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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0299.v1

scRNA-seq Profiling of Human Testes Reveals the Presence of ACE2 Receptor, a Target for SARS-CoV-2 Infection, in Spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli Cells

Zhengpin Wang, Xiaojiang Xu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; infection; scRNA-Seq; ACE2; spermatogonia

Online: 21 February 2020 (02:42:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0307.v1

Influenza Viral Infection is a High-Risk Factor for Developing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Lei Zhang, Youwei Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: COVID-19; influenza; SARS-CoV-2; ACE2; risk factor

Online: 20 March 2020 (06:56:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0004.v1

Artificial Intelligence for Microscopy: What You Should Know

Lucas von Chamier, Romain F. Laine, Ricardo Henriques

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: artificial intelligence; machine learning; live-cell imaging; super-resolution microscopy; classification; segmentation

Online: 1 February 2019 (09:00:39 CET)

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Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Exploring Potential Super Infection in SARS-CoV2 by Genome-Wide Analysis and Receptor–Ligand Docking

Chuanjun Shu, Xuan Huang, Juergen Brosius, Cheng Deng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV2; spike; receptor–ligand docking; super infection

Online: 20 March 2020 (08:30:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0552.v1

The Hyperfunction Theory: An Emerging Paradigm for the Biology of Aging

David Gems

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: antagonistic pleiotropy; insulin/IGF-1 signalling; hyperfunction; quasi-programs; mTOR; theories of aging; programmatic aging

Online: 30 August 2021 (16:11:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0160.v1

NIH SenNet Consortium: Mapping Senescent Cells in the Human Body to Understand Health and Disease

Patty Lee, Philip Blood, Katy Börner, Judith Campisi, Feng Chen, Heike Daldrup-Link, Phil De Jager, Li Ding, Francesca E. Duncan, Oliver Eickelberg, Rong Fan, Toren Finkel, Vesna Garovic, Nils Gehlenborg, Carolyn Glass, Ziv Bar-Joseph, Pragati Katiyar, So-Jin Kim, Melanie Königshoff, George Kuchel, Haesung Lee, Jun H. Lee, Jian Ma, Qin Ma, Simon Melov, Kay Metis, Ana L. Mora, Nicolas Musi, Nicola Neretti, João F. Passos, Irfan Rahman, Juan Carlos Rivera-Mulia, Paul Robson, Mauricio Rojas, Ananda L. Roy, Birgit Schilling, Pixu Shi, Jonathan Silverstein, Vidyani Suryadevera, Jichun Xie, Jinhua Wang, An-Kwok Ian Wong, Laura Niedernhofer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Cellular Senescence Network; Normal Aging; Senescence; Senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SenNet

Online: 11 July 2022 (12:12:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0195.v1

Single-Cell RNA-seq Identifies Cell Subsets in Human Placenta That Highly Expresses Factors to Drive Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

Nancy Ashray, Anshul Bhide, Priyanka Chakarborty, Stacy Colaco, Anuradha Mishra, Karisma Chhabria, Mohit Kumar Jolly, Deepak Modi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Placenta; trophoblast; SARS-CoV-2; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Single cell RNAseq; scRNA-seq; ACE2; TMPRSS2; CD147; CTSL; inflammation

Online: 11 May 2020 (12:50:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0043.v1

An Isolated Complex V Inefficiency and Dysregulated Mitochondrial Function in Immortalized Lymphocytes from ME/CFS Patients

Daniel Missailidis, Sarah Annesley, Claire Allan, Oana Sanislav, Brett Lidbury, Don Lewis, Paul Fisher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; mitochondria; Complex V; TORC1; Seahorse respirometry.

Online: 4 September 2019 (13:29:14 CEST)

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Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is an enigmatic condition characterized by fatigue that is unaided by rest and by exacerbation of symptoms after exertion (post-exertional malaise or “PEM”). There is no definitive molecular marker or known underlying pathological mechanism for the condition. Increasing evidence for aberrant energy metabolism suggests a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in ME/CFS. Our objective was therefore to measure mitochondrial function and cellular stress sensing in actively metabolising patient blood cells. We immortalized lymphoblasts isolated from 51 ME/CFS patients diagnosed according to the Canadian Consensus Criteria and an age- and gender-matched control group. Parameters of mitochondrial function and energy stress sensing were assessed by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis, proteomics, and an array of additional biochemical assays. As a proportion of the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), the rate of ATP synthesis by Complex V was significantly reduced in ME/CFS lymphoblasts, while significant elevations were observed in Complex I OCR, maximum OCR, spare respiratory capacity, nonmitochondrial OCR and “proton leak” as a proportion of the basal OCR. This was accompanied by an elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential, chronically hyperactivated TOR Complex I stress signalling and upregulated expression of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, fatty acid transporters and enzymes of the β-oxidation and TCA cycles. By contrast, mitochondrial mass and genome copy number, as well as glycolytic rates and steady state ATP levels were unchanged. Our results suggest a model in which ME/CFS lymphoblasts have a Complex V defect accompanied by compensatory upregulation of their respiratory capacity that includes the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, membrane transporters and enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. This homeostatically returns ATP synthesis and steady state levels to “normal” in resting cells, but may leave them unable to adequately respond to acute increases in energy demand as the relevant homeostatic pathways are already activated.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0195.v1

Current Understanding on Tail Regeneration in Green Anoles (Anolis carolinensis)

Zulkar Nain, Md Ariful Islam, Sadrul Hasan Chowdhury, Sadia Afroza

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: green anole; tail autotomy; regeneration; microRNAs; Anolis carolinensis

Online: 23 August 2016 (11:25:42 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0220.v1

Maristem - Stem Cells of Marine/Aquatic Invertebrates: From Basic Research to Innovative Applications

Loriano Ballarin, Baruch Rinkevich, Kerstin Bartscherer, Artur Burzynski, Sebastien Cambier, Matteo Cammarata, Isabelle Domart-Coulon, Damjana Drobne, Juanma Encinas, Uri Frank, Anne-Marie Geneviere, Bert Hobmayer, Helike Löhelaid, Daniel Lyons, Pedro Martinez, Paola Oliveri, Lorena Peric, Stefano Piraino, Andreja Ramšak, Sebastian Rakers, Fabian Rentzsch, Amalia Rosner, Tiago Henriques da Silva, Ildiko Somorjai, Sherif Suleiman, Ana Varela Coelho

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: aging; bioactive molecules; blue biotechnology; cancer; cell culture; COST Action; Europe; marine/aquatic invertebrates; regeneration; stem cells

