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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci2010016

Preparing for Satellite Laser Uplinks and Downlinks

Mark Dmytryszyn, Matthew Crook, Timothy Sands

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: telescopes; lightweight telescope mirrors; adaptive optics; better resolution; increased accuracy; more bandwidth; cluster of satellites; innovative platform; more capabilities into smaller packages; far-shorter time from click to customer

Online: 18 March 2020 (00:00:00 CET)

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The use of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (i.e., LASERs or lasers) by the U.S. Department of Defense is not new and includes laser weapons guidance, laser-aided measurements, even lasers as weapons (e.g., Airborne Laser). Lasers in support of telecommunications is also not new. The use of laser light in fiber optics shattered thoughts on communications bandwidth and throughput. Even the use of lasers in space is no longer new. Lasers are being used for satellite-to-satellite crosslinking. Laser communication can transmit orders-of-magnitude more data using orders-of-magnitude less power and can do so with minimal risk of exposure to the sending and receiving terminals. What is new is using lasers as the uplink and downlink between the terrestrial segment and the space segment of satellite systems. More so, the use of lasers to transmit and receive data between moving terrestrial segments (e.g., ships at sea, airplanes in flight) and geosynchronous satellites is burgeoning. This manuscript examines the technological maturation of employing lasers as the signal carrier for satellite communications linking terrestrial and space systems. The purpose of the manuscript is to develop key performance parameters (KPPs) to inform U.S. Department of Defense initial capabilities documents (ICDs) for near-future satellite acquisition and development. By appreciating the history and technological challenges of employing lasers rather than traditional radio frequency sources for satellite uplink and downlink signal carriers, this manuscript recommends ways for the U.S. Department of Defense to employ lasers to transmit and receive high bandwidth, large-throughput data from moving platforms that need to retain low probabilities of detection, intercept, and exploitation (e.g., carrier battle group transiting to a hostile area of operations, unmanned aerial vehicle collecting over adversary areas). The manuscript also intends to identify commercial sector early-adopter fields and those fields likely to adapt to laser employment for transmission and receipt.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci2020044

Lasers for Satellite Uplinks and Downlinks

Mark Dmytryszyn, Matthew Crook, Timothy Sands

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: telescopes; lightweight telescope mirrors; adaptive optics; better resolution; increased accuracy; more bandwidth; cluster of satellites; innovative platform; more capabilities into smaller packages; far-shorter time from click to customer

Online: 12 June 2020 (00:00:00 CEST)

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The use of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (i.e., LASERs or lasers) by the U.S. Department of Defense is not new and includes laser weapons guidance, laser-aided measurements, even lasers as weapons (e.g., Airborne Laser). Lasers in support of telecommunications is also not new. The use of laser light in fiber optics shattered thoughts on communications bandwidth and throughput. Even the use of lasers in space is no longer new. Lasers are being used for satellite-to-satellite crosslinking. Laser communication can transmit orders-of-magnitude more data using orders-of-magnitude less power and can do so with minimal risk of exposure to the sending and receiving terminals. What is new is using lasers as the uplink and downlink between the terrestrial segment and the space segment of satellite systems. More so, the use of lasers to transmit and receive data between moving terrestrial segments (e.g., ships at sea, airplanes in flight) and geosynchronous satellites is burgeoning. This manuscript examines the technological maturation of employing lasers as the signal carrier for satellite communications linking terrestrial and space systems. The purpose of the manuscript is to develop key performance parameters (KPPs) to inform U.S. Department of Defense initial capabilities documents (ICDs) for near-future satellite acquisition and development. By appreciating the history and technological challenges of employing lasers rather than traditional radio frequency sources for satellite uplink and downlink signal carrier, this manuscript recommends ways for the U.S. Department of Defense to employ lasers to transmit and receive high bandwidth, large-throughput data from moving platforms that need to retain low probabilities of detection, intercept, and exploitation (e.g., carrier battle group transiting to a hostile area of operations, unmanned aerial vehicle collecting over adversary areas). The manuscript also intends to identify commercial sector early-adopter fields and those fields likely to adapt to laser employment for transmission and receipt.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0034.v1

Localization in Low Power Wide Area Networks using Wi-Fi Fingerprints

Thomas Janssen, Maarten Weyn, Rafael Berkvens

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: localization; internet of things; low power wide area networks; Wi-Fi; sigfox; fingerprinting

Online: 14 July 2017 (11:30:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0234.v1

A 35 MHz/105 MHz Dual-Element Focused Transducer for Intravascular Ultrasound Tissue Imaging Using the Third Harmonic

Junsu Lee, Ju-Young Moon, Jin Ho Chang

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: high-frequency ultrasound transducer; intravascular ultrasound; tissue harmonic imaging; dual-frequency IVUS transducer; dual-element IVUS transducer

Online: 14 June 2018 (11:46:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0239.v1

A Comprehensive Survey on Opportunistic Routing Protocols for MANETs: Issues, Challenges and Future Directions

Varun G Menon

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: ad hoc networks; classification; dynamic; mobility; opportunistic routing; performance improvement; review; survey

Online: 22 July 2019 (09:54:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0263.v1

Modeling and Analyzing Multi-tier Millimeter/Micro Wave Hybrid Caching Networks

Jihong Zhao, Shuyuan Zhao, Hua Qu, Gongye Ren

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Multi-tier hybrid caching networks; stochastic geometry; millimeter wave; average successful delivery probability; performance analysis

