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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0472.v1

Surveillance of U.S. Corporate Filings Provides a Proactive Approach to Inform Tobacco Regulatory Research Strategy

S. Emma Sarles, Edward C. Hensel, Risa J. Robinson

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: public health; decision-making; evidence; knowledge; translation; Tobacco Regulatory Science; Tobacco Regulation; ecigarette; e-cig; vape; Juul

Online: 25 January 2021 (10:26:40 CET)

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The popularity of electronic cigarettes in the United States and around the world has led to a startling rise in youth nicotine use. The Juul e-cigarette was introduced in the U.S. market in 2015 and had captured approximately 13% of the U.S. market by 2017. Unlike many other contemporary electronic cigarette companies, the founders behind the Juul® e-cigarette approached their product launch like a traditional high-tech start-up company, not like a tobacco company. This article presents a case study of Juul’s corporate and product development history in the context of US regulatory actions. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the value of government-curated archives as leading indicators which can (a) provide insight into emergent technologies and (b) inform emergent regulatory science research questions. A variety of sources were used to gather data about the Juul e-cigarette and the corporations that surround it. Sources included government agencies, published academic literature, non-profit organizations, corporate and retail websites, and the popular press. Data was disambiguated, authenticated, and categorized prior to being placed on a timeline of events. A timeline of four significant milestones, nineteen corporate filings and events, twelve US regulatory actions, sixty four patent applications, eighty seven trademark applications, twenty three design patents and thirty two utility patents related to Juul Labs and its associates is presented spanning the years 2004 thought 2020. This work demonstrates the probative value of findings from patent, trademark, and SEC filing literature in establishing a premise for emergent regulatory science research questions which may not yet be supported by traditional archival research literature. The methods presented here can be used to identify key aspects of emerging technologies before products actually enter the market, this shifting policy formulation and problem identification from a paradigm of being reactive in favor of becoming proactive. Such a proactive approach may permit anticipatory regulatory science research and ultimately shorten the elapsed time between market technology innovation and regulatory response.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0358.v1

Proposed Standard Test Protocols and Outcome Measures for Quantitative Comparison of Emissions from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

Edward C. Hensel, Nathan C. Eddingsaas, Qutaiba M. Saleh, S. Jayasekera, S. Emma Sarles, A. Gary DiFrancesco, and Risa J. Robinson

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: ecigarette; regulatory science; substantial equivalence; public health; tobacco product comparison.

Online: 22 December 2021 (12:04:52 CET)

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This study introduces and demonstrates a comprehensive, accurate, unbiased approach to robust quantitative comparison of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) appropriate for establishing substantial equivalence (or lack thereof) between tobacco products. The approach is demonstrated across a family of thirteen pen- and pod-style ENDS products. Methods employed consist of formulating a robust emissions surface regression model, quantifying the empirical accuracy of the model as applied to each product, evaluating relationships between product design characteristics and maximum emissions characteristics, and presenting results in formats useful to researchers, regulators, and consumers. Results provide a response surface to characterize emissions (total particulate matter and constituents thereof) from each ENDS appropriate for use in a computer model and for conducting quantitative exposure comparisons between products. Results demonstrate that emissions vary as a function of puff duration, flow rate, E-Liquid composition, and device operating power. Further, results indicate that regulating design characteristics of ENDS devices and consumables may not achieve desired public health outcomes; it is more effective to regulate maximum permissible emissions directly. Three emissions outcome measures (yield per puff, mass concentration and constituent mass ratio) are recommended for adoption as standard quantities for reporting by manufacturers and research laboratories. The approach provides a means of (a) quantifying and comparing maximal emissions from ENDS products spanning their entire operating envelope, (b) comparative evaluation of ENDS devices and consumable design characteristics, and (c) establishing comparative equivalence of maximal emissions from ENDS. A consumer-oriented product emissions dashboard is proposed for comparative evaluation of ENDS exposure potential. Maximum achievable power dissipated in the coil of ENDS is identified as a potentially effective regulatory parameter.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0383.v1

Future of Construction Industry: COVID-19 and Its Implications on Construction Projects and Risk Management – A Review

Kushal Adhikari, Lochana Poudyal

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; construction project; risk management; use of technology; recovery and resilience

Online: 14 April 2021 (14:12:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0457.v3

Timoshenko Beam Theory: Exact Solution for First-Order Analysis, Second-Order Analysis, and Stability Using a Moment-Shear Force-Curvature Relationship

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Timoshenko beam; moment shear force curvature relationship; closed-form solutions; non-uniform heating; stability; second-order element stiffness matrix; elastic Winkler foundation

Online: 15 July 2021 (10:30:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0085.v1

A Concept for Conducting User Studies in Vehicles and Stationary Test Rooms During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Timmy Kantusch, Advan Sinanovic, Stefanie Marker

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: user studies; pandemic; COVID-19; hygiene concept

Online: 5 July 2021 (09:59:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0457.v1

Timoshenko Beam Theory Exact Solution For Bending, Second-Order Analysis, and Stability

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Timoshenko beam; Moment shear force curvature equation; Closed-form solutions; Stability; Second-order element stiffness matrix

Online: 17 November 2020 (14:55:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0359.v2

Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction & Loyalty in Online Food Delivery Service during COVID-19 Pandemic: Its Relation with Open Innovation

Yogi Tri Prasetyo, Hans Tanto, Martinus Mariyanto, Christopher Hanjaya, Michael Nayat Young, Satria Fadil Persada, Bobby Ardiansyah Miraja, A.A.N. Perwira Redi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: food delivery; customer satisfaction; new normal; COVID-19; theory of planned behavior

Online: 19 February 2021 (10:01:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0359.v1

Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction & Loyalty in Online Food Delivery Service during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Developing Country: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

