Search Subject Areas | Preprints.org

Working Paper ARTICLE

Individual Variation of the SARS-CoV2 Receptor ACE2 Gene Expression and Regulation

Jiawei Chen, Quanlong Jiang, Xian Xia, Kangping Liu, Zhengqing Yu, Wanyu Tao, Wenxuan Gong, Jing-Dong J. Han

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID19; ACE2; SARS-CoV2

Online: 12 March 2020 (03:15:15 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0548.v1

Why Does COVID-19 Disproportionately Affect the Elderly?

Amber L. Mueller, Maeve S. McNamara, David A. Sinclair

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; aging; immunosenescence; inflammaging; inflammation; cytokine storm; epigenetics; biological clock; sirtuin; glycome

Online: 30 April 2020 (22:38:53 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0126.v1

Re-thinking the Potential for Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Joseph Allen, Linsey Marr

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; airborne; aerosol; transmission

Online: 7 May 2020 (13:20:42 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0441.v1

IgG4 Antibodies Induced by mRNA Vaccines Generate Immune Tolerance to SARS-CoV-2’spike Protein by Suppressing the Immune System

Vladimir N. Uversky, Elrashdy M. Redwan, William Makis, Alberto Rubio-Casillas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: IgG4 antibodies; mRNA vaccines; immuno-tolerance; auto-immunity; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19.

Online: 27 March 2023 (03:56:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0640.v1

Rapid Recovery in Six Patients with COVID-19 Respiratory Failure after Treatment with Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Jonathan Javitt, Jihad Youssef

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: VIP; COVID-19; respiratory failure; vasoactive intestinal peptide; aviptadil; ARDS

Online: 28 August 2020 (11:38:23 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0413.v1

A Scalable Method for Ultraviolet C Disinfection of Surgical Facemasks Type IIR and Filtering Facepiece Particle Respirators 1 and 2

Ivar Lede, Karina Nolte, René Kroes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV2; UVC; disinfeciton; respirators; reuse

Online: 23 April 2020 (11:36:29 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0347.v1

Vitamin B12 May Inhibit RNA-Dependent-RNA Polymerase Activity of nsp12 from the SARS-CoV-2 Virus

Naveen Narayanan, Deepak T. Nair

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: nsp12; RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase; SARS-CoV-2; inhibitor; vitamin B12

Online: 23 March 2020 (07:46:54 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0094.v1

Can Zinc Correction in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Improve Treatment Outcomes?

Amir Noeparast, Gil Verschelden

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; zinc; zn; zinc-deficiency; cytokine storm

Online: 7 April 2020 (11:22:53 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0349.v1

COVID-19: Beta-Thalassemia Subjects Immunised?

Edouard Lansiaux, Philippe Pierre Pebay, Jean Laurent Picard, Joachim Son-Forget

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Novel Coronavirus; respiratory distress; Favipiravir; statistics; correlation; beta thalassemia; immunisation; Italy; Sardinia; regression; heme

Online: 19 April 2020 (13:48:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0301.v1

Nicotinic Cholinergic System and COVID-19: Identification of a Potentially Crucial Snake Toxin-Like Sequence in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein

Konstantinos Farsalinos, Elias Eliopoulos, Socrates Tzartos, Konstantinos Poulas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; smoking; nicotine; nicotinic cholinergic system; inflammation

Online: 18 May 2020 (11:51:44 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0045.v1

A Curious Case of Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia

Muhammad Zeeshan Siddiqui, Taha Jawaid Khan, Samiya Khan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: eosinophilic pneumonia; lung nodules; dyspnea; eosinophils

Online: 13 September 2016 (04:04:39 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0045.v1

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Caused by the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Practical Comprehensive Literature Review

Francisco Montenegro, Luis Unigarro, Gustavo Paredes, Tatiana Moya, Ana Romero, Liliana Torres, Juan Carlos López, Fernando Esteban Jara González, Gustavo Del Pozo, Andrés López-Cortés, Ana Maria Diaz, Jorge Eduardo vasconez, Domenica Cevallos-Robalino, Alex Lister, Esteban Ortiz-Prado

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: ARDS; COVID-19; Berlin Criteria; Respiratory Failure

Online: 5 June 2020 (13:54:36 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0232.v2

ODK Scan: Digitizing Data Collection and Impacting Data Management Processes in the Tuberculosis Control Program of Pakistan

Syed Mustafa Ali, Rachel Powers, Jeffrey Beorse, Farah Naureen, Arif Noor, Naveed Anjum, Muhammad Ishaq, Javariya Aamir, Richard Anderson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: mHealth; ODK scan; mobile health application; digitizing data collection; data management processes; paper-to-digital system; technology-assisted data management; treatment adherence

Online: 2 September 2016 (03:17:38 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0267.v1

Trends in Intensive Care for Patients with COVID-19 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland

James C Doidge, Paul R Mouncey, Karen Thomas, Doug W Gould, Paloma Ferrando-Vivas, Manu Shankar-Hari, David A Harrison, Kathryn M Rowan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; intensive care; trends; United Kingdom; mortality; mechanical ventilation

Online: 11 August 2020 (13:45:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0210.v1

An Alternative to Ventilators to Support Critical COVID-19 Patients

Gang Pan, Tao Lyu, John Hunt

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; oxygen nanobubble; intravenous therapy; ventilator

Online: 13 April 2020 (10:53:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0149.v1

Evaluation of Rational Drug Use for Acute Pharyngitis Associated with the Incidence and Prevalence of the Disease at Two Community Health Centers in Indonesia

Cindra T. Yuniar, Kusnandar Anggadiredja, Alfi N. Islamiyah

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: acute pharyngitis; rational use of drugs; incidence; prevalence

Online: 30 December 2016 (07:37:07 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0225.v1

Fasudil Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Preventing Endothelial Dysfunction

Jingjing Wang, Jian Xu, Xinyun Zhao, Weiping Xie, Hong Wang, Hui Kong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: acute lung injury; fasudil, Rho kinase; endothelial function; inflammation

Online: 31 March 2017 (08:30:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0453.v1

Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome with Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Jihad Georges Youssef, Sami Said, George Youssef, Matthew J. Javitt, Jonathan C. Javitt

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: ARDS; VIP; Aviptadil; RLF-100; Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Sepsis

Online: 20 July 2020 (03:46:11 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper REVIEW

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: ‘Warp Speed’ Needs Mind Melds not Warped Minds

John P. Moore, P. J. Klasse

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; neutralizing antibodies; serology; vaccines; animal models

Online: 7 June 2020 (10:26:44 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0175.v1

Covid-19 Predictions Using a Gauss Model, Based on Data from April 2

Janik Schüttler, Reinhard Schlickeiser, Frank Schlickeiser, Martin Kröger

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: coronavirus; statistical analysis; extrapolation; parameter estimation; pandemic spreading; virus; forecast; time evolution; dynamics

Online: 11 April 2020 (01:25:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0232.v1

ODK Scan: Digitizing Data Collection and Impacting Data Management Processes in the Tuberculosis Control Program of Pakistan

Syed Mustafa Ali, Rachel Powers, Naveed Anjum, Jeffrey Beorse, Muhammad Ishaq, Javariya Aamir, Dr Richard Anderson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: mHealth; ODK scan; mobile health application; digitizing data collection; data management processes; paper-to-digital system; technology-assisted data management; treatment adherence

Online: 31 August 2016 (08:59:49 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0030.v1

