Abstract: Background/Objectives: Medical students experience significant mental stress during clinical internships. This study aimed to assess the levels of uncertainty stress among medical interns, evaluate its temporal changes and associations with doctor - patient conflict and views of relevant reference populations, and provide insights for stress - alleviating policies and educational initiatives. Methods: A prospective longitudinal panel study was conducted. 131 medical students preparing for clinical internships were recruited via WeChat social media groups from June 2023 to June 2024. Data were collected at three time points: before internship, three months into the internship, and after the internship using an online survey on Wenjuanxing. Variables such as uncertainty stress, doctor - patient conflict, and reference population opinions were measured, and data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and the GIM program. Results: A total of 122 students completed all three waves of the study. Uncertainty stress decreased over the internship period (β = 4.14, p < 0.05), while doctor - patient conflict increased (β = 76.26, p < 0.05). Uncertainty stress was positively associated with doctor - patient conflict from teachers and the reference population from teachers, and negatively associated with doctor - patient conflict. Conclusions: Although uncertainty stress reduces as internships progress, doctor - patient conflict rises. A supportive learning environment, especially from teachers, is crucial for mitigating stress. Medical schools and hospitals should implement comprehensive strategies to address individual stressors and institutional factors, considering the associations between uncertainty stress, doctor - patient conflict, and reference populations. However, the study has limitations such as a small sample size and reliance on self - reported measures, indicating a need for further research.

Abstract: This study identifies and addresses the relationship among counselor impairment, counselor trauma experiences, and factors related to impairment. It seeks to identify one potential creative intervention that might assist in the reduction of impairment, through counselor knowledge and use of neuroscience. Using a quantitative study design, participants were recruited and participated in completion of a multiple measurement survey, in which they provided data regarding neuroscience use and knowledge, trauma history, compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress, and posttraumatic growth. Data was analyzed using stepwise multiple regression and canonical correlation analysis in order to root out themes within the data. Possible implications of the study data include increasing understanding of how neuroscience knowledge relates to counselor levels of impairment, past trauma, and posttraumatic growth, as well as the need for ongoing support for research regarding the creative incorporation of neuroscience into counselor education and supervision. Additionally, how the use of neuroscience might act as a predictor of levels of PTGI and creative metacognition in counselors with past trauma experiences.

Abstract: Over the past two decades, there has been a much-needed shift within research to ensure that neurodivergent populations, including people with intellectual disability, mental health or autism, have a voice and are given opportunities to speak up about the issues affecting them as experts by experience. Whilst inclusive research has become the norm, in practice, it remains unsatisfactory to get access to disabled people. Within this paper, three doctoral researchers discuss their shared experiences with gatekeepers in restricting access to neurodiverse participants. The paper draws attention to the potential dangers and consequences of making decisions based on evidence that limits the nature of participation. The article provides tips and recommendations for researchers and stakeholders, including policymakers, under three themes: culture, creativity and courage, on how they can help break down these barriers to ensure that those difficult-to-reach groups are able to have a voice in research.

Abstract: The Psychosocial Rehabilitation Project (PRP) app is a tool designed to structure and organize mental health care, guided by the theoretical and practical principles of Psychosocial Rehabilitation (PR). This article aims to identify the functions, technological resources, and recommendations necessary for the development of a “psychosocial rehabilitation project app”. To achieve this, an integrative review was conducted with the research question: What recommendations, functions, and technological resources should be included in the prototyping and development of a “psychosocial rehabilitation project app” in mental health? In the search process, 834 articles were identified and exported to the online systematic review application Rayyan, resulting in 36 eligible articles for this study, along with one app. The reading of this material allowed the elicitation of three themes: Security and Privacy Policy; Design; and Software and Programming. To build a psychosocial rehabilitation project app, it is necessary to take the following precautions: guarantee the security and protection of data and choose technological resources that facilitate the management, construction, monitoring, and evaluation of psychosocial rehabilitation projects by mental health professionals.

Abstract: It is understood that social media platforms are progressively developing as a rich source of mass communication. According to Gottfried [1], the PEW Research Center reported that in Americans’ social media use, YouTube and Facebook are by far the most used online platforms among U.S. adults; TikTok’s user base has grown since 2021. Adults under 30 are far more likely than their older counterparts to use online platforms. There are also demographic differences in social media use which allows for segmentation of audiences for mental health awareness, mental health literacy, and resources. Even though a growing body of research has demonstrated that social media use is negatively associated with mental health and well-being, particularly among young people, there are benefits to moderated social media use that vary across demographic, socioeconomic, and racial population sub-groups. Results indicate that social media can be effective in promoting positive mental health through feelings of connectedness, social support, and early detection of mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation.

