Other Keywords: ethics; community; refusal; consent; peer review; community peer review

Online: 7 June 2018 (07:35:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0681.v1

Asymptomatic COVID-19; We Don’t Know What We Don’t Know

Olen R. Brown

Subject: Social Sciences, Government Keywords: asymptomatic disease; communicability; COVID-19; death rate; Ro; SARS-CoV-2; social distancing; transmission rate; infection rate; quarantine

Online: 28 July 2020 (11:57:26 CEST)

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Decisions affecting the COVID-19 pandemic, by the individual and those with highest authority, are being made on the basis of unreliable data. Data about cases and deaths are collected daily but represent only a sample of reality. Statistics convert sample data into more reliable estimates. However, statistics have no magical powers; reliability requires dependable data. It is futile to rail against this darkness; COVID-19 is not a scientific experiment. However, we must do better both with data collection and data analysis. In this review, I focus on one element of the data, the asymptomatic case of COVID-19. Without reliable information about this number, decision makers are significantly blinded. By its nature, the asymptomatic case is hidden but contaminating to understanding COVID-19. The true case rate and death rate per case are unknowable without knowing the fraction of cases that are asymptomatic. The best estimate of asymptomatic cases is in the CDC document: COVID-19 Pandemic Planning Scenarios. For four different scenarios the estimates range from 10% to 70%, with the best estimate of 40% for asymptomatic cases. However, even the definition of the asymptomatic case is problematic. In simplest terms, two elements are required: an infection and no symptoms. How is “no symptoms” to be usefully defined? It appears to be analogous to pontificating about black swans from studying only white swans. It implies infection, but how is infection defined? Is it presence of the virus, replication of the virus, or presence of antibodies? Is asymptomatic disease an oxymoron? Without extensive, purposeful screening for specifically defined, essential symptoms and appropriate virus and antibody testing over time, the class of asymptomatic cases remains unknown. Current estimates range from <20% to ˃80%. If low, it can be ignored; if high, it dramatically and proportionately lowers the case rate and the death rate per case. Consequentially, the asymptomatic rate dramatically affects our societal and political responses. In this focused review, we assess the limitations of the published estimates, bring attention to the importance of obtaining accurate data, and exhort that high priority be given in the scientific community to understanding the issue, asymptomatic COVID-19 cases.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0030.v1

A Study of Gender Discrimination Faced by Professional Women in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rahim Yar Khan Region

Muhammad Sabil Farooq , Yuan Tong Kai, Nazia Feroze

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: Pakistan; Rahim Yar Khan; female employment; gender discrimination

Online: 2 October 2019 (10:52:18 CEST)

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As a traditional Muslim country, the problem of gender discrimination in employment among women in Pakistan is more common. If we let it develop without taking measures, it will seriously restrict the speed and quality of Pakistan’s domestic economic development in the long run. In this study, the author obtained the first-hand information on the employment status of professional women in the Rahim Yar Khan region of Pakistan through questionnaire survey, supplemented by the public data of the Federal Statistical Office of Pakistan, and combined with the existing research results of the predecessors. Sex discrimination in employment of professional women in Pakistan. Through the collection of the data obtained from the questionnaire, the author found that economic factors are one of the main factors that cause local women to encounter gender discrimination in employment. Specifically, it includes the imbalance of labor supply and demand and the pursuit of maximum profits. At the same time, the traditional Muslim culture, women's own literacy and the imperfect legal system in Pakistan are also the key factors that cause female employees in the local area to encounter gender discrimination in employment. Women’s gender discrimination in employment is a universal problem. In any country in the world, gender discrimination may exist as long as women are involved in the work. Based on Pakistan's basic national conditions and relevant professional knowledge, the author provides several suggestions for eliminating the problem of gender discrimination in employment for local female employees in Pakistan. 1) The Pakistani government should further promote the domestic economic growth, increase the number of jobs, and ease the imbalance between the supply and demand of labor. At the same time, encourage self-employment and provide corresponding policy support. A variety of measures are also intended to address local gender discrimination in employment for women. 2) The government's leadership accelerates the transformation of the concept of the whole society. On the one hand, it requires the whole society to correctly understand the social status and social contribution of women, and strives to bring the concept of equality between men and women into the hearts of the people. It is intended to encourage qualified women to go out of the family to participate in social work. At the same time, correctly guide corporate values. Enterprises should not unilaterally pursue the maximization of interests, and should take the initiative to assume social responsibilities. 3) Women should also actively and consciously improve their literacy. Including not only active learning advanced cultural knowledge and professional skills. For the professional skills that have already been mastered, you must study harder and make yourself more and more progressive. At the same time, families should guarantee that girls of the appropriate age receive the education they deserve, so that they can gather their strengths in the workplace in the future.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0375.v1

Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Autism Reveals Differential Abundance of Prevotella and Akkermansia Species

Swati Agarwala, Bindushree Naik, Nallur B Ramachandra

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: autism phenome; gut microbiome; behaviour reversal; meta-analysis; 16srRNA sequencing; operational taxonomic units (OTUs)

Online: 25 May 2018 (16:15:27 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0111.v1

Publishing Research Support Documents in Open Access Platform to Improve Research Impact

Nader Ale Ebrahim, Yii Bonn Bong

Subject: Social Sciences, Library And Information Sciences Keywords: improve citations; research tools; research visibility; research impact; documents publishing; highly cited

Online: 26 June 2017 (04:20:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0165.v1

Few Open Access Journals are Plan S Compliant

Jan Erik Frantsvåg, Tormod Eismann Strømme

Subject: Social Sciences, Library And Information Sciences Keywords: Plan S; open access journals; APC; technical requirements; publisher size

Online: 16 January 2019 (10:19:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0620.v1

Parks are Critical Urban Infrastructure: Perception and Use of Urban Green Spaces in NYC During COVID-19

Bianca Lopez, Christopher Kennedy, Timon McPhearson

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: Urban green space; COVID-19; urban parks; open space; New York City; urban infrastructure; equity

Online: 27 August 2020 (12:33:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0099.v1

The Safety and Security Measures of the Selected Universities in Nueva Ecija, Philippines: Its Combat to COVID–19 Pandemic

Jennilyn C. Mina, Januaryn Jose B. Aydinan, Romeo B. Campos, Shirley P. Aye-eo

Subject: Social Sciences, Safety Research Keywords: COVID–19; combat; Inter–Agency Task Force (IATF); pandemic; safety and security; university

Online: 4 December 2020 (11:09:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0029.v1

Teaching and Learning Issues in Mathematics in the Context of Nepal

Ram Krishna Panthi, Shashidhar Belbase

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: teaching and learning ıssues in mathematics; social ıssues in mathematics education; cultural ıssues in mathematics education; political ıssues in mathematics education; technological ıssues in mathematics education

Online: 5 June 2017 (06:13:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0352.v1

HeartMath, Fitbit and COVID-19 - Tracking Movement in Stillness and Stillness in Movement

Stephen David Edwards

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: HeartMath; Fitbit; COVID-19; Meditation; Physical Activity

Online: 17 August 2021 (08:32:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0136.v1

How COVID-19 Have Changed Crowdfunding: Evidence From GoFundMe

Junda Wang, Xupin Zhang, Jiebo Luo

Subject: Social Sciences, Other Keywords: crowdfunding, COVID-19, GoFundMe, topic model, counterfactual

Online: 6 July 2021 (11:35:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0380.v3

Infodemiological Study on COVID-19 Epidemic and COVID-19 Infodemic

Zhiwen Hu, Zhongliang Yang, Qi Li, An Zhang, Yongfeng Huang

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Infodemiology; COVID-19 infodemic; social contagion; collective perceptual bias; collective behavioral propensities; psychological typhoon eye effect

Online: 16 March 2020 (15:12:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0038.v1

Epistemic Regards on Food as a Commons: Plurality of Schools, Genealogy of Meanings, Confusing Vocabularies

