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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1173.v1

Viscoelastic Hertzian Impact — Feature Article

Ivan Argatov

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: impact problem; spherical impactor; Hertzian impact; Maxwell viscoelastic solid; asymptotic model; maximum contact force; impact duration; coefficient of restitution

Online: 17 April 2024 (17:02:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1179.v1

Quality-aware Signal Processing Mechanism for Long-term Heart Rate Monitoring

Win-Ken Beh, Yu-Chia Yang, An-Yeu Wu

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Photoplethysmography; Signal Quality Assessment; Healthcare

Online: 17 April 2024 (14:43:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1147.v1

Polarization and Incident Angle Independent Multifunctional and Multiband Tunable THz Metasurface Based on VO₂

Rehmat Iqbal, Cao Jie, Ubaid ur Rahman Qureshi, Zia Ur Rehman, Naveed Jafar

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Metasurface; Terahertz (THz); Polarization Conversion; Absorption; Polarization angle; vanadium dioxide (VO₂)

Online: 17 April 2024 (13:33:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1159.v1

Study on Fault Diagnosis Technology for Efficient Swarm Control Operation of Unmanned Surface Vehicles

Sangki Jeong, Min Kyu Kim, Heayong Pak, Yoon Chil Kim, Dae-Hyeong Ji

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs); Recurrent Neural Network (RNN); Long Short-Term Memory models (LSTM); Artificial Neural Networks (ANN-PID)

Online: 17 April 2024 (13:32:19 CEST)

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This study aimed to learn disturbance information to effectively control multiple small unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for marine research purposes at sea. The learned disturbance information was used to investigate the control of multiple USV swarms based on the leading–following formation technique. Numerous studies have already been conducted on swarm control using drones in the air; however, there has been a paucity of studies on swarm control in the sea. Contrary to swarm control in aviation, the fluid density of the sea is high, and the environment is constantly changing; thus, a robot system would be significantly affected by disturbances. This ultimately influences the maintenance of swarm formations and the accomplishment of missions [1,2]. Therefore, it is difficult to control numerous moving objects while maintaining a formation at sea by using the existing aerial drone swarm control technology. To solve this problem, we learned a long short-term memory (LSTM) model with time-series marine environmental data to predict maritime disturbances. Thereafter, the model was applied to a mission-based position control algorithm of each USV constituting the swarm to design a marine unmanned floating vessel swarm control system that can be applied to various marine environments. Specifically, to effectively control numerous small USVs for marine research purposes, ocean currents are learned using the LSTM algorithm, and the predicted ocean currents are used to generate a swarm USV control system for USV formations. In this study, a control system model of several small USVs equipped with two rear thrusters and a front lateral thruster was designed. The LSTM algorithm was learned using the previous ocean current data, and the velocity of the following ocean currents was predicted. The predictions were then used as a system disturbance to determine the thrust of the controller. To measure ocean currents in the sea when each USV moves, the velocity, azimuth, and position (latitude, longitude) data from the GPS mounted on the USV were used to measure the velocity and direction of the hull's movement. Further, the flow rate was measured using a flow rate sensor on a small USV. The USV movement and position were controlled using an artificial neural network-PID (ANN-PID) controller. This study entailed a comparative analysis of the designed USV model results and those generated by the simulator, including the behavior control rule of the USV swarm and the path of the actual USV swarm at sea. It was verified that the effectiveness of the USV mathematical model and behavior control rules. By comparing the movement path of the swarm USV with and without the disturbance learning algorithm and ANN-PID control algorithm applied to the designed simulator, the position error and maintenance performance of the swarm formation were analyzed, and the application results were compared.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1105.v1

Liquid Moisture Transport in Multilayer Fabric Sets for Firefighters Protective Clothing

Małgorzata Matusiak, Otgonsuren Sukhbat

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: liquid transport; comfort; firefighters protective clothing; Moisture Management Tester

Online: 17 April 2024 (12:13:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1139.v1

Deformation Prediction Model of Existing Tunnel Structures with Equivalent Layered Method‐Peck Coupled under Multiple Factors