Online: 24 January 2018 (04:14:56 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0039.v1

Curcumin a Multifaceted Compound with Hormetic Behaviour that Mediates an Intricate Crosstalk between Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Mitophagy, Mitophagic Death and Apoptosis

Nathan Earl Rainey, Aoula Moustapha, Raphaelle Parker, Patrice Xavier Petit

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: apoptosis; autophagy; cancer; crosstalk; curcumin; endoplasmic reticulum; hormatic behavior; lysosomes; mitochondria

Online: 10 January 2017 (03:46:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1020033

Nucleolin Interacts and Co-Localizes with Components of Pre-Catalytic Spliceosome Complexes

Iva Ugrinova, Mounira Chalabi-Dchar, Karine Monier, Philippe Bouvet

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: nucleolin; spliceosome assembly; splicing factors; immunofluorescence; proteomic

Online: 1 July 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0068.v2

Classical and Novel TSPO Ligands for the Mitochondrial TSPO can Modulate Nuclear Gene Expression: Implications for Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling

Nasra Yasin, Leo Veenman, Sukhdev Singh, Maya Azrad, Julia Bode, Alex Vainshtein, Bea Caballero, Ilan Marek, Moshe Gavish

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: modulation of nuclear gene expression; mitochondrial 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO); TSPO ligand; PK 11195; 2-Cl-MGV-1; retrograde mitochondrial-nuclear signaling pathway; microscopy; mitochondria; cell nucleus

Online: 17 March 2017 (17:28:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0164.v1

Molecular Evolution in a Peptide-vesicle System

Christian Mayer, Ulrich Schreiber, Maria J. Dávila, Oliver J. Schmitz, Amela Bronja, Martin Meyer, Julia Klein, Sven W. Meckelmann

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Origin of life; evolution; molecular evolution; prebiotic chemistry; peptides; vesicles

Online: 19 March 2018 (13:01:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0121.v1

TGF-β and Physiological Root Resorption of Deciduous Teeth

Emi Shimazaki, Takeo Karakida, Ryuji Yamamoto, Saeko Kobayashi, Makoto Fukae, Yasuo Yamakoshi, Yoshinobu Asada

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: cytokine; gene expression; osteoclast; root resorption; pediatric dentistry; protein expression

Online: 27 October 2016 (12:10:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0179.v1

Δ9–Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-Rich Compositions from Cannabis Have Cytotoxic Activity Against Ovarian Cancer Cells and Act Synergistically With Niraparib in vitro

Nurit Shalev, Michelle Kendall, Seegehalli M Anil, Ajjampura C Vinayaka, Hinanit Koltai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: ovarian cancer; cannabis; phytocannabinoids; apoptosis; cytotoxicity; cell cycle; MAPK4; PARP1

Online: 9 September 2021 (11:57:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0137.v1

A Portable Live Cell Culture and Imaging System with Optional Umbilical Bioreactor Using a Modified Infant Incubator

Malcolm Brinn, Said F. Al-Sarawi, Tien-Fu Lu, Brian J. C. Freeman, Jaliya Kumaratilake, Maciej Henneberg

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: cell culture; bioreactor; live cell imaging; tissue engineering

Online: 31 January 2017 (12:39:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0211.v1

Experimental Dissection of Metalloproteinase Inhibition-Mediated and Toxic Effects of Phenanthroline on Zebrafish Development.

Tonya R. Ellis, Bryan D. Crawford

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Metalloproteinase; phenanthroline; metalloproteinase inhibitor; zebrafish; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; poly aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity; angiogenesis; neural crest; in vivo study

Online: 26 August 2016 (11:19:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0004.v2

Artificial Intelligence for Microscopy: What You Should Know

Lucas von Chamier, Romain F. Laine, Ricardo Henriques

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: artificial intelligence; machine learning; live-cell imaging; super-resolution microscopy; classification; segmentation

Online: 19 February 2019 (12:20:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0490.v1

Correction of the Sickle Cell Mutation Through Base and Prime Editing in Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Kelly Ji

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: base editing; prime editing; ABE; SCD; sickle cell disease; sickle cell anemia; CRISPR; Cas9

Online: 21 September 2020 (04:23:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0092.v1

COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates by Identification of B and T Cell Multi-Epitopes Against SARS-COV-2

Suresh Kumar, Sarmilah Mathavan, Wee Jia Jin, Nur Azznira Bt Azman, Devindren Subramanaiam, Nur Afiqah Binti Zainalabidin, Dhivashini Lingadaran, Zainah Binti Abdul Sattar, Danniya Lakshmi Manickam, Priscilla Sheba Anbananthan, Johan Ahmad Taqiyuddin, Yuvapriya Thevarajan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; epitopes; B-cell; T-cell; immuno informatics; MHC-I; MHC-II

Online: 4 August 2020 (11:18:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0312.v1

Functional Morphology of the Cardiac Jelly in the Tubular Heart of Vertebrate Embryos

Jörg Männer, Talat Mesud Yelbuz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: embryonic heart tube; extracellular matrix; cardiac jelly; hydraulic skeleton; heart skeleton; valveless pumping; blood flow; non-circular cross sections; ballooning; trabeculation

Online: 30 January 2019 (11:16:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0176.v2

Effects of 5 Aza 2^’ Deoxycytidine on Proliferation and Differentiation of Embryonic Chick Caudal Region Chondrocytes in Culture

Samina Hyder Haq

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: ALP (alkaline phosphatase); OA (osteoarthritis); 5-aza dC (5-aza-2’deoxycytidine); epigenetics

Online: 27 December 2016 (09:36:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1020035

Thermodynamic Jump from Prebiotic Microsystems to Primary Living Cells

Vladimir Kompanichenko

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: origin of life; prebiotic system; living cell; oscillation; organic molecule; experiment; hydrothermal system

Online: 4 July 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0229.v1

The Leak Pathway: A Pathway in Flux

Ashley Monaco, Ben Ovryn, Josephine Axis, Kurt Amsler

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: paracellular permeability; tight junction; Pore Pathway; Leak Pathway; occludin; ZO-1; ZO-2; claudin

Online: 22 August 2019 (03:58:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0094.v1

Th17 Cells Interactions with the Brain Endothelium in Vitro

Dagmara Weronika Wojkowska, Piotr Szpakowski, Andrzej Glabinski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Th17 cells; blood - brain barrier; chemokines; VCAM-1; neuroinflammation; multiple sclerosis

Online: 15 March 2017 (07:34:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0022.v1