José Luis Vivero-Pol

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: food; commons; epistemologies of food; commons epistemologies; food narratives; food values; public good theory; academic schools; paradigms

Online: 7 April 2017 (04:13:41 CEST)

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Commons and food are experiencing a revival in recent years and yet the links between both are almost absent in academic and political discourses. Commons are often portrayed as historical and yet innovative governing mechanisms that can challenge the State-Market hegemony. On the other side, food is both a relevant agent of change and a major driver of planetary destruction, being thus cause and solution to multiple crises that affect humankind. Departing from the commodification of food as one root cause of the broken global food system, this text firstly situates and discusses the different schools of thought (or epistemologies) that have addressed the private/public, commodity/commons nature of goods in general, and then explores how those schools have considered food in particular. To do so, the author has defined five epistemologies, four academic (economic, legal, historical and political) and one non-academic (grassroots activists). The analysis highlights how those epistemologies have yielded incommensurable understandings and conflicting vocabularies, hence creating confusion in the socio-political realm and even rejection around the idea of food being considered as a commons. The economic epistemic regard has reigned over the others by applying an approach to commons, public and private goods that is theoretical, reductionist and ontological instead of phenomenological, therefore preventing or obscuring other scholarly or practical understanding of commons. When applied to food, the iron law of economics dictated that food, a private good based on rivalry and excludability, shall be better allocated through market mechanisms with absolute proprietary rights and valued as a pure commodity. This reductionist view collides with the plurality of meanings of food in different societies, civilisations and historical periods, as other schools of thought indicate. The author uses diverse epistemic tools to re-construct food as a commons, based on its essentiality to human beings and societies and the customary and contemporary praxis to produce, consume and govern food collectively through non-market mechanisms for more than 2000 centuries. As commoning has instituting power to create different political and legal frameworks, if food is valued differently the entire architecture of the global food system would change, as the grassroots activist school claims. Re-commoning food defies the legal and political scaffoldings that sustain the hegemony of market and state decision-makers over eaters and food producers and informs sustainable forms of food production (agro-ecology), new collective practices of governance (food democracies) and alternative policies to regain control over the food system (food sovereignty). Food as a commons is an agent of change with transformative power, no matter what economists say.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0191.v1

Differences in Coping Strategies and Help-Seeking Behaviours among Australian Junior and Senior Doctors during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Amy Pascoe, Eldho Paul, Douglas Johnson, Mark Putland, Karen Willis, Natasha Smallwood

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: COVID-19; coping; mental health; doctors; frontline

Online: 10 November 2021 (08:18:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0380.v1

Research in TESOL: An Investigation of Trends and Types of Research over the Last Ten Years

Waheeb Albiladi

Subject: Social Sciences, Language And Linguistics Keywords: TESOL; English teaching; ESL; EFL; teaching methodology research interests

Online: 30 November 2019 (04:41:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0180.v1

Replacing Sustainable Development: Potential Frameworks for International Cooperation in an Era of Increasing Crises and Disasters.

Jem Bendell

Subject: Social Sciences, Safety Research Keywords: Sustainable Development; Sustainable Development Goals; Sustainability; Postdevelopment; Degrowth; Disaster Risk Reduction; United Nations; Permacrisis; Metadisaster.

Online: 13 May 2022 (07:48:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0149.v1

Sensory Processing Sensitivity in the Context of Environmental Sensitivity: A Critical Review and Development of Research Agenda

Corina U. Greven, Francesca Lionetti, Charlotte Booth, Elaine Aron, Elaine Fox, Haline E. Schendan, Michael Pluess, Hilgo Bruining, Bianca Acevedo, Patricia Bijttebier, Judith Homberg

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: sensory processing sensitivity; highly sensitive person; highly sensitive child; differential susceptibility; environmental sensitivity; temperament; personality; aetiology; animal model; neuroscience; cognition; mental health

Online: 10 September 2018 (04:58:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0305.v1

A Systematic Review of Challenges in Research Supervision at South African Universities