Yifan Li, Changfu Huang, Hongjian Lu, Chao Mou

Subject: Engineering, Mining And Mineral Processing Keywords: deformation prediction model; multiple factors; equivalent layered method; peck; underpass tunnel; existing tunnel

Online: 17 April 2024 (12:03:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1099.v1

Clamping Pressure during Step Loading of Power Transformer with and without Prior Energisation

Inge Madshaven, Henrik Enoksen, Lars E. Lundgaard, Stefan Jaufer, Christoph Krause, Borut Prašnikar, Asgeir Mjelve

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Power transformer; clamping pressure; transformer energisation; transformer loading; short-circuit performance; on-line measurements

Online: 17 April 2024 (11:46:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1073.v1

The Effect of Ambient Illumination and Text Color on Visual Fatigue Under Negative Polarity

Qiangqiang Fan, Jinhan Xie, Yang Wang, Zhaoyang Dong

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: visual fatigue; ambient illumination; Negative polarity; text color

Online: 17 April 2024 (11:26:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1140.v1

Nonlinear Lateral Stability of 4-Axle Freight Car with the Y25 Bogies and the Measures to Improve Its Faults

Miroslaw Dusza, Milena Golofit-Stawinska, Krzysztof Zboinski

Subject: Engineering, Transportation Science And Technology Keywords: Y25 bogie; numerical model; suspension parameters; stability of motion; vehicle lateral stability

Online: 17 April 2024 (10:12:27 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0955.v1

The Behavior of the Travel Times in Drip Irrigation, Using Supervised Machine Learning and Optimizing Methods by Python

Gregory Guevara Rodriguez

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: drip irrigation; machine learning; hydraulic; fertigation

Online: 17 April 2024 (09:05:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1129.v1

Axial Stiffness Augmentation by Adding HTS Bulks or Limiting PM Rings to a Horizontal Axis HTS ZFC Radial Passive Bearing

António J. Arsénio Costa, João F. P. Fernandes, Paulo J. Costa Branco

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Zero-field cooling; High-temperature superconducting bulks; Passive magnetic bearing; Levitation; Guidance; Impulsion; Limiting PM rings; Axial stiffness; High-precision axial stability.

Online: 17 April 2024 (08:27:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1087.v1

Aluminium-Silicon Lightweight Thermal Management Alloys with Controlled Thermal Expansion

Peter Lewis, Andrew Tarrant, Andreas Frehn, Frtiz Grensing, James Nicholson, Nick Farrah, Martyn Acreman

Subject: Engineering, Metallurgy And Metallurgical Engineering Keywords: CTE; Heatsink; HIP; Hypereutectic; Mechanical Alloying; Metal Matrix Composite; MMC; Powder Metallurgy; Reflective Optics; Thermal Stability

Online: 17 April 2024 (08:07:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1086.v1

Investigation on Electrical and Thermal Performance of Water-Based Photovoltaic Thermal Collector in Nigeria.

Kar R. Awai, Peter King, Kumar Patchigolla, Sagar M. Jain

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Photovoltaic-thermal; TRNSYS simulation; Peak annual electrical yield; Peak annual thermal yield; Surface temperature.

Online: 17 April 2024 (08:04:58 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0807.v1

Computational Intelligence Assisted Less-Expensive Privacy-Preserving Optimization in Audio-Video Content

Amir Parnianifard

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: Computational Intelligence; Privacy-Preserving Optimization; Audio-Visual Content; Evolutionary Computation; Metamodel-Based Learning; Signal Watermarking

Online: 17 April 2024 (02:09:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1014.v1

Energy Management of Hydrogen Hybrid Electric Vehicles – Online-Capable Control

David Theodor Machacek, Nazim Yasar, Fabio Widmer, Thomas Huber, Christopher Onder

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Hydrogen internal combustion engine; Hybrid electric vehicle; H2-NOx trade-off; Extremely low NOx; Energy management

Online: 16 April 2024 (16:23:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1069.v1

Adobe Bricks of Champagne Region (France): Characterization of a Chalky Raw Earth Construction Material

Guillaume Polidori, Adrien Aras-Gaudry, Fabien Beaumont, Fabien Bogard, Sébastien Murer, Mohammed Lachi, Chadi Maalouf, Tala Moussa, Christophe Bliard, Gilles Fronteau, Erwan Hamard

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Adobe bricks, Building materials, Earth construction, Compressive strength, Hygrothermal performance.