Online: 15 June 2018 (15:24:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0165.v1

Initial Results on Deep Learning-Based Pilot Contamination Mitigation in Massive MIMO Systems

Felipe Augusto Pereira de Figueiredo

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: massive MIMO; pilot contamination; deep learning; machine learning

Online: 14 August 2019 (16:01:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0011.v1

An Efficient FPGA-based Frequency Shifter for LTE/LTE-A Systems

Felipe Augusto Pereira de Figueiredo

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: LTE, LTE-A, 4G, PRACH, NCO, time-domain frequency shift, FPGA

Online: 1 July 2019 (11:52:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1140.v1

Review on Channel Estimation of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Wireless Communication System

Yun Yu, Jinhao Wang, Xiao Zhou, Chengyou Wang, Zhiquan Bai, Zhun Ye

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: wireless communication system; sixth generation (6G); reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS); channel estimation

Online: 16 June 2023 (07:31:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0173.v1

Performance Analysis of Large-Scale MU-MIMO With a Simple and Effective Chanel Estimator

Felipe Augusto Pereira de Figueiredo, Claudio Ferreira Dias, Eduardo Rodrigues de Lima, Gustavo Fraidenraich

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: massive MIMO; multi-cell; pilot contamination; channel estimation

Online: 16 August 2019 (07:16:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0550.v1

Optical Data Transmission at 44 Tb/s with a Single Integrated Chip Source

Mengxi Tan, Mike Xu, David Moss

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: microcombs; data transmission; filters; high bandwidth; optical

Online: 24 February 2021 (12:59:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1145.v1

Key Technologies for Beyond 100G Next Generation Passive Optical Network

Nan Feng, Mingyi Ma, Yinsong Zhang, Xiaochuan Tan, Zhe Li, Shao bo Li

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: next generation passive optical networks; beyond 100G; digital signal processing; infrastructure sharing technology; intelligent control management

Online: 16 August 2023 (20:29:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0514.v1

Compact UHF Circularly Polarized Multi-band quadrifilar antenna for CubeSat

Manh Thao Nguyen, Fabien Ferrero, Trinh Le Huy

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Circular Polarization; CubeSat; Multi-band Antenna; Antenna on Structure

Online: 8 May 2023 (10:26:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0247.v1

Mitigating Pilot Contamination with Scrambling Sequences

Felipe Augusto Pereira de Figueiredo

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: massive MIMO; pilot contamination; scrambling

Online: 25 June 2019 (08:43:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0169.v1

On the Distribution of an Effective Channel Estimator for Multi-Cell Massive MIMO

Felipe Augusto Pereira de Figueiredo, Claudio Ferreira Dias, Fabbryccio A. C. M. Cardoso, Gustavo Fraidenraich

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: massive MIMO; multi-cell; pilot-contamination; channel estimation

Online: 15 August 2019 (14:59:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0443.v1

Direction of Arrival (DoA) Estimation Performance for Satellite Applications with Spatial Correlation in a Multipath Environment

Mutmainnah Hasib, Sithamparanathan Kandeepan, Wayne S. T. Rowe, Akram Al-Hourani

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Direction of Arrival (DoA) Estimation; Multipath Environment; Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO); Low Earth Orbit (LEO); and Spatial Correlation

Online: 17 April 2023 (10:21:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0040.v1

Towards Outdoor Electromagnetic Field Exposure Mapping Generation Using Conditional GANs

Mohammed Mallik, Angesom Ataklity Tesfay, Benjamin Allaert, Esteban Egea Lopez, Jose-Maria Molina-Garcia Pardo, Redha Kassi, Joe Wiart, Davy P. Gaillot, Laurent Clavier

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: EMF exposure; conditional generative adversarial network; optimization

Online: 2 November 2022 (03:43:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1096.v1

A Survey on Artificial Intelligence based Internet of Vehicles utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Syed Ammad Ali Shah, Xavier N Fernando, Rasha Kashef

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Internet of vehicles; unmanned aerial vehicles; artificial intelligence; resource management; routing; machine learning

Online: 14 December 2023 (12:21:57 CET)

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The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) when augmented with internet is called internet of vehicles (IoV). In the IoV, vehicles have on board units (OBUs), use communication technologies and customized software to communicate with infrastructure around them. The vehicles can have permanent connectivity and global network awareness based on cloud computing. IoV technologies are still being assessed to ensure that the network is protected from attacks, supports a dynamic vehicular mobility scenarios and meets the low latency communication requirements between the vehicles and the surrounding infrastructure. To meet these strict Quality of Service (QoS) demands, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) play a vital role in IoV ecosystems. An UAV can serve as a mobile roadside unit (mRSU) to transmit data between vehicles, stationery RSUs and other UAVs. The UAVs have better line of sight (LOS) connections which result in better channel states and lower path loss than fixed RSUs. Although the inclusion of UAVs in vehicular networks has improved the system performance by providing better resource management and routing solutions, the traditional optimization techniques with their limitations are often not applicable. Therefore, in recent years, research community is integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into UAV based IoV ecosystem to better manage resource allocation, routing and mobility management issues to optimize the overall network performance. In this survey paper we review the existing research done in AI/ML based UAV-IoV networks and communications with focus on resource management and routing from year 2019 to 2023. We have studied different AI techniques, their training attributes and architectures in various research works. The limitations of AI-based approaches in terms of required computational resources, availability of real world data and AI models’ complexity for the UAV-IoV environment are also discussed. Finally, the future directions for UAV-IoV research opportunities that can leverage the full potential of AI are presented.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2186.v1

