Abstract: This research proposes a new statistical mechanical approach in quantum field theory: the concept of fermion-boson duality and transition functions. In conventional quantum field theory, fermions (such as electrons) and bosons (such as photons) are distinguished as particles with fundamentally different statistical properties. However, this study examines the possibility that the statistical properties of particles change depending on energy scales, constructing a mathematical framework to describe a dual transition where electrons, which are fermionic at low energies, show bosonic properties at high energies, and conversely, photons, which are bosonic at low energies, show fermionic properties at high energies. To describe this transition, we introduce energy-dependent transition functions and apply them to quantum electrodynamics calculations, demonstrating that ultraviolet divergences in conventional theory are naturally suppressed. As a specific numerical example, we perform calculations of electron self-energy and demonstrate that with the introduction of transition functions, divergent integrals converge to finite values. This statistical mechanical approach suggests the possibility of regularizing quantum field theory calculations in a physically meaningful way without introducing artificial cutoffs or renormalization.

Abstract: The quantum efficiency (QE) or gain (G) of a photoconductive device is most commonly given in literature as a ratio of carrier lifetime to transit time, allowing for a value much greater than unity. In this work, by assuming primary photoconductivity, we reexamine the photoconductive theory for the device with an intrinsic (undoped) semiconductor, with nearly zero equilibrium carrier densities. Analytic gain formula is obtained for arbitrary drift and diffusion parameters under a bias voltage and by neglecting the polarization effect due to the relative displacement in the electron and hole distributions. We find that the lifetime/transit-time ratio formula is only valid in the limit of weak field and no diffusion. Numerical simulations are performed to examine the polarization effect, confirming that it does not change the qualitative conclusions. We discuss the distinction between two QE definitions used in the literature: accumulative QE (〖QE〗_acc ), considering the contributions of the flow of all photocarriers, regardless of whether they reach the electrode; and apparent QE (〖QE〗_app), measuring the photocurrent at the electrode. In general, 〖QE〗_acc>〖QE〗_app, due to an inhomogeneous photocurrent in the channel; however, both approach the same unity limit for strong drift. We find that 〖QE〗_acc  〖 QE〗_app is a deficiency of the commonly adopted constant-carrier-lifetime approximation in the recombination terms.

Abstract: Informational Quantum Gravity (IQG) presents a transformative framework that unifies quantum mechanics (QM), general relativity (GR), and the Standard Model (SM) by redefining reality’s foundation as quantum informational density ρ rather than matter. At its core lies the Primordial Informational Field (PIF), a universal substrate structured by discrete Quantules, where ρ-flows, driven by entropy gradients (Sent), govern the emergence of particles, forces, and spacetime. This equation, ▫ρ-λρ2+μρ3+η∂ρ∂t=Sent∇⋅v+Vunified(ρ,x,t), encapsulates IQG’s dynamics, proposing resolutions to paradoxes like singularities, black hole information loss, and the measurement problem. IQG aligns with frameworks like the Quantum Memory Matrix (QMM), which views space-time as an information reservoir, while extending beyond QMM’s scope with a broader, testable paradigm. Recent QMM experiments lend empirical support to informational physics, enhancing IQG’s relevance. IQG predicts observable effects—gravitational wave distortions (~10⁻³ Hz shifts), cosmological lensing (~10⁻⁵ arcsec), and quantum coherence anomalies—accessible via LIGO, Euclid, and quantum simulators. By recasting the universe as an entropy-driven informational network, IQG offers a unified lens for physics and transformative applications in quantum technologies.