Online: 16 April 2024 (13:57:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1001.v1

Study on Local Vibration Control of 100m X-BOW Polar Exploration Cruise Ship

Guo he Jiang, Jia chen Chen, Hao Guo, Gang Wu, Zhen zhen Liu

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: polar exploration cruise; frequency response analysis; modal equivalent mass; tuned mass dampers; mass ratio

Online: 16 April 2024 (11:37:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1028.v1

Overcoming the Technological Barriers in the Blockchain Supply Chain for Small Carriers

Marian Gogola, Dominika Rovnanikova, Mikulas Cerny

Subject: Engineering, Transportation Science And Technology Keywords: blockchain; supply chain; barriers; small carriers

Online: 16 April 2024 (10:50:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1030.v1

Optimization of the Factors Affecting Biogas Production Using Taguchi Design of Experiment Method

Sidahmed Sidi Habib, Shuichi Torii, Kavitha Mol S, Ajimon C. A.

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: anerobic digestion; biogas production; retention time; pH; pre-treatment; Taguchi Design of Experiments

Online: 16 April 2024 (10:34:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1006.v1

CH4 Adsorption in Wet Metal-Organic Frameworks Under Gas Hydrate Formation Conditions Using Large Reactor

Jyoti Shanker Pandey, Nehir Öncü, Nicolas Von Solms

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Metal Organic Framework; high pressure isotherms; gas hydrates; CH4 storage

Online: 16 April 2024 (09:23:44 CEST)

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Nanoporous materials, such as Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), are renowned for their high selectivity as gas adsorbents due to their specific surface area, nanoporosity, and active surface chemistry. A significant challenge for their widespread application is their behavior and reduced gas uptake in wet conditions, attributed to competitive adsorption between gas and water. The current understanding of gas adsorption in wet materials is constrained by studies that utilize only small amounts of powdered porous materials (in the milligram range) within very small reactors (1-5 mL). This leaves a significant gap in knowledge about gas adsorption behaviors in larger reactors and when MOF sample sizes are increased (to the gram scale) for scaling up the process. Additionally, there is a notable dearth of experimental research in situations where MOFs are heavily saturated with water. To address these gaps, this study measures CH4 adsorption in MOFs under conditions of high moisture content, using larger samples of MOFs (in grams) and a large volume reactor. We selected commercially available MOFs, including HKUST-1, ZIF-8, MOF-303, and activated carbon. A high-pressure isotherms (at T = 274.15 K) using volumetric approach were measured to qualitatively compare the moles of gas adsorbed under both dry and wet conditions across different MOFs and weights. Experimental results show that the presence of water led to a decrease in total CH4 mmol adsorption in MOFs, with a more significant decrease observed in hydrophilic MOFs compared to hydrophobic ones. For hydrophilic MOFs, presence of crossover isotherms at crossover pressure provided evidence of water's conversion to hydrate and its positive role in enhancing total gas uptake, which varied among different hydrophilic MOFs. Oversaturated MOFs showed a larger deviation between dry and wet cases at higher pressures. The high-pressure isotherm data confirm the positive role of hydrophilic MOFs in the conversion of water to hydrate in oversaturated MOFs when MOFs sample size is large.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0999.v1

Precipitation Simulation and Dynamic Response of a Transmission Line Subject to Wind-Driven Rain during Super Typhoon Lekima

Jianping Sun, Mingfeng Huang, Sunce Liao, Wenjuan Lou

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Transmission line; Wind-driven rain; Multiphase CFD simulation; Multi-scale simulation

Online: 16 April 2024 (07:42:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0998.v1

Investigation of CFRP Concrete Reinforcement Ageing Using Microwave Infrared Thermography Method (MIRT)

Barbara Szymanik, Sam Ang Keo, Franck Brachelet, Didier Defer

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Microwave thermography; carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP); defect; ageing; modeling with COMSOL