Protecting AODV Protocol from Black Hole Attack in WSN

Sana AKOURMIS, Youssef Fakhri, Moulay Driss Rahmani

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs); AODV; IDS (Intrusion Detection System); black hole attack; RREP (Route Reply) message; Security attack

Online: 30 June 2023 (08:58:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1814.v1

Twisted Silica Few-Mode Hollow GeO₂-Doped Ring Core Microstructured Optical Fiber

Anton V. Bourdine, Vladimir V. Demidov, Egishe V. Ter-Nersesyants, Grigori A. Pchelkin, Dmitriy N. Shurupov, Alexander V. Khokhlov, Alexandra S. Matrosova, Andrey I. Kashin, Sergei V. Bureev, Michael V. Dashkov, Alexander S. Evtushenko, Elena S. Zaitseva, Azat R. Gizatulin, Ivan K. Meshkov, Amogh A. Dyavangoudar, Ankur Saharia, Manish Tiwari, Alexander A. Vasilets, Vasiliy S. Elagin, Ghanshyam Singh, Konstantin V. Dukelskii

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: hollow ring core fiber; twisted microstructured optical fiber; chirality; silica GeO2-doped supporting elements; laser beam profile; laser-based few-mode optical signal transmission

Online: 25 May 2023 (14:56:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0657.v1

Physical Layer Security Performance Analysis of RIS-aided Cognitive Radio Networks

Zhangyu Liu, Ji Wang, Hao Jiang, Jun Wang, Xingwang Li, Wenwu Xie

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Intelligent reflecting surface; Cognitive radio; Physical layer security; Transmit beamforming; Artificial noise

Online: 21 April 2023 (02:27:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1291.v1

Exploring Object Size Estimation Through Low-Cost Drone Technology

Paweł Romaniuk, Khalid Saeed, Rahma Boucetta

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Low-cost UAV; Low-cost UAS; drone measurement; object size estimation; high-resolution satellite images; measurement accessibility

Online: 19 June 2023 (05:01:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1769.v1

Personalized Federated Learning with Adaptive Feature Extraction and Category Prediction in non-IID Datasets

Ying Hsun Lai, Shin Yeh Chen, Wen Chi Chou, Hua-Yang Hsu, Han-Chieh Chao

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: personalized federated learning; client drift; non-IID Datasets; neural network

Online: 24 January 2024 (10:38:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0144.v1

On Scalability of FDD-based Cell-Free Massive MIMO Framework

Beenish Hassan, Sobia Baig, Saad Aslam

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: cell-free; massive MIMO; scalable FDD; angular reciprocity; dynamic cooperation clustering

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:11:23 CEST)

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Cell-free massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) has the potential of providing joint services including joint initial access, efficient clustering of access points (APs) and pilot allocation to user equipments (UEs) over large coverage area with reduced interference. In cell-free massive MIMO, large coverage area corresponds to provision and maintenance of scalable quality of service requirements for infinitely large number of UEs. The research in cell free massive MIMO is mostly focused on time division duplex mode due to availability of channel reciprocity which aids in avoiding feedback overhead. However, frequency division duplex (FDD) protocol still dominates the current wireless standards and the provision of angle reciprocity aids in reducing this overhead. The challenge of providing a scalable cell-free massive MIMO system in FDD setting is also prevalent, since computational complexity regarding signal processing tasks such as channel estimation, precoding/combining and power allocation, becomes prohibitively high with increase in number of UEs. In this work, we consider an FDD based scalable cell-free network with angular reciprocity and dynamic cooperation clustering approach. We have proposed scalability for our FDD cell-free and perform comparative analysis with reference to channel estimation, power allocation and precoding/combining techniques. We present expressions for scalable spectral efficiency, angle based precoding/combining schemes and provide comparison of overhead between conventional and scalable angle based estimation as well as combining schemes. Simulations confirm that the proposed scalable cell-free network based on FDD scheme outperforms the conventional matched filtering scheme based on non-scalable precoding/combiming schemes. The angle based LP-MMSE in FDD cell-free network provides 14.3% improvement in spectral efficiency and 11.11% improvement in energy efficiency compared to non-scalable MF scheme.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0532.v1

A Survey on IoT-Edge-Cloud Continuum Systems: Status, Challenges, Use Cases, and Open Issues

Panagiotis Gkonis, Anastasios Giannopoulos, Panagiotis Trakadas, Xavi Masip-Bruin, Francesco D' Andria

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: IoT; cloud-based operating systems; edge computing; machine learning; federated learning; task offloading; security and privacy; blockchain technology

Online: 8 November 2023 (09:49:07 CET)