Yogi Tri Prasetyo, Hans Tanto, Martinus Mariyanto, Christopher Hanjaya, Satria Fadil Persada, Bobby Ardiansyah Miraja, A.A.N. Perwira Redi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: food delivery; customer satisfaction; new normal; COVID-19; theory of planned behavior

Online: 17 February 2021 (09:56:40 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

An Overview of Imaging Lidar Sensors for Autonomous Vehicles

Santiago Royo, Maria Ballesta

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: lidar, ladar, time of flight, 3D imaging, point cloud, MEMS, scanners, photodetectors, lasers, autonomous vehicles, self-driving car

Online: 8 August 2019 (12:23:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0131.v1

Iron Losses in Electromagnetic Devices: Nonlinear Adaptive MEC & Dynamic Hysteresis Model

Oualid Messal, Frédéric Dubas, Raouf Benlamine, Afef Kedous-Lebouc, Christian Chillet, Christophe Espanet

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Electromagnetic devices; Iron losses; LS model; Magnetic equivalent circuit; Models coupling

Online: 30 January 2017 (08:20:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0124.v1

Evapotranspiration Estimation with UAVs in Agriculture: A Review

Haoyu Niu, Tiebiao Zhao, Dong Wang, YangQuan Chen

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Clumped canopy; evapotranspiration; Unmanned aerial vehicles; METRIC; remote sensing

Online: 8 July 2019 (14:39:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0559.v2

Euler-Bernoulli Beam Theory: First-Order Analysis, Second-Order Analysis, Stability, and Vibration Analysis Using the Finite Difference Method

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Euler Bernoulli beam; finite difference method; additional points; element stiffness matrix; tapered beam; first-order analysis; second-order analysis; vibration analysis; direct time integration method

Online: 29 March 2021 (17:13:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0501.v1

An Exact Solution to the Free Vibration Analysis of a Uniform Timoshenko Beam Using an Analytical Approach

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Timoshenko beam; rotary inertia; bending shear curvature natural frequency relationship; spring mass system vibration; closed-form solutions; first-order dynamic stiffness matrix; second-order vibration analysis

Online: 25 January 2021 (14:09:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0714.v1

Towards a Biomanufactory on Mars

Aaron Berliner, Jacob M. Hilzinger, Anthony J. Abel, Matthew McNulty, George Makrygiorgos, Nils J.H. Averesch, Soumyajit Sen Gupta, Alexander Benvenuti, Daniel Caddell, Stefano Cestellos-Blanco, Anna Doloman, Skyler Friedline, Desiree Ho, Wenyu Gu, Avery Hill, Paul Kusuma, Isaac Lipsky, Mia Mirkovic, Jorge Meraz, Vince Pane, Kyle B. Sander, Fengzhe Shi, Jeffrey M. Skerker, Alexander Styer, Kyle Valgardson, Kelly Wetmore, Sung-Geun Woo, Yongao Xiong, Kevin Yates, Cindy Zhang, Shuyang Zhen, Bruce Bugbee, Devin Coleman-Derr, Ali Mesbah, Somen Nandi, Robert W. Waymouth, Peidong Yang, Craig S. Criddle, Karen A. McDonald, Amor A. Menezes, Lance C. Seefeldt, Douglas S. Clark, Adam P. Arkin

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: space systems bioengineering; human exploration; mars; in situ resource utilization; life support systems; biomanufacturing

Online: 29 December 2020 (07:57:37 CET)

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Preprint DATASET | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0047.v1

Dataset for Eye-Tracking Tasks

Ildar Rakhmatulin

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: eye tracking dataset; gaze tracking dataset; iris tracking dataset; CNN for eye-tracking; neural networks for eye-tracking

Online: 2 December 2020 (08:00:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0556.v1

Super-Resolution of Sentinel-2 Images at 10m Resolution without Reference Images

Yunhe Li, Bo Li

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: super-resolution; generative adversarial network; Sentinel-2

Online: 21 April 2021 (08:25:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0040.v1

Comparison of Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Performance Using Image Processing

Esteban Cano, Ryan Horton, Chase Liljegren, Duke M. Bulanon

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: agriculture; digital image processing; machine vision; precision agriculture; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

Online: 12 October 2016 (10:28:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0053.v1

A Novel Anti-Lock Braking System for Electric Vehicles

Chia-Hung Tu, Chun-Liang Lin, Meng-Yao Yang, En-Ping Chen

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: electrical vehicle; anti-lock braking system (ABS); regenerative brake; control

Online: 5 August 2016 (09:49:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0501.v2

An Exact Solution to the Free Vibration Analysis of a Uniform Timoshenko Beam Using an Analytical Approach

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Timoshenko beam; rotary inertia; bending shear curvature natural frequency relationship; spring mass system vibration; closed-form solutions; first-order dynamic stiffness matrix; second-order vibration analysis

Online: 15 September 2021 (15:33:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0029.v1

Entropy Generation Analysis at Mixed MHD Convection in a Square Lid-Driven Cavity Filled With Darcy–Brinkman- Forcheheimer Porous Medium

Rahma Bouabda, Mounir Bouabid, Mourad Magherbi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Mixed MHD convection; porous media; Lid-Driven Cavity; Entropy generation; numerical CVFEM method

Online: 10 October 2016 (09:56:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0506.v1

Darknet on OpenCL: A Multi-platform Tool for Object Detection and Classification

Piotr Sowa, Jacek Izydorczyk

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: neural network; object detection; object classification; Darknet; programming.

