Abstract: As emergencies and disasters continue to strain public health systems globally, integrating psychosocial support into national response frameworks has emerged as a critical, though often overlooked, priority. This study examines the role of the Red Cross of Serbia in delivering Psychoscial First Aid (PFA), highlighting it as a vital yet underrepresented component within the broader scope of emergency response. Grounded in a theoretical framework, the paper outlines the core principles of PFA, its significance during crises, and the psychosocial impact of disasters on individuals and communities. It further explores the relationship between mental health and community resilience, underscoring the importance of mental recovery in disaster contexts. Utilising a qualitative approach, the study draws on an expert interview with a representative of the Red Cross of Serbia to investigate the current state of PFA implementation. Particular attention is given to institutional integration, training protocols, and prevailing public perceptions of psychosocial support. The findings point to a marked disparity between the established provision of medical first aid and the marginal position of psychosocial assistance. Key barriers identified include insufficient institutional acknowledgment, a lack of structured and standardised training programs, and limited awareness of PFA as a distinct and necessary intervention. Despite these challenges, the Red Cross of Serbia has initiated several promising efforts—such as developing educational materials, training volunteers, and establishing internal support mechanisms—which provide a solid foundation for future advancement. This paper argues for systematically including psychosocial support in emergency management strategies. It emphasises the need for coordinated, evidence-informed, and person-centered approaches to fostering health and resilience in disaster-affected communities.

Abstract: Persons with disabilities (PWDs) are among the most at-risk groups during disaster situations due to various physical, sensory, cognitive, and systemic challenges that hinder their ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from crises. Although international legal frameworks stress their inclusion, PWDs often struggle to access essential resources, emergency assistance, and social protections during such events. This study examines both the vulnerabilities and strengths of PWDs in disaster risk management, highlighting the critical need for inclusive policies, enhanced accessibility measures, and stronger community-based support systems. It reviews key international, European, and national legal instruments designed to protect the rights of PWDs in disaster contexts while identifying gaps in their implementation. Furthermore, the research explores the active role PWDs can assume in disaster prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery, advocating for their meaningful participation in decision-making processes. By embedding inclusive disaster risk reduction strategies, societies can bolster resilience, ensure equitable access to emergency services, and promote long-term social inclusion for PWDs. The findings emphasise the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration, adaptive infrastructure, and targeted policy initiatives to bridge the gap between legal mandates and practical realities in disaster management.

Abstract: This study presents an integrated approach combining Safety-I and Safety-II methodologies to overcome the practical limitations of field management of failure cases during aircraft operations. Despite advanced aviation safety systems, recurring operational failures suggest that the current Safety-I-centered reactive approach alone is insufficient. Using the HEAR (Human Error Analysis and Reduction) framework, we analyzed three types of failure cases related to FMS (Flight Management System) operation, turbulence response, and aircraft energy management. Results showed that 87% of all causes were organizational factors, significantly higher than individual/task factors (13%). Based on these findings, this study newly defines 'resilient behavior' as "the repetitive behavior or capability of flight crews who can successfully manage adverse events by effectively utilizing aircraft systems, having the ability to predict and plan for adverse events, based on high-level effective learning." By integrating this concept with FSF LAO (Flight Safety Foundation's Learning from All Operations) PAM (Pressures, Adaptations, Manifestations) framework and AA LIT (American Airlines' Learning and Improvement Team) LPAC (Learn, Plan, Adapt, Coordinate) model, we developed practical guidelines to transform failure cases into resilient success cases. Effectiveness evaluation demonstrated improvements in organizational issues and the need for qualitative enhancement of education/training systems. This integrated approach provides a practical foundation for shifting the aviation safety management paradigm from 'failure prevention' to 'success expansion' through strengthening safety managers' analytical capabilities and establishing systematic education.