Abstract:

Aging is a global phenomenon that has driven interest in successful aging (SA), characterized by optimal physical, psychological, and social functioning without major disabilities. This study leveraged Machine Learning (ML) models to predict factors influencing SA using self-reported physical health data from the University of Michigan’s 2022 Wave 10 National Poll on Healthy Aging (n = 2,277). ``Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF) models were evaluated, with LR achieving the highest accuracy (77.7%) and F1 score (78.2%). LR identified significant predictors of physical health outcomes, demonstrating a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.29) between physical and mental health, especially in individuals with “Very good” and “Fair” mental health ratings. These findings underscore the critical role of mental well-being in SA and highlight the potential of ML models to enhance healthcare strategies by identifying key health interdependencies.

Abstract: This paper outlines the ongoing development of a specialised mobile application to address the mental health needs of vulnerable populations in the European Union (EU). Conducted as a mixed-methods research within two EU Science and Technology Cooperation Actions, the study prioritises stakeholder feedback to identify features for initial testing and strategies to improve application uptake, using critical digital health analysis. With a focus on marginalised groups such as refugees, migrants and socio-economically disadvantaged individuals, the application aims to provide an accessible and culturally sensitive platform for mental health support, integrating evidence-based interventions such as cognitive behavioural techniques and mindfulness exercises. Key features include multilingual support, habit tracking, personalised recommendations for support and services, and real-time crisis intervention. Collaboration with stakeholders and ongoing rigorous usability testing are driving the refinement process to ensure usability, acceptability and effectiveness, underscoring the importance of user engagement in technology-based mental health interventions in the EU context and highlighting the importance of collaborative science and technology for societal benefit.

Abstract:

Sexual health is a vital aspect of overall well-being, yet individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face significant stigma and discrimination, affecting self-esteem, relationships, and sexual expression. This review examined recent literature (2020–January 2024) on intimacy and sexuality among adolescents and young adults with ASD, incorporating 32 studies. Findings highlight poorer sexual health among autistic individuals compared to the general population, with difficulties in forming romantic relationships and navigating sexual interactions due to hypersensitivity. Autism is also linked to non-conforming gender identities and asexuality, exposing individuals to dual stigma within the LGBTQ+ community. Autism-related traits hinder sexual health knowledge, increasing risks of victimization, abuse, and sexually transmitted infections. Comprehensive sexual education and inclusive support are crucial to address these challenges and promote sexual well-being for autistic individuals.

Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnostics, tracing its progression from psychoanalytic origins to the integration of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The study explores, through scientific data bases like PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, how theoretical frameworks, including psychoanalysis, behavioral psychology, cognitive development, and neurobiological paradigms have shaped diagnostic methodologies over time. Each paradigm's associated assessment tools, such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, are discussed in relation to their scientific advancements and limitations. Emerging technologies, particularly AI, are highlighted for their transformative impact on ASD diagnostics. The application of AI in areas such as video analysis, natural language processing, and biodata integration demonstrates significant progress in precision, accessibility, and inclusivity. Ethical considerations, including algorithmic transparency, data security and inclusivity for underrepresented populations, are critically examined alongside the challenges of scalability and equitable implementation. Additionally, neurodiversity-informed approaches are emphasized for their role in reframing autism as a natural variation of human cognition and behavior, advocating for strength-based, inclusive diagnostic frameworks. This synthesis underscores the interplay between evolving theoretical models, technological advancements, and the growing focus on compassionate, equitable diagnostic practices. It concludes by advocating for continued innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ethical oversight to further refine ASD diagnostics and improve outcomes for individuals across the autism spectrum.

Abstract: Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) often co-occurs with disorders such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD, yet limited research exists on Spanish-language social media contexts. This study employed a computer-assisted text analysis (CATA) approach to examine Spanish-language pro-NSSI Tumblr posts originating from North, Central, and South America. A year’s worth of public posts was collected, focusing on captions and hashtags that included NSSI-related terms. Using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software, we analyzed linguistic and psychological markers. Log-likelihood ratio tests revealed significantly higher frequencies of words related to negative emotions, sadness, health, and death compared to standard blog norms. Mixed-language posts showed notable code-switching, suggesting a possible emotional distancing mechanism when discussing self-harm. Findings indicate that Spanish-speaking adolescents engaging in pro-NSSI communities exhibit unique linguistic and psychological characteristics, with important implications for clinical assessment and intervention. Mental health counselors and educators can use these insights to develop culturally and linguistically responsive strategies for prevention and support.