Online: 22 July 2020 (09:39:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0455.v1

Implementation of TQM and the Integration of BIM in the Construction Management Sector in Saudi Arabia Validated with Hybridized Emerging Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO)

Mohammad Abazid, Hüseyin Gökçekuş, Tahir Celik

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Total Quality Management; construction projects; Saudi Arabia; Harris-hawks optimization; support vector regression

Online: 17 March 2021 (17:01:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0029.v1

An Optimized Energy Management Strategy for Preheating Vehicle-Mounted Li-Ion Batteries at Subzero Temperatures

Tao Zhu, Haitao Min, Yuanbin Yu, Zhongmin Zhao, Tao Xu, Yang Chen, Xinyong Li

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: electric vehicle; battery heat generation; battery degradation; vehicle operation cost; preheating target temperature; heating system

Online: 6 December 2016 (07:46:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0059.v1

Lightweight Design Solutions in the Automotive Field: Environmental Modelling Based on Fuel Reduction Value Applied to Diesel Turbocharged Vehicles

Massimo Delogu, Francesco Del Pero, Marco Pierini

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: automotive, fuel consumption; Fuel Reduction Value (FRV); Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); light-weighting; vehicle system dynamics

Online: 10 November 2016 (16:45:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0423.v1

Assessment of Future Autonomous Vehicle Market Leadership in the US

José Diamantino de Almeida Dourado, Cleveland Maximino Jones, Herlander Costa Alegre da Gama Afonso, Lívia de Moraes Mariano Botelho

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous vehicles; SWOT analysis; 3D object detection; artificial intelligence; market dominance

Online: 21 January 2021 (14:50:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0034.v1

Peach Flower Monitoring Using Aerial Multispectral Imaging

Ryan Horton, Esteban Cano, Duke Bulanon, Esmaeil Fallahi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: blossoms; digital image processing; machine vision; peaches; unmanned aerial system

Online: 7 November 2016 (05:18:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0252.v1

Timoshenko Beam Theory:First-Order Analysis, Second-Order Analysis, Stability, and Vibration Analysis Using the Finite Difference Method

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Timoshenko beam; finite difference method; additional points; element stiffness matrix; tapered beam; second-order analysis; vibration analysis; direct time integration method

Online: 11 May 2021 (15:39:17 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0179.v1

Practical Implementation of Molecular Dynamics Code for Beginners Using Python

Sumith Yesudasan

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Python; Molecular Dynamics; Scientific Computing; Periodic Boundary Condition

Online: 8 December 2020 (06:47:59 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0188.v1

A Review on Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

Shivani Chauhan, Rachna Singh

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: power conversion efficiency (PCE); perovskite/silicon; 2T; 3T; 4T

Online: 10 May 2021 (13:12:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0457.v2

Timoshenko Beam Theory Exact Solution For Bending, Second-Order Analysis, and Stability

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Timoshenko beam; Moment shear force curvature equation; Closed-form solutions; Stability; Second-order element stiffness matrix

Online: 5 April 2021 (16:06:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0280.v1

Two-Parameter CFAR Ship Detection Algorithm Based on Rayleigh Distribution in SAR Images

Ruochen Wu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: SAR; Ship detecion; CFAR; Mathematical morphology

Online: 16 December 2021 (15:57:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0129.v1

Interest Manager for Networked Driving Simulation Based on High-Level Architecture

Kareem Abdelgawad, Jürgen Gausemeier, Michael Grafe, Jan Berssenbrügge

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: networked driving simulation; high-level architecture; network data traffic; data distribution management; interest manager

Online: 20 April 2017 (03:42:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0113.v1

Limitations and Constraints of Eddy-Current Loss Models for IPM Motors with Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings

Hui Zhang, Oskar Wallmark

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: automotive applications; concentrated windings; eddy current losses; fractional-slot windings; interior permanent-magnet motors

Online: 16 March 2017 (09:02:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0139.v2

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Spring Diaphragm Clutch on an Automobile Based on the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II)

Junchao Zhou, Chun Wang, Junjun Zhu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: clutch; diaphragm spring; multi-objective; optimization; NSGA-II

Online: 29 November 2016 (05:02:44 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0281.v1

Trajectory Optimization in Robotic Applications, Survey of Recent Developments

Eyad Almasri, Mustafa Kemal Uyguroğlu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Robotics; Optimization; Optimal Control (OC); Trajectory planning; Dynamic Transcription methods

Online: 13 May 2021 (10:59:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0198.v1

Analysis and Application of a Novel Layered Bidirectional Equalizer for Series Connected Battery Strings

Shubiao Wang, Longyun Kang, Wenbiao Li, Xiangwei Guo, Zefeng Wang, Ming Liu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: series connected battery string; layered bidirectional equalizer; power inductor; dynamic adjustment of equalization path

Online: 27 March 2017 (10:41:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0483.v1

Monitoring Biomaterials with Light: Review of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing Using two Dimensional Materials

Parsa Yari, Homa Farmani, Ali Farmani, Amir Mosavi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Optical Biosensor; Plasmonics; Plasmonics sensors; SPR biosensor

Online: 25 January 2021 (11:02:23 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0555.v1

Review Dry and Non-Contact EEG Electrodes for 2010-2021 Years

Ildar Rakhmatulin, Yajian Gan

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: dry EEG; dry EEG electrode; dry electrode; electroencephalography; non-contact electrode EEG

Online: 23 March 2021 (08:56:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0128.v1

A Station with Multiple Head-Mounted Displays for Learning Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

Kareem Abdelgawad, Jürgen Gausemeier, Jan Berssenbrügge, Jörg Stöcklein

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: driving simulators; driver assistance systems; autonomous driving; drivers training; multiple head-mounted displays; shared virtual environment

Online: 20 April 2017 (03:36:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0181.v1

A Sustainable, Integrated Multi-Level Floating Farm Concept: Singapore Perspective

Rasim Asgarov, David MacLaren, Mohammed Abdul Hannan, Prateek Khandelwal

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Floating farming; sustainable farming; Integrated farming; Multilevel Floating Farm

Online: 4 November 2020 (09:56:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0023.v1