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The rapid growth in the number of interconnected devices on the Internet (referred to as the Internet of Things – IoT), along with the huge volume of data that are exchanged and processed, has created a new landscape in network design and operation. Due to the limited battery size and computational capabilities of IoT nodes, data processing usually takes place on external devices. Since latency minimization is a key concept in modern era networks, edge servers that are in close proximity to IoT nodes gather and process related data, while in some cases data offloading in the cloud might have to take place. The interconnection of a vast number of heterogeneous IoT devices with the edge servers and the cloud, where IoT, edge and cloud converge to form a computing continuum, is also known as IoT-edge-cloud (IEC) continuum. Several key challenges are associated with this new computing systems architectural approach, including: i) design of connection and programming protocols aimed at properly manipulating a huge number of heterogeneous devices over diverse infrastructures; ii) design of efficient task offloading algorithms aimed at optimizing services execution; iii) support for security and privacy enhancements during data transfer to deal with the existent and even unforeseen attacks and threats landscape; iv) scalability, flexibility and reliability guarantees to face the expected mobility for IoT systems, and; v) design of optimal resource allocation mechanisms to make the most out of the available resources. These challenges become even more significant towards the new era of sixth generation (6G) networks, which will be based on the integration of various cutting edge heterogeneous technologies. Therefore, the goal of this survey paper is to present all recent developments in the field of IEC continuum systems, with respect to the aforementioned deployment challenges. In the same context, potential limitations and future challenges are highlighted as well. Finally, indicative use cases are also presented, from an IEC continuum perspective.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1656.v1

Laser-induced Graphene in Polyimide for Antenna Applications

Aivaras Sartanavičius, Justina Žemgulytė, Paulius Ragulis, Karolis Ratautas, Romualdas Trusovas

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: picosecond laser; graphene; LIG; antenna

Online: 23 May 2023 (12:28:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0980.v1

Development of a Decision Model for Korean OTT Service Users to Adopt Wireless D2D Caching Networks on Their Mobile Devices

Yumi Jang, Seongcheol Kim

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Mobile OTT service; wireless D2D caching networks; mobile communication technology; OTT content delivery; the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

Online: 15 May 2023 (05:32:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0689.v1

Cross-Tier Interference Mitigation for RIS-Assisted Heterogeneous Networks

Abdel Nasser Soumana Hamadou, Ciira Wa Maina, Moussa Moindze Soidridine

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: RIS; HetNet; Spectral Efficiency; Cross-tier Interference; Optimization; MIMO

Online: 10 May 2023 (04:54:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0741.v1

Synchronizing TSN Devices via 802.1AS over 5G Networks

Anas Bin Muslim, Ralf Tönjes, Thomas Bauschert

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: tsn; time synchronization; 5G; 802.1AS

Online: 10 January 2024 (08:55:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0474.v1

SpaceSheep: Satellite Communications for Ovine Smart Grazing

Pedro Gonçalves, Daniel Corujo

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Animal monitoring; IoT; Alarm systems; Satellite communications

Online: 18 April 2023 (03:54:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0343.v1

Design and Implementation of a Versatile openHab IoT Testbed with a Variety of Wireless Interfaces and Sensors

Sotirios Tsakalidis, George Tsoulos, Dimitrios Kontaxis, Georgia Athanasiadou

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: IoT; OpenHAB; Sensors; Wireless communication; Energy efficiency; Occupant comfort; Smart building; Data analysis

Online: 5 June 2023 (16:04:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1247.v1

A Double-Threshold Channel Estimation Method Based on Adaptive Frame Statistics

Canghai Song, Xiao Zhou, Chengyou Wang, Zhun Ye

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: channel estimation; orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM); adaptive frame statistics (AFS); double-threshold (DT)

Online: 16 June 2023 (13:45:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0470.v1

Research of a Fiber Sensor Based on Fiber Bragg Grating for Road Surface Monitoring

Gulzhan Kashaganova, Ainur Kozbakova, Timur Kartbayev, Gani Balbayev, Kulzhan Togzhanova, Zhuldyz Alimseitova, Sandugash Orazaliyeva

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: fiber sensor; fiber Bragg grating; monitoring; road surface; temperature; deformation

Online: 8 May 2023 (08:33:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0176.v1

Circular Polarization Annular Leaky-Wave Antenna with Conical and Broadside Beams

Yuchen Ma, Haijiao Yang, Junhong Wang, Ying Zhu, Chong Pan, Xiang Wu

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Annular leaky-wave antenna; conical and broadside beams; circular polarization

Online: 11 April 2023 (03:13:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0367.v1

Design of Antenna Polarization Plane for Concurrent Uplink/Downlink Drone Networks

Gia Khanh Tran, Takuma Okada

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Aerial base station; Multiple drones; Circular polarization; Two-ray model; Antennas

Online: 6 June 2023 (03:46:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0445.v1

Design and Analysis of Optomechanical Micro Gyroscope for Angular-Vibration Detection

Jamal N. A. Hassan, Wenyi Huang, Xing Yan, Senyu Zhang, Dingwei Chen, Guangjun Wen, Yongjun Huang

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Micro-gyroscopes; optomechanical; photonic crystal; angular vibration; dual-frame

Online: 8 October 2023 (10:38:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2086.v1

Fault Location Analysis of Optical Fiber Communication Link in High Altitude Area

KeHang Xu, ChaoWei Yuan

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: ultra-low loss fibers; OTDR; wavelet transform; fault detection; high altitude areas

Online: 31 July 2023 (09:59:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0489.v1

Development and Design of an Optical-Electronic System of Fiber-Optic Sensors Based on Inclined Fiber Bragg Gratings

Aliya Kalizhanova, Ainur Kozbakova, Waldemar Wojcik, Murat Kunelbayev, Zhalau Aitkulov

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: fiber-optic sensor; optoelectronic system; light source controller; optical power detector.

