Search Subject Areas | Preprints.org

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0242.v1

Characteristics and Prognosis of COVID-19 in Patients with COPD

Desirée Graziani, Joan B Soriano, Carlos Del Rio-Bermudez, Diego Morena, Teresa Díaz, María Castillo, Miguel Alonso, Julio Ancochea, José Luis Izquierdo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COPD; COVID-19; prevalence; prognosis

Online: 11 September 2020 (05:47:59 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0307.v1

Analysing Poverty during Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia Based on Historical Perspective

Reni Putri Nurhidayati, Moses Pandin

Subject: Social Sciences, Government Keywords: Policy; Poverty; Covid-19 Pandemic; Government

Online: 11 June 2021 (09:02:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0306.v1

Quarantine and COVID-19

Michelle Flores, Sepideh Alasvand Zarasvand

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Quarantine; COVID-19; Physical activity

Online: 12 February 2021 (14:39:16 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0139.v1

Resilience of Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic the 21 St Century Global Nursing Paradigm : A Literatur Review

Ari Damayanti Wahyuningrum, Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Resilience; Nurses; Covid-19

Online: 5 April 2021 (14:00:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Serologic Response to mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination in Lymphoma Patients

Eric M. Jurgens, Thomas J. Ketas, Zhen Zhao, Michael J. Satlin, Catherine B. Small, Ashley Sukhu, Erik Francomano, PJ Klasse, Arcania Garcia, Emeline Nguyenduy, Erica Bhavsar, Silvia Formenti, Richard Furman, John P. Moore, John P. Leonard, Peter Martin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; lymphoma; BNT162b2; mRNA-1273

Online: 28 July 2021 (17:21:17 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0309.v1

Measuring the Resilience of Criminogenic Ecosystems to Global Disruption: A Case-Study of COVID-19 in China

Herve Borrion, Justin Kurland, Nick Tilley, Peng Chen

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: security; resilience; pandemic; COVID-19

Online: 26 June 2020 (12:14:21 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0051.v3

Bulk and Single-Cell Transcriptomics Identify Tobacco-Use Disparity in Lung Gene Expression of ACE2, the Receptor of 2019-nCov

Guoshuai Cai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Wuhan 2019-nCov; ACE2; expression; susceptibility; race; age; gender; smoking; single cell

Online: 2 March 2020 (01:38:52 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0617.v1

Estimating COVID-19 Related Mortality in India: An Epidemiological Challenge with Insufficient Data

Lauren Zimmermann, Maxwell Salvatore, Giridhara Babu, Bhramar Mukherjee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; India; mortality data

Online: 25 May 2021 (15:06:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0182.v1

Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Research on Ralstonia solanacearum: A Complex Pathogen with Extraordinary Economic Consequences

Sujan Paudel, Shefali Dobhal, Anne M. Alvarez, Mohammad Arif

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Ralstonia solanacearum species complex; taxonomy; phylogenomic; plant bacteria; tomato wilt; bacterial wilt; brown rot of potato; Granville Wilt of tobacco; moko disease of banana; Bugtok disease; spewy eye

Online: 8 September 2020 (10:19:34 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0066.v1

The Role of Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in Understanding the Coagulation Problems in COVID-19 Associated Critical Illness

Natalie Duric, Tamas Szakmany

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: ROTEM; COVID-19; coagulation

Online: 1 February 2021 (17:34:13 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0165.v1

Self-Reported Exposure to ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke), Urinary Cotinine and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Pregnant Women – the Pilot Study

Lubica Argalasova, Ingrid Zitnanova, Diana Vondrova, Monika Dvorakova, Lucia Laubertova, Jana Jurkovicova, Juraj Stofko, Michael Weitzman, Martin Simko

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS); pregnant women; questionnaire; urinary cotinine; oxidative stress parameters

Online: 15 March 2019 (14:03:35 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0265.v1

A National Cross-Sectional Survey to Assess Tobacco and Nicotine Product Usage Patterns and Behaviour Since the Introduction of Tobacco Heating Products in Japan: Wave 1

Joshua Jones, Jason Adamson, Claudia Kanitscheider, Krishna Prasad, Oscar M. Camacho, Ekaterina Beliaeva, Hans Bauer, Yoga Keralapura, James Murphy

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: Tobacco and nicotine products; tobacco heating products; cigarettes; switching; consumer behaviour; usage patterns.

Online: 10 December 2020 (14:01:14 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0290.v1

COVID-19 Pandemic and the Digital Revolution in Academia and Higher Education

Wadim Strielkowski

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: academia; higher education; coronavirus pandemic; online tuition; social distancing; COVID-19; digital revolution

Online: 17 April 2020 (01:56:58 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0042.v1

Validity and Reliability of the Kinovea Program in Obtaining Angular and Distance Dimensions

Albert Puig-Diví, Josep Maria Padullés-Riu, Albert Busquets-Faciaben, Xavier Padullés-Chando, Carles Escalona-Marfil, Daniel Marcos-Ruiz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: free software; human motion; Kinovea; low cost; reliability; validity; video analysis

Online: 9 October 2017 (05:07:57 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0201.v1

Modelling the Population Health Impacts of Heated Tobacco Products in Japan

Oscar M. Camacho, Andrew Hill, Stacy Fiebelkorn, Joshua Jones, Krishna Prasad, Christopher Proctor, James J. Murphy

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: Tobacco harm reduction; tobacco heating products; THP; HTP; population health; Japan projections; nicotine; system dynamics

Online: 8 December 2020 (12:44:24 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0601.v1

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Classification, Applications and Challenges: A Review

Gaurav Singhal, Babankumar Bansod, Lini Mathew

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Drone, Remote Sensing, control station, Multispectral, Aviation, Regulations

Online: 27 November 2018 (12:08:39 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0152.v1

Face Biometrics as a Potential Predictor for COVID-19 Susceptibility

Oleg Kit

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; face recognition

Online: 7 June 2021 (08:29:46 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0310.v1

Indonesia’s Millennial Generation Education Progress during Covid-19

Muhammad Naufal Priyotomo, Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: Covid-19; Millennial; Education Progress

Online: 11 June 2021 (09:19:51 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Because of the covid-19 pandemic, world development has de-escalated, and some have come to a halt because there are many new problems that this era never faced before. Especially in Indonesia's education, every student in this millennial era who is already used to face-to-face lectures and teachers and professors are going through massive changes where every task will be done virtually. These actions are being done to prevent the spread of Covid-19. With online meetings, there will be many changes in the curriculum to find an effective way of studying, and the former curriculum will not fit because it was made for the offline lecture. Also adapting to it will take time. This article will bring up Indonesia’s education progress in this era while Covid-19 pandemic is happening and give an insight on how to anticipate this problem. Questions that arise from this topic are the effect of government effort on holding the pandemic, is it safe if school will be opened soon, and how education after this pandemic is. This research uses literature review methods where it’s done by search, gather, compile and interpret data that is being used. The data are from the latest research, namely from 2019 to 2021 published through Google Scholar, totaling 11 articles, and few online news to keep relevancy of the topic. The results of this study indicate that Covid-19 produces a change that is worse than the good. Even so, the government has allowed face-to-face and online learning according to the consent of students and parents. Thus, the community, especially students, teachers, and others, are expected to uphold education even though it is required to adapt according to existing protocols. From the research, literature review methods proved to be effective to study this topic while Covid-19 is happening to keep safety measures, but it does not give many details and specific information well. This method is recommended to researchers who don’t want to risk their life by being exposed to the pandemic.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0083.v1

The Joint Use of Multiple Satellite SAR Data and Geotechnical Models for the Study of the Shanghai Ocean-Reclaimed Lands