King Costa

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: research, supervision, postgraduate, challenges

Online: 25 December 2018 (12:04:24 CET)

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Preprint EDITORIAL | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0012.v1

One Thousand Preprints Online

Subject: Social Sciences, Library And Information Sciences Keywords: preprints

Online: 1 March 2017 (17:46:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0149.v1

Converting the Literature of a Scientific Field to Open Access Through Global Collaboration: the Experience of SCOAP3 in Particle Physics

Alexander Kohls, Salvatore Mele

Subject: Social Sciences, Library And Information Sciences Keywords: CERN; Journal Flipping; Gold Open Access; Particle Physics; SCOAP3

Online: 23 February 2018 (13:08:35 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0192.v1

Challenges Faced by UK University Students Due to the Coronavirus Crisis in the Higher Education

Siddharth Suhas Kulkarni, Parmjit Chima

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: UK higher education; student; COVID-19; pandemic; academic performance; student evaluations; online learning; loss of income; educational disruptions

Online: 8 February 2021 (11:36:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0195.v1

COVID-19 and the Digital Transformation of Education: What We Are Learning in South Africa

David Mhlanga, Tankiso Moloi

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: COVID-19; digital transformation; education; 4IR; South Africa

Online: 12 April 2020 (14:39:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0258.v1

An appraisal of the Filipino Catholic Devotion to the Black Nazarene in the light of New Evangelization

Joseph Albert Reyes

Subject: Social Sciences, Anthropology Keywords: Black Nazarene; Popular Devotion; Filipino Catholics; Sacred Liturgy; New Evangelization

Online: 9 June 2021 (11:10:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0147.v2

A Guide to Setting Up and Managing a Lab at a Research-Intensive Institution

Bob Goldstein, Prachee Avasthi

Subject: Social Sciences, Other Keywords: career development; new faculty

Online: 17 December 2020 (11:39:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0010.v1

Serial Killers Profiling and Target Victims: Is There a Connection?

Mohammad B. Mustafa

Subject: Social Sciences, Safety Research Keywords: serial killer; criminal profiling; victims; criminal psychology

Online: 2 January 2018 (10:10:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0051.v1

Socio-Demographic Status: Theory, Methods and Applications

Kabir Bindawa Abdullahi

Subject: Social Sciences, Demography Keywords: Socio-demographic positions; Socio-demographic success; Socio-demographic evolution; Socio-demographic hierarchy; Mechanism; Quantitative Assessment

Online: 5 February 2019 (11:02:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0367.v1

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of University Students in Pakistan

Hafiz Muhammad Asif, Hafiz Abdul Sattar

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Psychosocial impact; anxiety; Covid-19 stressors; policies; public health emergencies; pandemics

Online: 15 December 2020 (10:17:13 CET)

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Purpose: A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the cause of COVID-19 eventually led to the declaration of Public health emergency of international concern and a pandemic by WHO due to its exponential global spread. Present study was conducted to investigate the impact of second wave of pandemic on mental wellbeing and social behaviors among university students of Pakistan during this crucial period of COVID-19 infection. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was designed to evaluate the psychosocial impact during the current COVID-19 outbreak among the students of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Snowball sampling or chain referral sampling procedure was adopted to recruit the participants in the study. Verbal informed consent was taken from all participants before recruitment in the study irrespective of their gender, age and socioeconomic status. Results: Mental health of university students during COVID-19 epidemic was affected to a varying degree revealing that 26.66% were recorded to have mild, 27.15% moderate and 17.04% suffering from severe anxiety out of total 1029 students. Students who were residing in urban areas with parents and having a steady family income were negatively associated and found protective factors against anxiety. However, having a relative or an acquaintance infected with COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for experienced anxiety. Positively associated factors with the level of anxiety symptoms included economic stressors, effects on daily-life, and academic delays whereas social support was negatively correlated with anxiety in COVID-19 related stressors. Conclusion: Public health emergencies and such pandemic are exerting serious psychological impacts on university students. It is recommended that the higher authorities should plan better policies to reduce this impact for the provision of high quality and timely crisis-oriented psychological services to university students.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0029.v1