Particulate Matter and Respiratory Symptoms among Adults Living in Windhoek, Namibia; a Cross Sectional Descriptive Study

Ndinomholo Hamatui, Caryl Beynon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: respiratory symptoms; PM exposure; residential location; Namibia; Windhoek

Online: 10 October 2016 (09:59:29 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0099.v1

Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Early Immune-Modulator Therapy

Kyung-Yil Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: pneumonia; acute respiratory distress syndrome; pathogenesis; protein-homeostasis-system; corticosteroid; intravenous immunoglobulin

Online: 18 November 2016 (10:18:58 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0285.v1

Understanding the Molecular Mechanism(s) of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Propagation in Human to Discover Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Approach

Sibi Raj, Vaishali Chandel, Brijesh Rathi, Dhruv Kumar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV2; vaccines; infection; prevention; therapeutics

Online: 16 April 2020 (16:05:27 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0097.v1

Why Blood Group A Individuals Are at Risk Whereas Blood Group O Individuals Might Be Protected from SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection: A Hypothesis Regarding How the Virus Invades the Human Body via Abo(H) Blood Group-Determining Carbohydrates

Peter Arend

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2–human carbohydrate interaction; trans-species glycosylation; A-like/Tn structure; trans-species glycan bridge

Online: 6 May 2020 (14:41:35 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0010.v1

Airway Mucus and Asthma: The Role of MUC5AC and MUC5B

Luke R. Bonser, David J. Erle

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: MUC5AC; MUC5B; asthma

Online: 1 November 2017 (05:27:28 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Potential for Developing a SARS-CoV Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) Recombinant Protein as a Heterologous Human Vaccine against Coronavirus Infectious Disease (COVID)-19

Wen-Hsiang Chen, Peter J. Hotez, Maria Elena Bottazzi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: heterologous vaccine; receptor-binding domain; subunit vaccine; coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 4 March 2020 (05:19:16 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0424.v1

Taste Cell Is Abundant in the Expression of ACE2 Receptor of 2019-nCoV

Qi Han, Jiakuan Peng, Hao Xu, Qianming Chen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; ACE2; amblygeustia

Online: 24 April 2020 (03:34:21 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Findings, Radiographic Signs and Outcomes of 52,251 Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ali Pormohammad, Saeed Ghorbani, Behzad Baradaran, Alireza Khatam, Raymond Turner, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Demetrios N. Kyriacou, Juan-Pablo Idrovo, Nathan C. Bahr

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; meta-analysis

Online: 16 March 2020 (01:06:04 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Introduction: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is very contagious, and can be transmitted to other people by droplet, aerosol, sneezing, infected surface, and cough. There is no vaccine or effective treatment at this time. Therefore, the prevention of COVID-19 and the rapid diagnosis of infected patients is crucial. Method: We searched all relevant literature published up to February 28, 2020, from Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library to collect the studies that reported clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 infected patients. The study quality was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Checklist. Depending on the heterogeneity test, we used either random or fixed-effect models to analyze the appropriateness of the pooled results. Result: Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis, including a total of 52,251 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. 69.5% (95% CI 54.5-81, p < 0.001) of patients had a history of recent travel to Wuhan, contact with people from Wuhan, or lived in Wuhan. The most common symptoms among COVID-19 infected patients were fever 85.6 % (95% CI 73 -93, p < 0.001), and cough 63 % (95% CI 55.5-70, p < 0.001), respectively. The laboratory analysis showed that thrombocytosis was present in 91% (95% CI 81-98, p < 0.001) CRP was elevated in 81% (95% CI 65-91, p < 0.001), and lymphopenia in 62.5% of cases (95% CI 42-79, p < 0.001). The most common radiographic signs were bilateral involvement in 76.8% (95% CI 62.5-87, p < 0.001) and consolidation in 75.5% (95% CI 50.5-91, p < 0.001) of patients. Most patients (85.4%) were hospitalized, 20.6% of patients were admitted to the ICU in critical condition, and the mortality rate was 5.6%. Conclusions: Fever and cough are the most common symptoms of COVID-19 infection in the literature published to date. Thombocytosis, lymphopenia, and increased CRP were common lab findings although most patients included in the overall analysis did not have laboratory values reported. The most common radiographic sign was bilateral involvement in and consolidation. Among Chinese patients with COVID-19, rates of hospitalization, critical condition, and hospitalization were high in this study, but these findings may be biased by reporting only confirmed cases.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0317.v1

Minimum Size of Respiratory Droplets Containing SARS-CoV-2 and Aerosol Transmission Possibility

Byung Uk Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); COVID19; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; bioaerosol; aerosol

Online: 19 April 2020 (03:21:32 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0275.v1

Advanced Respiratory Monitoring in COVID-19 Patients: Use Less PEEP!

Lisanne Roesthuis, Maarten van den Berg, Hans van der Hoeven

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; ARDS; PEEP; mechanical ventilation; transpulmonary pressure

Online: 16 April 2020 (13:24:29 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0512.v1

The Structure of the Membrane Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Resembles the Sugar Transporter semiSWEET

Sunil Thomas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; virus; sugar transporter; SemiSWEET; membrane glycoprotein

Online: 29 April 2020 (14:06:19 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0163.v1

From Genotype to Phenotype: A Clinical Perspective for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

Etienne Ruppé, Abdessalam Cherkaoui, Vladimir Lazarevic, Stéphane Emonet, Jacques Schrenzel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: next-generation sequencing; whole-genome sequencing; hospital-acquired pneumonia; antibiotic resistance; prediction; clinical metagenomics

Online: 30 September 2017 (04:49:23 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0045.v1

The Conceptual Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Related Lymphopenia

Ilnaz Rahimmanesh, Shirin Kouhpayeh, Hossein Khanahmad

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; lymphopenia; NAD+ depletion; CD38

Online: 6 April 2020 (09:28:00 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0223.v1

COVID-19 Vaccines:A Race Against Time in the Middle of Death and Devastation!

Mohammad Khuroo, Mohammad Khuroo, Mehnaaz Khuroo, Ahmad Sofi, Naira Khuroo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; vaccine; platform technology; clinical trials

Online: 13 May 2020 (05:10:48 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0265.v1

Structural Identification of the Electrostatic Hot Spots for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein to Be Complexed with Its Receptor ACE2 and Its Neutralizing Antibodies

Wei Li

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV; Spike protein; Electrostatic hot spots; Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); Neutralizing antibody

Online: 18 February 2020 (11:03:10 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0087.v1

While We Wait for a Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2, Why Not Think About Available Drugs?