Online: 16 April 2024 (07:36:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0952.v1

Rotating Target Detection Using Commercial 5G Signal

Penghui Chen, Liuyang Tian, Yujing Bai, Jun Wang

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Passive radar; 5G; Rotating target; Reference signal; Interference suppression

Online: 16 April 2024 (03:50:08 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0914.v1

Technological Upgrade of a Vicon RS-EDW Spreader: Development of a Microcontroller for Variable Rate Application

João Serrano, Alexandre Amaral, Shakib Shahidian, José Marques da Silva, Francisco J. Moral, and Carlos Escribano

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: technological update; compatibility; communication; microcontroller; VRT; precision agriculture

Online: 15 April 2024 (18:03:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0988.v1

The Use of Ground Coal Bottom Ash/Slag as a Cement Replacement for Sustainable Concrete Infrastructure

Sandip Poudel, Samrawit Menda, Joe Useldinger-Hoefs, Lidya Guteta, Bruce Dockter, Daba Gedafa

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Coal bottom ash (CBA); coal boiler slag (CBS); pozzolanic properties; compressive strength; durability; workability; loss on ignition (LOI)

Online: 15 April 2024 (14:55:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1075.v2

Towards Real-Time Railroad Inspection Using Directional Eddy Current Probe

Meirbek Mussatayev, Mohammed Alanesi

Subject: Engineering, Transportation Science And Technology Keywords: Eddy current testing; lift-off; real-time inspection; probe optimization; signal-to-noise ratio

Online: 15 April 2024 (14:40:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0958.v1

Unlocking the Potential of Mannosylerythritol Lipids: Properties and Industrial Applications

Joana Dias de Almeida, Miguel Figueiredo Nascimento, Petar Kekovic, Frederico Castelo Ferreira, Nuno Torres Faria

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Mannosylerythritol lipids; Glycolipids; Biosurfactants; Cosmetics; Biomedical; Food; Bioremediation

Online: 15 April 2024 (13:55:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0957.v1

Eco-Efficient Concrete for Sustainable Construction

Rui Reis, Aires Camões, Manuel Ribeiro, Raphaele Malheiro

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Eco-efficient concrete; metakaolin; fly ash; low cement content; sustainability

Online: 15 April 2024 (13:52:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0972.v1

Flood Propagation Characteristics in a Plain Lake: The Role of Multiple River Interactions

Qiuqin Wu, Zhichao Wang, Xinfa Xu, Zhiwen Huang, Tianfu Wen, Wensun You, Yang Xia

Subject: Engineering, Safety, Risk, Reliability And Quality Keywords: Plain lake; river-lake Interactions; flood propagation; dynamic storage capacity; Poyang Lake

Online: 15 April 2024 (13:50:12 CEST)

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Plain lakes play a crucial role in the hydrological cycle of a watershed, but their interactions with adjacent rivers and downstream water bodies can create complex river-lake relationships, often leading to frequent flooding disasters. Taking Poyang Lake as an example, this paper delves into its interaction with the Yangtze River, revealing the spatiotemporal patterns of flood propagation within the lake and its impact on surrounding flood control measures. The aim is to provide insights for flood management in similar environments worldwide. This study employs a comprehensive approach combining hydrological statistical analysis and two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling, based on extensive hydrological, topographic, and socio-economic data. The results indicate that the annual maximum outflow from Poyang Lake is primarily controlled by floods within the watershed, while the highest annual lake water level is predominantly influenced by floods from the Yangtze River. The peak discharge typically reaches the lake outlet within 48 hours, with the peak water level taking slightly longer at 54 hours. However, water storage in the lake can shorten the time for the peak discharge to arrive. When converging with floods from the Yangtze River, the peak water level may be delayed by up to 10 days due to the top-supporting interaction. Furthermore, floods from the "Five Rivers" propagate differently within the lake, affecting various lake regions to differing degrees. Notably, floods from the Fu River cause the most significant rise in lake water level under the same flow rate. The top-supporting effect from the Yangtze River also significantly impacts the water surface slope of Poyang Lake. When the Yangtze River flood discharge far exceeds that of the "Five Rivers" (i.e., when the top-supporting intensity f value exceeds 4), the lake surface becomes as flat as a reservoir. During major floods in the watershed, the water level difference in the lake can increase dramatically, potentially creating a "dynamic storage capacity" of up to 840 million cubic meters.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0986.v1