Antonio Pepe, Manuela Bonano, Qing Zhao, Tianliang Yang, Hanmei Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: deformation; interferometry; geotechnical models; non‐linear problem; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); time‐series

Online: 8 August 2016 (14:50:19 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0077.v4

The Ongoing COVID-19 Epidemic Curves Indicate Initial Point Spread in China With Log-Normal Distribution of New Cases per Day With a Predictable Last Date of the Outbreak Version 4: Predictions for Selected European Countries, USA and the World as a Whole and Try to Predict the End of the Outbreak Including a Discussion of a Possible “New Normal”

Stefan Olsson, Jing Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: epidemiology; COVID-19

Online: 19 April 2020 (08:15:10 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

During an epidemic outbreak it is useful for planners and responsible authorities to be able to plan ahead to estimate when an outbreak of an epidemic is likely to ease and when the last case can be predicted in their area of responsibility. Theoretically this could be done for a point source epidemic using epidemic curve forecasting. The extensive data now coming out of China makes it possible to test if this can be done using MS Excel a standard spreadsheet program available to most offices. The available data is divided up for whole China and the different provinces. This and the high number of cases makes the analysis possible. Data for new confirmed infections for Hubei, Hubei outside Wuhan, China excluding Hubei as well as Zhejiang and Fujian provinces all follow a log-normal distribution that can be used to make a rough estimate for the date of the last new confirmed cases in respective areas. In the version 2 continuation work, 9 additional days were added for the Chinese data to evaluate the previous predictions. The extra data then available from China follows the previous predicted trend supporting the usefulness of this simple technique. In the version 2 we also tested the feasibility for a non-specialist to make similar predictions using additional data from S Korea now available. In this third continuation the predictions for Version 2 are evaluated for S Korea and fits well the beginning of the decline but it seems to be difficult to bring down numbers of cases per day under about 100 new cases per day, potential reasons for this is discussed. To further evaluate when in a prediction becomes reliable the Chinese data was used to evaluate to make predictions for each day around the peak in number of cases and after2-3 consecutive days of decreasing new cases per day the prediction becomes reliable. In version 3 data for Italy just reaching this point was used to make further predictions for that country. A second new analysis was also added to use the fitted equation to detect when the acceleration of new cases per day stopped increasing exponentially. In the Chinese case this measured point coincides with the date of the complete Hubei lockdown and in the new Italian analysis it coincides with the mandatory Italian lockdown. Predicted dates for the end of the Italian outbreak is also added. In version 4 we expand the analysis to selected European countries, USA and the World as a whole and try to predict the end of the outbreak. We further discuss the apparent success of the used techniques that might work to introduce a “new normal” not very different to the previous to stop secondary outbreaks of COVID19 and future COVIDs that are sure to come.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0152.v1

Cropping up Crisis at the Nexus Between COVID-19 and AMR in Africa: A Scoping Review and Synthesis of Early Evidence

Girma Gutema, Gadissa Homa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19 impacts; Antimicrobial resistance; Africa

Online: 7 May 2021 (16:21:37 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0017.v1

Profiles of Violence and Use of Alcohol and Tobacco in Relation to the Impulsivity: Sustainable Consumption in Adolescents

María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes, María del Mar Molero Jurado, Ana Belén Barragán Martín, José Jesús Gázquez Linares

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: tobacco; alcohol; physical aggression; verbal aggression; impulsivity

Online: 3 January 2019 (12:27:20 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0264.v1

Self-Reported Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Avoidance Compared with Cotinine Confirmed Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Pregnant Women and Their Infants

Adam Gregory Gavarkovs, Patricia Markham Risica, Donna R. Parker, Ernestine Jennings, Jennifer Mello, Maureen Phipps

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: environmental tobacco exposure; pregnancy; infancy; measurement

Online: 30 March 2018 (09:51:09 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0440.v1

Clinical Relevance of Elevated Soluble ST2, HSP27 and 20S Proteasome in Patients with COVID-19

Ralph Wendt, Marie-Therese Lingitz, Maria Laggner, Michael Mildner, Denise Traxler, Alexandra Graf, Pavla Krotka, Bernhard Moser, Konrad Hoetzenecker, Sven Kalbitz, Christoph Luebbert, Joachim Beige, Hendrik Jan Ankersmit

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; HSP27; sST2; ARDS; biomarker

Online: 23 August 2021 (13:23:05 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0288.v1

The Influence and Interaction of Tobacco-Related Information Exposure on Youth Smoking Behavior and Smoking Susceptibility: Sex and School Type Difference

Jingfen Zhu, Jiahui Li, Yaping He, Na Li, Gang Xu, Jinming Yu

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: adolescent; current smoking; smoking behavior; tobacco message exposure

Online: 24 May 2019 (08:34:44 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

COVID-19, What Could Sepsis, Severe Acute Pancreatitis, Gender Differences and Aging Teach Us?

Claudio Gallo, Sirio Fiorino, Giovanni Posabella, Donato Antonacci, Antonio Tropeano, Emanuele Pausini, Carlotta Pausini, Tommaso Guarniero, Marco Zancanaro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: COVID-19; Sepsis; Inflammation

Online: 19 July 2020 (15:11:24 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Severe COVID-19 disease is characterised by an exaggerated inflammatory response, called cytokine storm, accompanied by a condition of immune depression. Even sepsis is characterised by an exaggerated inflammatory response, called SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome), accompanied by a condition of immune depression called CARS (compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome). Clinical studies reveal that most sepsis patients who did not die during the hyper inflammatory response (SIRS) subsequently succumbed to the condition of immune depression (CARS). Severe acute pancreatitis begins with local inflammation that induces systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), accompanied and followed by a compensatory anti-inflammatory response (CARS). In COVID-19 disease, the male response to SARS CoV-2 virus is typically characterised by a robust inflammatory response. Instead, a cell-mediated immune response is dominant in women. This means that the male sex tends to have a more robust hyper inflammatory response than the female one. Furthermore, in women the condition of immune depression is less represented, therefore they are more protected. Sepsis, severe acute pancreatitis and COVID-19 disease evolve between two fundamental aspects: hyper inflammation and immunodepression. The experience gained over years of studies of sepsis and severe acute pancreatitis suggests that therapies should be differentiated according to the evolutionary stage of the disease. The goal is to save the lives of most patients with COVID-19 disease. The identification of critical points, suitable for designing the windows of therapeutic opportunity, may allow the use of therapeutic interventions, in the COVID-19 disease, which are effective (there are no approved drugs yet), safe (without significant side effects), targeted (based on the evolutionary phase of the disease) personalized, (based on sex, co-morbidities, age, etc.) and timely (based on signs, symptoms, laboratory parameters and instrumental investigations).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0085.v1

Use of the Acrylonitrile Haemoglobin Adduct N‑(2‑cyanoethyl)valine as a Biomarker Of Compliance in Smokers Switching to Tobacco Heating Products

Oscar M. Camacho, Michael McEwan, Nathan Gale, Nikola Pluym, Max Scherer, George Hardie, James Murphy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: tobacco heating product; CEVal; protocol compliance; smoking cessation; biomarker

Online: 3 August 2021 (14:30:34 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0269.v1

A Case of HIV and Clinical Confirmed COVID-19

Cansu Ozgen, Ulku Arslan, Simay Serin, Hulya Sungurtekin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: HIV; COVID-19

Online: 21 June 2020 (11:59:21 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0078.v1

Influence Factors Psychological and Stigma During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Literature Review

Joko Susanto, Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Psychological; Stigma; Covid-19

Online: 2 April 2021 (17:02:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0228.v1