Abstract: This study expanded the theory of planned behavior to understand factors affecting employee intentions and actual preparedness behaviors in the Ghanaian energy sector. The paper ascertained the effect of psychological factors on employee preparedness intentions and examined whether these factors are mediated by employee’s intentions. Instruments were developed to collect data to assess the variables of the extended theory of planned behavior. Items on the instruments to be measured were structured into three major sections; demographic information on the first part, items of attitude, response efficacy, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, risk perception, and actual preparedness behaviors on the second part and items of management commitment and management priority on the last section. A pilot test was performed on 15 employees of a sub Gas Distribution Station to determine validity and reliability of the instruments. Content validity was assessed through expert judgment. Individuals with expertise in the field of psychology examined the questionnaires and provided feedback. The instruments were self-administered and data analyzed using the structural equation modelling technique. The novel extended TPB model best-explained employee preparedness intentions and actual emergency preparedness behaviours of employees, confirming the widely held perception that psychological factors do influence employee preparedness intentions. It further suggest employee’s intentions significantly mediate relationship between psychological factors and actual preparedness behaviors. Management must periodically appraise the impact of these factors on employee’s preparedness to make timely informed decisions and may adopt the expanded model to promote employee preparedness for emergencies in the oil and gas industry.

Abstract:

Motor-vehicle crashes are a leading and persistent cause of unintentional deaths in the United States. Scholarship to understand how manmade interventions and natural phenomena interact to effectuate such calamitous outcomes is longstanding and ongoing. One manmade intervention with long interest in the literature is daylight saving time (DST). Unfortunately, such interest engenders little unanimity on how the natural phenomena attributable to DST interact with travel behavior to affect the frequency and severity of motor-vehicle crashes. In order to advance knowledge on DST-safety interactions the study adopts a multilevel model approach to explore spatial and temporal heterogeneity in fatal crashes the explication of which is not yet evident in the literature. Results suggest analyses of the forty-eight states plus the one state equivalent (District of Columbia) in the contiguous United States mask differences from time zone to time zone on the effects of independent variables known to affect the frequency and severity of fatal crashes. Results also suggest time-of-day and time-zone safety effects are indeed evident. Research which adopts a multilevel model approach to analyze DST-transition safety effects is ongoing. Policy implications highlight the importance of governmental efforts to limit licensure and monitor behavior in order to most effectually decrease the number of fatalities in such motor-vehicle crashes.

Abstract: Military researchers have long maintained a keen interest in the contributing factors of combat effectiveness (CFCE), as these factors serve as the underlying causes behind the changing trends in combat effectiveness (CE). This paper introduces an innovative method for measuring CFCE, which builds upon the Two-Dimensional Frontline Advancement Rate (TFR) combat effectiveness measurement method. This approach enables a comprehensive evaluation of the integrated effect of all explanatory variables that influence combat effectiveness. To demonstrate the unique advantages of this method and the era-specific characteristics of data acquisition, we present six case studies. These include the Battle of Red Cliffs (208 AD) and the First Battle of Constantinople (678-679 AD) from ancient warfare, the Miracle of the Marne (1914) and the first phase of the Korean War (1950-1951) from modern warfare, the first year of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War (2022), and a future all-dimensional war involving military, economic, and propaganda fronts (future).

Abstract: Special police units, such as Austria’s EKO Cobra, are uniquely trained to manage high-risk operations, including terrorism, amok situations, and hostage crises. This study delves into the operational risks and the critical role of group dynamics in fostering safety and enhancing resilience, emphasizing the interconnectedness of risk perception, training, and operational practices. Based on problem-centred interviews with current and former EKO Cobra membersthe research identifies key risk factors such as overconfidence, insufficient training, inadequate equipment, and the challenges posed by high-stakes scenarios. Using a structured yet flexible approach, the study integrates a group dynamics model as a theoretical framework and analyzes the data semi-inductively semi-deductivelyby applying a a qualitative research approach. The study examines risk categorization in ad-hoc operations, the interplay between risk perception and training, and actionable strategies to enhance safety and preparedness through tailored training programs. The findings underscore the transformative impact of intensive scenario-based and high-stress training exercises, which significantly improve situational awareness, automate critical actions, and reinforce teamwork. Group dynamics, including cohesion and effective communication, emerge as pivotal factors in mitigating risks and ensuring operational success. Crucially, this research highlights the broader sustainability dimensions in law enforcement, advocating for continuous, specialized training that is adaptive to emerging challenges. By linking theoretical frameworks with practical, actionable insights, the study proposes a holistic training approach that promotes resilience and long-term sustainability in police operations. These findings are relevant to elite units like EKO Cobra and provide valuable guidance for broader police frameworks, contributing to become safer, more effective and resilient.