Francisco J. Barrantes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; design drugs; ACE2; prophylaxis

Online: 7 April 2020 (11:02:13 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

At the time of reception of this article (April 2, 2020), efforts to develop a specific vaccine against SARS-Cov-2, the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), had just begun trial phase 1, but full validation of this and other current developments is likely to take many more months to reach completion. The ongoing pandemic constitutes a major health burden of world proportions that is also having a devastating impact on whole economies worldwide, the knock-on effects of which could be catastrophic especially in poorer countries. Alternative measures to ameliorate the impact and hamper or minimally slow down disease progression are urgently called for. This review discusses past and currently evolving data on the etiological agent of the current pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, and its host cell receptors with a view to disclosing alternative drugs for palliative or therapeutic approaches. Firstly, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits marked tropism for cells that harbor the membrane-bound metalloprotease angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) at their plasmalemma, predominantly in cells lining the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and bronchoalveolar cells, making these epithelial mucosae the most likely viral receptor cell targets and entry routes. Secondly, the crystal structures of several coronavirus spike proteins in complex with their cell host target receptors, and of SARS-Cov-2 in complex with an inhibitor, are now available at atomic resolution through X-ray diffraction and cryo-electron microscopy studies. Thirdly, viral entry of other viruses has been successfully blocked by inhibiting viral endogenous proteases or clathrin/dynamin-dependent endocytosis, the same internalization pathway followed by ACE2 and some viruses. Fourthly, the target cell-surface receptor molecules and SARS-CoV-2 possess other putative sites for drugs potentially modulating receptor activity or virus processing. A multi-pronged pharmacological approach attacking more than one flank of the viral-receptor interactions is worth considering as a front-line strategy.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0319.v1

Treatment of COVID-19 with Individualized Immune Boosting Interventions

Mohan Doss

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; respiratory illness; pneumonia; I4R approach; immune system; inflammation; immune boosting interventions

Online: 23 March 2020 (00:33:02 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0082.v1

The COVID-19 Spread in India and Its Dependence on Temperature and Relative Humidity

Velu Vinoj, Nandini Gopinath, Kiranmayi Landu, Bijayini Behera, Baijayantimala Mishra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Temperature; Environment; Relative Humidity; India

Online: 5 July 2020 (15:20:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0278.v1

COVID-19 Serological Tests: How Well Do They Actually Perform?

Abdi Ghaffari, Robyn Meurant, Ali Ardakani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; serological diagnostic test; performance evaluation

Online: 21 June 2020 (14:58:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0277.v1

Collaborative Research for Long COVID Haulers in Greece (Characteristics, Clinical Assessment and Rehabilitation). Non-hospitalized and Hospitalized Long COVID Patients Share Similar Symptom Patterns

Martha Spyridoula Katsarou, Eleni Iasonidou, Alexander Osarogue, Efthymios Kalafatis, Stylianos Gatzonis, Sofia Pappa, Athanasia Verentzioti, Maria Stefanatou, Pantelis Gounopoulos, Christos Demponeras, Eleni Konstantinidou, Nikolaos Drakoulis, Andreas Asimakos, Archontoula Antonoglou, Aspasia Mavronasou, Stavroula Spetsioti, Anastasia Kotanidou, Paraskevi Katsaounou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Long Covid; post Covid; Post-acute COVID

Online: 21 March 2022 (08:25:20 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0130.v1

Challenges in Controlling SARS-CoV-2 in a Lower-middle Income Country and the Potential Unintended Effects due to Aggressive Restrictions

Lincoln Lau, Peng Wu, Daryn Go, Warren Dodd, Charles Yu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; LMIC; Quarantine Measures

Online: 8 April 2020 (12:03:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0372.v1

Modeling and Analysis of The Early-Growth Dynamics of COVID-19 Transmission

Abul Kalam al Azad, Asif Mostafa Hussain

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus; Pandemic; Epidemiological Analysis; Exponential Growth; Herd Immunity; Doubling Period

Online: 23 May 2020 (10:36:33 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0002.v1

Point-of-Care Urine LAM Tests for Tuberculosis Diagnosis: A Mini-Review

Michelle A. Bulterys, Bradley Wagner, Maël Redard-Jacot, Anita Suresh, Nira R. Pollock, Emmanuel Moreau, Claudia M. Denkinger, Paul K. Drain, Tobias Broger

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: tuberculosis (TB); diagnostics; lipoarabinomannan (LAM); urinary test; diagnosis

Online: 2 December 2019 (04:18:41 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0423.v1

Variable Structural Networks at the Active Site of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 Main Proteases

Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV2; SARS-CoV; variable residues; main protease; structural analysis

Online: 29 March 2020 (06:22:06 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0260.v1

Pulse Therapy with Corticosteroids and Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Management of Severe Tocilizumab-Resistant COVID-19: A Report of Three Clinical Cases

Mikhail V. Sheianov, Yurii D. Udalov, Sergei S. Ochkin, Andrei N. Bashkov, Dmitrii N. Shikunov, Aleksandra P. Netrebina, Artem I. Kryntsilov, Aleksandr E. Ozerov, Aleksandr S. Samoilov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; pulse therapy; corticosteroids; immunoglobulin

Online: 21 June 2020 (11:06:08 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0441.v1

Pulmonary Vesicle and Bullae Formation in Patients With COVID-19: Experiences from Wuhan

Hexiao Tang, Li Zhang, Yanhong Wei, Changsheng Li, Bo Hu, Jinping Zhao, Nahush A Mokadam, Hua Zhu, Jun Lin, Sufang Tian, Xuefeng Zhou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Corona Virus Disease 2019; pulmonary vesicle; prognosis; surgical treatment

Online: 24 April 2020 (12:06:33 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0320.v1

Reciprocal Personal/Public Protection for COVID-19 with Mask Discriminating Mouth and Nose

Yijun Yuan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: reciprocal personal/public protection; mask discriminating mouth and nose; mouth cover; mask; face covering; source control; source classification; Covid-19; active source; liquid droplets

Online: 14 September 2020 (11:45:27 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0243.v1

Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia Exhibit Depleted Vitamin C Status and Elevated Oxidative Stress

Anitra C. Carr, Emma Spencer, Liane Dixon, Steve Chambers

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: vitamin C; ascorbic acid; ascorbate; pneumonia; community acquired pneumonia; oxidative stress; protein carbonyls; hypovitaminosis C; vitamin C deficiency

Online: 15 April 2020 (10:12:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Pneumonia is a severe lower respiratory tract infection that is a common complication and a major cause of mortality of the vitamin C-deficiency disease scurvy. This suggests an important link between vitamin C status and lower respiratory tract infections. Due to the paucity of information on the vitamin C status of patients with pneumonia, we assessed the vitamin C status of 50 patients with community-acquired pneumonia and compared these with 50 healthy community controls. The pneumonia cohort comprised 44 patients recruited through the Acute Medical Assessment Unit (AMAU) and 6 patients recruited through the intensive care unit (ICU); mean age 68 ± 17 years, 54% male. Clinical, microbiological and haematological parameters were recorded. Blood samples were tested for vitamin C status using HPLC with electrochemical detection and protein carbonyl concentrations, a marker of oxidative stress, using ELISA. Patients with pneumonia had depleted vitamin C status compared with healthy controls (23 ± 14 µmol/L vs 56 ± 24 µmol/L, P <0.001). The more severe patients in the ICU had significantly lower vitamin C status than those recruited through AMAU (11 ± 3 µmol/L vs 24 ± 14 µmol/L, P = 0.02). The total pneumonia cohort comprised 62% with hypovitaminosis C and 22% with deficiency, compared with only 8% hypovitaminosis C and no cases of deficiency in the healthy controls. The pneumonia cohort also exhibited significantly elevated protein carbonyl concentrations compared with the healthy controls (P < 0.001), indicating enhanced oxidative stress in the patients. We were able to collect subsequent samples form 28% of the cohort (mean 2.7 ± 1.7 days; range 1-7 days). These showed no significant differences in vitamin C status or protein carbonyl concentrations compared with baseline values (P = 0.6). Overall, the depleted vitamin C status and elevated oxidative stress observed in the patients with pneumonia indicates an enhanced requirement for the vitamin during their illness. Due to the important roles that vitamin C plays in the immune system, low vitamin C status is possibly both a cause and a consequence of the disease. Therefore, these patients would likely benefit from additional vitamin C supplementation to restore their blood and tissue levels to optimal. This may decrease oxidative stress and aid in their recovery.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0382.v1