Abstract: The Total Entropic Quantity (TEQ) framework derives quantum mechanics from entropy-driven selection principles, unifying entropy, emergent time, and thermodynamic evolution. TEQ decomposes total entropy into realized entropy (macroscopic disorder), latent entangled entropy (quantum correlations), and latent classical entropy (stable classical records), clarifying how classical irreversibility arises from global quantum coherence. A central result is \textit{Universal Entropic Time} (UET), defined by the monotonic growth of realized entropy. UET aligns the thermodynamic arrow of time with cosmological expansion, linking decoherence to macroscopic irreversibility. TEQ offers a unified epistemic-ontological interpretation of measurement, reconciling the Copenhagen and Many-Worlds views as complementary facets of entropy redistribution. It also provides an entropic explanation for quantum stability---especially in Majorana qubits---and suggests that spacetime and causal structure emerge from entropy gradients.TEQ yields two testable predictions: (1) Majorana qubits should exhibit extended coherence due to suppressed entropy flow; and (2) the entropic driver \(f(\Lambda(t))\) has a unique global maximum, implying that dark energy peaked in the past---a result consistent with recent DESI observations. Future work will derive quantum dynamics from an entropy-weighted variational principle, aiming to recover the Schr\"odinger equation, the Born rule, and quantum suppression from entropic constraints.

Abstract:

The Unified Theory of Informational Spin (TGU) proposes an alternative model for the description of physical systems, eliminating the need for traditional concepts such as dark matter and dark energy. Based on informational coherence, the TGU unifies quantum mechanics and gravitation through the interaction of informational spin, which acts as a central node of universal stability. The model has been tested on atomic, planetary, and cosmological scales, revealing predictable harmonic patterns in complex systems. In addition to serving as a bridge between cosmology and quantum physics, the TGU offers innovative explanations for various phenomena, from the stability of superclusters of galaxies to the organization of biological systems and genetic structure. By redefining the interaction between informational coherence and entropy, the theory clarifies the formation of neural networks, genetic regulation, and even the emergence of consciousness as a manifestation of informational coherence within complex systems. The application of TGU in quantum computing, astrophysical modeling, and bioinformatics demonstrates its potential as a unifying physics model, suggesting that reality is governed by interconnected informational patterns. The results obtained demonstrate the validity of the approach and its ability to predict and interpret natural phenomena coherently.

Abstract: Particle in Cell (PIC) simulation has been used to validate a conceptual design for a quasi-spherical, net power, hydrogen plus boron-11 fueled, fusion reactor incorporating high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets. By burning a fully thermalized plasma, our proposed MET6 reactor uses the principles of Magneto-Electrostatic Trap design of Yushmanov (1980) to improve the classic Polywell design, resulting in a predicted power-balance Q ≈ 1.3. Because the input power consumed by the reactor will barely balance the waste bremsstrahlung radiation, future research must focus on reducing the bremsstrahlung losses to reach practical net power levels. A first step to reducing bremsstrahlung, explored in this paper, is to tune the reactor parameters to reduce the trapped electrons energies.

Abstract: The intricate interplay between modern physics and the theoretical foundations of general relativity constitutes a critical domain of inquiry within contemporary scientific discourse. This paper meticulously examines how advancements across various fields of modern physics including quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and thermodynamics have profoundly shaped the evolution and comprehension of general relativity. The historical transition from Newtonian mechanics to Einstein’s groundbreaking framework signifies a paradigm shift in our understanding of gravity, space, and time, necessitating a reevaluation of classical physics’ limitations and the emergence of a novel theoretical paradigm. At the heart of this exploration lies the geometric interpretation of gravity, wherein general relativity reconceptualizes gravitational interactions as manifestations of space-time curvature rather than as forces acting at a distance. This paper delves into the mathematical framework that underpins this revolutionary theory, with particular emphasis on the Einstein field equations. These equations exemplify the integration of modern physics concepts that challenge and expand traditional notions of reality. The implications of these theoretical advancements extend far beyond academic discourse; they possess profound applications in astrophysics, cosmology, and technological innovation. Furthermore, this paper investigates the practical ramifications of general relativity, highlighting its indispensable role in elucidating phenomena such as black holes, gravitational waves, and the expansion of the universe. These phenomena not only serve to validate Einstein’s theories but also underscore the relevance of modern physics in addressing intricate cosmic questions. The incorporation of general relativity into technologies such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS) exemplifies its tangible significance, illustrating how theoretical physics can yield substantial impacts on quotidian life. Despite the remarkable successes of general relativity, significant challenges persist, particularly in the pursuit of a unified framework that reconciles it with quantum mechanics. This paper discusses ongoing research initiatives aimed at bridging these two foundational theories, emphasizing the critical importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing our understanding of the universe. This paper posits that the foundations of general relativity are inextricably intertwined with the principles of modern physics. By scrutinizing this relationship, we gain profound insights into the nature of reality and the fundamental forces that govern the cosmos. The exploration of these connections not only enriches our theoretical frameworks but also lays the groundwork for future discoveries in the expansive realm of theoretical physics.