Abstract:

The study examines the attitudes of local residents toward the impacts of sustainable tourism development in two national parks in Montenegro—Skadar Lake National Park (NP) and Durmitor National Park (NP). The aim is to identify the key factors shaping these attitudes and to determine the differences in perceptions between residents of these two areas. The research is based on the assumption that socio-demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, and level of education, significantly influence attitudes toward sustainable tourism development. Data were collected through a questionnaire covering a wide range of attitudes toward tourism. Analyses were conducted using multiple regression analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlation, with careful verification of all key statistical assumptions to ensure the validity of the results. The findings reveal significant differences in perceptions between residents of NP Skadar Lake and NP Durmitor. Respondents from NP Durmitor generally rated both the positive and negative aspects of tourism higher compared to those from NP Skadar Lake. On the other hand, residents of NP Skadar Lake exhibited greater enthusiasm for tourism promotion and engagement in tourism development processes. It was concluded that socio-demographic characteristics, particularly education and age, are key factors influencing attitudes toward tourism. These findings provide a basis for formulating recommendations to improve tourism development, which should take into account the specific needs and perceptions of local communities in both national parks.

Abstract: This study focuses on the phenomenon of recurring specific failures in the aviation industry, despite maintaining high safety levels through advanced technology and sophisticated safety management systems. To overcome the limitations of the current Safety-I centered reactive safety management approach, which only addresses surface-level causes and solutions of failures, this study proposes a new integrated approach combining Safety-I and Safety-II. To achieve this, we applied the HEAR (Human Error Analysis and Reduction) framework, which has been validated in the railway sector, to analyze three types of failure cases in aviation - FMS (Flight Management System) operation errors, turbulence-related accidents, and aircraft energy management issues. The analysis revealed that organizational factors (87.1%) were more significant causes of failures than individual/task factors (12.9%). Furthermore, by combining Safety-II methodologies such as AA LIT (American Airlines' Learning and Improvement Team) and FSF LAO (Flight Safety Foundation's Learning from All Operations), we developed specific methods to transform failure cases into resilient success cases. This study emphasizes strengthening safety managers' capabilities and establishing systematic training programs, proposing a paradigm shift in aviation safety management from 'failure prevention' to 'success expansion.' This integrated approach is expected to contribute to improving aviation safety culture and operational performance.

Abstract: The rapid evolution of cyberspace has profoundly impacted security dynamics and the conduct of armed conflicts. As an integral domain in modern warfare, cyberspace intertwines with traditional conflict factors, such as human and material resources, space, time, and information, redefining their roles and interactions. This paper explores the influence of cyberspace on security within the context of armed conflicts, highlighting its dual nature as a battlefield and a tool for shaping strategic outcomes. Emphasis is placed on integrating advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT), in enhancing operational capabilities and addressing hybrid and informational warfare. Furthermore, the study examines the critical role of disaster risk resilience in mitigating the cascading effects of cyber-related disruptions during conflicts. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach combining technical innovations, organizational strategies, and robust regulatory frameworks. The paper concludes that achieving resilience in cyberspace requires multidisciplinary collaboration, continuous capacity building, and the alignment of security policies with emerging technological challenges. The findings highlight the critical importance of integrating digital infrastructures, regulatory frameworks, and innovative technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT), to mitigate cascading effects during armed conflicts. By emphasizing adaptive strategies and capacity-building, the paper offers actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to strengthen societal and infrastructural resilience in the face of hybrid threats.

Abstract:

Starting from accelerated industrial development, industrial disasters (chemical spills, explosions, nuclear accidents, etc.), which fall under man-made (technological) disasters, increasingly threaten human lives, the environment, and property. Their complexity and far-reaching consequences, both at the local and global levels, require effective management of industrial risks and the disasters themselves (preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery). For these reasons, the review paper aims to provide a holistic description of the diverse causes, dynamics, and multidimensional consequences of disasters. Additionally, it highlights and explains the key factors that directly or indirectly contribute to their occurrence. Furthermore, it could be said that the paper analyzes existing strategies for managing risks from industrial disasters and systematizes recommendations for improving preventive and reactive measures in high-risk industries. On the other side, the paper utilizes a comprehensive literature review, which involves the systematic identification, review, analysis, and critical evaluation of existing scientific papers, studies, reports, and regulatory documents on industrial disasters. Besides that, it also includes a detailed analysis of well-known industrial disaster cases such as Seveso (Italy, 1976), Bhopal (India, 1984), Chernobyl (Ukraine, then USSR, 1986), and Fukushima (Japan, 2011). The paper emphasizes that industrial disasters are often the result of the combined influence and interaction of technical failures, human errors, and inadequately developed safety procedures. Moreover, it can be highlighted that the design and implementation of preventive measures, such as regular maintenance of technical systems and systematic training and education of employees, are crucial for reducing the likelihood of such catastrophic events. The implications of this review paper are multifaceted and point to the following: the need to reassess current safety practices in industries; reconsider the potential for introducing innovations in preventive technical-technological solutions; examine the thorough implementation of innovative early warning systems, safety procedures, and modern equipment in facilities; improve cooperation between engineers, safety managers, and regulatory workers; reassess the need for additional updates and tightening of regulations regarding the storage, transport, and use of hazardous materials in industry; and improve the management of risks from industrial disasters.

Abstract: Community resilience represents an important concept in the comprehensive approach to disaster management. It is assumed that optimal community resilience can mitigate negative impacts and enable adaptation, thereby reducing the negative consequences of future disasters. The measurement of community resilience to disasters has advanced over the past two decades, primarily through the use of indicators that measure community resilience indices. The Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) represent an increasingly popular and frequently used quantitative method for measuring community resilience indices to disasters. This literature review was conducted to examine and assess the use and adaptation of the BRIC method in measuring community resilience. The review comprehensively analyzes relevant scientific papers, extracting and synthesizing the most important findings from the studies, which provided the necessary data to meet the objectives of the literature review. A total of 37 relevant studies were identified for analysis in the review. The indicators used were examined, including their selection, grouping, and evaluation procedures, as well as the calculation of the appropriate index. The review also covered the method of data collection needed to measure the impact of indicators on resilience, as well as the shortcomings of this process. The measurement of community resilience to disasters is a contemporary issue, with several detected shortcomings in the process itself. The need to adapt the BRIC method to the local context has been established. Improving the process of determining indicators and measuring indices would lead to broader use of the method in efforts to reduce disaster risk and enhance resilience to disasters.

Abstract: This review aimed to identify the risks of cosmetics during the sensitive period of pregnancy. Pregnancy causes many hormonal changes and skin issues, such as red stretch marks, cellulite, and more. These aesthetic concerns can impact both the appearance and health of the pregnant woman. Cosmetics and aesthetic treatments can help improve these problems and positively affect the mental well-being of these women. However, the lack of clinical trials regarding the safety of such treatments during pregnancy has led to the recommendation of only the mildest aesthetic applications. Additionally, professional aestheticians and dermatologists who provide cosmetics and other aesthetic treatments (e.g., laser, ultrasound, radiofrequency) during pregnancy face challenging and sometimes adverse working conditions. They should be treated with respect for their situation, with careful consideration of all the peculiarities associated with pregnancy. Further research and additional recorded data are crucial for better understanding the use of cosmetics and aesthetic treatments during pregnancy.

Abstract: This research is dedicated to a comprehensive examination of the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the legal and institutional measures designed to protect cultural heritage in the Republic of Serbia from the adverse effects of natural disasters, including earthquakes, landslides, rockfalls, floods, torrents, storms, hail, and forest fires. The study aims to identify the primary challenges and shortcomings within the existing legal and institutional framework, while also pinpointing and analyzing best practices and potential improvements for the protection system. This research posits a preliminary hypothesis suggesting that challenges may exist within the legal and institutional framework for the protection of cultural heritage in the Republic of Serbia, potentially limiting effective response and recovery following natural disasters. This hypothesis will be further developed and adapted based on the analysis of available data. Data collection for this research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with experts and an in-depth analysis of existing documentation. By conducting interviews with experts in the field, the research seeks to gather critical data and insights that will enhance the understanding of these issues and contribute to formulating viable solutions. The analysis and processing of data were carried out using ATLAS.ti software, which facilitated a comprehensive and systematic examination of the collected qualitative information. Furthermore, an assessment of the current capacity of institutions to respond rapidly and effectively to natural disasters that pose a threat to cultural heritage is a key component of the study. The ultimate goal is to develop recommendations that will fortify the legal and institutional framework, thereby bolstering the resilience of cultural heritage sites in Serbia against future natural disasters. The results of the research, highlight significant deficiencies in the legal framework, inadequate institutional capacities and resources, as well as a lack of proper training for crisis response. The need for improved inter-institutional cooperation and the development of technical-logistical resources is emphasized. This paper represents a significant contribution to the understanding and enhancement of the cultural heritage protection system, providing a foundation for further research and strategy development in this area.