Identifying Information Superspreaders of COVID-19 from Arabic Tweets

Sarah Alqurashi, Abdulaziz Alashaikh, Eisa Alanazi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Superspreaders; COVID-19; Influencers

Online: 11 July 2020 (04:19:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0317.v1

Impacts of COVID-19 on Diverse Farm Systems in Tanzania and South Africa

Hemant G Tripathi, Harriet E Smith, Steven M. Sait, Susannah M. Sallu, Stephen Whitfield, Astrid Jankielsohn, William E Kunin, Ndumiso Mazibuko, Bonani Nyhodo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: COVID-19; Africa; food systems; agriculture

Online: 16 August 2021 (10:47:45 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Emerging information on the interactions between the COVID-19 pandemic and global food systems has highlighted how the pandemic is accentuating food crises across Africa. Less clear, however, are how the impacts differ between farming systems. Drawing on 50 key informant interviews with farmers, village leaders and extension officers, in South Africa and Tanzania, we identify the effects of COVID-19 and associated measures to curb the spread of the disease on farming production systems, the coping mechanisms adopted by farmers, and explore their longer-term plans for adaptation. We focus on a diverse range of production systems, from small-scale mixed farming systems in Tanzania, to large-scale corporate farms in South Africa. Our findings highlight how COVID-19 restrictions have interrupted the supply chains of agricultural inputs and commodities, increasing the storage time for produce, decreasing income and purchasing power, and reducing labour availability. Farmers’ responses were heterogeneous, with highly diverse small-scale farming systems and those less engaged with international markets least affected by the associated COVID-19 measures. Large-scale farmers were most able to access capital to buffer short-term impacts, whereas smaller-scale farms shared labour, diversified to subsistence produce and sold assets. However, compounded shocks, such as recent extreme climate events, limited the available coping options, particularly for smaller-scale and emerging farmers. The study highlights the need to understand the characteristics of farm systems to better equip and support farmers, particularly in contexts of uncertainty. We propose that policy actions should focus on (i) providing temporary relief and social support and protection to financially vulnerable stakeholders, (ii) job assurance for farmworkers, and engaging an alternative workforce in farming, (iii) investing in farming infrastructure, such as storage facilities, digital communication tools, and extension services, and iv) supporting diversified agroecological farming systems.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0382.v1

A Comparison of Dependence Across Different Types of Nicotine Containing Products and Coffee

Karl Fagerström

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: dependence; nicotine; tobacco; coffee

Online: 28 May 2018 (05:16:08 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0283.v1

Clinical, Molecular and Epidemiological Characterization of the SARS-CoV2 Virus and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comprehensive Literature Review

Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Katherine Simbaña-Rivera, Lenin Gomez-Barreno, Mario Rubio-Neira, Linda P. Guaman, Nikolaos Kyriakidis, Claire Muslin, Ana Maria Gomez-Jaramillo, Carlos Barba, Domenica Cevallos, Hugo Sanchez-San Miguel, Luis Unigarro, Rasa Zalakeviciute, Naomi Gadian, Andrés López-Cortés

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Covid-19; coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; review; pandemic

Online: 16 April 2020 (15:55:12 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

COVID-19 Evolves in Human Hosts

Yanni Liu, Bing Liu, Jiangtao Cui, Zhi Wang, Yulong Shen, Yueshen Xu, Kaicheng Yao, Yuanfang Guan, Xiaoke Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; divergence

Online: 21 July 2020 (13:46:45 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0064.v1

Global Health Perspectives on Cigarette Butts and the Environment

Paula Stigler-Granados, Lawrence Fulton, Evangelina Nunez Patlan, Mischa Teryzk, Thomas E. Novotny

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: tobacco product waste; framework convention; cigarette butts; tobacco control

Online: 6 May 2019 (12:21:37 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Aspects of Sustainable Tourism Development and COVID-19 Pandemic

Md. Anowar Hossain Bhuiyan, Shafiqul Hassan, Md. Abud Darda, Md. Wahidul Habib

Subject: Social Sciences, Tourism, Leisure, Sport And Hospitality Keywords: COVID-19; Economic; Environment; Development; Social; Tourism

Online: 19 August 2020 (17:22:04 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0395.v1

Modification of the Logistic Model for Epidemics and Application to the COVID-19 Epidemic of 2020 in the United States

David H. Roberts

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: epidemic; coronavirus; COVID-19; logistic

Online: 24 May 2020 (18:19:02 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0161.v1

Average Mortality Rate of COVID-19 in Iran

Sajjad Baber

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID 19; mortality; Iran; pandemic

Online: 9 May 2020 (10:08:24 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper HYPOTHESIS

Could Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?

Stephen Mamber, Steven Krakowka, Jeffrey Osborn, Lloyd Saberski, Ryan Rhodes, Albert Dahlberg, Kara Fitzgerald, Neal Wright, Sarah Beseme, John McMichael

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2, Immunomodulators

Online: 27 April 2020 (09:55:03 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0540.v1

Prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco Use in India and Its Association With Occupations: A LASI Study

Bhavna Bharati, Kirti Sundar Sahu, Sanghamitra Pati

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Smokeless tobacco; India; Ageing; Occupation; Tobacco consumption

Online: 30 August 2021 (11:49:45 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0487.v1

Targeting the Reconsolidation of Licit Drug Memories to Prevent Relapse: Focus on Alcohol and Nicotine

Segev Barak, Koral Goltseker

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Memory reconsolidation; Animal models; Alcohol addiction; Nicotine; relapse; tobacco

Online: 22 February 2021 (15:29:50 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Simple Ventilators for Emergency Use Based on Bag-Valve Pressing Systems: Lessons Learned and Future Steps

Enrique Castro-Camus, Jan Ornik, Cornelius Mach, Goretti Hernandez-Cardoso, Bhushan Savalia, Jochen Taiber, Armando Ruiz-Marquez, Karl Kesper, Srumika Konde, Caroline Sommer, Julian Wiener, David Geisel, Franziska Hüppe, Gunter Kräling, Peter Mross, Johnny Nguyen, Thomas Wiesmann, Björn Beutel, Martin Koch

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: Mechanical ventilators; covid-19; simple

Online: 4 September 2020 (12:32:58 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0526.v1

Confirmed and Unreported COVID-19 Death Counts: An Assessment of Reporting Discrepancy

Mazbahul G Ahamad, Fahian Tanin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; Unreported COVID-19 Death; Provisional COVID-19 Death; Death Reporting Discrepancy; Bangladesh

Online: 22 July 2020 (11:32:05 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0330.v1

Identifying Early-Warning Signals for the Sudden Transition from Mild to Severe Tobacco Rtch Disease by Dynamical Network Biomarkers

Adrián Tarazona, Javier Forment, Santiago F. Elena

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: complex systems; DNB; phase transitions; plant-virus interaction; Potyvirus; protein-protein interaction networks; response to infection; systems biology; Tobacco etch virus

Online: 27 November 2019 (04:42:28 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0246.v1

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Life of Higher Education Students: A Global Perspective

Aleksander Aristovnik, Damijana Keržič, Dejan Ravšelj, Nina Tomaževič, Lan Umek

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: COVID-19; university student; sociodemographic factors, satisfaction; perception; online learning; mental health; habits; institutions; continents

Online: 10 August 2020 (15:21:04 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0598.v1

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Smoking Among Health Care Workers and Non-Health Care Workers in Zambezi Region, Namibia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sylvia Kahimbi Mahoto, Kabwebwe Honoré Mitonga, Olanrewaju Oladimeji

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Zambezi; Health Care Workers; cigarette smoking; Cigarettes; Gender differences; Prevalence; Tobacco use; Vulnerable populations; Risk factors