Abstract: Alena Tensor is a recently discovered class of energy-momentum tensors that proposes a general equivalence of the curved path and the geodesic for the analyzed spacetimes which allows the analysis of physical systems in curvilinear, classical and quantum descriptions. In this paper it was shown that Alena Tensor gives decomposition of energy-momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field using two null-vectors. The discovery of the connection of the Alena Tensor with the Killing tensor shows that the energy-momentum tensor of matter can be expressed in terms of the Killing tensor. In this picture, it is not matter that imposes symmetry, but rather the geometric symmetries, encoded in the Killing tensor, determine the way spacetime curves and how matter can be distributed in it. In other words, it is geometry and its hidden symmetry that are the source of matter's structure. It was also shown, that Alena Tensor approach naturally leads to the existence of gravitational waves. The calculated Weyl tensor allows the analysis of purely geometric aspects of curvature, Petrov-type classification, and tracking of gravitational waves independently of the matter sources. The obtained generalized metric also allows for further analysis of metrics for curved spacetimes Petrov type D (and degenerated ones) with effective cosmological constant. A certain simplification of the analysis of gravitational waves has also been proposed, which may help both in their analysis and in the proof of the validity of the Alena Tensor. The article has been supplemented with the Alena Tensor equations with a positive value of the electromagnetic field tensor invariant (related to cosmological constant) which may help in further analysis of this approach.

Abstract: We present a reformulation of fundamental physics from an enumeration of independent axioms into the solution of a single optimization problem. Any experiment begins with an initial state preparation, involves some physical operation, and ends with a final measurement. Working from this structure, we maximize the entropy of a final measurement relative to its initial preparation subject to a measurement constraint. Solving this optimization problem for the natural constraint --the most permissive constraint compatible with said problem-- identifies an optimal physical theory. Rather than existing as a collection of postulates, quantum mechanics, general relativity, and Yang-Mills emerge within a unified theory. Notably, mathematical consistency further restricts valid solutions to 3+1 dimensions only. This reformulation reveals that the apparent complexity of modern physics, with its various forces, symmetries, and dimensional constraints, emerges as the solution to an optimization problem constructed over all experiments realizable within the constraint of nature.

Abstract: Implied by the terminologies “Harang Reversal” and “Harang Discontinuity”, there are two significant features of the Harang region. (i) The reversal of auroral electrojet along with the underlying plasma convection flow and electric (E) fields and (ii) the discontinuity between the electrojets/convection flows/E fields. Even the earliest studies reported the discontinuity observed in the meridional E field. Conversely, some of the previous studies state that convection flow- and E field-reversals do not involve any physical discontinuity. We investigate these two features (i-ii) observed in five topside-ionosphere Harang scenarios. Each scenario occurred during a sequence of events, which led to the onset of substorm expansion phase, when the Harang region was newly formed. Results show (1) the newly-formed Harang region between the dusk and dawn convection cells, where one convection cell wraps around the other, (2) the zonal drift- and E field-reversals, (3) the discontinuity between the dusk and dawn convection flows and also between the reversing E field components, and (4) the earthward electromagnetic energy deposition locally minimizing or diminishing within the discontinuity and peaking within the reversing zonal drift and E fields. Thus, the convection flow- and E field-reversals observed involved the development of discontinuity.

Abstract: We used an optomechanical microphone to measure the acoustic signals emitted by compressed-air jets emanating from apertures as small as ~ 5 um. In keeping with the predictions of aeroacoustic theory, spectra extending into the high-frequency (MHz) ultrasound region were observed. Most of this acoustic energy lies well above the range of a conventional ultrasonic microphone. Conversely, the broadband response of the optomechanical sensor offers the potential to localize and quantify leaks based on a more complete knowledge of the acoustic spectrum. We show that the minimum detectable flow rate, set by the onset of turbulence, scales with the hole size and was as low as ~ 10^-3 Pa·m^3·s^-1 for the smallest holes studied here. The results demonstrate that a sufficiently broadband and sensitive microphone might enhance the utility of ‘acoustic sniffer’ tools for quantitative gas leak detection.