Neuroinvasive Potential of A Primary Respiratory Pathogen SARS-CoV2: Exploring the Underrecognized

Durjoy Lahiri, Ritwick Mondal, Shramana Deb, Deebya Bandopadhyay, Gourav Shome, Sukanya Sarkar, Subhas C. Biswas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; ACE2; SARS-CoV; neurological disorders; phylogenetic perspective; coronavirus; CNS; PNS

Online: 21 April 2020 (08:30:59 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

The PDZ-binding Motif of SARS-CoV Envelope Protein Induces Cancerization and Poor Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma

Long Chen, Li Zhong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV; PBM; envelope protein; LUAD; bioinformatics

Online: 12 March 2020 (09:28:43 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0018.v1

Spatial Distribution of COVID-19 in Shahroud, Iran Using GIS

Marjan Ghanbarian, Sepideh Mahdavi, Mostafa Enayatrad, Fariba Zare, Mostafa MajidNia, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Ali Hosseinzadeh, Reza Chaman, Ahmad Khosravi, Ehsan Binesh, Hossein Sheibani, Hamidreza Khajeha, Marzieh Rohani-Rasaf

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; geographic information systems (GIS); Shahroud; Iran

Online: 3 July 2020 (08:27:23 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Identifying COVID-19 by Using Spectral analysis of Cough Recordings: A Distinctive Classification Study

Negin Manshouri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; Cough; Signal processing; STFT; MFCC; SVM

Online: 13 January 2021 (11:09:03 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Sound signals from the respiratory system are largely the harbingers of human health. Early diagnosis of respiratory tract diseases is of great importance as it creates irreversible effects on human health when delayed. This diagnostic in the medical world has been made possible thanks to machine learning and signal processing analysis. The coronavirus epidemic, which is in question today and deeply shakes the whole world, has been revealed the importance of this issue even more. In terms of the coronavirus pandemic, it has become the focus of researchers to differentiate symptoms from similar diseases such as normal flu or influenza. Among these symptoms, the difference in cough sound has played a distinctive role in the proposed study. Several pioneering studies have proven that almost two-thirds of people who get corona have a dry cough. At this stage, the information of studies based on cough constitutes the main framework of our study. On the other hand, the basis of this study is based on machine learning algorithms. Clinical data collected under the supervision of doctors in a reliable environment was used as dataset. This dataset consists of 16 subjects suspected of the coronavirus with a specific patient demographic. In this study, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, suspected subjects were divided into two groups as negative and positive. The negative and positive labels represent the patient with non-COVID and with a COVID-19 cough respectively. Using the 3D plot or waterfall representation of the signal frequency spectrum, the salient features of the cough data are revealed. In this way, COVID-19 can be differentiated from other coughs by applying effective feature extraction and classification techniques. Power Spectral Density (PSD) based on Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) were chosen as the efficient feature extraction method. Finally, among the classification techniques the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, was applied to the processed signals in order to identify and classify COVID-19 cough. In terms of results evaluation, the cough of subjects with COVID-19 has obtained with 95.86% classification accuracy thanks to the RBF kernel function of SVM and the MFCC method. In other words, the diagnosis of COVID-19 coughs was obtained with 98.6% and 91.7% sensitivity and specificity measures respectively.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0124.v1

Data-driven Analytical Models of COVID-2019 for Epidemic Prediction, Clinical Diagnosis, Policy Effectiveness and Contact Tracing: A Survey

Ying Mao, Susiyan Jiang, Daniel Nametz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; Epidemic Prediction; Clinical Diagnosis; Policy Effectiveness; Contact Tracing

Online: 7 July 2020 (10:06:05 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0201.v1

Coronavirus (Covid-19): The Lockdown Strategy in Nigeria

Ehijiele Ekienabor

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; lockdown; social distancing

Online: 11 May 2020 (13:26:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0317.v2

Minimum Size of Respiratory Droplets Containing SARS-CoV-2 and Aerosol Transmission Possibility

Byung Uk Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); COVID19; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; bioaerosol; aerosol

Online: 30 April 2020 (05:30:30 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0131.v1

A Comprehensive Review of the Cross-Disciplinary Impact of COVID-19 in India

Pranjali Dhawal, Shruti Kakodkar, Rasika Pawar, Shraddha Bhome, Siddhivinayak Barve

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Social Distancing; India; Economy; Education

Online: 11 June 2020 (11:39:49 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0267.v2

Trends in Intensive Care for Patients with COVID-19 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland

James C Doidge, Paul R Mouncey, Karen Thomas, Doug W Gould, Paloma Ferrando-Vivas, Manu Shankar-Hari, David A Harrison, Kathryn M Rowan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; intensive care; trends; United Kingdom; mortality; mechanical ventilation

Online: 9 September 2020 (09:28:49 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper REVIEW

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: ‘Warp Speed’ Needs Mind Melds not Warped Minds

John P. Moore, P. J. Klasse

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; S-protein; RBD; COVID-19; neutralizing antibodies; serology; vaccines; animal models; Warp Speed

Online: 21 June 2020 (15:44:06 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0512.v2

The Structure of the Membrane Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Resembles the Sugar Transporter semiSWEET

Sunil Thomas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; virus; sugar transporter; SemiSWEET; membrane glycoprotein

Online: 4 May 2020 (18:14:23 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0014.v2

Estimation of the Odds Ratio in Vaccinated Individuals and Determination of Vaccine Efficacy against Sars-CoV-2 Infection in Angola – Part I

Santland Sebastião Alberto De Lemos, José Belchior Da Silva, Carlos Alberto Pinto De Sousa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Odds ratio; vaccine efficacy; SARS-CoV-2; Angola

Online: 2 August 2022 (12:25:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Introduction: Studies conducted in real-life scenarios on vaccine protection against COVID-19 constitute an important global priority, but one that is currently mostly neglected in low- and middle-income countries such as Angola. Here, we analyze for the first-time vaccine protection against COVID-19 in a real-life scenario after 6 months of implementing a multi-vaccination plan in Angola, providing estimation of odds ratios in vaccinated individuals and vaccine efficacy against infection by SARS-CoV-2 in a period that coincided with the identification of the Omicron variant in the country. Methods: We used a negative test case-control design to assess the effectiveness of vaccination against confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 4.232 vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with the result of a rapid antigen diagnostic test against SARS-CoV-2 performed from December 27 to 28, 2021 were included in the study. Data were extracted from the Digital Vaccination Record Platform (Rediv) of the Ministry of Health of Angola. All ethical procedures related to the authorization necessary to carry out the study were followed. Statistical analyzes were performed using version 7.5.2.0 of CDC's Epi Info. Frequency distributions and measures of central tendency were used to characterize the study universe. The general and sex-adjusted and age-adjusted odds ratios, were evaluated by comparing the chances of vaccination between cases and controls, and their associated 95% CI, which were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel stratification method. The risk classification of Axel Kroeger, Piscoya and Alarcon was used to interpret the odds ratio. The Breslow-Day statistic was used to assess the homogeneity of the odds ratios. Vaccine efficacy was calculated using the odds ratio applying the accepted statistical vaccine efficacy formula:(1 − odds ratio) × 100. For all estimates, a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The population consisted of 63.63% male and 36.37% female. The mean age was 36 years with a standard deviation of 13. 83. Regarding vaccination status, 83.27% of individuals were vaccinated and 16.73% were unvaccinated, with 21.81% positive and 78.19% negative for SARS -CoV-2. The odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection were 0.85 (95% CI 0.70 – 1.03) times lower in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals, with P=0.09. The overall vaccine efficacy (VE) was 15% (95% CI -3 – 30). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant decrease in the chances of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals. However, the overall vaccine efficacy was 15%.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0272.v1

Multicentric Study on the Effect of Rectal Ozone on COVID-19: the Spanish and Slovakian Experience.