Towards a Remote Patient Monitoring Platform for Comprehensive Risk Evaluation for People with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Gozde Cay, M.G. Finco, Jason Garcia, Jill L. McNitt-Gray, David G. Armstrong, Bijan Najafi

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: smart offloading; diabetes; diabetic foot ulcer; telemedicine; digital health; remote patient monitoring; personalized care

Online: 15 April 2024 (13:45:47 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0969.v1

AFM Nanoindentation Based Stiffness of Biomaterials: Softening Index and Variation from Parabolic Nature

Arnab Bhattacharyya

Subject: Engineering, Metallurgy And Metallurgical Engineering Keywords: AFM nanoindentation; biomaterials collagen fibril; softening; stiffness

Online: 15 April 2024 (13:21:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0956.v1

Machine Learning for Affordable Diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 from Hematological and Biochemical Tests

Reginaldo José da Silva, Carlos Roberto dos Santos Júnior, Thays Abreu, Carlos Roberto Minussi, Mara Lúcia Martins Lopes

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Adaptive Resonance Theory; Artificial Neural Networks; Blood tests; Coronavirus; COVID-19

Online: 15 April 2024 (11:57:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0884.v1

Innovative Approach and Challenges in the Demolition of Large-Span Post-tensioned Beams: Insights from a Case Study

Mohammad Jonaidi, Adam Kaplan, Ali Keyvanfar

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: concrete; post-tensioned; prestressed; demolition; tendons; cables; bursting

Online: 15 April 2024 (11:51:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0890.v1

An Enhanced Ageing Model for Solid-State Batteries

Paolo Scaltrito, Amirmasoud Lanjan, Seshasai Srinivasan

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: ageing model; solid-sate batteries; SSB; mathematical model; SEI; ASSB

Online: 15 April 2024 (11:49:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0953.v1

Two-Stage Multi-Satellite Scheduling Algorithm Based on Task Merging Mechanism

Jing Yu, Li Ning Xing, Yan Jie Song, Zhao Hui Liu

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: multi-satellite scheduling; task merging; mergring task scheduling; firework algorithm

Online: 15 April 2024 (10:58:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0947.v1

Wide-Band Low Phase-Noise Signal Generation Using Coaxial Resonator in Cascaded Phase Locked Loop

Aljaž Blatnik, Boštjan Batagelj

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: phase-locked loop; PLL; phase-noise; coaxial resonator; ultra-wideband; spur-free

Online: 15 April 2024 (10:49:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0930.v1

Data-Driven Approach for Selecting Mechanical Rebar Couplers Based on the Shape and Structural Characteristics of Reinforcing Bars for Sustainable Built Environment

Jeeyoung Lim, Sunkuk Kim

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: data-driven approach; algorithm; mechanical rebar coupler; comparative analysis; constructability

Online: 15 April 2024 (10:39:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0902.v1

3D Microfluidic Channel Development for a Microdosing System

Ana C. Romo-Cardenas, Carlos A. Ruiz-Delgado, Paulo C. Calvo, Luis Jesús Villarreal-Gómez, Faruk Fonthal

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: stereolithography printing; additive manufacturing; 3D printing; microchannels; microvalve

Online: 15 April 2024 (09:56:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0915.v1

A Review of Utilizing Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy on the Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Jun yang Leong

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: batteries; ecm; eis; modelling

Online: 15 April 2024 (07:31:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0897.v1

Sensing Pre and Post Ecdysis of Tropical Rock Lobsters, Panulirus ornatus, Using Low-Cost Components and Novel Spectral Camera

Charles Robert Sutherland, Alan Henderson, Dean Giosio, Andrew Trotter, Greg Smith

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: lobster crustacean moulting low-cost spectroscopy

Online: 15 April 2024 (05:20:30 CEST)

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