Seven Challenges in the Multiscale Modelling of Multicellular Tissues

Alexander Fletcher, James Osborne

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Multiscale modelling; cell-based modelling; computational biology; multicellular systems biology

Online: 3 July 2020 (08:43:36 CEST)

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Preprint CONFERENCE PAPER | doi:10.3390/sci2020020

Molecules to Microbes

Sohan Jheeta

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: probable chemistry; LUCA; origin of life; bio-signals; gene transfer; RNA; DNA

Online: 28 March 2020 (00:00:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0176.v1

Effects of 5-Aza-2’ Deoxycytidine on Proliferation and Differentiation of Embryonic Chick Caudal Region Chondrocytes in Culture

Samina Hyder Haq

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: ALP (alkaline phosphatase); OA (osteoarthritis); 5-aza dC (5-aza-2’ deoxycytidine); epigenetics

Online: 19 August 2016 (05:54:39 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0443.v1

Preparing for Tenure at a Research-Intensive University

Michael Boyce, Renato Aguilera

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: tenure preparation; biomedical faculty

Online: 18 December 2020 (07:22:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0006.v1

Expression of the Components of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Oncological Diseases

Sergey Dolomatov, Walery Zukow, Nikolay Novikov, Alexandra Markaryan, Elena Eremeeva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: oncology; ectopic RAS cancer cells; epigenetic stimulation PAC in oncology

Online: 3 December 2018 (04:27:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0149.v1

A Symbiont’s Guide to the Germline

Shelbi Russell, Laura Chappell, William Sullivan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: endosymbiosis, germline, vertical transmission, cell-to-cell transfer

Online: 15 January 2019 (09:55:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0170.v1

Cellular Morphology-Mediated Proliferation and Drug Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells

Ryota Domura, Rie Sasaki, Yuma Ishikawa, Masami Okamoto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Spreading parameter; Cellular proliferation; Drug sensitivity; Substrates; Cancer cells

Online: 26 April 2017 (17:38:07 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0185.v2

Treatment for Canine Corneal Ulcer using Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy - Case Report

Petra de Mello Arantes-Tsuzuki, Patrícia Camacho Mazzonetto, Edson Guimarães Lo Turco

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Eye; Corneal ulcer; Canine; Mesenchymal stem cell; Cell Therapy

Online: 16 December 2019 (11:32:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0547.v1

Alcoholism as a Risk Factor for COVID-19: Boosting Inflammatory Response

Muhammad Akram, Mehwish Iqbal, Marcos Altable, Juan Moises de la Serna

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Alcohol; cytokine; proinflammatory; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 22 March 2021 (15:45:51 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0265.v1

Planar Cell Polarity: The Frizzled Homophobic Signal

José-Eduardo Gomes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: tissue polarity; Drosophila; epithelia; morphogenesis; cell adhesion

Online: 23 September 2019 (10:06:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0170.v1

Vascular Dysfunctions Contribute to the Long-term Cognitive Deficits Following COVID-19

zahra shabani, Jialing Liu, hua su

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Long-COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Endothelial cells; Cognitive dysfunction; Blood Brain Barrier; Neuro-inflammation

Online: 2 June 2023 (09:38:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0008.v1

Intra- and Intercellular Quality Control Mechanisms of Mitochondria

Yoshimitsu Kiriyama, Hiromi Nochi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: mitochondria; mitophagy; transmitophgy; PGC1; mitofusin; DRP1; MIRO1; CD38

Online: 1 December 2017 (13:55:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0603.v1

nanoPaint: Dynamic Imaging of Nanoscopic Structural Plasticity of the Plasma Membrane

Mariana Tasso, Thomas Pons, Nicolas Lequeux, Julie Nguyen, Zsolt Lenkei, Diana Zala

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: super-resolution microscopy; quantum dots; cannabinoid receptor type 1; neuronal plasticity; synapses

Online: 25 October 2018 (11:19:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0303.v1

Glial Bridge Ecology: Cellular Mechanisms that Drive Spinal Cord Regeneration in Zebrafish

Corbin J. Schuster, Robert M. Kao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: glial bridge; ctgfa; Fgf signaling; MAPK signaling; shh; slit2/3; Wnt signaling; genetic compensation; glial bridge cycle; spinal cord regeneration; termination signal; central nervous system; peripheral nervous system; zebrafish

Online: 22 May 2018 (12:09:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0193.v1

Stress-Induced Evolutionary Innovation: A Mechanism for the Origin of Cell Types

Gunter P. Wagner, Eric M. Erkenbrack, Alan C. Love

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: evolutionary innovation, cell type evolution, cellular stress response, evolution of gene regulation, gene regulatory network evolution, decidual cell, evolution of pregnancy

Online: 11 September 2018 (11:41:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0146.v2

Role of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in Cancer

Manuel Reina, Enric Espel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: cancer metastasis; chronic lymphocytic leukemia; exosomes; tumor microenvironment

Online: 29 September 2017 (03:17:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0003.v1

Induction of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in two Human Cancer A549 and HT29 Cells Lines by Barhi Date Palm Kernels Extracts and Three Isolated Cytotoxic Compounds

Israa Mahmud, Mohamed E. S. Mirghani, Mothanna Al-Qubaisi, Beh Yee, Norsharina Ismail, Abdullah Rasedee, Faridah Yusof, Munira Shahabuddin, Ma'an Al-khatib, Nassereldeen Kabbashi, Yumi Hashim, Ayah Hilles, Phirdaous Abbas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: apoptosis; Barhi date palm kernels (BDPK); extractable polyphenols (EPP); non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP); nobiletin (NOB); tectorigenin (TEC); persicogenin (PERSI).

Online: 3 June 2019 (08:33:05 CEST)

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Background and objectives: The initiation of apoptotic death in cancer cells is the aim of many chemotherapeutic strategies. As many anticancer agents have been discovered in natural plant sources, the search for novel phytochemicals displaying anticancer activities continues at a tremendous rate. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of extractable polyphenols (EPP); non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP); nobiletin (NOB); tectorigenin (TEC) and persicogenin (PERS) from Barhi date palm kernels (BDPK) extracts on the induction of apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 and colon cancer HT29 cell lines. Materials and Methods: The anticancer activities were determined using MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to study the cell viability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The underlying mechanism of apoptosis induced by crude extracts and the purified compounds was investigated using caspase-3, -8 and -9 assays and the mitochondrial membrane potential assay. Results: The findings indicate that both BDPK extracts and the purified compounds do exert induced cell death on A549 and HT29 cells. The results observed from MTT- assay and trypan blue exclusion indicate that the cytotoxic effects of both plant extracts and the three isolated flavonoids are dose-dependent with higher cell death after 72 hours treatment. Treatment of human lung and colon cancer cells with EPP, NEPP, NOB, TEC and PERSI induced late stages of apoptosis as there was evidence of the DNA degradation and high percentage of the cells population was situated at sub-G1 phase, indicating a high population of apoptotic cells. Conclusions: Study of the apoptotic mechanism demonstrated that EPP and NEPP exhibited dependent mitochondrial signalling pathway as seen with caspase-9 and induced receptor-mediated (extrinsic) apoptotic pathway as seen with caspase-8. Therefore, our results suggest that BDPK extracts and the three isolated flavonoids could be a good candidate for developing anticancer agents.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0249.v1