Marcos Fernandez-Cuadros, Maria Jesus Albaladejo-Florin, Olga Pérez-Moro, Javier Rodríguez-de-Cía, Alberto Hernández, Sandra Alava-Rabasa, Darraj Mohammed, Alzbeta Gondzurova, Martin Molnar, Monika Kulinova, Juraj Vyletelka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Ozone; Ozone therapy; pneumonia; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; rectal insufflation

Online: 19 March 2022 (03:35:45 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Objective: To evaluate the effect of rectal Ozone (O3) in severe COVID-19 pneumonia in two different cohorts differing in location (Madrid vs Zilina), ethnicity (Slovakian vs Spanish cohorts) and age. Material and Methods: In a multicenter-study, 32 severe bilateral-COVID-19-pneumonia patients and (+) RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated (16 from each cohort). Primary outcomes: a) clinical (O2-saturation); b) biochemical (Lymphocyte-count, Fibrinogen, D-Dimer, Urea, Ferritin, LDH [lactate dehydrigenase], IL-6 and CRP [c-reactive protein]); and c) radiological improvement. Secondary outcomes: a) days-of-hospitalization, b) mortality-rate before discharge. The Ozone-protocol consisted of 10 sessions of intra-rectal Ozone, total dose 5.25 mg (150 mL volume, 35 g/ml concentration). The Standard-of-care protocol included O2 supply, antivirals (Remdesivir / Isoprinosine), corticosteroids (Dexamethasone / Metilprednisolone), monoclonal antibodies (Anakinra / Tocilizumab), antibiotics (Azytromicine), anticoagulants (Enoxaparine / Fraxiparine). Protocol was approved by Health Care Ethics Committee (Report 15/4/2020) of our Hospital and by Ethics Committee for Medical Investigation of La Princesa’s Hospital (ACTA CEIm 12/20, 28/5/20, Registry 4146). Results: Patients in Slovakian cohort were younger (53.38 vs 84.69 years). Grade of severity was worse in Spanish-cohort (4.78 vs 3.30 points). Length of stay was superior in Spanish-cohort (27.38 vs 10.07 days). Both cohorts improved O2-saturation and Lymphocyte-count. Inflammation biomarkers (Fibrinogen, D-Dimer, Urea, Ferritin, LDH, CRP and IL-6) decreased in both cohorts. In Spanish-cohort, Urea and Ferritin improvement was not significant (p>0.05), while in Slovakian-cohort, Urea, Fibrinogen and LDH were not significant (p>0.05) Radiological signs of bilateral pneumonitis decreased on both cohorts. Mortality was similar (12.5%). Conclusion: After Standard of care protocol, Rectal Ozone improved O2-saturation, decreased inflammation biomarkers and improved Taylor’s radiological scale in both cohorts. Although age, grade of severity and days of hospitalization were inferior in Slovakian cohort, mortality was similar in both cohorts, but inferior if compared to an external control cohort.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0524.v1

From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID

Pablo Gonzalez-Garcia, Ornella Fiorillo Moreno, Eloina Zarate Peñate, Alejandro Calderón-Villalba, Lisandro Pacheco Lugo, Antonio Acosta Hoyos, Jose Luis Villarreal Camacho, Roberto Navarro Quiroz, Leonardo Pacheco Londoño, Gustavo Aroca Martinez, Noelia Moares, Antonio Gabucio, Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce, Francisco Garcia-Cozar, Elkin Navarro Quiroz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Long COVID; Cytopathy; cytokine storm; sequelae; PASC; coronavirus; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; cell dysfunction

Online: 30 March 2023 (05:09:50 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0072.v1

Microbial Pattern and Antibiotic Resistance of Severe Pneumonia in A National Referral Hospital in Indonesia

Gurmeet Singh, Nova Bornida Fauzi, Sudirman Fakhruddin Masse, Dita Aditianingsih, Adhrie Sugiarto, Tonny Loho, Dewi Wulandari

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: antibiotic resistance; Acinetobacter baumannii; severe pneumonia

Online: 4 March 2022 (03:15:35 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0663.v1

At “Half Mask” or “Nose Commando:” A Note Demonstrating Nasal Breaths Can Spread Microorganisms When Improperly Wearing a Mask During COVID-19

Robert Wolff

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Mask; PPE; Bacteria; Nasal; Breath; Bacterial Culture; bioaerosols; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; hygiene behavior; face mask

Online: 30 August 2020 (11:41:33 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0368.v1

Evaluation of Protection Level and Safety of Commercially Available Snorkel Masks as Personal Protection Devices against Aerosolized Contaminants and SARS-CoV2

Peter Germonpre, Dirk Van Rompaey, Costantino Balestra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV2; personal protection devices; snorkel masks; safety test

Online: 23 May 2020 (10:18:39 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Lung Damage Mechanisms For COVID-19 and Other Lung Infections, and Driving Force in Leukecyte Recruitment and Migration

Jianqing Wu, Ping Zha

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19; lung damage mechanisms; leukecyte recruitment; viral infection; immune response; temperature and humidity; interstitial pressure change

Online: 9 September 2020 (11:32:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

To understand lung damage caused by COVID-19, we deduced two-phase lung damage mechanisms. After the lungs are infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus, the affected lung tissue swells and surface properties of pulmonary capillaries change, resulting in an increased flow resistance of affected capillaries. If a sufficient number of capillaries are affected by the infection, the swelling and increased cell wall adhesion collectively raise pulmonary vascular resistance. The increased vascular resistance further increases the dwell times of WBCs in affected capillaries and nearly capillaries. When pulmonary pressure is sufficiently higher, WBCs are forced to squeeze into interstitial spaces or alveolar spaces when local pressures are higher than what the capillaries can withstand. When more and more WBCs are dynamically retained, the flow resistance of more capillaries rises, pulmonary vascular resistance rises, and pulmonary pressure rises. The rise in the pulmonary pressure in turn results in elevated capillary pressures. When capillary pressures around the alveoli are sufficiently high, they cause interstitial pressures to change from normally negative values to positive values. The positive pressures cause fluid leakage to the alveolar space and thus degrade lung function. Tissue swelling, and occupation of WBCs in interstitial spaces and alveolar spaces further reduce compressible volume, and thus cause further rise in the pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary pressure. When the pulmonary pressure has reached a critical point as in the second phase, the blood breaks capillary walls and squeezes through interstitial spaces to reach alveolar spaces, resulting in irreversible lung damages. The available free volume in the thorax cage, organ usable capacities, temperature and humid are expected to have great impacts on degree of lung damages. The free volume in the thorax cage, lung usable surplus capacity, and other organ usable capacities determine the arrival time of last-phase irreversible damage. The mechanisms imply that the top priority for protecting lungs is maintaining pulmonary micro-circulation and preserving organ functions in the entire disease course while controlling viral reproduction should be stressed in the earliest time possible. The mechanisms also explain leukecytes are recruited and migrated into inflamed tissues by increasing their dwell times caused by increased local flow resistance.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0445.v2

Meta-Analysis: COVID-19 Disease Severity Correlates with Smoking Status

Edouard Lansiaux, Pierre-Philippe Pébaÿ, Jean-Laurent Picard, Joachim Son-Forget

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Respiratory Distress; Tobacco Smoking; Correlation Statistics; Conditional Probability; Regression; China; U.S.A.