Online: 7 June 2023 (05:19:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1926.v1

A Deep Learning Framework for Adaptive Beamforming in Massive MIMO Millimeter Wave 5G Multicellular Networks

Spyros Lavdas, Panagiotis K. Gkonis, Efthalia Tsaknaki, Lambros Sarakis, Panagiotis Trakadas, Konstantinos Papadopoulos

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: 5G; mmWave; Massive MIMO; Machine Learning; Adaptive Beamforming; System Level Simulations.

Online: 28 July 2023 (03:22:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1142.v1

A new approach for DVHOP localization algorithm improvement in Wireless Sensor Network

Omar Arroub, Anouar Darif, Rachid Saadane, My Driss Rahmani, Zineb Aarab

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: WSN; DVHOP; Localization; Meta-heuristic algorithms; Simulated annealing; PSO

Online: 15 June 2023 (12:28:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1700.v1

Research on the Handover Strategy of Heterogeneous Network Based on the Dwell Time of Communication Blind Area

Cheng Zhang, Yanfeng Tang, Xiuzhuo Wang, Yan Zhang, Xiuyang Li

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: visible light communication; heterogeneous networking; ACO-OFDM; communication blind area; horizontal-vertical collaborative handover

Online: 24 May 2023 (05:19:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1749.v1

The advantage of the 5G network for enhancing the Internet of Things and the evolution of the 6G network

George Gkagkas, Dimitrios J. Vergados, Angelos Michalas, Michael Dossis

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: IoT (Internet of Things); 5G networks; MTC (Machine-Type Communication); D2D (Device to Device); wireless communication

Online: 22 December 2023 (13:36:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0751.v1

Sustainable Soundscape Monitoring of Modified Psycho-Acoustic Annoyance Model With Edge Computing for 5G IoT Systems

Jaume Segura-Garcia, Juan Jose Perez-Solano, Santiago Felici-Castell, Jose Montoya-Belmonte, Jesus Lopez-Ballester, Juan Miguel Navarro

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: 5G-enabled IoT; Sound Quality Metrics; Psycho-acoustic Annoyance; JND

Online: 23 April 2023 (03:46:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0158.v1

A Goal-Directed Trajectory Planning using Active Inference in UAV-Assisted Wireless Networks

Ali Krayani, Khalid Khan, Lucio Marcenaro, Mario Marchese, Carlo Regazzoni

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: UAVs; Wireless Networks; Trajectory Design; AI-enabled Radios; Active Inference

Online: 4 July 2023 (07:27:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0159.v1

Cognitive Radio Strategy Combined with MODCOD Technique to Mitigate Interference on Low Orbit Satellite Downlinks

Rodolfo Antonio da Silva Araujo, Luciano Barros Cardoso Da Silva, Walter Abrahaao Santos, Marcelo Lopes de Oliveira e Souza

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: cognitive radio; downlink throughput; low orbit satellite; MODCOD; spectral coexistence

Online: 4 July 2023 (07:30:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0790.v1

Pre-configured Error Pattern Ordered Statistics Decoding for CRC-Polar Codes

Xuanyu Li, Kai Niu, Yuxin Han, Jincheng Dai, Zhiyuan Tan, Zhiheng Guo

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: OSD; GRAND; channel decoding; polar code

Online: 9 August 2023 (14:27:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0073.v2

10-Port MIMO Inverted-F Antenna for LTE Bands 42/43/48/49 Bands Smartphone Applications

Muhammad Zahid, Aliya Khalid, Hira Moazzam, Hajra Sadaqat, Sultan Shoaib, Yasar Amin

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: antenna for handset; m-MIMO; sub-6 GHz; LTE bands 42/43/48/49; future generation

Online: 29 August 2023 (07:30:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0919.v1

Simultaneous Estimation of Azimuth and Elevation Angles Using a Decision Tree-Based Method

Anabel Reyes Carballeira, Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo, Jose Marcos C. Brito

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Direction of Arrival; Machine Learning; correlation matrix; Decision Tree; MUSIC 1. Introduction

Online: 13 July 2023 (10:25:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0821.v1

Hybrid FSO/RF Communications in Space–Air–Ground Integrated Networks: A Reduced Overhead Link Selection Policy

Petros S. Bithas, Hector E. Nistazakis, Athanassios Katsis, Liang Yang

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Composite fading; free space optical communications; hybrid FSO/RF communications; link selection; space-air-ground integrated networks

Online: 11 January 2024 (02:38:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1224.v1

Blockchain based Licensed Spectrum Fair Distribution Method Towards 6G-envisioned Communications

Mengjiang Liu, Qianhong Wu, Dawei Li, Yiming Hei

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: 6G; Licensed spectrum distribution; Blockchain; Fairness

Online: 18 July 2023 (14:16:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1724.v1

Future Intelligent Data link and Unit-Level Combat System Based on Global Combat Cloud

Xinyan Ma, Wei Li, Jian Zhong, Jinyu Li, Zheng Wang

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Combat Cloud; Data Link; Development Tendency; Unit-level Combat

Online: 22 December 2023 (10:14:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0718.v1

SecGPSR: A secure GPSR protocol for FANET against Sybil and Gray Hole Attacks

Mauro Tropea, Mattia Giovanni Spina, Abderrahmane Lakas, Panagiotis Sarigiannidis, Floriano De Rango