Online: 23 December 2020 (16:28:15 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and remains a significant public health challenge in many lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC) including Namibia. The purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking and its associated risk factors among HCWs and non-HCWs in Zambezi region. An exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and October 2020 among residents of the eight (8) constituencies of Zambezi region. Four hundred and sixty-one (461) respondents who had been residents of the selected constituencies for over five years and aged between 17-60 years were selected for the study. The main outcome measure was current cigarette smoking status. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. We stratified data analysis by individual being health workers or non-health workers. A bivariate Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the association between socio-demographic characteristics and the smoking status. Statistically significant variables in the bivariate analysis were used as predictors in the univariate and multivariate models. The response rate of potential participants was 95% (n=434). The mean (±SD) age of participant’s was 32.5 (± 11.34 years). Significant relationships were observed between smoking status and area of residency (constituency), gender, age category, level of education, age of onset of smoking and the daily smoking frequency. The majority of smokers (n=108) were none-HCWs with males being the majority (n=62). Age (p=0.001), education levels (p=0.001) and area of residency (p=0.022) were highly associated with smoking among none-HCW while marital status was associated with smoking among HCWs (p=0.013). In the final multivariate model, the odds of smoking among female non-HCWs were significantly lower (OR: 0.386; 95% CI: 0.228 – 0.655). Furthermore, the odds of smoking among this same group were lower among those who had secondary level education (OR: 0.178; 95% CI: 0.0659 – 0.483), post-secondary (OR: 0.117, 95% CI: 0.0412 – 0.330) and first stage tertiary (OR: 0.306: 95% CI: 0.106 – 0.881) compared to those who had primary school education. In conclusion, smoking prevalence among none HCWs and HCWs working in Zambezi included in the study was similar to that of the general Namibian population but higher than other neighboring countries within SADC. The results showed a need for the establishment of specific smoking related strategies that target HCWs to address smoking use parallel to the running of none HCWs which would ultimately decrease the smoking prevalence and improve health.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0348.v1

Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase both Exercise and Nicotine Use under Incarceration

Ashley Elizabeth Muller, Ingrid Amalia Havnes, Eline Borger Rognli, Anne Bukten

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: exercise; cigarette; smokeless tobacco; substance use; health behavior

Online: 16 October 2018 (09:49:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0382.v1

Health Inequality as the Consequence of Drinking and Smoking in Case of the Czech Republic

Beata Gavurova, Miriama Tarhanicova, Adam Kulhanek, Roman Gabrhelik

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: alcohol, tobacco, mortality, mortality as health indicator, health inequality

Online: 13 November 2020 (13:35:27 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0016.v1

From a Smoking Gun to Spent Fuel: Principled Subsampling Methods for Building Big Language Data Corpora from Monitor Corpora

Jacqueline Hettel Tidwell

Subject: Social Sciences, Library And Information Sciences Keywords: corpus linguistics; language modeling; big data; language data; databases; monitor corpora; documentary analysis; nuclear power; government regulation; tobacco documents

Online: 3 December 2018 (09:16:14 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0302.v1

“Look at Me, I Plan to Quit Smoking”: Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis of Adolescent Smokers’ Intention to Quit Smoking

John N. Ng'ombe, N. Rodgers Nedson, Novan F. P. Tembo

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: tobacco smoking; intention to quit smoking; Hamiltonian Monte Carlo; Bayesian analysis; Zambia

Online: 21 February 2020 (03:14:01 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0162.v2

Epidemiology: Gray Immunity Model Gives Qualitatively Different Predictions

Milind Watve, Himanshu Bhisikar, Rohini Kharate

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Epidemiological model; immunity; Covid-19

Online: 6 October 2021 (11:50:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Compartmental models like the SIR model that dynamically divide the host population in categories such as susceptible, infected and immune form the mainstream of epidemiological modelling. Effectively such models treat infection and immunity as binary variables. We show here that considering immunity as a continuous variable instead of binary and incorporating factors that bring about small changes in immunity lead to qualitatively different epidemiological predictions. The small immunity effects (SIE) constitute cross immunity by other infections, small increments in immunity by sub clinical exposures and slow decay in the absence of repeated exposure. The SIE model explains many epidemiological patterns observed during the Covid-19 pandemic that are not adequately explained by conventional models. In the SIE model repeated waves are possible without the need for new variants. Peak and decline of a wave much before reaching herd immunity threshold, low level apparently stable existence of the pathogen, new surges after variable and unpredictable gaps, new surge after vaccinating majority of population are the common features of the pandemic mimicked by simulations using the SIE model. The model further shows complex interactions of different interventions that can be contextually synergistic as well as antagonistic. As a result, interventions intended to arrest the transmission are not always effective and can turn counterproductive under some conditions. Interventions that are beneficial in the short run can be potentially hazardous in the long run. In the absence of empirical estimates of many parameters, the model may not be useful to make quantitative predictions at this stage but it certainly challenges traditional wisdom and currently held beliefs behind non-pharmaceutical interventions recommended to control the epidemic. We also suggest testable predictions to differentiate between the causal logic of the SIE model against the prevalent explanations for the same observed phenomena.

Working Paper CONCEPT PAPER

EUROPEAN ME NETWORK (EUROMENE) Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Service Provision and Care of People with ME/CFS in Europe

Luis Nacul, Fraçois Jérôme Authier, Carmen Scheibenbogen, Lorenzo Lorusso, Ingrid Helland, Jose Alegre Martin, Carmen Adella Sirbu, Anne Marit Mengshoel, Olli Polo, Uta Behrends, Henrik Nielsen, Patricia Grabowski, Slobodan Sekulic, Nuno Sepulveda., Fernando Esteves Lopez, Pawel Zalewski, Derek Pheby, Jesus Castro-Marrero, Giorgos K Sakkas, Jonas Bergquist, Enrica Capelli, Ivan Brandslund, John Cullinan, Angelika Krumina, Modra Murovska, Ruud Vermuelen, Eliana Lacerda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; diagnosis; Health services; clinical care

Online: 16 October 2020 (08:58:18 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0378.v1

COVID-19 Treatment: Close to a Cure? – A Rapid Review of Pharmacotherapies for the Novel Coronavirus

Yang Song, Min Zhang, Ling Yin, Kunkun Wang, Yiyi Zhou, Mi Zhou, Yun Lu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: China's COVID-19 Guide; Remdesivir; Xuebijing; Hydroxychloroquine; IL6 inhibitors; COVID-19

Online: 26 March 2020 (01:48:42 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0060.v1

A Literature Review of 2019 Novel Coronavirus During the Early Outbreak Period: Epidemiology, Causes, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis, Prevention and Control

Sasmita Poudel Adhikari, Sha Meng, Yuju Wu, Yuping Mao, Ruixue Ye, Qingzhi Wang, Chang Sun, Sean Sylvia, Scott Rozelle, Hein Raat, Huan Zhou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: 2019-nCoV; epidemiology; causes; prevention and control; review

Online: 5 February 2020 (10:54:11 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0027.v1

Impact of COVID-19 on Education in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abdullahi Aborode, Olaitan Anifowoshe, Tolorunju Ifeoluwapo Ayodele, Akinjo Rebecca Iretiayo, Ogunjemilua Oluwafemi David

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Humanities Keywords: COVID-19; Deadly disease; Education; Resolution; Africa; Sub-Sahara

Online: 3 July 2020 (08:57:38 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0047.v1

Reflections on Pandemics, Civil Infrastructure and Sustainable Development: Five Lessons from COVID-19 through the Lens of Transportation

Adjo Amekudzi-Kennedy, Samuel Labi, Brian Woodall, Mikhail Chester, Prerna Singh

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: sustainable development; system resilience; resilient and sustainable infrastructure; pandemics; COVID-19

Online: 6 April 2020 (10:14:50 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0146.v18

A Complete Proof Of The Riemann Hypothesis Based On A New Expression Of $\xi(s)$

Weicun Zhang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: Riemann Hypothesis (RH); Proof; Completed zeta function

Online: 4 April 2022 (10:55:39 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0361.v1

Pandemic-induced Reductions on Swim Training Volume and Performance in Collegiate Swimmers

Gloria Martinez Perez, Matthew VanSumeren, Michael Brown, Tamara Hew-Butler

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: swimming; COVID-19; swim performance

Online: 19 November 2021 (14:34:46 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0395.v1

V483a – an Emerging Mutation Hotspot of Sars-Cov-2

Omar Ashwaq, Pratibha Manickavasagam, Sk Manirul Haque

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Spike protein, V483A, substitution mutation, virus-host cell interaction, high transmission, infectivity.