Online: 27 July 2020 (05:59:51 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0342.v1

First Clinical Comparison of STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA and the QIAreachTM QuantiFERON-TB for Tuberculosis Infection in Tertiary Public Hospital in South America

Gustavo Saint-Pierre, Daniel Conei, Patricia Cantillana, Mariella Raijmakers, Andrea Vera, Daniela Gutierrez, Cristopher Kennedy, Paulina Peralta, Paulina Ramonda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Latent Tuberculoses; Latent Tuberculosis Infections; Koch's Disease; Interferon-gamma Release Assay; Tuberculin Tests; Rapid Diagnostic Test

Online: 20 February 2023 (13:37:31 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0161.v1

Average Mortality Rate of COVID-19 in Iran

Sajjad Baber

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID 19; mortality; Iran; pandemic

Online: 9 May 2020 (10:08:24 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0250.v1

Associations between Indoor Air Pollution and Acute Respiratory Infections among Under-Five Children in Afghanistan: Do SES and Sex Matter?

Juwel Rana, Jalal Uddin, Richard Peltier, Youssef Oulhote

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: socioeconomic status; indoor air pollution; acute respiratory infection; cooking fuel; under-five children

Online: 23 July 2019 (07:45:08 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Background: Low-income families often depend on fuels such as wood, coal, and animal dung for cooking. Such solid fuels are highly polluting and are a primary source of indoor air pollutants (IAP). We examined the association between solid fuel use (SFU) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) among under-five children in Afghanistan and the extent to which this association varies by socioeconomic status (SES) and gender. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on de-identified data from Afghanistan’s first standard Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2015. The sample consists of ever-married mothers with under-five children in the household (n=27,565). We used mixed-effect Poisson regression models with robust error variance accounting for clustering to examine the associations between SFU and ARI among under-five children after adjusting for potential confounders. We also investigated potential effect modification by SES and sex. Additional analyses were conducted using an augmented measure of the exposure to IAP accounting for both SFU and the location of cooking/kitchen (High Exposure, Moderate, and No Exposure). Results: Around 70% of households reported SFU, whereas the prevalence of ARI was 17.6%. The prevalence of ARI was higher in children living in households with SFU compared to children living in households with no SFU (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]= 1.10; 95%CI: 0.98, 1.23). We did not observe any effect modification by SES or child sex. When using the augmented measure of exposure incorporating the kitchen’s location, children highly exposed to IAP had a higher prevalence of ARI compared to unexposed children (aPR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.32). SES modified this association with the strongest associations observed among children from the middle wealth quintile. Conclusion: The findings have significant policy implications and suggest that ARI risk in children may be reduced by ensuring clean cookstove as well as clean fuels and acting on the socio-environmental pathways.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0116.v1

Forecasted Incidence, Intensive Care Unit Admissions and Projected Mortality Attributable to Covid-19 in Portugal, UK, Germany, Italy and France – 4 Weeks Ahead

Kathleen Carvalho, João Paulo Vicente, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, João Paulo Teixeira

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Time Series Prediction; ANN forecasting; New Coronavirus; COVID19 prediction cases; COVID19 prediction deaths; COVID19 prediction ICU, COVID19 Vaccination; COVID19 in Europe; COVID19 in Israel; COVID19 use of face mask.

Online: 6 May 2021 (16:58:01 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0041.v1

The Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs) and the Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Luigi Santacroce, Ioannis A. Charitos, Domenico M. Carretta, Emanuele De Nitto, Roberto Lovero

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemics, Molecular biology, Immunity, Pathology

Online: 2 October 2020 (13:24:16 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0338.v1

Yin-Yang Balance of ACE/ACE2 Pathways: The Rational for ACE2 Pathway Inhibitor Administration in SARS-CoV-2 Patients

Loris Zamai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2; (soluble) ACE2; eosinophil; asthma; IL-10; IL-6; Lung fibrosis; Ang (1-7); hypoxia; infarction; hypertension

Online: 23 March 2020 (06:29:42 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0509.v1

Antonio Tombolini, Roberto Scendoni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Forensic autopsy; Histopathology

Online: 31 May 2020 (20:50:18 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0296.v1

BODE Index Correlated with Charlson Comorbidity Index and Medical Burden in COPD

Li Chin Ling, Lin Mei-Hsin, Tsai Yuh-Chyn, Chen Pei-Shiuan, Shen Lien-Shi, Kuo Ho-Chang, Liu Shih-Feng

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; bode index; charlson comorbidity index; medical burden

Online: 26 September 2019 (09:58:37 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0477.v1

The Immunogenicity and Safety of Rsv Vaccines in Development: A Systematic Review

Jing Shan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: respiratory syncytial virus vaccine; clinical trial; safety and immunogenicity; RSV promising vaccine

Online: 31 May 2020 (16:07:57 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0149.v1

Early Prediction of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in ICU Patients Using An Interpretable Machine Learning Algorithm

Maxime Faucher, Satish Casie Chetty, Sepideh Shokouhi, Gina Barnes, Keyvan Rahmani, Jacob Calvert, Qingqing Mao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: critical care; artificial intelligence; predictive analytics; VAP; interpretable models

Online: 10 June 2022 (04:43:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0087.v2

Energy Conversion Monitoring in Skin Tissue: A More Sensitive Measure of Hypoxia Occurring With Sleep Disordered Breathing Than Pulse Oximetry

Guy M. Hatch, Liza Ashbrook, Aric A. Prather, Andrew D. Krystal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: tissue hypoxia; sleep disordered breathing; primary snoring; molecular tissue oximeter

Online: 16 August 2019 (06:27:46 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0293.v1

Advances in Non-invasive Biosensing Measures to Monitor Wound Healing Progression

Walker Short, Oluyinka Olutoye, Benjamin Padon, Umang Parikh, Daniel Colchado, Hima Vangapandu, Shayan Shams, Taiyun Chi, Jangwook Jung, Swathi Balaji

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: extracellular matrix; biosensing; machine learning; wound healing

Online: 22 March 2022 (03:50:47 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0225.v1

Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Arbidol in Patients with COVID-19

Yujiao Bai, Xianqin Zhang, Meng Yang, Lin Zhang, Xu Jia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-Cov-2; arbidol; treatment

Online: 26 April 2022 (04:07:48 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0137.v1

FAIR Sharing of Reproducible Models of Epidemic and Pandemic Forecast

Kausthubh Ramachandran, Matthias König, Martin Scharm, Tung V. N. Nguyen, Henning Hermjakob, Dagmar Waltemath, Rahuman S. Malik Sheriff

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: FAIR; epidemiology; models; pandemic forecast; SIR modelling; standards

Online: 9 June 2022 (07:55:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0379.v1

Clues from the First Covid-19 Wave and Recommendations for Social Measures in the Future