Faunal Biodiversity Research in the Republic of Georgia: A Short Review of Trends, Gaps, and Needs in the Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspot

Levan Mumladze, Bella Japoshvili, Elizabeth P. Anderson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Caucasus hot-spot; Georgia; animal biodiversity; bibliometry

Online: 23 August 2019 (11:59:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0423.v1

Is “Cellular Senescence” a Misnomer?

David Gems, Carina Kern

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Aging; cellular senescence; fibroblast; osteoarthritis; remodeling-associated secretory phenotype (RASP); remodeling activation

Online: 27 July 2022 (13:38:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0154.v1

Clinical Significance of Nectin-4 Expression in Metastasis and Angiogenesis for Tumor Relapse

Chinmayee Sethy, Kunal Goutam, Deepika Nayak, Rajalaxmi Pradhan, Sefinew Molla, Subhajit Chatterjee, Niranjan Rout, Michael Wyatt, Satya Narayan, Chanakya Kundu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Nectin-4; metastasis; angiogenesis; circulating tumor cells; cancer relapse

Online: 8 October 2018 (15:52:03 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0505.v1

A Unified Framework to Homologize Appendage Segments across Arthropoda

Heather Bruce, Nipam Patel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: arthropod; appendage; novelty

Online: 29 April 2020 (10:45:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0158.v1

Cell Propagation of Cholera Toxin CTA ADP-Ribosylating Factor by Exosome Mediated Transfer

Cristiana Zanetti, Angelo Gallina, Alessia Fabbri, Sofia Parisi, Angela Palermo, Katia Fecchi, Zaira Boussadia, Maria Carollo, Mario Falchi, Luca Pasquini, Maria Luisa Fiani, Massimo Sargiacomo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Cholera toxin; exosomes; endocytic pathway; Caveolin-1; GM1 ganglioside

Online: 12 April 2018 (05:58:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0234.v1

TERribly Difficult: Searching for Telomerase RNAs in Saccharomycetes

Maria Waldl, Bernhard C. Thiel, Roman Ochsenreiter, Alexander Holzenleiter, João Victor de Araujo Oliveira, Maria Emila M. T. Walter, Michael T. Wolfinger, Peter F. Stadler

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: non-coding RNA; telomerase RNA; secondary structure; synteny; homology search; yeast

Online: 16 May 2018 (11:58:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0115.v1

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Technology and Cardiomyocyte Generation: Progress, Uncertainties and Challenges in the Biological Features and Clinical Applications

Angela Di Baldassarre, Elisa Cimetta, Sveva Bollini, Giulia Gaggi, Barbara Ghinassi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: regenerative medicine; reprogramming; cardiac differentiation; secretoma; tissue engineering

Online: 15 March 2018 (05:02:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0205.v1

C/EBPβ Is a Transcriptional Regulator of Wee1 at the G₂/M Phase of the Cell Cycle

Ji Hae Lee, Jeeyoung Sung, Eun Kyung Choi, Hyun-Kyoung Yoon, Boram Kang, Eunkyung Hong, Byunggyu Park, Yong-Nyun Kim, Seungbae Rho, Kyungsil Yoon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: cell cycle; lung cancer; C/EBPβ; G2/M arrest; Wee1; Y15-pCDK1

Online: 21 January 2019 (10:25:42 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0180.v1

Unanswered Questions Regarding Sex and BMP/TGF-β Signaling

Tapan A. Shah, Melissa B. Rogers

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: BMP; TGF-β; signaling; sex; chromosomes; XIST; genomic imprinting; hormones; fibrosis

Online: 11 May 2018 (09:49:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0190.v1

Mast Cells Interact with Endothelial Cells to Accelerate In Vitro Angiogenesis

Devandir Antonio de Souza Junior, Vivian Marino Mazucato, Ana Carolina Santana, Constance Oliver, Maria Celia Jamur

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: mast cells; angiogenesis; endothelial cells; tube formation assay; co-culture; gap junction

Online: 31 October 2017 (03:51:50 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0509.v1

The Evolution of Hox Genes in Spiralia

Andreas Hejnol, Ludwik Gasiorowski, Jose-Maria Martin-Duran

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: hox genes; gene cluster; larva; evolutionary novelties; Spiralia; Lophotrochozoa; Annelida; Rotifera

Online: 26 November 2021 (13:28:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0197.v1

Activation of ERBB4 in glioblastoma can contribute to increased tumorigenicity and influence therapeutic response

Jacqueline Donoghue, Lauren Kerr, Naomi Alexander, Sameer Greenall, Anthony Longano, Nicholas Gottardo, Rong Wang, Viviane Tabar, Timothy Adams, Paul Mischel, Terrance Johns

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: GBM, EGFR, ERBB4, prognosis, therapy

Online: 12 June 2018 (14:51:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0042.v1

Rapamycin Alleviated the Symptoms of Fat Embolism Syndrome by Modulating Autophagy in a Rat Model

Ying Zhang, Rong Zhang, Xiaotao Xu, Aizhong Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: fat embolism syndrome (FES); autophagy; rapamycin; rat model

Online: 11 September 2017 (09:59:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0095.v1

EP4 as a Therapeutic Target for Aggressive Human Breast Cancer

Mousumi Majumder, Pinki Nandi, Ahmed Omar, Kingsley Chukwunonso Ugwuagbo, Peeyush K. Lala

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: COX-2; breast cancer; PGE2; EP receptors; stem-like cells; metastasis; angiogenesis; lymphangiogenesis; MicroRNAs; triple negative breast cancer

Online: 13 February 2018 (09:16:54 CET)