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: GPSR; FANET; Sybil attack; Gray Hole attack

Online: 11 December 2023 (17:54:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0105.v1

System-Level Assessment of Massive MIMO With RIS in C-RAN and IoT Networks in Sub-6 GHz, MM-Wave and THz Bands

João Pedro Pavia, Vasco Velez, Nuno Souto, M. Marques da Silva, Américo Correia

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: RIS; massive MIMO; system-level simulation; C-RAN; precoding; 5G and beyond 5G

Online: 4 December 2023 (02:52:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1772.v1

Feasibility of Ultra–Wideband Channels at Millimeter Wavelengths Faded by Rain in GeoSurf Satellite Constellations

Emilio Matricciani, Maurizio Magarini, Carlo Riva

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: baseband channel; GeoSurf constellation; interference; linear distortions; millimeter wavelengths; passband channel; rain attenuation; synthetic storm technique; time delay; ultra–wideband channels

Online: 26 July 2023 (10:22:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0614.v1

Iterative List Patterned Reed-Muller Projection Detection-based Packetized Unsourced Massive Random Access

Wenjiao Xie, Runhe Tian, Huisheng Zhang

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: machine-to-machine communications; complex Reed-Muller codes; unsourced massive random access; error correction code.

Online: 10 July 2023 (11:07:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0557.v1

A TSENet Model for Predicting Cellular Network Traffic

Jianbin Wang, Lei Shen, Weiming Fan

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Cellular network; WSNs; TSENet; Traffic predict; Self-attention aggregation

Online: 9 February 2024 (07:48:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0948.v1

Environmental Impact on RF and PLC for Advanced Metering Infrastructure in Smart Grids

Ons BenRhouma, Chiheb Rebai, Manel Ben-Romdhane, Dario Di Cara, Giovanni Artale, Nicola Panzavecchia

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: power-line communication; wireless communication; urban area; industrial area; rural area; electric grids, sensing and measurement

Online: 14 September 2023 (10:58:14 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0723.v1

Empowering Egypt: Unleashing 5G & Associated Economic Impact on GDP

Moutaz ElShahed, Moutaz ElShahed

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: 5G technology; digital transformation; Egypt

Online: 9 January 2024 (12:23:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0663.v1

IRS Assisted Hybrid Secret Key Generation

Meixiang Zhang, Ziyue Zhuang, Sooyoung Kim

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: secret key generation; intelligent reflecting surface; phase quantization

Online: 9 August 2023 (03:14:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0556.v1

Cross-layer Methods for Ad Hoc Networks Review and Classification

Valeriy Ivanov, Maxim Tereshonok

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: cross-layer methods; ad hoc networks; OSI; optimisation; classification; review

Online: 8 December 2023 (04:43:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1755.v1

Decision-Making Algorithm with Geographic Mobility for Cognitive Radios

Gabriel Brayan Cervantes-Junco, Enrique Rodriguez-Colina, Leonardo Palacios-Luengas, Michael Pascoe-Chalke, Pedro Lara-Velazquez, Ricardo Marcelín-Jiménez

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Cognitive-Radio, Decision-Making, Geographic Mobility in Cognitive Radio, Location and Handover Management

Online: 24 August 2023 (14:34:50 CEST)

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According to the cognitive radio (CR) paradigm, the efficient use of the radio spectrum is achieved by performing four main functions: spectral perception, spectral mobility, decision-making, and cooperation. In this work, a multivariable algorithm that considers geographic mobility (GM) is presented. The decision-making process includes a feedback mechanism for the dynamic selection of reservation channels in a wireless network with cognitive capabilities. Geographic mobility plays a crucial role in how radio takes advantage of its environment; however, it has been scarcely explored in the literature. In the present work, geographic mobility tests were carried out involving the interaction of CR and primary users (PU), where a measurement of the latency time of the proposed algorithm called: Algorithm for Decision-Making with Geographic Mobility (ATDeMoGeo) was evaluated and compared with other algorithms such as: Dijkstra's Algorithm, Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP), Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process (FAHP) and Decision-Making Algorithm with Modified Dijkstra (ATDDiM). It was found that the proposed algorithm is robust and that it considerably reduces the latency time to accurately determine the best communication channels, thanks to the decision-making function implemented to establish which channels the CRs can occupy. For the selection of the best reserve channels, a series of criteria were considered, such as: signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR), bandwidth (BW), probability of channel availability (AP), estimated channel time of availability (ETA) using the random waypoint mobility model (RWPM). These criteria are evaluated for two types of service, i.e., real time (RT) and best effort (BE). For the evaluation and validation of the ATDeMoGeo algorithm, a network with cognitive characteristics in NS-3 was simulated. The simulation scenarios consisted of a base station (BS) with mobile CRs and PUs. Based on the previous criteria, i.e., BW, SINR, AP and ETA, the BS assesses the spectrum occupancy information obtained by the CRs. The results show that the proposed algorithm can be used without problem for the proposed scenarios with higher speed and accuracy for the selection of better communication channels.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2278.v1

Robust Method for Unsupervised Scoring of Inmunohistoquemical Staining

Iván Durán-Díaz, Auxiliadora Sarmiento, Irene Fondón, Clément Bodineau, Mercedes Tomé, Raúl V. Durán

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Histopathological images; Principal Component Analysis; Unsupervised Stain Separation; Semi-quantitative scoring