Reinhard Schlickeiser, Martin Kröger

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: coronavirus; statistical analysis; extrapolation; parameter estimation; pandemic spreading

Online: 21 April 2020 (08:14:23 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0272.v1

The Combination of Molnupiravir with Nirmatrelvir or GC376 has a Synergic role in the Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Vitro

Anna Gidari, Samuele Sabbatini, Elisabetta Schiaroli, Sabrina Bastianelli, Sara Pierucci, Chiara Busti, Lucia Comez, Valeria Libera, Antonio Macchiarulo, Alessandro Paciaroni, Ilaria Vicenti, Maurizio Zazzi, Daniela Francisci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; molnupiravir; nirmatrelvir; GC376; PF-07321332; variant; synergy; an-tiviral

Online: 20 June 2022 (10:57:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0121.v1

Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework

Laure-Alix Clerbaux, Maria Cristina Albertini, Núria Amigó, Anna Beronius, Gillina F.G. Bezemer, Sandra Coecke, Evangelos P. Daskalopoulos, Giusy Del Giudice, Dario Greco, Lucia Grenga, Alberto Mantovani, Amalia Muñoz, Elma Omeragic, Nikolaos Parissis, Mauro Petrillo, Laura A. Saarimäki, Helena Soares, Kristie Sullivan, Brigitte Landesmann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection; COVID-19; modulating factors; Adverse Outcome Pathway; sex; age; co-morbidities; lifestyle; environment; pre-existing conditions

Online: 8 June 2022 (09:47:23 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0165.v1

Longitudinal Randomized Cohort Study of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in the St. Petersburg Population

Viacheslav S. Smirnov, Liudmila V. Lyalina, Andzhelica M. Milichkina, Irina V. Khamitova, Elena V. Zueva, Valery A. Ivanov, Vitaly S. Zaguzov, Areg Artemovich Totolian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; seroprevalence; antibodies; nucleocapsid antigen; antigen receptor binding domain; seropositivity; St. Petersburg; volunteers; vaccination

Online: 18 April 2022 (10:42:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Since the detection of the first COVID-19 patient, 2 years have passed, during which more than 287,862,000 people fell ill globally, of which about 1.9% died. Implementation of SARS-CoV-2 control programs required efforts from almost all countries. An important direction in the fight against COVID-19 was the formation of herd immunity, the main tool for managing the pandemic. Study goal: to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies (Abs) to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nc) and receptor binding domain (RBD) in the St. Petersburg population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. A longitudinal cohort randomized monitoring study of Ab seroprevalence (SARS-CoV-2 Nc, RBD) was organized and conducted according to a unified methodology developed by Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute. For this purpose, a cohort of 1000 volunteers was formed who participated in all five stages of seromonitoring. The cohort was divided into 7 age groups: 1-17; 18-29; 30-39; 40-49; 50-59; 60-69; 70; and older (70+) years. Seropositivity levels (Nc, RBD) were assessed by quantitative and qualitative enzyme immunoassays. During the 2nd year of monitoring, some volunteers were vaccinated with the GamCOVIDVac (84%) or EpiVacCorona (11.6%) vaccines approved in Russia. Statistical processing was carried out using the Excel 2010 software package. Confidence intervals for shares and percentages (95% CI) were calculated using the method of A. Wald and J. Wolfowitz with adjustment (A. Agresti, B.A. Coull). The statistical significance of differences was calculated by z-test, using the appropriate online calculator (p<0.05), unless indicated. Results. There was a trend towards: an increase in Nc seropositivity in stages 1-3 of seromonitoring, with a decrease in stages 4-5 among children and adults. The share of RBD seropositive steadily increased during all 5 stages of seromonitoring. The most frequently found were low anti-RBD Abs levels (22.6-220 BAU/ml). High Ab levels were recorded statistically significantly less frequently. Asymptomatic forms were observed in 84-88% of SARS-CoV-2 seropositive volunteers. By the 5th stage of monitoring, this indicator significantly decreased to 69.8% (95% CI: 66.1-73.4). The monitoring revealed a statistically significant increase in anti-RBD Abs, alongside a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of Nc seropositive. This dynamic was especially characteristic of persons vaccinated with GamCOVIDVac. Conclusion. Prior to the use of specific vaccines, a seroprevalence of anti-Nc Abs was noted. After the introduction of the GamCOVIDVac vaccine in adults, a decrease in the level of anti-Nc Abs was noted due to an increase in the proportion of RBD seropositive persons.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0054.v1

Impacts of COVID-19 on Accessibility of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: Scoping Review

Josphat Nkole, Muyembe Chisotwa, Rachael Chikumbi, Francis Bota, Mainga Mulemwa, Margareta Kasonde, Chofwe Musele, Nkisu Kasapatu, Brian Chanda Chiluba

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: family planning service and COVID-19; maternal; Neonatal and child health service and COVID-19; sexual behaviour and COVID-19; SARSCOVID-2 and family planning

Online: 6 June 2022 (03:39:05 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Introduction: Since its discovery in late 2019, the novel coronavirus (SARSCOVID-2) that causes COVID-19 has spread fast, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to designate the disease a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020.The epidemic has profoundly altered the preexisting global sexual and reproductive health landscape .The virus’s load has put ordinary services in jeopardy and harmed other health priorities. This encompasses both the provision and the supply of contraceptives, sexual health, new born and maternal health services. This Scoping review therefore mapped the availability evidence on the impact and effects of the COVID-19 disease outbreak on sexual and reproductive health. Methods: The methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley guided this scoping review. A literature search was conducted from the following databases: Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, WOS, and AJOL. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist were used to document the review process. The Strobe critical review checklist was used to determine the quality of the included studies. Results:19 studies were reviewed, out of which 4 were cross sectional studies, 1 was an observational study, 1 was a descriptive analytical study and the rest were qualitative studies .Majority of the studies showed evidence on the impact of COVID-19 and family planning service, maternal and child services, and three studies reported on COVID-19 and sexual behaviour. Five of the nineteen included studies reported on the impact of COVID-19 and family planning service. Conclusion: This scoping review has granted the assessment of the impact of novel SARS-CoV-2 on Sexual and reproductive health services with regards to sexual behaviour, family planning and maternal, neonatal and child health. From the 18 articles identified and reviewed, the overall responses stipulated a significant reduction in client’s utilization of services due to challenges experiences in service implementation such as stock outs. In addition, low demand for reproductive health services by clients due to restrictions imposed on the movements of people to curb the spread of the virus. It is therefore important that Governments and relevant stakeholders in Maternal and Sexual Reproductive Health prioritize development of policies and practices that protect women from the impacts of the pandemic. Furthermore, regular audits to detect trends in MSRH are necessary to inform on going mitigation efforts.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0194.v1

Experience of Isavuconazole as Salvage Therapy in Chronic Pulmonary Fungal Disease

Lisa Nwankwo, Desmond Gilmartin, Sheila Matharu, Ali Nuh, Jackie Donovan, Darius Armstrong-James, Anand Shah