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs, also called seven-transmembrane or heptahelical receptors) are a superfamily of cell surface receptor proteins that bind to many extracellular ligands and transmit signals to an intracellular guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein). When a ligand binds, the receptor activates the attached G-protein by causing the exchange of Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) for guanosine diphosphate (GDP). They play a major role in many physiological functions as well as in the pathology of many diseases including cancer progression and metastasis. Only a few GPCR members have been exploited as targets for developing drugs with therapeutic benefit in cancer. Present review deals with the Prostaglandin E receptor EP4, a member of the EP family of GPCR, as a promising newer therapeutic target for treating breast cancer. We show that aberrant over-expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, an inflammation-associated enzyme, occurring in 40-50% of breast cancer patients leads to tumor progression and metastasis due to multiple cellular events resulting from an increased prostaglandin (PG) E2 production in the tumor milieu. They include inactivation of host anti-tumor immune (NK and T) cells, increased immuno-suppressor function of tumor-associated macrophages, promotion of tumor cell migration, invasiveness and tumor-associated angiogenesis (due to upregulation of VEGF-A), lymphangiogenesis (due to upregulation of VEGF-C/D) and a stimulation of stem-like cell (SLC) phenotype in cancer cells. All these events were primarily mediated by activation of the PGE receptor EP4 on tumor or host cells. We show that selective EP4 antagonists (EP4A) could mitigate all these events tested with cells in vitro as well as in vivo in syngeneic COX-2 expressing mammary cancer bearing mice or immune-deficient mice bearing COX-2 over-expressing human breast cancer xenografts. We suggest that EP4A can avoid thrombo-embolic side effects of long term use of COX-2 inhibitors by sparing cardio-protective roles of PGI2 via IP receptor activation or PGE2 via EP3 receptor activation. Furthermore, we identified two COX-2/EP4 induced oncogenic and SLC-stimulating microRNAs - miR526b and miR655, one of which (miR655) appears to be a potential blood biomarker in breast cancer patients, for monitoring SLC-ablative therapies such as with EP4A. We suggest that EP4A will likely produce the highest benefit in aggressive breast cancers such as COX-2 expressing triple-negative breast cancers, when combined with other newer agents such as PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0021.v1

Expression Profile of Cell Cycle-related Genes in Human Fibroblasts Exposed Simultaneously to Radiation and Simulated Microgravity

Hiroko Ikeda, Masafumi Muratani, Jun Hidema, Megumi Hada, Keigi Fujiwara, Hikaru Souda, Yukari Yoshida, Akihisa Takahashi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: simulated microgravity; radiation; combined effects; gene expression; cell cycle

Online: 3 June 2019 (12:24:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0063.v1

Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes: Beta Cells versus Pancreatic Progenitors

Essam Abdelalim, Bushra Memon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: hPSCs; hyperglycemia; insulin-secreting cells; β-cell precursors; pancreatic islets; transplantation.

Online: 8 January 2020 (05:30:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0059.v2

The Charcot Marie Tooth Disease Mutation R94Q in MFN2 Decreases ATP Production but Increases Mitochondrial Respiration under Conditions of Mild Oxidative Stress

Christina Wolf, Rahel Zimmermann, Osamah Thaher, Diones Bueno, Verena Wüllner, Michael K.E. Schäfer, Philipp Albrecht, Axel Methner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Oxidative stress, MFN2, mitochondria, fusion/fission

Online: 9 September 2019 (11:46:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0108.v1

Biogenesis of a Solid Condensate: Amyloid Bodies

Miling Wang, Stephen Lee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Nucleolar sequestration, nucleolus, physiological amyloids, ribosomal intergenic spacer, rIGSRNA, liquid-liquid phase separation, liquid-to-solid phase transition, complex coacervation, biomolecular condensates, beta-amyloid, MDM2, VHL, Cdc14, low complexity RNA, acidosis, heat shock

Online: 8 March 2019 (15:12:29 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0272.v1

Metabolic Reprogramming, Meaning and Implications

Pierre Jacquet, Angélique Stéphanou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Metabolic reprogramming; Warburg effect; Cancer metabolism

Online: 14 January 2021 (13:30:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0285.v1

New Insights in Purinergic Therapy: Novel Antagonists for UTP-Activated P2Y Receptors from Natural Products

Natiele Carla da Silva Ferreira, Romulo José Soares-Bezerra, Rebeca Ferreira Couto da Silveira, Clayton Menezes da Silva, Carla Santos de Oliveira, Andrea Calheiros Surrage, Tânia Maria Alves, Carlos Leomar Zani, Luiz Alves

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: P2Y, UTP, antagonist, natural products

Online: 30 January 2018 (13:34:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0185.v1

S-Phase Synchronization Facilitates the Early Progression of Induced-Cardiomyocyte Reprogramming through Enhanced Cell-Cycle Exit

Emre Bektik, Adrienne Dennis, Gary Pawlowski, Danielle Maleski, Satoru Takahashi, Kenneth R. Laurita, Isabelle Deschênes, Ji-dong Fu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: induced cardiomyocyte; epigenetic reprogramming; cell division; cell-cycle synchronization; cell-cycle exit

Online: 21 March 2018 (05:29:25 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0112.v1

Spontaneous Left Cardiac Isomerism in Chick Embryos: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Possible Significance for the Understanding of Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy in the Setting of Human Heterotaxy Syndromes

Jörg Männer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: heterotaxy syndromes; cardiac isomerism; chick embryo; Pitx2; proepicardium; non-compaction cardiomyopathy

Online: 10 October 2019 (05:54:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0223.v1

4-Acetyl-antroquinonol B Suppresses SOD2-Enhanced Cancer Stem Cell-Like Phenotypes and Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inducing hsa-miR-324 Re-Expression

Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu, Ching-Kuo Yang, David T.W. Tzeng, Kuang-Tai Kuo, Chun-Chih Huang, Li Deng, Michael Hsiao, Wei-Hwa Lee, Chi-Tai Yeh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: 4-AAQB; SOD2; hsa-miR-324; colon cancer stem cells; chemoresistance; chemosensitivity

Online: 13 July 2018 (04:24:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0094.v1

The Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitor Fasudil can Replace Y-27632 for Use in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Research

Seongjun so, Yeonmi Lee, Jumi Park, Ji-yoon Lee, Doin Kim, Julie Hwang, Joosung Shin, Jiwan Choi, Yuri Han, Seoon Kang, James R. Dutton, Eul-Ju Seo, Beom Hee Lee, Chong Jai Kim, Shoukhrat Mitalipov, Soojin Oh, Eunju Kang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: hPSCs; ROCK inhibitors; fasudil; cell survival; metabolism; differentiation

Online: 8 November 2019 (10:41:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0128.v1

Integrating Single Cell RNA-Sequencing Analyses and Functional Assays to Decipher Cell Differentiation Hierarchies in the Mammary Epithelium