Abstract: I examine national environmental security policy cultures to assess the opportunities for increasing global environmental security. The question is whether the difficulties in modeling the state's ecological security are a consequence of limitations in the coherence of the four dogmas: ecological security, sustainable development, social responsibility and environmental management. The presented fragments of theoretical research explain the question by presenting the logic of the constructive value of the national culture of ecological safety policy. I conducted empirical research based on 18 development strategies of regional cities in Poland. The multi-criteria method made it possible to identify and describe a micro-community reflecting the macroscopic observation of regional cities as an emerging whole of the state’s development. Assumption: ownership of the environmental aspects of cities is a natural quantity influencing the ecological security of the state in the contemporary global civilization system. I have formulated new definitions: ecological security of the state, culture of ecological security policy, sustainable development and socially responsible and sustainable development of the city. I have developed 13 catalogues of elements of the structure of the development strategy of regional cities in Poland, containing 1 390 public services. I have shown when there is a lack of culture of the state's ecological security policy in the global ecological security system according to the cause-effect principle. I have been conducting research since 2019.

Abstract: This study delves into the complex challenges that arise when managing rescue operations in the aftermath of traffic accidents spanning various forms of transportation, including roads, railways, aviation, and waterways. Given the inherent complexity of traffic-related disasters, these events typically necessitate well-coordinated rescue strategies, involving the collaboration of multiple emergency services and the use of specialized equipment. The legal framework set forth by the Republic of Serbia plays a pivotal role in shaping the procedures and responsibilities within these rescue efforts, guiding the allocation of resources, enforcing safety protocols, and ensuring effective coordination between different agencies. Moreover, the incorporation of innovative technical solutions is critical in successfully extricating victims from perilous situations. This paper also underscores the vital importance of preventive measures, particularly in road traffic, which are mandated by national legislation. The establishment of specialized investigative bodies, such as the Traffic Accident Investigation Center, has greatly enhanced the systematic approach to preventing future incidents. By examining the various components of rescue operations, this research highlights the essential role of timely and efficient interventions in minimizing casualties and mitigating the broader impacts of traffic disasters.

Abstract: Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR) plays a vital role in strengthening the resilience of local communities against both natural and human-made disasters. This paper seeks to examine the role of CBDRR in enhancing the resilience of local communities to both natural and man-made disasters. It underscores the critical importance of active community involvement across all stages of disaster management, from preparedness and mitigation to response and recovery. The paper also explores the key factors that contribute to the successful implementation of CBDRR, including institutional backing, capacity development, inclusive strategies, and the use of modern technologies. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities in building strong partnerships between local communities and external stakeholders, which are crucial for ensuring the sustainability of these efforts. Finally, the paper offers recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of CBDRR initiatives, drawing on insights gained from past disaster experiences. The findings of this study point to the importance of continuous monitoring and evaluation of CBDRR programs to maintain their relevance and ensure their effectiveness as risks evolve. Incorporating lessons learned from past disasters into future planning also plays a crucial role in helping communities enhance their resilience over time. Ultimately, by encouraging collaboration between communities, governments, and various organizations, CBDRR lays the foundation for a comprehensive disaster management framework that is equipped to meet future challenges and supports long-term sustainable development.