Online: 29 December 2023 (10:37:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2178.v1

Predictive Modeling of Delay in an LTE Network by Optimizing the Number of Predictors Using Dimensionality Reduction Techniques

Mirko Stojčić, Milorad K. Banjanin, Milan Vasiljević, Dragana Nedić, Aleksandar Stjepanović, Dejan Danilović, Goran Puzić

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: delay; dimensionality reduction; LTE; VoIP; Neural Networks; Support Vector Machines; k-Nearest Neighbors; Feature Selection; Pareto 80/20 rule

Online: 30 June 2023 (07:38:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2154.v1

Energy-Efficient Opportunistic Routing Algorithm for Post-disaster Mine Internet of Things Networks

Qing Zhao, Wei Yang, Li Ya Zhang

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Mine Internet of Things (MIoT); post-disaster reconstruction; opportunistic routing (OR); data transmission; energy efficient; routing void

Online: 2 August 2023 (04:44:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0790.v1

Optimal Design of Group Orthogonal Phase Coded Waveforms for MIMO Radar

Tianqu Liu, Jinping Sun, Guohua Wang, Xianxun Yao, Yaqiong Qiao

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: waveform design; optimization; MIMO radar; group orthogonal; phase coded; radar counter-measures

Online: 10 January 2024 (11:07:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0646.v1

Exploring Effectiveness and Usability of Synthetic Sar Data in Real Classification Scenarios: A Case Study

Alessandro Centazzo, Andrea Quattrini, Achille Peternier, Tiziano Leidi, Paolo Pasquali

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation; CNN; SAR; Computer Vision; Remotesensing; DA; Artificial Intelligence; Classification; XAI

Online: 12 December 2023 (08:49:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1981.v1

Optimization of the Decision Criterion for Increasing the Bandwidth Utilization by Means of the Novel Effective DBA Algorithm in NG-PON2 Networks

Rastislav Róka

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: optical fiber networks; telecommunication services traffic control; scheduling algorithms; wavelength channel allocation; numerical simulation

Online: 28 June 2023 (09:46:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1069.v1

Multibeam Cylindrical Conformal Array in the Presence of Enhanced Mutual Coupling

Xianyang Lv, Yongwei Zhang, Quan Shi, Yanwei Fu, Murat Temiz, Ahmed El-Makadema, Hongliang Li

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: conformal array; cylindrical array; dual polarization; mutual coupling

Online: 16 November 2023 (10:29:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0018.v1

Investigating the Impact of Topology and Physical Impairments on the Capacity of an Optical Backbone Network

Alexandre Freitas, João Pires

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: network capacity; fiber assignment; random networks; optical networks; optical communications

Online: 1 March 2024 (05:40:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2053.v1

Frequency Shift Monitoring of Optical Filter Based on Optical Labels Over FTN-WDM Transmission Systems

Kaixuan Li, Tao Yang, Xue Wang, Sheping Shi, Liqian Wang, Xue Chen

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: optical labels; pilot tone; frequency shift monitoring; faster-than-Nyquist

Online: 29 September 2023 (04:11:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0574.v1

A NLOS Ranging Error Mitigation Method for 5G Positioning in Indoor Environments

Jingrong Liu, Zhongliang Deng, Enwen Hu

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: 5G positioning; Ziv-Zakai Bound; non-line-of-sight mitigation; location estimation

Online: 9 April 2024 (07:33:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0066.v1

Energy Efficient Power Allocation in Massive MIMO based on Parameterized Deep DQN

Shruti Sharma, Wonsik Yoon

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Convergence; multi-agent; reinforcement learning; reward; user association

Online: 3 October 2023 (08:50:12 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0358.v1

Transmit Power Minimization in Multihop AF Relay Systems with Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer

Kunju Kim, Derek Kwaku Pobi Asiedu, Prince Anokye, Eunkyung Kim, Kyoung-Jae Lee

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: multihop amplify-and-forward (AF) relays; power splitting (PS) ratio; simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)

Online: 6 November 2023 (14:23:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1974.v1

Software Platform for Comprehensive Testing of Transmission Protocols Developed in GNU Radio

Mihai Petru Stef, Zsolt Alfred Polgar

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: software testing; GNU Radio; software defined radio; communication protocols; networking environment; monitoring messaging; protocol buffer; performance evaluation

Online: 27 December 2023 (02:06:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1214.v1

Exploring UFMC Waveform for Last Meter Connectivity in 6G: A Street Lighting-Driven Approach with Enhanced Simulator for IoT Application Dimensioning

Véronique Georlette, Anne-Carole Honfonga, Michel Dossou, Véronique Moeyaert

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Visible Light Communication (VLC); 6G; IoT Applications; Smart Cities; Wireless Communication; Last Meter Connectivity; Open-Source Simulator; Application Dimensioning; Outdoor VLC Communication; Efficient Lighting LEDs

Online: 21 February 2024 (14:57:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1186.v1

Uav-Assisted Cooperative Noma and Ofdm Communication Systems: Analysis and Optimization

Xuan Thuc Kieu, Anh Le-Thi

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: UAV-NOMA; UAV-OFDM; Successive convex optimization SCO; Sum data rate; Block-coordinate gradient descent BCGD.