Joseph L. Regan, Matthew J. Smalley

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: stem cells; luminal progenitors; mammary; breast; cell hierarchy; differentiation; single cell RNA-sequencing; lineage tracing; c-Kit

Online: 14 June 2019 (04:24:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0017.v1

Growth Factor-free Chondrogenic Differentiation from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells using Minicircle Vectors

Yeri Alice Rim, Yoojun Nam, Ji Hyeon Ju

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: minicircle; induced pluripotent stem cells; chondrogenesis; chondrocyte; bone morphogenetic proteins; transforming growth factors

Online: 2 April 2018 (09:59:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0047.v1

Inverse Regulation of Lipocalin-2/24p3 Receptor/Slc22a17 and Lipocalin-2 Expression by Tonicity, Nfat5/TonEBP and Arginine Vasopressin in Mouse Cortical Collecting Duct Cells mCCD(cl.1): Implications for Osmotolerance

Stephanie Probst, Bettina Scharner, Wing-Kee Lee, Frank Thévenod

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Kidney; hypertonicity; osmotic stress; lipocalin-2; lipocalin-2 receptor; lipopolysaccharide; TonEBP; CREB

Online: 4 September 2019 (14:24:49 CEST)

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The rodent collecting duct (CD) expresses a 24p3/NGAL/lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) receptor (Slc22a17) apically to possibly mediate high-affinity reabsorption of filtered proteins by endocytosis, yet its functions remain uncertain. Recently, we showed that hyperosmolarity/-tonicity upregulates Slc22a17 in cultured mouse inner medullary CD cells, whereas activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) via bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) downregulates Slc22a17. This is similar to the upregulation of Aqp2 by hyperosmolarity/-tonicity and arginine vasopressin (AVP) and downregulation by TLR4 signaling that occur via the transcription factors Nfat5 (TonEBP or OREBP), cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), and nuclear factor-kappa B, respectively. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of osmolarity/tonicity via Nfat5, AVP via CREB and TLR4 signaling on the expression of Slc22a17 and its ligand Lcn2 in the mouse (m) cortical collecting duct cell line mCCD(cl.1). Normosmolarity/-tonicity was 300 mosmol/l whereas addition of 50-100 mmol/l NaCl for up to 72 h induced hyperosmolarity/-tonicity (400-500 mosmol/l). RT-PCR, qPCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy detected Slc22a17 and Lcn2 expression. RNAi silenced Nfat5, and the pharmacological agent 666-15 blocked CREB. Activation of TLR4 occurred with LPS. Similar to Aqp2, hyperosmotic/-tonic media and AVP upregulated Slc22a17 via activation of Nfat5 and CREB, respectively, and LPS/TLR4 signaling downregulated Slc22a17. Conversely, though Nfat5 mediated hyperosmolarity/-tonicity induced downregulation of Lcn2 expression, AVP reduced Lcn2 expression and predominantly apical Lcn2 secretion evoked by LPS, but through a posttranslational mode of action that was independent of cAMP signaling. In conclusion, the hyperosmotic/-tonic upregulation of Slc22a17 in mCCD(cl.1) cells via Nfat5 and by AVP via CREB suggests a contribution of Slc22a17 to adaptive osmotolerance, whereas Lcn2 downregulation could counteract increased proliferation and permanent damage of osmotically stressed cells.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0087.v1

Why a Constant Number of Vertebrae? - Digital Control of Segmental Identity During Vertebrate Development

Andrzej Kudlicki

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Hox genes; collinearity; segmental identity; chromatin modifications; vertebral malformations; vertebrae; Hox synteny; somitogenesis; Notch pathway

Online: 7 August 2019 (03:51:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0281.v1

The Role of Apoptotic Signaling in Axon Guidance

Riley Kellermeyer, Leah M. Heydman, Grant S. Mastick, Thomas Kidd

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: axon guidance; growth cone; cytoskeleton; caspases; apoptosis; signal integration; basal level of caspase activity; death associated inhibitor of apoptosis; axon branching; Netrin; DCC; frazzled; slit; robo; Drosophila

Online: 16 September 2018 (09:43:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0317.v1

Transpositional Recombination and Site-Specific Recombination May Be Initiated by Copy Choice during DNA Synthesis Rather Than Break/Join Mechanism

Lei Jia, Jingyun Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: transpositional recombination; site-specific recombination; meiotic recombination; the intertwinement model; branched structure; Holliday junction; copy choice

Online: 18 August 2018 (03:50:48 CEST)

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Types of DNA recombination include homologous recombination and nonhomologous recombination. Homologous DNA recombination is a general term that includes exchange of information between chromatids: (reciprocal) crossing-over, gene conversion, and post-meiotic segregation. Gene conversion is now thought to be a type of non-Mendelian segregation of heterozygous markers near the recombination initiation site. Thus, it includes both gene conversion and post-meiotic segregation previously described. DNA non-HR including transpositional recombination and site-specific recombination. Our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which DNA recombination occurs has significantly increased in the past decades. Currently The synthesis-dependent strand annealing model is now thought to give rise to most or all noncrossovers, with the double-strand-break repair model forming mainly crossovers. The Shapiro model proposed by Dr. J. Shapiro explains the molecular mechanism of transpositional recombination. Site-specific recombination results from another distinct model. We previously proposed a novel theory which can provide a more reasonable and simpler explanation accounting for DNA HR including the 3 classes of recombinogenic events described above. In the new supplementedly molecular model, DNA meiotic recombination can be initiated by a copy choice mechanism, that is, copying part of 1 single-stranded DNA template, followed by DNA polymerase switching to another single-stranded DNA template, and then resuming the following DNA synthesis along the new template. The current review suggests that transpositional recombination and site-specific recombination should be initiated by copy choice during DNA synthesis rather than break/join mechanism. The work indicates that review of DNA nonhomologous recombination are very necessary. The novel theory would challenge earlier models accounting for transpositional recombination and site-specific recombination and would be critical to the understanding of the mechanisms. We hope copy choice initiating DNA nonhomologous recombination will be one of the concepts that are explored. Proper and specific experiments are required to reconstruct the detailed mechanism described here.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0039.v1

The Origin(s) of Cell: Some Radical New Hypotheses

Shiping Tang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: LUCA; FUCA; horizontal biomolecule transfer; horizontal gene transfer

Online: 4 February 2020 (05:27:46 CET)