Commonly Used External TAM Variables in Virtual Reality, E-Learning and Agriculture Applications: A Literature Review Using QFD as Organizing Framework

Ivonne Angelica Castiblanco Jimenez, Laura Cepeda Garcia, Maria Grazia Violante, Enrico Vezzetti

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: TAM; e-learning; agriculture; virtual reality; QFD; technology acceptance

Online: 1 October 2020 (15:56:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0479.v1

Bending Analysis of Isotropic Rectangular Kirchhoff Plates Subjected to a Thermal Gradient Using the Fourier Transform Method

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Isotropic rectangular plate; Kirchhoff–Love plate theory; thermal gradient; Fourier sine transform; Navier solution; Lévy solution

Online: 18 June 2021 (12:52:52 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0023.v1

Low-cost Air Purifier Prototype using a Ventilating Fan and Pump against COVID-19 and Haze Pollution

Arnon Jumlongkul

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: air filtration; air purifier; COVID-19; haze; HEPA filter; particulate matter

Online: 1 April 2021 (13:43:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0158.v1

Variational Mode Decomposition Denoising Combined with the Euclidean Distance for Diesel Engine Vibration Signal

Gang Ren, Jide Jia, Xiangyu Jia, Jiajia Han

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: variational mode decomposition; Euclidean Distance; diesel engine; vibration signal; denoising algorithm

Online: 29 September 2017 (14:53:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0312.v1

Failure Analysis in Lithium-Ion Battery Production with FMEA-Based Large-Scale Bayesian Network

Michael Kirchhof, Klaus Haas, Thomas Kornas, Sebastian Thiede, Mario Hirz, Christoph Herrmann

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Bayesian Network; Root Cause Analysis; Failure Mode and Effect Analysis; Lithium-Ion 15 Battery Cell; Failure Propagation; Multi-Stage Production; Manufacturing Process; Process Optimization; Scrap Rate

Online: 14 December 2020 (09:31:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0005.v1

An Application-Oriented Design Method for Networked Driving Simulation

Kareem Abdelgawad, Jürgen Gausemeier, Ansgar Trächtler, Sandra Gausemeier, Roman Dumitrescu, Jan Berssenbrügge, Jörg Stöcklein, Michael Grafe

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous and cooperative driving; networked driving simulators; systems engineering; system of systems; system-level design; application-oriented development

Online: 1 September 2017 (21:02:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0363.v1

Extension of Equivalent System Mass for Human Exploration Missions on Mars

Aaron Berliner, George Makrygiorgos, Avery Hill

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Space Systems Bioengineering; Equivalent System Mass; ESM; Environmental Control and Life Support Systems; ECLSS; Space Logistics; Uncertainty; Risk

Online: 18 January 2021 (17:39:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0672.v1

Citation review of Human-Machine Collaboration in Virtual Reality for Adaptive Production Engineering by de Giorgio et al.

Andrea de Giorgio, Mauro Onori

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Virtual Reality; Simulation; Industry 4.0; Human-Robot Collaboration; Citation Review; Citation Metrics

Online: 26 November 2020 (11:26:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0462.v1

A Novel Approach to Global Positioning System Accuracy Assessment, Verified on LiDAR Alignment of One Million Kilometers at a Continent Scale, as a Foundation for Autonomous Driving Safety Analysis

Janusz Bedkowski, Hubert Nowak, Blazej Kubiak, Witold Studzinski, Maciej Janeczek, Szymon Karas, Adam Kopaczewski, Przemyslaw Makosiej, Jaroslaw Koszuk, Michal Pec, Krzysztof Miksa

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: global positioning, SLAM; GNSS+INS; road survey; mobile mapping; autonomous driving safety

Online: 17 June 2021 (14:35:27 CEST)

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This paper concerns a new methodology for accuracy assessment of global positioning system verified experimentally with LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data alignment at continent scale for autonomous driving safety analysis. Accuracy of GPS (Global Positioning System) positioning of an autonomous driving vehicle within a lane on the road is one of the key safety considerations. Safety is addressed as a geometry of the problem, where the aim is to maintain knowledge that the vehicle (its bounding box) is within its lane. Accuracy of GPS positioning is checked by comparing it with mobile mapping tracks in the recorded high definition source. The aim of the comparison is to see if the GPS positioning remains accurate up to the dimensions of the lane where the vehicle is driving. For this reason, a new methodology is proposed. Methodology is composed of six elements: 1) Mobile mapping system minimal setup, 2) Global positioning data processing, 3) LiDAR data processing, 4) Alignment algorithm, 5) Accuracy assessment confirmation and 6) Autonomous driving safety analysis. The research challenge is to assess positioning accuracy of moving cars taking into account the constraints of the coverage of limited access highways in the United States of America. The available coverage limits the possibility of repeatable measurements and introduces an important challenge being the lack the ground truth data. State-of-the-art methods are not applicable for this particular application, therefore a novel approach is proposed. The method is to align all the available LiDAR car trajectories to confirm the GNSS+INS (Global Navigation Satellite System + Inertial Navigation System) accuracy. For this reason, the use of LiDAR metric measurements for data alignment implemented using SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) was investigated, assuring no systematic drift by applying GNSS+INS constraints. SLAM implementation used state-of-the-art observation equations and the Weighted Non-Linear Least Square optimization technique that enables integration of the required constraints. The methodology was verified experimentally using arbitrarily chosen measurement instruments (NovAtel GNSS+INS, LiDAR Velodyne HDL32) mounted onto mobile mapping systems. The accuracy was assessed and confirmed by the alignment of 32785 trajectories with total length of 1,159,956.9~km and of total $186.4*10^{9}$~optimized parameters (six degrees of freedom of poses) that cover the United States region in the 2016--2019 period. It is demonstrated that the alignment improves the trajectories, thus final map is consistent. The proposed methodology extends the existing methods of global positioning system accuracy assessment focusing on realistic environmental and driving conditions. The impact of global positioning system accuracy on autonomous car safety is discussed. It is shown that 99\% of the assessed data satisfies the safety requirements (driving within lanes of 3.6~m) for Mid-Size (width 1.85~m, length 4.87~m) vehicle and 95\% for 6-Wheel Pickup (width 2.03--2.43~m, length 5.32--6.76~m). The conclusion is that this methodology has great potential for global positioning accuracy assessment at global scale for autonomous driving applications. LiDAR data alignment is introduced as a novel approach to GNSS+INS accuracy confirmation. Further research is needed to solve the identified challenges.