Evolving the Correction of the Literature: Manuscript Versioning, Error Amendment, and Retract and Replace

Jaime Teixeira Da Silva

Subject: Social Sciences, Ethnic And Cultural Studies Keywords: amendment; corrigendum; erratum; errors; open science; peer review; preprint; replacement; retractions

Online: 8 August 2017 (08:27:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0060.v1

COVID-19: Knowledge, Perceptions and Attitudes of Residents in the Northern Region of Ghana, West Africa

Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba, Joseph Nzeh, Francis Addy, Akosua Bonsu Karikari

Subject: Social Sciences, Area Studies Keywords: COVID-19; knowledge; perception; attitude; Northern Region; Ghana

Online: 3 August 2020 (00:53:37 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0083.v1

Depression Measurement Instruments: An Overview of the Top Depression Rating Scales

John H. Morgan

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: depression; measurement scale; ratings; literature review

Online: 16 December 2016 (07:57:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0141.v1

Stability and Flexibility of the Organizational Culture after the Transition of Economy—The Case of Serbia

Snežana Kirin, Gordana Gavric, Nena Vasojevic, Ivan Rakonjac

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: organizational culture; mission; consistency; involvement; adaptability

Online: 22 November 2017 (04:19:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1010012.v1

Perception to Adaptation of Climate Change in Nepal: An Empirical Analysis Using Multivariate Probit Model

Arun GC, Jun-Ho Yeo

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: adaptation; perception; climate change; Nepal; multivariate probit

Online: 6 March 2019 (00:00:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0106.v1

Bottled vs. Canned Beer: Do They Really Taste Different?

Andrew Barnett, Carlos Velasco, Charles Spence

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: packaging; beer; image mold; packaging weight; taste

Online: 10 August 2016 (09:04:27 CEST)

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People often say that beer tastes better from a bottle than from a can. However, one can ask whether this perceived difference is reliable across consumers; And, if so, whether it is purely a psychological phenomenon (associated with the influence of packaging on taste perception), or whether instead it reflects some more mundane physico-chemical interaction between the packaging material (or packing procedure/process) and the contents. We conducted two experiments in order to address these important questions. In the main experiment, 151 participants at the 2016 Edinburgh Science Festival were served a beer in a plastic cup. The beer was either poured from a bottle or can (i.e., a between-participants experimental design was used) and the participants were encouraged to pick up the packaging in order to inspect the label before tasting the beer. The participants rated the perceived taste, quality, and freshness of the beer, as well as their likelihood of purchase, and their estimate of the price. All of the beer came from the same batch (from Barney’s Brewery in Edinburgh). Nevertheless, those who evaluated the bottled beer rated it as tasting better than those who rated the beer that had been served from a can. Having demonstrated such a perceptual difference in terms of taste, we then went on to investigate whether people would prefer one packaging format over the other when the beer from bottle and can was served to a new group of participants blind (i.e., when the participants did not know the packaging material). The participants in this control study (N = 29) were asked which beer they preferred or else could state that the two samples tasted the same. No sign of preference was obtained under such conditions. Explanations for the psychological impact of the packaging format, in terms of differences in packaging weight (between tin and glass), and/or prior associations of quality with specific packaging materials/formats (what some have chosen to call ‘image molds’) are discussed.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0187.v1

Socio-Economic Patterns of COVID-19 During the Pandemic in Italy

Alberto Mateo-Urdiales, Massimo Fabiani, Aldo Rosano, Maria Fenicia Vescio, Martina Del Manso, Antonino Bella, Flavia Riccardo, Patrizio Pezzotti, Enrique Regidor, Xanthi Andrianou

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: COVID-19; HEALTH INEQUALITIES; DEPRIVATION; SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Online: 8 February 2021 (11:04:18 CET)

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Preprint EDITORIAL | doi:10.20944/preprints201605.0001.v1