Abstract:

The objective of this review is to examine the recent literature on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Witnessing Domestic Violence (WDV) with a view to providing definitions, prevalence data for Italy and other countries, and for special populations (such as patients with severe mental illness), investigations into risk factors (alcohol, substances, child abuse) and the consequences for general and mental health. In addition to a free search with Google, Medline was interrogated, using PubMed and PsycInfo for both topics. A total of 757 publications were extracted from Pubmed and 338 from PsycInfo for IPV and mental disorders, while 334 publications were found in Pubmed and 205 in PsycInfo for WDV; updated epidemiological data was obtained from Italian websites (e.g. ISTAT, Office for National Statistics). We concluded that given the increasing incidence of domestic violence, health and academic institutions should frame the phenomenon in epidemiological and clinical terms, providing updated research data to the stakeholders in order to improve treatment and prevention practices.

Abstract: We aimed to review and synthesize the literature on risk and resilience factors for research-induced distress (RID) among qualitative child abuse researchers, with the review being guided by the Lippencott-Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for qualitative reviews. . We searched Scopus, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and ProQuest, with two researchers independently reviewing title/abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion, and with additional articles being sought using citation searches of identified articles and through a perusal of articles in key child abuse and qualitative research journals. We synthesized 30 unique studies, with this synthesis revealing that risk and salutary factors for RID outcomes emanate from all levels of the research ecology and, consequently, that optimal strategies for the primary and secondary prevention of RID could profitably adopt a multi-systemic perspective. Findings from this review provide child abuse researchers and members of academia with a detailed and systematic overview of potential threats and salutary influences for RID that could be used to (1) inform the development of comprehensive pre-research (and ongoing) training programmes for researchers, and (2) guide the development of secondary prevention programmes designed to mitigate RID outcomes. With respect to future research, this review suggests that the focus of research could usefully be extended in order to: (1) provide a more comprehensive perspective on the experiences of researchers living in low- to middle-income countries, and (2) ensure that children’s rights to be heard, and to participate in research on matters that affect them, are more comprehensively addressed.

Abstract: Background: Several studies have reported alarming rates of mental health issues and sleep problems among nurses even in the post-pandemic era. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and insomnia among nurses in Greece one year after the end of the pandemic and to construct a mediation model evaluating the impact of stress on insomnia, the chain mediating roles of depression and burnout, as well as the moderating role of anxiety in the model. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online in July 2024 and included 380 hospital nurses who completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Results: The prevalence rates of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and insomnia were 33.9%, 33.3%, 35%, 46.8% and 56.1%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the Depression subscale of the DASS-21 explained 40.6% of the variance in AIS, while an additional 7.6% was explained by CBI and another 1.3% rate by the Stress subscale of the DASS-21. Mediation analysis revealed that stress affected insomnia both directly and indirectly through the chain mediating roles of depression and burnout. Anxiety moderated the chain mediation path by enhancing the negative impact of stress on depression. Conclusions: The proposed moderated chain mediation model introduces certain factors influencing insomnia and explains how changes in any one of these factors effectuate changes in the other factors, offering insights for individualized interventions.

Abstract: How to determine suitable animal models of anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) for screening anxiolytic drugs and linking preclinical and clinical research is a crucial issue. This review paper provides background knowledge and critical determination to the animal models for discussing this issue. Moreover, this article analyzes the characteristics, properties, advantages, and disadvantages of various animal models of anxiety disorders and PTSD. It offers an overview of the pathophysiology, treatments, prevalence, and symptoms of anxiety disorders in the clinics. Furthermore, it comprehensively discusses pharmacological treatments and neural mechanisms, as well as the types and properties of the animal models of anxiety disorders in shaping and testing anxiety behaviors. In light of the previous literature discussion, we can understand the different functions of the animal models of anxiety disorders and PTSD to help us link preclinical and clinical research. Animal models are used in advanced drug discovery programs, specifically in psychiatry and neuroscience research. The challenge for the future will be to keep pace with developing the appropriate animal models of anxiolytic drugs to improve the translation of large datasets obtained to clinics.

Abstract: This paper critically examines the current classification of schizotypy and Cluster A personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). By examining empirical evidence, including genetic, neuropsychological, and symptomological overlaps across these nomologically distinct disorders, this paper argues for their integration into a schizophrenia-schizotypy spectrum. It is believed that a spectrum-based model would enhance diagnostic precision, therapeutic interventions, and our overall understanding of these disorders. While aligning with contemporary research, challenges in operationalizing this framework are acknowledged, thereby necessitating further empirical exploration. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a diagnostic evolution that reflects the continuum of schizotypy and schizophrenia, advancing both clinical practice and research.