Working Paper REVIEW

Causal Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Supply Chains: A Systematic Review

Brenda Cardoso, Luiza Cunha, Adriana Leiras, Paulo Gonçalves, Hugo Yoshizaki, Irineu de Brito Junior, Adriana Leiras, Frederico Pedroso

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: COVID-19; Food Supply Chain; Epidemic; Pandemic, Disruptions

Online: 9 July 2021 (09:37:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0720.v1

Microneedle Arrays for Sampling and Sensing Dermal Interstitial Fluid

Navid Kashaninejad, Ahmed Munaz, Hajar Moghadas, Sharda Yadav, Muhammad Umer, Nam-Trung Nguyen

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: microneedle; microneedle array, interstitial fluid; bio sensing, wearable system; ISF sampling

Online: 30 March 2021 (09:55:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0077.v1

Effect of Fuel Injection Strategy on the Carbonaceous Structure Formation and Nanoparticle Emission in a DISI Engine Fuelled with Butanol

Simona Silvia Merola, Adrian Irimescu, Silvana Di Iorio, Bianca Maria Vaglieco

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: spark ignition engine; direct injection; gasoline; butanol; optical investigations; nanoparticle emissions

Online: 9 May 2017 (04:47:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0023.v1

Development of Laser Scanner for Full Cross-Sectional Deformation Monitoring of Underground Gateroads

Qianlong Yang, Zhenyu Zhang, Xiaoqian Liu, Shuqi Ma

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: laser sensor; deformation monitoring; underground gateroad

Online: 5 June 2017 (05:18:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0140.v1

Effect of Helix Angle on the Performance of Helical Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Unnikrishnan Divakaran, Ajith Ramesh, Akram Mohammad, Ratna Kishore Velamati

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Vertical Axis Wind Turbine; Wind Energy; Helical Blade; CFD

Online: 7 December 2020 (12:00:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0643.v1

A Speed-Variant Balancing Method for Flexible Rotary Machines Based on Acoustic Responses

Andrew Peplow, Javad Isavand, Afshar Kasaei, Babak Afzali, Delphine Bard-Hagberg

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: flexible rotating machinery; balancing method; speed-variant; acoustic feedback

Online: 23 April 2021 (13:18:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0147.v1

The Factors Affecting Labour Productivity in the Construction of Prestressed Concrete Buildings in Ghana

Muhammad Akbar, Kojo Kumah Darkwah, Azka Amin, Pan Huali, Ou Guoqiang, Muhammad Asghar

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Labour productivity; prestressed concrete floors; relative importance index (Smart-PLS. Ghana)

Online: 5 April 2021 (14:31:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0128.v3

A Platform with Multiple Head-Mounted Displays for Advanced Training in Modern Driving Schools

Kareem Abdelgawad, Jürgen Gausemeier, Jörg Stöcklein, Michael Grafe, Jan Berssenbrügge, Roman Dumitrescu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: driver assistance systems; autonomous and cooperative driving; driving schools; driving simulators; multiple head-mounted displays; shared virtual environments

Online: 16 October 2017 (13:27:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0085.v1

Challenges and Experiences of Online Evaluation in Courses of Civil Engineering During the Lockdown Motivated by the COVID-19 Crisis

Marcos García-Alberti, Fernando Suárez, Isabel Chiyón, Juan Carlos Mosquera Feijoo

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: COVID-19; online learning; higher education; evaluation

Online: 5 January 2021 (11:39:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0629.v1

Design and Characterization of a Helmet-Based Smart Textile Pressure Sensor for Concussion

Arar S. Alkhader, Manob Jyoti Saikia, Brendan Driscoll, Kunal Mankodiya

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: smart textiles; pressure sensor; concussion detection; Velostat; football helmet; head impacts

Online: 26 July 2020 (02:34:43 CEST)

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A Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion has become a public health problem in the United State. Sports and recreational activities are major sources of concussions; with the most incidents connected to American football. Recently, many companies and research institutions have started studying concussions and introduced some means of protection and some alarming systems of strong jolts. The major detection and protection system currently available on the market is the electronic helmet (e-helmet) composed of measurement devices to record head impact acceleration. The most commonly used devices in e-helmets are accelerometers to measure linear acceleration and gyroscopes for rotational/angular acceleration. Using smart textiles for concussion detection is currently uncommon and limited due to the lack of literature studying their voltage related errors. Actually, there are few works that characterize some voltage-force related errors for such type of sensors but for small impact forces and under bench testing while the behavior of those sensors was not described for higher ranges of applied forces and in field situations. This paper previews some common techniques used in e-helmets for concussion detection and highlights electronic textiles and smart fabric sensors that could be very useful for these applications. It discusses and validates the general behavior of such type of sensors under high impact forces and on field testing instead of bench testing, and also it characterizes the effect of increasing the thickness of the sensing element layer on the sensor. A custom-made pressure sensor was created of some available fabrics to be embedded within the padding of a football helmet to quantify the impacting force to the head. The sensor is mainly composed a Semi Conductive Polymer Composite SCPC layer with modifiable thickness that was modified three times with 0.2, 0.4, and 1.6mm to characterize the general behavior of the sensor due to a high amount of impacts and correlated with the thickness. A pendulum system was built to test the pressure sensors, while a special camera and an open-source video analysis software, Tracker was used to track the pendulum bob. The speed and the acceleration of the pendulum bob were measured, then the impact force was calculated and a voltage-force response was obtained. The results showed that no meaningful improvement occurs by small increase in the thickness but better sensor behavior could be obtained by significant increment to observe any difference. Despite that at a very high impacts, the suggested sensor with Velostat layers is not giving the real voltage readings that reflect the actual applied forces but it gives a helpful information that illustrate the distribution of the force through identification the place of the highest and lowest voltage readings regardless of the exact values of those readings. However, the proposed smart textile pressure sensor could be applicable in future e-helmet designs with additional research-based improvements especially on the structure of the sensing element layer to be able to withstand such high impacts which in turns improves the overall sensor performance and accurately measures pressure in concussion-inducing ranges.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0139.v1