Abstract: This pioneering study explores the geospatial and temporal patterns of natural and human-induced disasters from 1900 to 2024, providing essential insights into their global distribution and impacts. Utilizing the comprehensive international EM-DAT database, our analysis reveals significant trends and disparities in disaster occurrences and their widespread consequences. Results showed a dramatic escalation in both natural and man-made (technological) disasters over the decades, with notable surges in the 1991-2000 and 2001-2010 periods. A total of 25,836 disasters were recorded worldwide, of which 69.41% were natural disasters (16,567) and 30.59% were man-made (technological) disasters (9,269). The most significant increase in natural disasters occurred from 1961-1970, while man-made (technological) disasters surged substantially from 1981-1990. Seasonal trends reveal that floods peak in January and July, while storms are most frequent in June and October. Droughts and floods are the most devastating in terms of human lives, while storms and earthquakes cause the highest economic losses. The most substantial economic losses were reported during the 2001-2010 period, driven by catastrophic natural disasters in Asia and North America. Our research highlights Asia as the most disaster-prone continent, accounting for 41.75% of global events, with natural disasters making up 61.89% of these events. Oceania, despite experiencing fewer total disasters, shows a remarkable 91.51% of these as natural disasters. Africa is notable for its high incidence of man-made (technological) disasters, which constitute 43.79% of the continent's disaster events. Europe, representing 11.96% of total disasters, exhibits a balanced distribution but tends towards natural disasters at 64.54%. Examining specific countries, China, India, and the United States emerged as the most frequently affected by both natural and man-made (technological) disasters. The impact of these disasters has been immense, with economic losses reaching their highest during the decade of 2010-2020, largely due to natural disasters. The human toll has been equally significant, with Asia recording the most fatalities and Africa the most injuries. Particularly, the decade from 2001 to 2010 experienced the greatest economic losses, primarily driven by natural disasters in Asia and North America. These insights highlight the urgent need for tailored disaster risk management strategies that address the distinct challenges and impacts in various regions. By understanding historical disaster patterns, policymakers and stakeholders can better anticipate and manage future risks, ultimately safeguarding lives and economies.

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the financial factors and risk management strategies essential for optimizing disaster resilience within the Serbian defence industry's critical infrastructure. The significance of this sector is multi-faceted, impacting national security, economic stability, and technological advancement. Primarily, the Serbian defence industry ensures the preservation of vital defence interests, maintaining Serbia's independence from foreign sources for weapons and military equipment in both peacetime and wartime. Economically, it is a significant employer of the working-age population, directly affecting local employment rates, fostering economic development, and ensuring the sustainable growth of this crucial sector. This, in turn, stimulates broader economic activity and enhances social cohesion while strengthening the national balance of payments through increased export potential. From a technological perspective, the defence industry drives scientific, technological, and industrial development, reinforcing Serbia's global political and military standing within the Western Balkans and on the international stage. Consequently, the paper aims to examine the risk management and protection of the Serbian defence industry's critical infrastructure, offering concrete and actionable measures to improve and develop these systems with a particular emphasis on security. The research's utility and contribution lie in identifying similarities and differences in the operational performance of defence industry companies, a vital segment of the national economy. The presentation of these findings focuses on the protection of critical infrastructure. The results will form the basis for further investigation into the underlying causes of business performance and the effective management of critical infrastructure security.

Abstract: Deploying search and rescue (SAR) dogs in disaster situations is crucial for effective rescue missions. This study delves into the challenges and obstacles encountered during the use of SAR dogs, particularly focusing on the earthquake that hit Turkey in February 2023. By employing a case study approach, the research explores various factors that impact the efficiency and safety of SAR dog operations, such as environmental conditions, equipment needs, cultural perceptions, and logistical hurdles. Environmental conditions such as extreme weather, hazardous materials, and unstable structures present significant risks to both the dogs and their handlers. The adequacy of equipment, including protective gear and medical supplies, is critical for ensuring the safety and efficiency of rescue operations. Logistical challenges, including the transportation and care of dogs in disaster zones, further complicate their deployment. Cultural barriers also play a crucial role, as perceptions of dogs vary widely across different communities, potentially affecting the acceptance and integration of canine units in rescue efforts. The case study of the earthquake in Turkey highlights these issues, showcasing the successes and setbacks experienced by international rescue teams. The findings indicate that although SAR dogs are invaluable in locating survivors, they face significant dangers, including hazardous materials, extreme weather, and physical injuries. Additionally, cultural differences and logistical issues complicate their deployment. This paper highlights the necessity for improved training, protective measures, and international standards to ensure SAR dogs' well-being and effectiveness in disaster response efforts. The study's implications suggest that addressing these challenges can markedly enhance the preparedness and resilience of SAR teams, leading to more efficient and safer rescue operations in future disaster scenarios.