Online: 17 September 2020 (10:43:02 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0184.v1

Serological Test is an Efficient Supplement of RNA Detection for Confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Ning-Shao Xia, Gui-Qiang Wang, Wen-Feng Gong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; diagnosis; antibody; serology; screening

Online: 11 March 2020 (10:40:09 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0567.v1

The Perception of Nursing Leaders towards Communication and Relationship Management Competencies while using Digital Platforms during COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar

Laith Fihmi Daradkeh, Ralph C. Villar, Abdulqadir J. J. Nashwan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: Nurses; Leadership; COVID-19; Management; Communication

Online: 30 November 2021 (12:14:55 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Purpose: To evaluate nursing leaders' perception towards communication and relationship management competencies while using digital platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Background: Communication and relationship management competencies among nursing leaders will ensure healthcare models are successfully implemented. Nursing leaders can achieve effective leadership by mastering these competencies leading to an overall improvement in the quality of nursing care. However, digital platforms have been rapidly evolving in the healthcare ecosystem and have been significant during the battle with COVID-19. It is crucial to ensure that nursing leaders can use digital platforms to communicate and practice efficient management in their op-erations, especially during a crisis when their services are vital. Design: Descriptive, comparative study. Methods: The study was conducted between February to March 2021. A 5-item Linkert-type questionnaire was adopted from the American Organization for Nursing Executives (2005) and was sent to identified nursing leaders in Hamad Medical Corporation through the official email. Results: Two hundred fifty nurse leaders were invited to participate, but only 116 responded positively, translating to a response rate of 46.4%. The male participants represented a larger proportion of 64.10%, while the female was 35.90%. Regarding the questionnaire, the Cronbach alpha was α ˃ 0.987, indicating that all items revealed a sufficient level of internal consistency. The respondents had a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 52.6n in the communication and relationship management items. Influencing behavior, relationship management, and effective communica-tion had the lowest scores, which indicate low competency. The F value in ANOVA analysis was close to 1.0, implying that the null hypothesis is true. The significance value is <0.5 implying that there is a difference in response on effective communication proficiency of nurse leaders. Conclusions: Digital platforms are communication tools that are widely adopted to engage and reach nurses on numerous topics. Nurse leaders should capitalize on their benefits and generate critical discussions. The continued need to research nursing leadership competencies is critical as healthcare continues to change and evolve. Educational institutions and healthcare organizations must understand that nursing leaders should strive for professional development and knowledge acquisition to improve their communication and management.

Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0632.v1

Rebuilding the Academy: Strategies for Supporting Academic Mothers during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic and Beyond

Robinson W. Fulweiler, Sarah W. Davies, Jennifer F. Biddle, Amy J. Burgin, Emily H.G. Cooperdock, Torrance C. Hanley, Carly Kenkel, Amy M. Marcarelli, Catherine M. Matassa, Lory Z. Santiago-Vazquez, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Maren Ziegler

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: academic; mothers; COVID-19; pandemic; leaky pipeline

Online: 26 September 2020 (13:08:55 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0386.v1

Accelerated Production of Hesperidin-rich Citrus Pectin from Waste Citrus Peel for Prevention and Therapy of COVID-19

Francesco Meneguzzo, Rosaria Ciriminna, Federica Zabini, Mario Pagliaro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: hesperidin; COVID-19; pectin; flavonoids; hydrodynamic cavitation; IntegroPectin

Online: 26 March 2020 (13:59:28 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0122.v1

Can Melatonin Reduce the Severity of COVID-19 Pandemic?

Alexander Shneider1, Aleksandr Kudriavtsev, Anna Vakhrusheva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: melatonin; coronavirus; pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; bat; lung; p62; apoptosis; programmed cell death; mortality; morbidity; prevention; vaccine; adjuvant; drug; symptoms

Online: 8 April 2020 (08:13:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0710.v2

Estimation of Oxygen Cylinder Availability and Classification of Its Types, Suitability Using Machine Learning and Data Analysis

Anurag Sinha

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: covid-19, machine learning, oxygen cylinder.

Online: 6 May 2021 (14:58:50 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

This is break direction on oxygen sources and conveyance methodologies for COVID-19 treatment. It has been adjusted from WHO and UNICEF's specialized details and direction for oxygen treatment gadgets, which is important for the WHO clinical gadget specialized arrangement, 1 and depends on current information on the circumstance in China and different nations where cases have been distinguished. This direction is proposed for wellbeing office chairmen, clinical leaders, acquisition officials, arranging officials, biomedical architects, foundation engineers and strategy producers. It portrays how to: measure oxygen interest, to distinguish oxygen sources that are accessible, and select suitable flood sources to best react to COVID-19 patients' requirements, particularly in low-and-center pay nations. WHO will refresh these suggestions as new data opens up. Coronavirus pandemic spurred fake interest for oxygen gas chambers for clinical use - both at emergency clinics and inquisitively, for home use by patients. A few patients and surprisingly sound people investigate the conceivable outcomes and likely benefits of utilizing oxygen from chambers for private utilization. Be that as it may, this isn't continuously protected, and sufficient safety measures are to be taken, bombing which there can be fatalities. This paper investigates the significance of keeping up satisfactory degrees of oxygen levels appropriate for human utilization. It advises the clinical use and the advantages and disadvantages of putting away oxygen chambers at home. The investigation likewise addresses lawful and administrative perspectives. The investigation's discoveries can help people settle on an educated choice on the protected use regarding oxygen gas. Further, it cautions on the expanded significance of guidelines and limiting access and use. This paper aims at designing an oxygen level monitoring technique in an oxygen cylinder. The amount of oxygen present inside the oxygen cylinder is very vital information when such cylinder is in use for supply of oxygen to a critical patient. The amount of oxygen present inside the cylinder is measured by the pressure at the outlet nozzle. The pressure is measured using a high precision MEMS Pressure Sensor. The output of the MEMS pressure sensor is voltage of the order milli. An amplifier is used to amplify this milli volt signal. A microcontroller is used in cascade to process the signal and display the pressure of oxygen cylinder.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0374.v2

Natural and Organic Cosmetics: Definition and Concepts

Cleber Barros, Rosana Bevenuto Guilhen Barros

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: natural cosmetics; organic cosmetics; green cosmetics; cosmetology; certification

Online: 27 May 2020 (05:02:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Identification of a Potential Mechanism of Acute Kidney Injury During the Covid-19 Outbreak: A Study Based on Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis

Da Xu, Hao Zhang, Hai-yi Gong, Jia-xin Chen, Jian-qing Ye, Tong Meng, Si-shun Gan, Fa-jun Qu, Chuan-min Chu, Wang Zhou, Xiu-wu Pan, Lin-hui Wang, Xin-gang Cui

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; acute kidney injury; angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2); transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSSs)

Online: 23 February 2020 (15:42:24 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0408.v1

Salivary Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients: The Rabbit out of the Hat!