Multi-Objective Optimization of Spring Diaphragm Clutch on Automobile Based on the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II)

Junchao Zhou, Chun Wang, Junjun Zhu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: clutch; diaphragm spring; multi-objective; optimization; NSGA-II

Online: 28 November 2016 (04:07:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0051.v1

Topology Optimization of Large-Scale 3D Morphing Wingstructures

Peter Dørffler Ladegaard Jensen, Fengwen Wang, Ignazio Dimino, Ole Sigmund

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Topology Optimization; Morphing Wing; Aerospace Design Optimization; Smart and Adaptive Structures; Feature Mapping

Online: 2 July 2021 (12:28:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0005.v2

An Application-Oriented Design Method for Networked Driving Simulation

Kareem Abdelgawad, Jürgen Gausemeier, Ansgar Trächtler, Sandra Gausemeier, Roman Dumitrescu, Jan Berssenbrügge, Jörg Stöcklein, Michael Grafe

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous and cooperative vehicle systems; connected driving simulators; systems engineering; system of systems; system-level design; application-oriented development

Online: 12 September 2017 (15:32:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0194.v1

Performance Evaluation of Drainage System in Shire Endaslasse Town, Northern Ethiopia

Hadush Gebreyohannes, Ahmed Degu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: urban drainage; SWMM5.1; land use; hydraulic performance; Shire Endaslasse

Online: 9 October 2020 (10:26:40 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Predicting the Related Parameters of Vortex Bladeless Wind Turbine by Using Deep Learning Method

Mahsa Dehghan Manshadi, Majid Ghasemi, Seyed Milad Mousavi, Amir Mosavi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Computational fluid dynamic; Long short term memory; Vortex bladeless wind turbine; Prediction; Correlation matrix.

Online: 9 June 2021 (07:38:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0467.v1

Energy Efficiency in OECD Countries: A DEA Approach

Filip Fidanoski, Kiril Simeonovski, Violeta Cvetkoska

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: energy efficiency; primary energy; electricity; DEA analysis

Online: 25 January 2021 (10:12:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0170.v1

A Smart University Building Based on Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things

Yahya Salameh Hassan Khraisat, Ahmad A. Alahmadi, Nasim Ullah, H. Abeida, Yasser M. Alharbi, Mohamed S. Soliman

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Internet of things; Artificial Intelligence; Smart University; Microcontroller; Smart buildings

Online: 5 February 2021 (21:52:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0103.v1

Ride Comfort Optimization of In-Wheel-Motor Electric Vehicle with In-Wheel Vibration Absorber

Mingchun Liu, Feihong Gu, Yuanzhi Zhang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: in-wheel-motor electric vehicle; ride comfort; improved particle swarm optimization; linear quadratic regulator; fuzzy PID control

Online: 21 September 2017 (12:59:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0364.v1

Automated Tracking Systems for the Assessment of Farmed Poultry

Suresh Neethirajan

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Poultry behaviour; target tracking; deep learning; precision livestock farming; poultry production systems.

Online: 16 May 2021 (22:43:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0162.v1

Tunable Broadband RF Photonic Fractional Hilbert Transformer Based on a Soliton Crystal Microcomb

Mengxi Tan, Xingyuan Xu, David Moss

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: microcombs; filters; high bandwidth; RF photonics

Online: 6 April 2021 (10:06:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0476.v1

Fault Ride through Capability Analysis of Wind Turbine with Doubly Fed Induction Generator

Salem Molla Endale, Milkias Berhanu Tuka

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Battery Energy Storage System; Crowbar; Fault Ride Through Capability; Vector control; Wind turbine

Online: 21 July 2021 (09:51:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0100.v1

Efficacy Evaluation of Skin Care Products Using PhabrOmeter

Ning Pan, Melissa Lum, Brian Tran

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Assessing efficacy of skin care products; PhabrOmeter; Artificial skin; Changes of skin attributes

Online: 10 January 2019 (14:02:58 CET)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0442.v1

Vibration Analysis of Axially Functionally Graded Non-Prismatic Timoshenko Beams Using the Finite Difference Method

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Axially functionally graded non-prismatic Timoshenko beam; finite difference method; additional points; vibration analysis; direct time integration method

Online: 19 May 2021 (12:55:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0574.v1

Fundamental Principles Ensuring Successful Implementation of New-Age (Nano) Modified Emulsions (NME) for the Stabilisation of Naturally Available Materials in Pavement Engineering

Gerrit J. Jordaan, Wynand J. vdM Steyn

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: nanotechnologies; pavement engineering; scientific principles; material compatible design; mineralogy; safety, applicability and compatibility of new technologies; engineering principles

Online: 27 January 2021 (21:26:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0188.v1

Bio-Gasoline and Bio-Kerosene Production by Fractional Distillation of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Açaí Seeds

Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro, Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro, Lauro Henrique Hamoy Guerreiro, Lucas Pinto Bernar, Sami Jonatan S. J. Bremer, Hélio da Silva Almeida, Marcelo Costa Santos, Sergio Duvoisin Jr., Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges, Nélio Teixeira Machado

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Açaí; Residual Seeds; Pyrolysis; Bio-Oil; Distillation; Bio-gasoline; Bio-kerosene

Online: 8 February 2021 (11:10:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0564.v1

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis as Key for a Decentralized Sustainable Kerosene Production

Andreas Meurer, Jürgen Kern

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: alternative fuels; power-to-liquid; synthetic fuel; synthetic kerosene; aviation fuel; sustainable fuel; power-to-x; e-fuel; fischer-tropsch; renewable fuel

Online: 27 January 2021 (15:04:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0128.v2

A Station with Multiple Head-Mounted Displays for Learning Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

Kareem Abdelgawad, Jürgen Gausemeier, Jörg Stöcklein, Michael Grafe

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: driving simulators; driver assistance systems; autonomous driving; drivers training; multiple head-mounted displays; shared virtual environment

Online: 22 September 2017 (16:27:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0459.v1

Sensor and Sensor Fusion Technology in Autonomous Vehicles: A Review

De Jong Yeong, Gustavo Velasco-Hernandez, John Barry, Joseph Walsh

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous vehicles; self-driving cars; perception; camera; lidar; radar; sensor fusion; calibration; obstacle detection

Online: 22 February 2021 (11:31:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0214.v1

A novel energy optimization approach for electrical vehicles in a smart city

FLAH AYMEN, chokri mahmoudi, lassaad sbita

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Smart city; energy management; electric vehicle; classification; state of charge; intelligence.

Online: 22 January 2019 (11:18:42 CET)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0190.v1

Prevalence of COVID -19 Pandemic: A Paradigm Shift to Hydrogen Economy

Ismail Muhibbudin

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: corona virus; environmental degradation; hydrogen economy; clean energy; renewable sources; non renewable sources; economic impact; environmental impact.

Online: 8 December 2020 (09:49:50 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

BIM to AR Matching Technology of Building Maintenance Platform Using 5G-Based AR

JungHyun Kim, JungYoon Kim

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: 5G; AR/VR; BIM; Building maintenance; matching

Online: 24 May 2021 (07:35:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0653.v1

Attention-based YOLOv4 Algorithm in Non-destructive Radiographic Testing for Civic Aviation Maintenance

Zhi-Hao Chen, Jyh-Ching Juang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: CNN, YOLOv4, NDT, Object Detection

Online: 26 April 2021 (10:55:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0093.v1

A New Visual Attention Model Designed for SAR Images Based on Texture Saliency

Wei Xiong, Yongli Xu, Yafei Lv, Libo Yao

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: SAR image; Visual attention model; Texture Saliency; Feature map; Focus of attention

Online: 13 October 2017 (17:08:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0223.v1

Estimate e-Golf Battery State Using Diagnostic Data and a Digital Twin

Lukas Merkle, Michael Pöthig, Florian Schmid

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: UDS-Diagnosis; Battery Twin; Data Logger; SOH

Online: 12 January 2021 (14:26:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0587.v1

Real-Time 3D Surface Measurement in Additive Manufacturing Using Deep Learning

Liu Chenang, Wang Rongxuan, Zhenyu Kong, Babu Suresh, Joslin Chase, Ferguson James

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Additive manufacturing; surface morphology; real-time measurement; deep learning

Online: 28 January 2021 (15:01:50 CET)

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Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Internet of Things and Farm Management Information System for Precision Agriculture: A Proof of Concept Circuit, Simulation and Web App

Emmanuel Adetiba, Chiebuka Favour Olumba, Ayodele H. Ifijeh, Etinosa Noma-Osaghae, Joy N. Adetiba, James Ameh, Oluwatosin A. Matthews

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: FMIS; Internet of Things; Precision Agriculture; PoC; UML

Online: 17 March 2021 (19:45:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0272.v1

Deep Learning and Conventional Machine Learning for Image-Based in-Situ Fault Detection During Laser Welding: A Comparative Study

Christian Knaak, Moritz Kröger, Frederic Schulze, Peter Abels, Arnold Gillner

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: real-time quality prediction; spatio-temporal features; feature importance; recurrent neural network; high-speed infrared imaging; convolutional neural network; lack of fusion (false friends)

Online: 12 May 2021 (13:55:12 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0709.v1

Water Safety Plan Resources In Jordan Quantity and Quality

Mohammad Fawzi, Mousa Ibrahim Al Ajlouni

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Water shortages; Irrigation Water; water Use; Water Harvesting; Aquifers storage

Online: 30 July 2021 (23:38:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0540.v1

One-bath One-step Dyeing of Polyester/Cotton (PC) Blends Fabric With Disperse Dyes After Acetylation of Cotton

Girmaye Kumsa Bana, Gemeda Gebino Gelebo, Gezu Ketema Janka

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Polyester/cotton blend; One-bath one-step dyeing; surface modification; Acetylation; Disperse dye

Online: 20 April 2021 (12:45:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0616.v1

An Intelligent In-Shoe System for Real-Time Gait Monitoring and Analysis

Jiaen Wu, Kiran Kuruvithadam, Alessandro Schaer, Richie Stoneham, George Chatzipirpiridis, Chris Easthope Awai, Gill Barry, James Martin, Salvador Pané, Bradley J Nelson, Olgaç Ergeneman, Hamdi Torun

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: gait diagnosis; wearable device; graphical descriptor; real-time monitoring; tele-rehabilitation; digital biomarkers

Online: 25 March 2021 (13:52:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0048.v1