Abstract: Depressive symptoms are influenced not only by absolute income but also by relative income, particularly among older adults. The present article, guided by the relative deprivation theory and relative position hypothesis, examines the relationship between neighborhood relative income and depressive symptoms in older adults. This study utilized a merged dataset from the American Community Survey data and the RAND Health and Retirement Study data (N = 3,071; age 65+). Neighborhood relative income was measured by calculating the difference between the natural logarithm of an individual's household income and the natural logarithm of the median household income in their Census tract, then dividing this difference by the natural logarithm of the median household income in the same tract. Negative binomial regression revealed a significant link between lower relative economic positions and more counts of depressive symptoms, even after controlling for individual and neighborhood covariates. These findings underscore the urgent need for social work interventions and policies that address the mental health impacts of economic disparities in older populations. Future research should explore the pathways through which relative deprivation influences mental health to inform more targeted interventions.

Abstract: Recent studies indicate that nurses experienced higher levels of occupational burnout and insomnia during the pandemic compared to other healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to assess occupational burnout, insomnia, and psychological resilience and to explore their interrelations among nurses in Greece in the post-pandemic era. The study was conducted online in July 2024 and included 380 nurses currently working in Greek hospitals, who completed the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Overall, 56.1% of the nurses exhibited insomnia symptoms and 46.8% displayed signs of occupational burnout. Low resilience scores were observed in 26.3%. Female nurses had a higher mean burnout score compared to their male counterparts. Multiple regression analysis indicated that CBI Total explained 34.4% of the variance in the AIS scores, with an additional 3% explained by BRS. Mediation analysis further revealed that resilience operates protectively as a negative mediator in the relationship between burnout and insomnia. In conclusion, the levels of occupational burnout and insomnia among nurses remain high one year after the end of the pandemic and consequently there is an urgent need to enhance the support for nurses to protect them from adverse physical and psychological effects.

Abstract: Substance use disorders (SUDs) and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid, a co-occurrence linked to worse clinical outcomes than either condition alone. While the neurobiological mechanisms involved in SUDs and anxiety disorders are well understood separately, the mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain largely unknown. This narrative review explores the neurobiological processes underlying this comorbidity, using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework to map disruptions in positive valence, negative valence, and cognitive systems across the three stages of the addiction cycle: binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation. Anxiety exacerbates each stage of addiction, marked by significant psychosocial impairment and dysregulation in the brain. A more thorough understanding of the neural underpinnings involved in comorbid SUD and anxiety disorders will contribute to more tailored and effective therapeutic interventions and assessments.

Abstract:

Research on suicide bereavement has increased over the decades, however, previous studies have rarely taken into account factors such as relationship, demographics, body discovery, and suicide method on trauma and depression severity. The present study examined relationship to deceased, suicide method, body discovery, age, and gender in terms of depression and PTSD symptoms utilising retrospective data from the suicide bereavement service ‘The Tomorrow Project’ of the third sector service Harmless. A total of 431 bereaved clients completed IES-R and PHQ-9 self-report measures on intake and were analysed against the predictive variables. Contrary to hypotheses, results showed no statistical significance in terms of relationship, suicide method, body discovery, or age. Significant gender differences were detected with women showing higher depression and PTSD symptoms than men (p = <.001) with a slightly larger effect size in terms of PTSD symptoms (F(1,421) = 18.35, p = <.001; partial η² = .042). Results are discussed in the terms of the need for further investigation into gender differences in suicide bereavement and the need to include gender as a risk factor for severe trauma in clinical screening after a suicide has been experienced.

Abstract: Context: The impact of forced migration on mental health is far reaching and compounded by post- migration contexts in which social determinants of health, such as resettlement, employment and gender, play a key role. Research on refugee men has shown that employment and life transitions are key determinants of mental health. However, a gap in knowledge exists on refugee men’s perspectives on the factors that impact their mental health. Methodology: This study used community-based participatory action research and the arts-based method of Photovoice to understand Syrian refugee men’s (n = 11) experiences of forced migration, resettlement, and employment in a Canadian context, as well as the impacts of these experiences on their mental health. Analysis and Results: Drawing on the critical theoretical perspective of intersectionality, we analyzed photographs taken by research participants, which showed that language and literacy barriers, time and stage of life, isolation and loneliness, belonging and identity and gender-based stress intersected to shape their mental health. Conclusion: Meaningful employment was central to the men’s identities; however, they engaged in low wage, precarious work due to both discriminatory policies that favored Canadian experience and credentialing assessment processes that devalued their experience and knowledge. Adopting gender-responsive and caring policies and practices could shift dominant discourses on masculinity and support the mental health of refugee men in resettlement contexts.