Abstract: We present a geometric field theory in which the action and field equation are constructed from a vector field and its covariant derivative and have full general covariance in a higher-dimensional spacetime. The field equation is the simplest possible generalisation of the Poisson equation for gravity consistent with general covariance and the equivalence principle. It contains the Ricci tensor and metric acting as operators on the vector field. If the symmetrised covariant derivative is diagonalisable across a neighbourhood under real changes of coordinate basis, spacetime coincides with a product manifold. The dimensionalities of the factor spaces are determined by its eigenvalues and hence by its algebraic invariants. Tensors decompose into multiplets which have both Lorentz and internal symmetry indices. The vector field decomposes into conformal Killing vector fields for each of the factor spaces.The field equation has a `classical vacuum' solution which is a Cartesian product of factor spaces. The factor spaces are all Einstein manifolds or two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. All have a Ricci curvature of roughly the same order of magnitude, or are Ricci-flat. A worked example is provided in six dimensions.Away from this classical vacuum, connection components in appropriate coordinates include $SO(N)$ gauge fields. The Riemann tensor includes their field strength. Unitary gauge symmetries act indirectly on tensor fields and some or all of the unitary gauge fields are found amongst the $SO(N)$ gauge fields. Symmetry restoration occurs at the zero-curvature `decompactification limit', in which all dimensions appear on the same footing.

Abstract: Abstract: The gravitational force is extremely important because it dominates the formation and evolution of the universe. However, its physical origin and intrinsic nature have not been clearly understood for a long time. Certain observed phenomena, along with those newly discovered by the Hubble and James Webb telescopes, cannot be well explained by current theories. Furthermore, general relativity and quantum mechanics, which are mainstream theories explaining the gravitational force, are ultimately incompatible with each other. This situation strongly points to the need for a better or novel theory of the gravitational force. Here, based on the classical space-time view, a different but solid understanding of the gravitational force is introduced. The author has realized that the gravitational force originates from none other than the electric force and is a synthetic electric force produced by a large number of electric charges. Generally speaking, in most objects, there are a large number of free and inducible electric charges. Due to various reasons, including unavoidable fluctuations of microscopic particles, non-uniform charge distribution in the object is normal. The Earth, the Moon, and the Sun are all typical examples of such. The non-uniform charge distribution within an object will almost certainly turn that object into an electric dipole or a generalized electric dipole. Thus, almost any object can be regarded as an electric dipole, resulting in an interaction force produced between any two objects, and this interaction force will quickly change to an attractive force. This is the true origin of the gravitational force. This understanding can solve or explain confusing problems or phenomena easily and effectively, such as dark matter, dark energy, flat galaxies, filamentary nebulae, and the formation of the solar system and Milky Way galaxy. This understanding also naturally unifies the gravitational and electromagnetic forces.

Abstract: We have recently shown that the sphere-in-contact model can be used as an educational and research tool in various contexts, such as the visualization of carbon structures (e.g. graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanocones and graphite), heterogeneous catalysts, metal nanoparticles and organic molecules. In this study we present how it can be used to model the adsorbate structure of a monoatomic elements on the hexagonal close-packed surface of HCP and FCC metals to study long range ordering phenomena of monoatomic adsorbates on metals. We have used atoms of varying radius and colour to represent the metal surface atoms and the adsorbate atoms. The study reveals that many surface configurations are possible for a fixed adsorbate coverage (θ) by the movement of the adsorbate atoms in response to surface adsorbate-adsorbate repulsions. The movement of the particles (e.g. particle diffusion) can be seen directly in the model and this is caused by the user intervention. This has great educational but also research value as one can directly see how the adsorbate atoms reorder on the surface of a metal. We calculate the repulsive interaction energy of adsorbates using the sphere-in-contact model and are able to identify which surface adsorbed configuration is the lowest energy one. We find that this model will be useful in the rational design of catalytic materials and materials coatings with new technological applications where long range ordering of surface adsorbates is essential.