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: antifungal resistance; isavuconazole; cystic fibrosis; pulmonary disease; Aspergillus fumigatus; pulmonary aspergillosis; respiratory disease; antifungal stewardship; therapeutic drug monitoring; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Online: 16 February 2022 (05:12:39 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Background: The burden of resistant fungal infection is rising in patients with pulmonary disease. Options for antifungal therapy are limited, and the only orally-available antifungals, the triazoles, demonstrate inter and intra-patient variability, non-linear kinetics, toxicity, drug interactions and increasing antifungal resistance. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole has been necessary to ensure their safety and efficacy, but is considered unnecessary for the newest triazole isavuconazole, use of which is increasing. Aims: To characterise isavuconazole susceptibility of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in a tertiary respiratory referral centre to understand prevalence of isavuconazole antimicrobial resistance. To retrospectively review experience of isavuconazole use in this setting, assessing tolerability and therapeutic drug monitoring. Methods: A retrospective observational analysis of adult patients with respiratory disease in a tertiary hospital setting between Sept 2016 and Aug 2021. Clinical cultures were collected and triazole Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were recorded (based on Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI method)). Isavuconazole trough drug levels were carried out as part of the standard of care. Clinical outcomes of treatment were evaluated, along with drug tolerance and TDM. Results: During the study period, isavuconazole susceptibility testing was performed on 26 Aspergillus spp isolates. 80.8% of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates were non-wild type and had isavuconazole MIC > 1mg/L, and 73.0% had MIC above the EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) of 2mg/L. There was good correlation between isavuconazole MIC and voriconazole MIC (r =0.7, p=0.0002). 54 patients had isavuconazole therapy over the study period with a median duration of 7.7 months (IQR 0.79 - 16.42). 67% of patients were able to tolerate isavuconazole, despite toxicity with prior azole treatment being the primary indication for use (in 61.8%). Increased age (r=0.29; p=0.03 (95%CI 0.02,0.52)) and gender (r for female sex=-0.31; p=0.027 (95%CI -0.52,0.036) were associated risk factors for development of adverse events (AEs). 127 Isavuconazole TDM levels were performed over the study period with 90% >1mg/L and 72% >2mg/L. Dose change from manufacturer’s dose recommendation, however, was required in 15% of patients to achieve a serum drug concentration above the EUCAST ECOFF or Area of technical uncertainty (ATU) value of 2mg/L. Conclusion: In our study, we show use of Isavuconazole as salvage therapy in chronic pulmonary fungal disease setting with high prevalence of azole resistance. Isavuconazole MICs demonstrated good correlation with voriconazole MICs suggesting the latter could be a useful surrogate marker for isavuconazole susceptibility. Although Isavuconazole achieved excellent serum drug concentrations at standard dose compared to other azole drugs, we highlight the importance of antifungal stewardship and TDM monitoring to optimise therapy in this setting.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0087.v1

Snoring: The Case for Molecular Tissue Oximetry

Guy M. Hatch, Liza Ashbrook, Aric A. Prather, Andrew D. Krystal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Tissue hypoxia; sleep disordered breathing; primary snoring; molecular tissue oximeter; tissue hyperoxia

Online: 7 March 2019 (10:19:48 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0383.v1

Associations Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization Among U.S. Adults

Stuart F. Quan, Matthew Weaver, Mark Czeisler, Laura Barger, Lauren Booker, Mark Howard, Melinda Jackson, Rashon Lane, Christine McDonald, Anna Ridgers, Rebecca Robbins, Prerna Varma, Shantha Rajaratnam, Charles Czeisler

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Obstructive Sleep Apnea; COVID-19; Hospitalization; Infection; Epidemiology

Online: 26 September 2022 (08:02:12 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0181.v1

Pathology Outlines of Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis Comparative with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Roxana-Elena Cîrjaliu, Mariana Deacu, Ioana Gherghișan, Angela-Ștefania Marghescu, Manuela Enciu, Gabriela-Izabela Băltățescu, Antonela Anca Nicolau, Doina-Ecaterina Tofolean, Oana Cristina Arghir, Ariadna Petronela Fildan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Covid-19; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; interstitial lung disease; pulmonary fibrosis

Online: 4 May 2023 (04:09:04 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0376.v1

Long COVID at Low and High Altitude: A Countrywide Epidemiological Analysis of Self-Reported Long-Term Persisting Symptoms in Ecuador

Juan S. Izquiero-Condoy, Raul Fernandez-Naranjo, Jorge Vásconez-González, Simone Cordovez, Andrea Tello-De-la-Torre, Clara Paz, Karen Delgado-Moreira, Sarah Carrington, Ginés Viscor, Esteban Ortiz-Prado

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; long-COVID; sequalae; symptoms; Latin America; high altitude

Online: 22 August 2022 (06:04:53 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Potential for Developing the SARS-CoV Receptor Binding Domain Recombinant Protein (RBD) as a Heterologous Human Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2

Wen-Hsiang Chen, Peter J. Hotez, Maria Elena Bottazzi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: heterologous vaccine; receptor-binding domain; subunit vaccine; coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 29 February 2020 (03:20:37 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0259.v1

MARS Glass: A Smart Personal Protective Wearable

Muthucumaru Maheswaran, Maiuri Maheswaran

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; Smart wearable; personal protective equipment; augmented reality

Online: 12 July 2020 (14:48:50 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0032.v1

S protein, ACE2 and Host Cell Proteases in SARS-CoV2 Cell Entry and Infectivity; Is Soluble ACE2 a Two Blade Sword?

Reza Nejat, Maziar Fayaz Torshizi, David J. Najafi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: ACE2; Ang II; angiotensin(1-7); AT1R; Cathepsin; cell entry; COVID-19; Endocytosis; ERK1/2; Furin; IL-1β; IL-6; MAPK; MasR; NF-κB; PLC; PKC; RAS; RBD; SARS-CoV2; S protein; TMPRSS2; TNF-α

Online: 2 December 2022 (02:19:48 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0069.v1

Sampling and Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Volatile Metabolites in Cellular Headspace and Mouse Breath

Theo Issitt, Sean T Sweeney, William J. Brackenbury, Kelly Redeker

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Volatile organic compound; VOC; headspace; breath; breath biomarker; volatile metabolite; breath diagnosis

Online: 6 May 2022 (09:27:04 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0512.v3

The Structure of the Membrane Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Resembles the Sugar Transporter semiSWEET

Sunil Thomas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; virus; sugar transporter; SemiSWEET; membrane glycoprotein

Online: 20 May 2020 (04:43:42 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0195.v2

Experimental Evaluation of Dry Powder Inhalers During In- and Exhalation Using a Model of the Human Respiratory System (xPULM™)

Richard Pasteka, Lara Schöllbauer, Joao Pedro Santos da Costa, Radim Kolar, Mathias Forjan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: airway model; DPI; inhalation; aerosol testing; drug delivery; porcine lung

Online: 22 December 2021 (12:09:20 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0046.v1

Targeted High Volume Hemofiltration Could Avoid Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Some Patients with Severe Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome

René López, Rodrigo Pérez-Araos, Álvaro Salazar, Mauricio Espinoza, Cecilia Vial, Analia Cuiza, Pablo A. Vial, Jerónimo Graf

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome; Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; transpulmonary thermodilution; high volume hemofiltration; Andes Hantavirus

Online: 5 July 2020 (05:24:11 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0195.v1

Targeting of Inhaled Therapeutics to the Small Airways: Nanoleucine Carrier Formulations

Danforth P. Miller, Thomas E. Tarara, Jeffry G. Weers

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: respirable agglomerates; inhaled corticosteroids; ciclesonide; particle engineering; dry powder inhaler; extrafine; total lung dose; Alberta Idealized Throat; Idealized Child Throat

Online: 13 October 2021 (10:52:57 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Medicine and Pharmacology