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The central mechanism of biological evolution, variation-selection-inheritance (VSI), is one of the most universal mechanisms known. Much of our understanding of VSI, however, has been dominated by the Neo-Darwinian Modern Synthesis with a rather narrow understanding of what constitutes variation, selection, and inheritance. This unduly narrow understanding of VSI might have been a key cause behind our failure to adequately explain some critical puzzles in biological evolution, from the origin of the first cell to the origin of the eukaryotes, the puzzling biology of metabolism, apoptosis, aging, and cancer in metazoan.I broaden our understanding of VSI, in a spirit that is somewhat similar to several recent contributions and then extend this broadened view of VSI to its natural starting point: the origin of the First Universal Cell Ancestor (FUCA). I advance three principal arguments. First, survival comes before replication. Before the coming of reproducer and replicator, there must be survivors, to paraphrase Szathmary and Maynard Smith (1997). Second, natural selection, especially the non-Darwinian kind, can operate without replication or even metabolism, as long as different molecules, complexes, and vesicles have differential survival rate within a system. Third, merger and acquisition, via breaking-and-re-encapsulation, endocytosis, endosymbiosis, and processes similar to them, had been a far more powerful force of variation and selection in the pre-Darwinian period of evolution that led to LUCA and long before eukaryogenesis. Endosymbiosis therefore had been a far more foundational force than even Lynn Margulis and many of her supporters have appreciated. Our thesis thus goes beyond Woese’s emphasis of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and actually subsumes HGT with Margulis’ emphasis of endosymbiosis. Combing these three new perspectives with other perspectives and evidence sheds important new light upon the origin of FUCA, the singular water-shedding moment in the evolution of life.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0341.v1

Effect of Anti-cancerous Compounds on Cancer Cells Extracted From Edible Mushrooms: A Review

Kannan Vignesh, Moumita Ghosh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Edible Mushrooms; anti-cancerous; bioactive compounds; therapeutic; β-glucan

Online: 20 September 2021 (15:33:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0258.v1

Recent Progress on Methods for Estimating and Updating Large Phylogenies

Paul Zaharias, Tandy Warnow

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: phylogeny estimation; multiple sequence alignment; phylogenetic placement; phylogenomics; taxon identification; maximum likelihood

Online: 18 October 2021 (15:43:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0258.v2

Recent Progress on Methods for Estimating and Updating Large Phylogenies

Paul Zaharias, Tandy Warnow

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: phylogeny estimation; multiple sequence alignment; phylogenetic placement; phylogenomics; taxon identification; maximum likelihood

Online: 12 January 2022 (18:56:42 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0254.v1

Contribution of Inhibitor of Differentiation (ID) and Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors to Neurocognitive Disorders

Andrea Avecilla, Mayur Doke, Jeremy Jovellanos, Vincent Avecilla

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: endocrine disruptor, environmental health sciences, gene-environment, inhibitor of differentiation, neurocognitive disorders

Online: 14 July 2018 (23:30:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0395.v1

Cardiac Hypertrophy in a Dish: A Human Stem Cell Based Model

Markus Johansson, Benjamin Ulfenborg, Christian X Andersson, Sepideh Hagvall, Anders Jeppsson, Peter Sartipy, Jane Synnergren

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: cardiac hypertrophy; cardiomyocytes; disease model; endothelin-1; stem cells

Online: 30 November 2019 (12:38:21 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0302.v1

UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF DYSFUNCTIONAL AND HEALTHY MITOCHONDRIA IN STROKE PATHOLOGY AND ITS TREATMENT

Hung Nguyen, Sydney Zarriello, Mira Rajani, Julian Tuazon, Eleonora Napoli, Cesar Borlongan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: cerebral ischemia, blood brain barrier, endothelial cells, impaired mitochondria, neurovascular unit, regenerative medicine, stem cell therapy, transfer of healthy mitochondria, vasculature

Online: 19 June 2018 (14:27:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0376.v1

Information Theory as an Experimental Tool for Integrating Disparate Biophysical Signaling Modules

Patrick McMillen, Michael Levin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: information theory; embryogenesis; regeneration; cell biology; morphogenesis; calcium

Online: 25 July 2022 (12:35:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0120.v1

The Reeler Mouse: A Translational Model of Human Neurological Conditions or Simply a Good Tool for Better Understanding Neurodevelopment?

Laura Lossi, Claudia Castagna, Alberto Granato, Adalberto Merighi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: reelin; lis2; adlte; autism; schizophrenia; translational models; gabaergic interneurons; dendritic spines; forebrain; cerebellum

Online: 10 October 2019 (15:31:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0064.v1

The Cancer Aneuploidy Paradox: In the Light of Evolution

Kristine Salmina, Anda Huna, Martins Kalejs, Dace Pjanova, Harry Scherthan, Mark S. Cragg, Jekaterina Erenpreisa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: cancer; aneuploidy; meio-mitosis; disabled spindle; autokaryogamy; somatic pairing; recombination on kinetochores; reduction; chromothripsis; cleavage embryo

Online: 8 January 2019 (11:22:11 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0160.v2

NIH SenNet Consortium: Mapping Senescent Cells in the Human Body to Understand Health and Disease

Patty J Lee, Philip Blood, Katy Börner, Judith Campisi, Feng Chen, Heike Daldrup-Link, Phil De Jager, Li Ding, Francesca E. Duncan, Oliver Eickelberg, Rong Fan, Toren Finkel, Vesna Garovic, Nils Gehlenborg, Carolyn Glass, Ziv Bar-Joseph, Pragati Katiyar, So-Jin Kim, Melanie Königshoff, George Kuchel, Haesung Lee, Jun H. Lee, Jian Ma, Qin Ma, Simon Melov, Kay Metis, Ana L. Mora, Nicolas Musi, Nicola Neretti, João F. Passos, Irfan Rahman, Juan Carlos Rivera-Mulia, Paul Robson, Mauricio Rojas, Ananda L. Roy, Birgit Schilling, Pixu Shi, Jonathan Silverstein, Vidyani Suryadevera, Jichun Xie, Jinhua Wang, An-Kwok Ian Wong, Laura Niedernhofer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Cellular Senescence Network; Normal Aging; Senescence; Senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SenNet

Online: 15 September 2022 (12:52:05 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

In vivo-Like Hierarchical Coculture of Hepatocytes, Hepatic Stellate Cells, and Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells for TGF-b-Induced Early Liver Fibrosis Studies in vitro

Qiao You Lau, Fuad Gandhi Torizal, Marie Shinohara, Yasuyuki Sakai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: fibrogenesis; hepatic stellate cells; coculture; transforming growth factor beta; oxygen tension