Online: 19 December 2023 (02:57:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1724.v1

Data Loss Prevention Method Based on Multiprotocol Connectivity for IoT

Hamza Takrouni, Larbi Talbi, Youcef Fouzar

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Edge Computing, Big Data, IoT Communications Protocols

Online: 29 February 2024 (11:06:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0265.v1

Duration of Rainfall Fades in GeoSurf Satellite Constellations

Emilio Matricciani, Carlo Giuseppe Riva

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: attenuation; fade duration; GeoSurf; millimeter waves; outage; rainfall; satellite constellation; uniformity index

Online: 5 February 2024 (15:32:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0722.v1

Performance Analysis of Single Light Source Bidirectional Visible Light Communication Reverse Reflection Link

Ying Zhang, Jiawei Ren, Kexin Li, Haibo Mou

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Visible light communications; uplink; moving retroreflective end; effective incidence angle

Online: 10 November 2023 (14:45:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1728.v1

Variable Doppler Starting Point Keystone Transform for Radar Maneuvering Target Detection

Wei Jia, Yuan Feng, Xingshuai Qiao, Tianrun Wang, Tao Shan

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: maneuvering target detection; range migration (RM); keystone transform (KT); sinc interpolation; variable Doppler starting point keystone transform (VDSPKT)

Online: 28 March 2024 (08:46:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0474.v1

A Survey on Green Enablers: Challenging Study for AI-based 5G Energy Efficiency Network

Zeinab Ezzedine, Ayman Khalil, Besma Zeddini, Habiba Ouslimani

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI); internet of things (IoT); key performance indicators (KPIs); machine learning (ML); quality of service (QoS); energy efficiency

Online: 7 April 2024 (10:50:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0109.v1

Shapley’s Value as a Resource Optimization Strategy for Digital Radio Transmission over IBOC FM

Mónica Rico Martínez, Juan Carlos Vesga Ferreira, Joel Carroll Vargas, María Consuelo Rodríguez, Andres Alejandro Diaz Toro, William Cuevas

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: IBOC; FM; Shapley; Optimization; Game theory

Online: 2 February 2024 (04:54:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0168.v1

Impact of Reducing Statistically Small Population Sampling on 2 Threshold Detection in FBG Optical Sensing

Gabriel Cibira, Ivan Glesk, Jozef Dubovan, Daniel Benedikovič

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: statistically small population sampling; two-sided sampling; one-sided sampling; 29 threshold detection; fiber Bragg gratings; FBG sensing; optical spectrum analysis;

Online: 4 March 2024 (13:37:33 CET)

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Statistical denoising techniques have been well studied, however many challenges still remain. This 9 article focuses on determining the least necessary number of significant samples in a statistical pop-10 ulation sampling, while minimizing the impact on the statistical detection of the fiber Bragg grating 11 (FBG) power spectra. This is achieved by using Bayesian decision making, small population statis-12 tics while excluding false detection. First, we investigate the impact of two-sided sliding window 13 technique applied near the cell under the test. The window size varies from 8 to 60 samples. The 14 considered maximum size of population sampling is connected with the number of wavelength 15 samples within the bandwidth of the symmetrical FBG power spectra peaks. Regarding the sym-16 metry of FBG power spectra peaks and the possible reduction of computational demands, we inves-17 tigate the impact of a one-sided sliding window. This enables to achieve less processing latency for 18 real time applications thus brings benefits to FBG-based fiber optical sensing. Both, two- and one-19 sided small population sampling techniques are then experimentally verified. Detection results are 20 analyzed in depth via calculating detection thresholds by using the small size window sliding along-21 side the waveband. From results achieved, it was found that the normality three-sigma rule does 22 not need to be followed while using the small population sampling. Experimental demonstrations 23 and analyses showed that the proposed concept of denoising and statistical threshold detection 24 based on the sliding window does not depend on the prior knowledge of probability distribution 25 functions of the FBG power spectra peaks level and background noise. We have also found that the 26 thresholds’ adaptability mainly depends on the statistical numerical characteristics of the above ad-27 ditive mixture of the FBG power spectra peaks signals and background noise.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1757.v1

Two-Timescale Design for RIS-Aided Multicell MIMO Systems with Transceiver Hardware Impairments

Shilong Zhang, Weiran Guo, Jianxin Dai, Feng Zhu

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Two-timescale, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO), transceiver hardware impairments (THWIs)

Online: 22 December 2023 (15:01:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0342.v1

Cross-Layer Optimization for Enhanced IoT Connectivity: A Novel Routing Protocol for Opportunistic Networks

Ayman Khalil, Besma Zeddini

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: cross-layer; message delivery; probabilistic routing; history-based algorithm

Online: 4 April 2024 (05:59:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0422.v1

Secrecy Analysis of a Mu-MIMO LIS-Aided Communication Systems Under Nakagami-M Fading Channels

Ricardo Coelho Ferreira, Gustavo Fraidenraich, Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo, Eduardo Rodrigues de Lima

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Large Intelligent Surfaces; Reflecting Surfaces; Mobile Communications; Nakagami-m Fading; Mu-MIMO systems

Online: 9 April 2024 (09:31:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0144.v1

Maximum Reliability for multi-UAV Cooperation Relay Systems

Ning Ning, Zhou Suiping, Bao Weimin, Li Xiaoping

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: UAV relaying platform; air ground communication; Line-of-Sight; path loss; bit error rate

Online: 2 April 2024 (08:26:56 CEST)

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