Cecilia Napodano, Cinzia Callà, Antonella Fiorita, Mariapaola Marino, Eleonora Taddei, Tiziana Di Cesare, Giulio Cesare Passali, Riccardo Disanto, Annunziata Stefanile, Massimo Fantoni, Andrea Urbani, Gaetano Paludetti, Gian Ludovico Rapaccini, Gabriele Ciasca, Umberto Basile

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; IgA; FLC; salivary biomarkers

Online: 15 April 2021 (12:06:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0438.v1

Simeprevir, Potential Candidate to Repurpose for Coronavirus Infection: Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Study

Faezeh Sadat Hosseini, Massoud Amanlou

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: COVID-19; Simeprevir; Protease inhibitor; Virtual screening; Docking

Online: 28 February 2020 (13:14:38 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0165.v3

Few Open Access Journals are Plan S Compliant

Jan Erik Frantsvåg, Tormod Eismann Strømme

Subject: Social Sciences, Library And Information Sciences Keywords: Plan S; open access journals; APC; technical requirements; publisher size

Online: 22 January 2019 (11:39:01 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0186.v1

COVID-19 Impacts on Beaches and Coastal Water Pollution: Management Proposals Post-pandemic

Franklin Ormaza-González, Divar Castro-Rodas

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: COVID-19; confinement; beaches; pollution; tourism

Online: 14 June 2020 (16:12:35 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The COVID-19 pandemic has obliged Governments all around the world to take confinement and social 13 distancing measures. The reduction of leisure and production activities on beaches and ports have 14 disappeared direct and indirect contamination such as plastics, hydrocarbon spill, microbiological loads, 15 noise level, etc. leading to temporary improved environmental conditions, converting the beaches 16 similar to Marine Protected Areas. Some conditions are briefly analyzed through local surveys and in situ 17 observations in the popular beaches and ports of Salinas, Manta and Galápagos. 97-99 % of surveyed 18 people agreed that beaches have notoriously improved during confinement at least from visual 19 observation. On a scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), the beaches were rated 2.23 and 2.83 (less than 20 acceptable) before quarantine, and 4.48 and 4.33 after it for Salinas and Manta respectively. The 21 beaches have less garbage in general and plastic, even though there has been an increase in plastic and 22 face mask production around the world. In Salinas, 72%, and 23 % of surveyed people have seen small 23 pelagic fish, whilst in Manta 75%, and 41% of people saw the same, but also 17% of people have seen 24 whales (humpback and shark-whales) and dolphins practically swimming on the beach. Manta rays, 25 turtles, and other types of species were also observed. In Galapagos beaches, turtles have been 26 observed many more times than usual. The main plausible reason is the decrease in noise level. It is 27 recommended to take this unique opportunity, to construct a baseline data and information on physical, 28 chemical, biological, microbiological coastal oceanographic science, and from them to establish a proper 29 Coastal Zone Management based on beach description, water, and beach quality, human dimension, 30 and economic value indexes. This data and information construction should ideally be done before the 31 beaches are open.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0478.v1

Students’ Perception towards COVID-19 Vaccination Program in Bangladesh: A Study on University Students

Bikram Biswas, Mohammad Nur Ullah, Sajib Kumar Roy, Falguni Roy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Perception, Covid-19, Vaccination, University Students, Bangladesh

Online: 19 April 2021 (12:27:47 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0296.v1

Efficacy of Short-Term High Dose Pulsed Dapsone Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Lyme Disease/Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS) and Associated Co-infections: A Report of Three Cases and Literature Review

Richard I. Horowitz, Phyllis R. Freeman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: dapsone; disulfiram; chronic Lyme disease; Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome; babesia; bartonella; persisters; biofilms.

Online: 29 April 2022 (10:12:41 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0540.v1

What is Happening with Smokers and COVID-19? A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis

Jesus Gonzalez-Rubio, Carmen Navarro-Lopez, Elena Lopez-Najera, Ana Lopez-Najera, Lydia Jiménez-Díaz, Juan D. Navarro-López, Alberto Nájera

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway; novel coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; meta-analysis; Cytokine Release Syndrome; nicotine; smokers

Online: 30 April 2020 (17:01:38 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0349.v1

In Silico Identification of Potent COVID-19 Main Protease Inhibitors from FDA Approved Antiviral Compounds and Active Phytochemicals through Molecular Docking: A Drug Repurposing Approach

Vaishali Chandel, Sibi Raj, Brijesh Rathi, Dhruv Kumar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: novel coronavirus; COVID-19; protease; molecular docking; drug designing; ADME; drug repurposing

Online: 23 March 2020 (09:47:49 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA ((+)ssRNA) virus. The COVID-19 Main Proteases play very important role in the propagation of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). It has already killed more than 8000 people around the world and thousands of people are getting infected every day. Therefore, it is very important to identify a potential inhibitor against COVID-19 Main Proteases to inhibit the propagation of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). We have applied a drug repurposing approach of computational methodology, depending on the synergy of molecular docking and virtual screening techniques, aimed to identify possible potent inhibitors against Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) from FDA approved antiviral compounds and from the library of active phytochemicals. On the basis of recently resolved COVID-19 Main Protease crystal structure (PDB:6LU7), the library of 100 FDA approved antiviral compounds and 1000 active components of Indian Medicinal Plants extracted for screening against COVID-19 Main Protease. The compounds were further screened using Pyrex virtual screening tool and then best inhibitors, top 19 compounds optimally docked to the COVID-19 Main Protease structure to understand the participation of specific amino acids with inhibitors at active sites. Total 19 best compounds were identified after screening based on their highest binding affinity with respect to the other screened compounds. Out of 19, 6 best compounds were further screened based on their binding affinity and best ADME properties. Nelfinavir exhibited highest binding energy -8.4 kcal/mol and strong stability with the TRP207, ILE281, LEU282, PHE3, PHE291, GLN127, ARG4, GLY283, GLU288, LYS5, LYS137, TYR126, GLY138, TYR126, SER139 and VAL135 amino acid residues of COVID-19 Main Protease participating in the interaction at the binding pocket. In addition to Nelfinavir (-8.4), Rhein (-8.1), Withanolide D (-7.8), Withaferin A (-7.7), Enoxacin (-7.4), and Aloe-emodin (-7.4) also showed good binding affinity and best ADME properties. Our findings suggest that these compounds can be used as potential inhibitors against COVID-19 Main Protease, which could be helpful in inhibiting the propagation of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). Moreover, further in vitro and in vivo validation of these findings would be very helpful to bring these inhibitors to next level study.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0413.v1

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices regarding Long-Term Complications of COVID-19 among a Sub-Urban Population in Sri Lanka

Chamindri Witharana, Kithmini Siridewa, Manuj Weerasinghe, Indika Karunathilake

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: long COVID; COVID 19 vaccination; COVID awareness

Online: 24 December 2021 (23:40:18 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0010.v1

Characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Smokers Exposed to Anti-smoking Marketing in South Australia

Joshua Trigg, Damien Shen, Julia Morris, Jason Blunt

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Indigenous health; smoking; social marketing; tobacco; messaging

Online: 4 January 2022 (15:08:35 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0131.v1

Energy Consumption Prediction Using Machine Learning; A Review

Amir Mosavi, Abdullah Bahmani

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: energy consumption; prediction; machine learning models; deep learning models; 21 artificial intelligence (AI); computational intelligence (CI); forecasting; soft computing (SC)

Online: 11 March 2019 (10:09:33 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0349.v1

Force Prevalence Analysis

Alex Schaller

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Field, gravitation, electricity, unification, force, theory.