Abstract: The prevailing cosmological models predict that the universe will ultimately succumb to an entropy-driven heat death, an irreversible state of maximum disorder. However, this assumption is based on the indiscriminate application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics to an evolving cosmic system where gravitational interactions dominate. In this paper, we propose the “The Phoenix Universe Model: Death and Rebirth Through Gravitational Collapse”, which presents an alternative framework wherein the universe undergoes perpetual cycles of expansion and gravitational collapse. By integrating the Law of Natural Adjustment (LNA), we demonstrate that mass-energy redistributes itself in a manner that minimizes energy expenditure, leading to a self-regulating system rather than an entropic end-state. Observational evidence of large-scale structure consolidation, increasing gravitational influence over expansion, and dark energy’s potential dissipation provide strong indications that a cyclic model is viable. We argue that once the universe reaches a critical mass-energy density threshold, gravitational collapse becomes inevitable, leading to a phase of reorganization and renewal, rather than a singular terminal fate. This paper redefines cosmic evolution as an ongoing cycle of death and rebirth through gravitational collapse, offering a dynamic alternative to the conventional view of a thermodynamic demise.

Abstract: This research answers the knowledge gap regarding the explanation of the quantum jump of the electron. This scientific paper aims to complete Einstein’s research regarding general relativity and attempt to link general relativity to quantum laws.

Abstract: The intricate multi-scale phenomenon of entropy generation, resulting from the inhomogeneous and anisotropic rearrangement of cells during their collective migration, is examined across three distinct regimes: (i) convective, (ii) conductive (diffusion), and (iii) sub-diffusion. The collective movement of epithelial monolayers on substrate matrices induces the accumulation of mechanical stress within the cells, which subsequently influences cell packing density, velocity, and alignment. Variations in these physical parameters affect cell-cell interactions, which play a crucial role in the storage and dissipation of energy within multicellular systems. The internal dynamics of entropy generation, as a consequence of energy dissipation, are characterized in each regime using viscoelastic constitutive models and the surface properties at the cell-matrix biointerface. The focus of this theoretical review is to clarify how cells can modulate their rate of energy dissipation by altering cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion interactions, undergoing changes in shape, and re-establishing polarity due to the contact inhibition of locomotion. We approach these questions by discussing physical aspects of these complex phenomena.

Abstract: Darkish matter, a fundamental thing of the universe, remains one of the maximum fascinating mysteries in current astrophysics. notwithstanding its pervasive have an effect on at the dynamics of the universe, its elusive nature continues to venture the expertise of fundamental physics. This comprehensive overview synthesizes recent research findings, theoretical frameworks, observational evidence, and experimental efforts inside the quest to recognize the nature and homes of darkish rely

Abstract: This work proposes a novel cyclic cosmological model that integrates holographic principles with spacetime elasticity to resolve the cosmological constant problem. By connecting vacuum energy density to the universe’s holographic entropy and leveraging quantum geometry effects, this framework predicts a time-varying dark energy equation of state. This model suggests detectable variations at redshifts z∼1-2, which can be tested by next-generation surveys such as DESI and Euclid. The model preserves entropy across cycles through the invariant holographic ratio N∼10^61, linking the Planck scale to the cosmic scale. This novel approach offers a pathway to reconcile quantum gravity with observational cosmology, providing a self-consistent and testable explanation for the dynamic evolution of dark energy.

Abstract: Description: This paper explores a groundbreaking hypothesis within the Unified Theory of Informational Spin (TGU), proposing that gravitational waves can perturb the fundamental informational spin network of spacetime, leading to the emergence of matter under specific energetic conditions.We present: ✅ A modified gravitational wave model including informational coherence. ✅ Simulations demonstrating how informational decoherence can generate particle-like structures. ✅ Comparative analysis with observational data from LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (O4b). ✅ Statistical support showing 3–6% polarization modulations aligned with TGU predictions. ✅ A novel explanation for the origin of dark matter and potential ties to dark energy. ✅ Direct comparison with gravitational lensing models (Takahashi & Nakamura, 2003), ruling out standard scattering as the cause of observed effects.