Proposal of an Alternative UAV Engine Organic Coolants

Alon Davidy

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: UAV; diesel engine; piston; two phase flow; fatigue cracking; heat transfer analysis; structural analysis; water; boiling point; two-phase flow; organic coolant; DOWTHERM A organic fluid

Online: 5 June 2018 (06:08:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0218.v1

State of the Art of Automated Buses

Jaagup Ainsalu, Ville Arffman, Mauro Bellone, Maximilian Ellner, Taina Haapamäki, Noora Haavisto, Ebba Josefson, Azat Ismailogullari, Eetu Pilli-Sihvola, Olav Madland, Raitis Madzulaitis, Jaanus Muur, Sami Mäkinen, Ville Nousiainen, Eetu Rutanen, Sami Sahala, Boris Schønfeldt, Piotr Marek Smolnicki, Ralf-Martin Soe, Juha Sääski, Magdalena Szymańska, Ingar Vaskinn, Milla Åman

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: driverless buses, autonomous vehicles, intelligent transportation, legal issues of autonomous driving

Online: 12 July 2018 (14:50:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0109.v1

Mobility as a Service: A Review on Recent Development and Future Envision

Haoning Xi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Mobility as a Service (MaaS); future envision

Online: 6 January 2021 (11:07:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0409.v1

A Confirmatory Framework PLS-SEM for Construction Waste Reduction as Part of Achieving Sustainable Development Goals of a Building

Musa Mohammed, Nasir Shafiq, Ali Elmansoury, Noor Amila wan Abdallah Zawawi, Abubakar Muhammad

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Effective Construction; Waste Reduction; achieving Sustainable Development Goals; partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)

Online: 19 July 2021 (12:11:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0128.v1

Properties of Surface Engineered Metallic Parts Prepared by Additive Manufacturing

Nils Stelzer, Torsten Sebald, Markus Hatzenbichler, Benoit Bonvoisin, Baca Lubos, Michael Scheerer

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Additive Manufacturing; Ti6Al4V; SS316L; AlSi10Mg; mechanical properties; Stress corrosion; Surface post- processing; space environment

Online: 4 February 2021 (09:08:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0464.v1

Hybridizing Neural Network with Multi-Verse, Black Hole, and Shuffled Complex Evolution Optimizer Algorithms Predicting the Dissolved Oxygen

Hossein Moayedi, Amir Mosavi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Water quality; dissolved oxygen; Neural network; Metaheuristic schemes

Online: 25 January 2021 (09:50:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0732.v1

Patient-Ventilator Interaction Testing Using the Electro- mechanical Lung Simulator xPULM™during V/A-C and PSV Ventilation Mode

Richard Pasteka, Joao Pedro Santos da Costa, Nelson Barros, Radim Kolar, Mathias Forjan

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: biomedical engineering; breathing simulation; electro-mechanical lung simulator, patient-ventilator interactions; rapidly manufactured ventilator systems testing

Online: 30 March 2021 (11:34:05 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Applications of Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms in Additive Manufacturing: A Review

F Liou, MT Spark, A Flood, M Joshi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Additive Manufacturing; 3D printing

Online: 28 January 2021 (15:30:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0326.v1

Curve Path Detection in Autonomous Vehicle using Deep Learning

Balasriram Kodi, Manimozhi M

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous vehicles, lane detection, curve path detection, convolutional neural networks, deep learning

Online: 24 May 2018 (04:56:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0600.v1

Towards Bengali Word Embedding: Corpus Creation, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evaluations

Md. Rajib Hossain, Mohammed Moshiul Hoque

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Natural language processing; Extrinsic evaluation; Intrinsic evaluation; Word analogy; Word embedding

Online: 23 December 2020 (17:26:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0396.v1

A Unified, Clustering-Based Framework for Detection of Spatial and Energy Anomalies in Trajectories Utilizing ADS-B Data

Samantha Corrado, Tejas Puranik, Olivia Pinon Fischer, Dimitri Mavris

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: air transportation; machine learning; anomaly detection; ADS-B; clustering

Online: 17 February 2021 (14:05:25 CET)

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As air traffic demand grows, robust, data-driven anomaly detection methods are required to ensure that aviation systems become safer and more efficient. The terminal airspace is identified as the most critical airspace for both individual flight-level and system-level safety and efficiency. As such, developing data-driven anomaly detection methods to analyze terminal airspace operations is paramount. With the expansion of ADS-B technology, open-source flight tracking data has become more readily available to enable larger-scale analyses of aircraft operations. This paper makes a distinction between spatial metrics in ADS-B trajectory data and energy metrics derived from ADS-B trajectory data. Motivated by the limited number of approaches that simultaneously consider both spatial and energy metrics, this paper introduces the concepts of spatial anomalies and energy anomalies. In particular, it proposes a novel, unified framework for detection of spatial and energy anomalies in ADS-B trajectory data (and associated derived metrics). The framework consists of three main parts - a data processing procedure, a spatial anomaly detection method, and an energy anomaly detection method. The framework is demonstrated utilizing four months of ADS-B trajectory data associated with arrivals at San Francisco International Airport, and the relationship between the spatial and energy anomalies in this terminal airspace is explored. The results that stem from the implementation of this framework indicate that if an aircraft is spatially not conforming to an identified set of air traffic flows representing standard spatial operations, then this aircraft is more likely to experience non-conformance to standard operations in its energy metrics. Aviation operators, such as air traffic controllers, may benefit from this observation, as it may factor into decision-making in instances where there is the potential to instruct an aircraft to spatially deviate from standard operations. Additionally, this research revealed underlying differences between trajectories that are spatially nominal yet energy-anomalous and those trajectories that are spatially anomalous and energy-anomalous. Focusing solely on energy anomaly detection does not provide insight into potential spatial-related decisions that may have been made to result in off-nominal energy behavior.