Online: 29 May 2019 (11:14:33 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0069.v1

Good in The Worst: COVID-19 Restrictions and Ease in Global Air Pollution

Naser A. Anjum

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; respiratory diseases; air pollution

Online: 6 April 2020 (15:48:46 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0061.v1

EmmDocClassifier: Efficient Multimodal Document Image Classifier for Scarce Data

Shrinidhi Kanchi, Alain Pagani, Hamam Mokayed, Marcus Liwicki, Didier Stricker, Muhammad Zeshan Afzal

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Vision And Graphics Keywords: BERT, Document Image Classification, EfficientNet, fine-tuned BERT, Hierarchical Attention Networks, Multimodal, RVL-CDIP, Two-stream, Tobacco-3482

Online: 6 January 2022 (10:08:38 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0358.v1

Proposed Standard Test Protocols and Outcome Measures for Quantitative Comparison of Emissions from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

Edward C. Hensel, Nathan C. Eddingsaas, Qutaiba M. Saleh, S. Jayasekera, S. Emma Sarles, A. Gary DiFrancesco, and Risa J. Robinson

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: ecigarette; regulatory science; substantial equivalence; public health; tobacco product comparison.

Online: 22 December 2021 (12:04:52 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

This study introduces and demonstrates a comprehensive, accurate, unbiased approach to robust quantitative comparison of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) appropriate for establishing substantial equivalence (or lack thereof) between tobacco products. The approach is demonstrated across a family of thirteen pen- and pod-style ENDS products. Methods employed consist of formulating a robust emissions surface regression model, quantifying the empirical accuracy of the model as applied to each product, evaluating relationships between product design characteristics and maximum emissions characteristics, and presenting results in formats useful to researchers, regulators, and consumers. Results provide a response surface to characterize emissions (total particulate matter and constituents thereof) from each ENDS appropriate for use in a computer model and for conducting quantitative exposure comparisons between products. Results demonstrate that emissions vary as a function of puff duration, flow rate, E-Liquid composition, and device operating power. Further, results indicate that regulating design characteristics of ENDS devices and consumables may not achieve desired public health outcomes; it is more effective to regulate maximum permissible emissions directly. Three emissions outcome measures (yield per puff, mass concentration and constituent mass ratio) are recommended for adoption as standard quantities for reporting by manufacturers and research laboratories. The approach provides a means of (a) quantifying and comparing maximal emissions from ENDS products spanning their entire operating envelope, (b) comparative evaluation of ENDS devices and consumable design characteristics, and (c) establishing comparative equivalence of maximal emissions from ENDS. A consumer-oriented product emissions dashboard is proposed for comparative evaluation of ENDS exposure potential. Maximum achievable power dissipated in the coil of ENDS is identified as a potentially effective regulatory parameter.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0051.v1

A Case Report: Acute Myocardial Infarction, Coronal Arteritis and Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination against Covid-19

Michael Mörz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: mRNA Vaccine; autopsy

Online: 5 September 2022 (08:14:56 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0490.v1

Long COVID, A Comprehensive Systematic Scoping Review

Hossein Akbarialiabad, Mohammad Hossein Taghrir, Ashkan Abdollahi, Nasrollah Ghahramani, Manasi Kumar, Shahram paydar, Babak Razani, John Mwangi, Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Leila Malekmakan, Bahar Bastani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Covid-19; Long Covid-19; Long Haulers Covid; Post Covid-19 Syndrome; Post-Acute Covid-19; Corona Virus; SARS-Cov-2; Novel Corona Virus 2019; Post-Acute SARS-CoV-2; PASC, Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19; Late Sequelae COVID-19

Online: 18 March 2021 (17:16:52 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Introduction: Despite more than one year passed since the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were reported, there is still no consensus on the definition and clinical management of post-acute-COVID-19. The condition has heterogeneously been named as Chronic COVID syndrome, Post COVID-19 Syndrome, post-acute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), and the more familiar long COVID. Method: In order to capture all relevant published studies, we undertook a multi-step search with no language restriction. The following four-step search strategy was utilized: First, a preliminary (limited) search was conducted on January 20, 2021, in Google Scholar and PubMed to identify the appropriate keywords. Then, on January 30, 2021, we adopted a search strategy of electronic databases from Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of sciences, using those keywords. Then, after duplicate removal, we screened all titles, abstracts, and full texts. This resulted in 66 eligible studies. Subsequently, after a forward and backward search of their references and citations an additional 54 publications were found, resulting in a total of 120 publications that formed the basis of the present analysis. The titles, abstracts, and full-texts of non-English articles were translated using Google Translate for further evaluation. We conducted our scoping review based on the PRISMA-ScR Checklist.Results: We found only one randomized clinical trial in our search. Of the 67 original studies, 22 were cohort and 28 were cross-sectional studies totaling 74.6% of the original studies. Of the total of 120 publications, 59 (49.1%) focused on signs and symptoms, 28 (23.3%) were focused on management, and 13 (10.8%) focused on pathophysiology. Ten (9%) publications focused on imaging studies. Ninety-one percent of the original investigations came from high and upper-middle-income countries, highlighting the scarcity of reports originating from low-income and lower-middle-income countries.Conclusion: The predominant symptoms among those with the so-called “Long COVID” were: fatigue, breathlessness, arthralgia, sleep difficulties, and chest pain. Recent reports also point to the risk of long-term sequela with cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, mental health, neurologic, and renal involvement in those who survive the acute phase of the illness. The ambiguity and controversies in its definition have impaired proper recognition and management of those requiring additional support following the resolution of the acute phase of this infection. This has resulted in long-standing distress for the patients and their families. Our findings highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach, support, and rehabilitation for these patients in terms of long-term mental and physical health.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0470.v1

Nativity Status and Poly Tobacco Use among Young Adults in the United States

Peace C. Okpala, Carrie Rosario, Melissa J. Dupont-Reyes, Michelle Y. Martin Romero, Md Towfiqul Alam, Hailey Paivanas, Sandra E. Echeverria

Subject: Social Sciences, Demography Keywords: poly tobacco; nativity; young adults

Online: 29 December 2021 (14:46:13 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0418.v2

Virtual Screening Based Prediction of Potential Drugs for COVID-19

Sekhar Talluri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: virtual screening; molecular docking; drug repurposing; drug repositioning; anti-viral drugs; Coronavirus; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 9 March 2020 (02:29:04 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0076.v1

The Advantage of Inactivated Vaccine for Preventing the Omicron Outbreak

Xinbo Lian, Jianping Huang, Li Zhang, Yingjie Zhao, Danfeng Wang, Shuoyuan Gao, Rui Wang, Xiaodong Song

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: COVID-19; Omicron; inactivated vaccines

Online: 4 March 2022 (09:10:15 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0030.v1

Is Excessive Prenatal Ultrasonography a Risk Factor for Autism? A Literature Review

Hissa Moammar, Rabi Sulayman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: autism; autistic spectrum disorder; children; behavior; ultrasonography; prenatal; pregnancy

Online: 4 June 2019 (12:56:37 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