Introducing Preprints: A Multidisciplinary Open Access Preprint Platform

Subject: Social Sciences, Library And Information Sciences Keywords: Preprints, Open Science

Online: 3 May 2016 (14:43:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0070.v1

The Self-Action Leadership Model: A Qualitative, Nomological Expansion of Self-Leadership Theory Rooted in Action Research Theory

Jordan Jensen, Christopher Neck, Rodney Beaulieu

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: Self-Action Leadership (SAL), SAL model, SAL theory, nomological, existential growth, organizational (or corporate) citizen, SAR project, SAL project, step-habit, Self-Declaration of Independence, Self-Constitution

Online: 23 July 2016 (10:26:10 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0339.v1

Choices We Make: Rethinking Decision-making in the Context of Climate Crisis

Patrick Waeber, Natasha Stoudmann, Jaboury Ghazoul, Lucienne Wilmé, Jeffrey Sayer, Carlos Nobre, John Innes, Claude Garcia

Subject: Social Sciences, Decision Sciences Keywords: decision-making; change; behavior; climate change; deforestation; social norms; lobbyist, climate denier

Online: 28 January 2020 (10:44:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0616.v1

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of the General Population, Students, and Health Care Workers: A Review

Sabina Sankhi, Nirmal Raj Marasine

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; general population; students; health care workers

Online: 25 July 2020 (17:31:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0190.v1

Understanding the Cognitive Processes Underlying Performance in the IELTS Listening Comprehension Test

Mohammad Ghahramanlou, Zahra Zohoorian, Purya Baghaei

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: listening comprehension; subskills; validity

Online: 22 August 2016 (11:35:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0127.v1

Effective English Reading Strategies: English Language Learners’ Perceptions

Waheeb S Albiladi

Subject: Social Sciences, Language And Linguistics Keywords: ESL Reading; ELLs; reading strategies; reading aloud; silent reading

Online: 10 December 2019 (06:45:51 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0182.v1

Escape Education: A Systematic Review on Escape Rooms in Education

Alice Veldkamp, Liesbeth van de Grint, Marie-Christine Knippels, Wouter van Joolingen

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: escape room; escape game; game design; team work; collaborative learning; student engagement

Online: 11 March 2020 (10:25:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0129.v1

Individual Responses in the Domestic Horse Regarding Human Behavior in Identical Settings

Kathrin Schütz, Annika Rötters, Lara Oebel

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: nonverbal communication; interspecific communication; domestic horse

Online: 20 February 2018 (15:23:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0091.v1

Application of Protection Motivation Theory to Investigate Waste Management Behaviors of Public and Private Officers in Bangkok City, Thailand

Piyapong Janmaimool

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: sustainable waste management behaviors; protection motivation theory; pro-environmental behaviors; threat appraisal, coping appraisal

Online: 9 August 2016 (10:29:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1010014.v1

Perspectives on Agricultural Land Use Conversion and Food Security in Rural Ghana

Divine Odame Appiah, Felix Asante, Bernice Nketiah

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: agriculture land use; conversion; peri-urbanization; food security; Asante-Akim South; Ghana

Online: 18 March 2019 (00:00:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0057.v1

MAGIC: a MATLAB Toolbox for External Control of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Devices

Forough Habibollahi Saatlou, Nigel C. Rogasch, Nicolas A. McNair, Mana Biabani, Steven D. Pillen, Tom R. Marshall, Til O. Bergmann

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: TMS; remote control; serial port; MagVenture; MagStim

Online: 3 May 2018 (08:45:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0022.v1

Age-sensitive eHealth Applications in Smart Homes

Wiktoria Wilkowska, Philipp Brauner, Martina Ziefle

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Ambient Assisted Living; eHealth; Technology Acceptance, Smart Health, User Diversity, Serious Games for Healthcare

Online: 12 July 2016 (09:39:31 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0052.v1

Dialectic Critical Realism: Grounded Values and Reflexivity in Social Science Research