Online: 16 December 2020 (08:51:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0346.v1

Role of Exosomes in the Regulation of T-cell Mediated Immune Responses and in Autoimmune Disease

Alberto Anel, Ana Gallego-Lleyda, Diego de Miguel, Javier Naval, Luis Martínez-Lostao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Exosomes, extracellular vesicles, immune regulation, autoimmunity

Online: 28 December 2018 (12:28:28 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0355.v1

TGF-β Sustains Tumor Progression through Biochemical and Mechanical Signal Transduction

Robert L. Furler, Douglas F. Nixon, Christine A. Brantner, Anastas Popratiloff, Christel H. Uittenbogaart

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: TGF-β; cancer; immunosuppression; TAK1; mechanobiology; extracellular matrix; tensegrity; DNA damage

Online: 25 May 2018 (08:37:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0155.v1

Image based annotation of Chemogenomic Libraries for Phenotypic Screening

Amelie Tjaden, Apirat Chaikuad, Eric Kowarz, Rolf Marschalek, Stefan Knapp, Martin Schröder, Susanne Müller

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Phenotypic Screening; High Content Imaging; Chemogenomics; Machine Learning; Cell cycle

Online: 11 January 2022 (23:53:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0492.v1

Advances and Perspectives of Light-gated Phosphodiesterases for Optogenetic Applications

Yuehui Tian, Shang Yang, Shiqiang Gao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: cyclic nucleotides; phosphodiesterases (PDEs); optogenetics; cAMP; cGMP

Online: 22 August 2020 (05:04:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0136.v1

Multimarker Approach to Evaluate the Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields at 27 GHz (5g) On Danio rerio larvae

Roberta Pecoraro, Santi Concetto Pavone, Elena Maria Scalisi, Sara Ignoto, Carmen Sica, Fabiano Capparucci, Carmelo Iaria, Antonio Salvaggio, Gino Sorbello, Loreto Di Donato, Maria Violetta Brundo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: millimeter waves; zebrafish; DanioScope; biomarkers of exposure; SAR.

Online: 11 January 2022 (12:22:42 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0138.v1

MAPK/ERK Signaling in Renal Differentiation

Kristen Kurtzeborn, Hyuk Nam Kwon, Satu Kuure

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MAPK/ERK signaling; intracellular signaling; kidney development; ureteric bud branching morphogenesis; nephrogenesis; progenitor cells; self-renewal; differentiation

Online: 13 March 2019 (09:00:32 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0194.v1

Selective Drivers of Simple Multicellularity

Kai Tong, G. Ozan Bozdag, William C. Ratcliff

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Complexity; Evolution; Major transitions; Multicellularity; Selective driver; Environment; Size; Division of labor

Online: 10 November 2021 (08:39:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0564.v1

Rapamycin Alternatively Modifies Mitochondrial Dynamics in Dendritic Cells to Reduce Kidney Ischemic Reperfusion Injury

Maria Namwanje, Bijay Bisunke, Thomas V. Rousselle, Gene G. Lamanilao, Venkatadri S. Sunder, Canan Kuscu, Cem Kuscu, Daniel Maluf, Manjari Kiran, Valeria Mas, James D. Eason, Amandeep Bajwa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Dendritic cell; Rapamycin; Mitochondria; Acute kidney injury; Ischemic Reperfusion Injury

Online: 21 April 2021 (09:13:27 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Quantitative Analysis of Nuclear Lamins Imaged by Super-Resolution Light Microscopy

Mark Kittisopikul, Laura Virtanen, Pekka Taimen, Robert D. Goldman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: lamins; structured illumination microscopy; single molecule localization microscopy; steerable filters; computational geometry; delaunay triangulation; voronoi tessellation

Online: 22 March 2019 (15:55:59 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0087.v1

Exploring Mitochondrial Localization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by Padlock Assay. A Pilot Study in Human Placenta

Maria Grazia Di Certo, Francesca Gabanella, Christian Barbato, Nicoletta Corbi, Marco Fiore, Carla Petrella, Marco de Vincentiis, Antonio Greco, Giampiero Ferraguti, Alessandro Corsi, Massimo Ralli, Irene Pecorella, Cira R.T. Di Gioia, Francesco Pecorini, Roberto Brunelli, Claudio Passananti, Antonio Minni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 RNA; mitochondria; placenta; padlock

Online: 6 January 2022 (12:35:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0340.v1

Long-term Transplant Effects of iPSC-RPE Monolayer in Immunodeficient RCS Rats

Deepthi S. Rajendran Nair, Danhong Zhu, Ruchi Sharma, Juan Carlos Martinez Camarillo, Kapil Bharti, David R. Hinton, Mark S. Humayun, Biju B. Thomas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: iPSC-RPE; retinal pigment epithelium; immunodeficient RCS rat; ultrathin parylene; retinal degeneration; retinal transplantation

Online: 20 September 2021 (15:31:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0431.v1

Developmental- and tissue-specific changes of ubiquitin forms in Drosophila melanogaster.

Ágota Nagy, Levente Kovács, Zoltán Lipinszki, Margit Pál, Péter Deák

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: ubiquitin quantification, ubiquitylation, deubiquitylation, protein degradation, Drosophila melanogaster

Online: 26 June 2018 (15:59:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0085.v2

Meta-Analysis of Cancer Triploidy: Whole-Genome Rearrangements in Male Human Tumours Are Characterised by XXY Karyotypes

Ninel M. Vainshelbaum, Pawel Zayakin, Regina Kleina, Alessandro Giuliani, Jekaterina Erenpreisa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: cancer near-triploidy; male tumours; karyotype meta-analysis; XXY; whole genome rearrangements; digyny

Online: 14 July 2019 (09:25:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0503.v2

Multiple Pathways in the Control of the Shade Avoidance Response

Giovanna Sessa, Monica Carabelli, Marco Possenti, Giorgio Morelli, Ida Ruberti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: Arabidopsis; auxin; HD-Zip transcription factors; light environment; photoreceptors

Online: 25 October 2018 (10:01:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0157.v1

Regulation of FOXP3 Expression in Blood Cells in Response to All-Trans-Retinoic Acid, Interleukin 2 and Transforming Growth Factor β

Aleksandra Ilnicka, Elżbieta Gocek, Justyna Łopatecka, Ewa Marcinkowska

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: blood cells; differentiation; myeloid leukemia; monocytes; lymphocytes; transcription factors; all-trans-retinoic acid; interleukin 2; transforming growth factor β

Online: 12 December 2018 (15:51:17 CET)

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Biology and Life Sciences