For the past several decades, abdominal prenatal ultrasonography has been the most significant technology in obstetrics with a long-established application. However, the frequency, exposure time, thermal and cavitation exposure indices, and increased acoustic output of the ultrasonic waves may be harmful to the embryo/fetus and might increase susceptibility to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The increase in the prevalence of ASD is associated with an affluent ethnicity, high socioeconomic status, and high parental education where prenatal ultrasonography is readily available and affordable. Enhanced biophysical adverse effects may link the analogous increase in prenatal ultrasonography and autism, and prenatal ultrasonography may emerge as a risk factor for autism. Radiography usage provides historical evidence for this fact: the predominant past opinion was that exposure to X-rays during pregnancy caused no significant risk to a fetus. However, the association between X-ray exposure and childhood leukemia was only established 40 years after X-ray use began. This review focuses on excessive PUS usage and ASD development. Public Abstract Advancements in medical technology over the past several decades have made prenatal ultrasound more frequently accessible to expecting mothers during their pregnancy, especially for the affluent. A parallel development in health care is the increase in autism diagnoses (Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD) in children of affluent families. There is a general lack of studies of the impact of prenatal ultrasound on fetuses, especially around varying attributes such as frequency, duration of exposure, and thermal and cavitation indices. There is also a historical precedent set, where exposing fetuses to X-rays was not found to be harmful until it was linked to the development of childhood leukemia decades later. This paper seeks to establish a need to further study these attributes of prenatal ultrasound overuse and their possible impact on a developing fetus, with a special focus on the occurrence of Autism.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0458.v1

COVID-19 and Bangladesh: Socio-Economic Analysis Towards the Future Correspondence

Momotaj Begum, Md. Shaikh Farid, Swarup Barua, Mohammad Jahangir Alam

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: COVID-19; socio-economic; impact; Bangladesh

Online: 25 April 2020 (10:31:39 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ESSAY

Shifting Our Value System Beyond Citations for a More Equitable Future

Sarah Davies, Hollie Putnam, Tracy Ainsworth, Julia Baum, Colleen Bove, Sarah Crosby, Isabelle Côté, Anne Duplouy, Robinson Fulweiler, Alyssa Griffin, Torrance Hanley, Tessa Hill, Adriana Humanes, Sangeeta Mangubhai, Anna Metaxas, Laura Parker, Hanny Rivera, Nyssa Silbiger, Nicola Smith, Ana Spalding, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Brooke Weigel, Rachel Wright, Amanda Bates

Subject: Social Sciences, Other Keywords: mentorship; citations; bias; sexism; racism; equity; diversity; inclusion; wellbeing

Online: 22 February 2021 (16:17:45 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2091.v1

Assessing Functional Capacity in ME/CFS: A Patient Informed Questionnaire

Kristian Sommerfelt, Trude Schei, Katharine A Seton, Simon R Carding

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: ME/CFS; chronic fatigue syndrome; functional capacity; post exertional malaise; questionnaire; survey

Online: 29 September 2023 (09:21:59 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0134.v1

A Crispr-Cas9 System Designed to Introduce Point Mutations into the Human ACE2 Gene to Weaken the Interaction of the ACE2 Receptor with the SARS-CoV-2 S Protein

Pedro Tanaka, Jadson Santos, Ernna Oliveira, Natane Miglioli, Amanda Assis, Ana Monteleone-Cassiano, Vitor Ribeiro, Max Duarte, Mayara Machado, Romario Mascarenhas, Alex Souza, Leticia Brito, Leticia Oliveira, Eduardo Donadi, Geraldo Passos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Crispr-Cas9; ACE2 gene; SARS-CoV-2; new coronavirus; COVID-19

Online: 7 May 2020 (15:26:06 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1306.v1

Exploring Therapeutic Applications of Autophagy in Spike Protein-Related Pathology

Matthew Halma, Paul Marik, Yusuf Saleeby

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Fasting; autophagy; long-COVID; post-vaccination syndrome; spike protein; mitochondria; mitophagy

Online: 19 June 2023 (07:39:57 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0413.v1

Ontological and Bioinformatic Analysis of Anti-Coronavirus Drugs and Their Implication for Drug Repurposing against COVID-19

Yingtong Liu, Wallace K.B. Chan, Zhigang Wang, Junguk Hur, Jiangan Xie, Hong Yu, Yongqun He

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: coronavirus; drug; COVID-19; SARS; MERS; ontology; ChEBI; NDF-RT; DrON; bioinformatics

Online: 29 March 2020 (01:58:40 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Coronavirus-infected diseases have posed great threats to human health. In past years, highly infectious coronavirus-induced diseases, including COVID-19, SARS, and MERS, have resulted in world-wide severe infections. Our literature annotations identified 110 chemical drugs and 26 antibodies effective against at least one human coronavirus infection in vitro or in vivo. Many of these drugs inhibit viral entry to cells and viral replication inside cells or modulate host immune responses. Many antimicrobial drugs, including antimalarial (e.g., chloroquine and mefloquine) and antifungal (e.g., terconazole and rapamycin) drugs as well as antibiotics (e.g., teicoplanin and azithromycin) were associated with anti-coronavirus activity. A few drugs, including remdesivir, chloroquine, favipiravir, and tocilizumab, have already been reported to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro or in vivo. After mapping our identified drugs to three ontologies ChEBI, NDF-RT, and DrON, many features such as roles and mechanisms of action (MoAs) of these drugs were identified and categorized. For example, out of 57 drugs with MoA annotations in NDF-RT, 47 have MoAs of different types of inhibitors and antagonists. A total of 29 anticoronaviral drugs are anticancer drugs with the antineoplastic role. Two clustering analyses, one based on ChEBI-based semantic similarity, the other based on drug chemical similarity, were performed to cluster 110 drugs to new categories. Moreover, differences in physicochemical properties among the drugs were found between those inhibiting viral entry and viral replication. A total of 163 host genes were identified as the known targets of 68 anti-coronavirus drugs, resulting in a network of 428 interactions among these drugs and targets. Chlorpromazine, dasatinib, and anisomycin are the hubs of the drug-target network with the highest number of connected target proteins. Many enriched pathways such as calcium signaling and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways were identified. These findings may be used to facilitate drug repurposing against COVID-19.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0630.v1

Cyber Attacks in the Era of COVID-19 and Possible Solution Domains

Isaac Chin Eian, Lim Ka Yong, Majesty Yeap Xiao Li, Yeo Hui Qi, Fatima Z

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Networks And Communications Keywords: Cyber security; cyber attacks; Covid-19; attack vulnerabilities

Online: 26 September 2020 (12:47:42 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0361.v1

Guideline on Returning to Work after COVID-19 Infection

Mikhael Yosia, Nuri Purwito Adi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; occupational health; new normal

Online: 13 April 2021 (14:33:45 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0422.v1

GPT-4 vs. GPT-3.5: A Concise Showdown

Anis Koubaa

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: ChatGPT; GPT-4; GPT-3.5; GPT performance; GPT limitations; OpenaAI; NLP

Online: 24 March 2023 (02:23:41 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0225.v1

CoV-GLUE: A Web Application for Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Variation

Joshua Singer, Robert Gifford, Matthew Cotten, David Robertson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; web application; virus genome; lineage assignment; amino acids

Online: 18 June 2020 (06:24:20 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0007.v1

Modeling and Kinetics of Bioconversion and Chemical Properties (Wine and Vinegar) from Banana Pulp By-Products

Cyntia Akemi Tanaka, Flávia Imanishi Ruzon, Lucas Caldeirão Rodrigues Miranda, Diego Galvan, Wilma Aparecida Spinosa, Raúl Jorge Hernan Castro-Goméz

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: acetic fermentation; alcoholic fermentation; submerged process; volatile compounds; acetic bacteria

Online: 1 December 2016 (10:47:37 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0081.v1

Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an Indicator of Fecal Contamination in Water: A Review

Farhan Mohammad Khan, Rajiv Gupta

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: escherichia coli, e. coli, indicator, fecal coliform bacteria, water, bacteriological analysis, fcb, classification.

Online: 8 October 2019 (10:27:34 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share