Christopher Bagley, Alice Sawyerr, Mahmoud Abubaker

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: Dialectical Critical Realism; Education; Islam; Childhood Studies; Child Abuse; Work-Life-Balance; Roy Bhaskar; Priscilla Alderson; Margaret Archer

Online: 18 September 2016 (06:04:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0472.v2

Decoding State Vaccination Rates Using Intelligence Quotient, Income, and Political Affiliation

Azad Kabir, Raeed Kabir, Jebun Nahar, Ritesh Sengar

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Online misinformation; COVID-19 vaccination; fully vaccinated; Intelligence Quotient; per capita income

Online: 27 July 2021 (13:47:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0107.v1

Network Models for Cognitive Development and Intelligence

Han Van Der Maas, Kees-Jan Kan, Maarten Marsman, Claire E. Stevenson

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: intelligence; development of intelligence; cognitive development; network models; factor models; psychometrics; latent variable models

Online: 25 January 2017 (03:14:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0550.v1

Strategic Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: Comparative Lockdown Scenario Analysis, Public Perception, and Management Perspectives

Md. Bodrud-Doza, Mashura Shammi, Abu Islam, Md. Rahman

Subject: Social Sciences, Decision Sciences Keywords: COVID-19; strategic management; scenario analysis; response plans; lockdown

Online: 30 April 2020 (22:47:23 CEST)

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Global pandemic COVID-19 is in stage 4 of widespread local transmission in Bangladesh- the country which did not have a noteworthy health policy and legislative structures to combat COVID-19 like a pandemic. Early strategic planning and groundwork for evolving and established challenges are crucial to assemble resources and react in an appropriate timely manner. This article, therefore, focuses on the public perception of comparative lockdown scenario analysis and how they may affect the sustainable development and the strategic management regime of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh socioeconomically. Response from 159 respondents was collected via a purposive sampling survey method through a questionnaire, and 54 statements were collected for scenario analysis. Datasets were analyzed through a set of statistical techniques including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), hierarchical Cluster Analysis (CA), Pearson’s correlation matrix (PCM), Linear regression analysis (LRA), and psychometric characteristics were included in the Classical Test Theory (CTT) analysis. There were good associations among the lockdown scenarios and response strategies to be formulated. A strong significant positive relationship was observed between people who will start moving towards regular life and the formal and informal economic activities will be started in lockdown scenario 1(r=0.671, p<0.01). The scenario one describes how the death and infection rate will increase if Govt withdraw the partial lockdown before 40 to 50 days. Scenario 2 outlines people’s movement will enable low-level community transmission of COVID-19 with the infection and death rate will increase slowly (r=0.540, p<0.01). Moreover, there will be less supply of necessities of daily use with a price hike (r= 0.680, p<0.01). Scenario 3, full lock down will reduce the community transmission and death from COVID-19 (r=0.545, p<0.01). Moreover, along with the other problems gender discrimination and gender-based violence will increase rapidly (r=0.661, p<0.01). Form regression analysis, due to full lockdown, the formal and informal business, economy and education sector will be hampered severely (R=0.695), there was a strong association between the loss of livelihood and unemployment rate will increase due to business shutdown (p<0.01) and poor communities both in urban and rural areas will be affected severely (p<0.01).All these will further aggravate the humanitarian needs of the most vulnerable groups in the country in the coming months to be followed which needs to be dealt with proper response plans. It will undoubtedly affect the targets of global sustainable development goals (SDGs) of 2030 and all other development targets.

Working Paper REVIEW

A Review of the Public Health Act in Malawi: A Case for Reform and Consolidation

Evanson Sambala, Naomi Kayesa, Gracious Ali, Patrick Mbulaje, Elizabeth Mkutumula, Charles Wiysonge

Subject: Social Sciences, Law Keywords: Infectious Diseases; Non-Communicable Diseases; Public Health Act; Laws and Regulations; Malawi

Online: 2 April 2020 (12:04:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0180.v1

The Entropy of Words—Learnability and Expressivity across More Than 1000 Languages

Christian Bentz, Dimitrios Alikaniotis, Michael Cysouw, Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho

Subject: Social Sciences, Language And Linguistics Keywords: natural language, unigram entropy, entropy rate, learnability, expressivity

Online: 27 April 2017 (15:54:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0037.v1

Public Perceptions and Practices of Recycling in the City of Laramie in Wyoming

Upendra B. Bom, Shashidhar Belbase, Reni Bibriven Lila

Subject: Social Sciences, Geography, Planning And Development Keywords: recycling; public participation; public perception; recycling behavior; environment

Online: 6 June 2017 (09:35:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0050.v1

The Public Mental Health While in a Community Quarantine Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Literature Using Google Scholar

Ryan Labana

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Review Literature; Psychosocial Support System; Public Health Administration

Online: 5 May 2020 (02:23:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0789.v1

Catcalling As a Representation of the Strong Patriarchal Culture in the Perspective of Feminism

Meilisa Dwi Ervinda, Raselly Elfa Putri, Moses Pandin

Subject: Social Sciences, Gender And Sexuality Studies Keywords: catcalling, harassment; patriarchy; qualitative design; women

Online: 30 April 2021 (15:19:44 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0042.v1

Strategic Thinking in a Pandemic: A Blueprint for Government-Led National Hygiene Communication Campaigns to Combat COVID-19

Valerie Curtis, Robert Dreibelbis, Myriam Sidibe, Jason Cardosi, Jennifer Sara, Chris Bonell, Kaposo Mwambuli, Soma Ghosh Moulik, Sian White, Robert Aunger

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: COVID-19; hand washing; hygiene; behaviour change; communications

Online: 3 May 2020 (09:05:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0074.v1

Reflective Practice in Healthcare Education: An Umbrella Review

Konstantinos Fragkos

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: reflection; healthcare education; umbrella review

Online: 8 August 2016 (10:40:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0180.v1

Mind-Personality Relations from Childhood to Early Adulthood

Andreas Demetriou, George Spanoudis, Mislav Stjepan Žebec, Maria Andreou, Hudson Golino, Smaragda Kazi

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: personality; intelligence; development; cognition

Online: 9 August 2018 (08:25:45 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0103.v1

Smartphone-Based Safety Planning and Self-Monitoring for Suicidal Patients: A Conceptual Basis for the CASPAR (Continuous Assessment for Suicide Prevention and Research) Study

Chani Nuij, Wouter Van Ballegooijen, Jeroen Ruwaard, Derek de Beurs, Rory C. O'Connor, Jan H. Smit, Heleen Riper, Ad Kerkhof

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: suicide prevention; e-mental health; implementation; fundamental research; ecological momentary assessment; experience sampling; network analysis

Online: 18 April 2017 (03:24:13 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0018.v1

Mastery Learning Strategy and Learning Retention: Effects on Senior Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Physical Geography in Ganye Educational Zone, Nigeria

Jacob Filgona, Joel Filgona, Linus, K. Sababa

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: mastery learning strategy; learning retention; achievement; physical geography; conventional method

Online: 5 February 2017 (10:01:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0362.v1

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Poverty Reduction in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)

David Mhlanga

Subject: Social Sciences, Government Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Fourth Industrial Revolution; Poverty

Online: 16 September 2020 (11:31:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0115.v1

Incorporating Sustainability into Engineering Education Using e-Learning

Edmond Sanganyado

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: sustainability; Green Engineering; curriculum development; chemical education; engineering education

Online: 17 February 2018 (13:23:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0025.v1

The Source of the Symbolic Numerical Distance and Size Effects

Attila Krajcsi, Gábor Lengyel, Petia Kojouharova

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: numerical cognition; numerical distance effect; numerical size effect; analogue number system; discrete semantic system

Online: 7 September 2016 (11:29:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0035.v1

Academic publishing: Making the implict explicit

Cecile Badenhorst, Xiaolin Xu

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: graduate student publishing; scholarly publication; research writing; productive academic writing; academic publishing, autoethnography

Online: 15 July 2016 (04:57:30 CEST)

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