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On a Higgs-Mediated Relation Between Elementary Particles and Spacetime and Its Physical Consequences
Ignazio Licata,
Leonardo Chiatti
Posted: 17 February 2025
New Algorithm for Entanglement Swapping
Zhaoxu Ji,
Huanguo Zhang
Entanglement swapping has important applications in various fields such as quantum information processingand the preparation of entangled states. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for deriving entanglement swapping results. The basic idea of our algorithm is to deduce the entanglement swapping results from all possible observation results, which is simpler than existing algorithms. We demonstrate the algorithm by the entanglement swapping between two bipartite entangled states, and derive the results of entanglement swapping between two 2-level Bell states, which are consistent with those obtained through algebraic calculations.
Entanglement swapping has important applications in various fields such as quantum information processingand the preparation of entangled states. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for deriving entanglement swapping results. The basic idea of our algorithm is to deduce the entanglement swapping results from all possible observation results, which is simpler than existing algorithms. We demonstrate the algorithm by the entanglement swapping between two bipartite entangled states, and derive the results of entanglement swapping between two 2-level Bell states, which are consistent with those obtained through algebraic calculations.
Posted: 17 February 2025
Presenting Circular Gravitational Fields: A Numerical Exploration around Rotating Black Holes Second Revision
Panagiotis Karmiris
We present a novel theoretical framework, Circular Gravitational Fields (CGF), which extends general relativity by introducing a geometric coupling between a U(1) gauge field and spacetime curvature through the Ricci tensor. This coupling preserves exact consistency with vacuum Einstein equations while predicting specific modifications in strong-field regimes. Using the Baumgarte- Shapiro-Shibata-Nakamura (BSSN) formalism, we perform detailed numerical simulations to explore CGF behavior around rotating black holes and derive testable predictions for gravitational wave signatures. Our approach maintains compatibility with current observational constraints from LIGO/Virgo data while suggesting deviations that could be probed by next-generation detectors such as the Einstein Telescope.
We present a novel theoretical framework, Circular Gravitational Fields (CGF), which extends general relativity by introducing a geometric coupling between a U(1) gauge field and spacetime curvature through the Ricci tensor. This coupling preserves exact consistency with vacuum Einstein equations while predicting specific modifications in strong-field regimes. Using the Baumgarte- Shapiro-Shibata-Nakamura (BSSN) formalism, we perform detailed numerical simulations to explore CGF behavior around rotating black holes and derive testable predictions for gravitational wave signatures. Our approach maintains compatibility with current observational constraints from LIGO/Virgo data while suggesting deviations that could be probed by next-generation detectors such as the Einstein Telescope.
Posted: 16 February 2025
A Possible Generalization of the Primeval Atom Theory
Youssef Rashed
Posted: 14 February 2025
Superoperator Approach to the Dissipative Mirror-Field Interaction
Marco Antonio García-Márquez,
Héctor M. Moya-Cessa
Posted: 14 February 2025
D-Entropy: A New Approach to the Dynamics and Evolution of Systems
Vyacheslav Somsikov,
Vitaliy Kapytin
A new concept, D-entropy, is introduced to define the changes in the internal energy of systems moving in non-uniform external force fields. D-entropy is defined solely in terms of the system’s dynamic parameters, specifically as the ratio of the change in internal energy to its total internal energy. It arises from the equation of motion for structured bodies, which accounts for the work done by external forces that not only alters the body’s motion but also modifies its internal state. The uniqueness of D-entropy lies in its applicability to both mechanics and thermodynamics, enabling the analysis of evolutionary processes within the framework of physical laws. Kinetic energy and D-entropy are identified as key parameters in the evolution of systems.
A new concept, D-entropy, is introduced to define the changes in the internal energy of systems moving in non-uniform external force fields. D-entropy is defined solely in terms of the system’s dynamic parameters, specifically as the ratio of the change in internal energy to its total internal energy. It arises from the equation of motion for structured bodies, which accounts for the work done by external forces that not only alters the body’s motion but also modifies its internal state. The uniqueness of D-entropy lies in its applicability to both mechanics and thermodynamics, enabling the analysis of evolutionary processes within the framework of physical laws. Kinetic energy and D-entropy are identified as key parameters in the evolution of systems.
Posted: 14 February 2025
Fundamental Equations for Turbulent Motion of an Incompressible Viscous Fluid
Bo Hua Sun
Posted: 14 February 2025
Statistical Gravity and Entropy of Spacetime
Riccardo Fantoni
We discuss the foundations of the statistical gravity theory we proposed in a recent publication [Riccardo Fantoni, Quantum Reports, {\bf 6}, 706 (2024)].
We discuss the foundations of the statistical gravity theory we proposed in a recent publication [Riccardo Fantoni, Quantum Reports, {\bf 6}, 706 (2024)].
Posted: 14 February 2025
Local-Equilibrium Approximation in Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Diffusion
Kim R. Kristiansen,
Bjørn Hafskjold
The local equilibrium approximation (LEA) is a central assumption in many applications of non-equilibrium thermodynamics involving the transport of energy, mass, and momentum. However, assessing the validity of the LEA remains challenging due to the limited development of tools for characterizing non-equilibrium states compared to equilibrium states. To address this, we have developed a theory based on kinetic theory, which provides a nonlinear extension of the telegrapher’s equation commonly discussed in non-equilibrium frameworks that extend beyond the LEA. A key result of this theory is a steady-state diffusion equation that accounts for the constraint imposed by available thermal energy on the diffusion flux. The theory is suitable for analysis of steady-state composition profiles and can be used to quantify the deviation from local equilibrium. To validate the theory, we performed molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that deviation from local equilibrium can be systematically quantified, and for the diffusion process we have studied here, we have confirmed that the LEA remains accurate even under extreme concentration gradients in gas mixtures.
The local equilibrium approximation (LEA) is a central assumption in many applications of non-equilibrium thermodynamics involving the transport of energy, mass, and momentum. However, assessing the validity of the LEA remains challenging due to the limited development of tools for characterizing non-equilibrium states compared to equilibrium states. To address this, we have developed a theory based on kinetic theory, which provides a nonlinear extension of the telegrapher’s equation commonly discussed in non-equilibrium frameworks that extend beyond the LEA. A key result of this theory is a steady-state diffusion equation that accounts for the constraint imposed by available thermal energy on the diffusion flux. The theory is suitable for analysis of steady-state composition profiles and can be used to quantify the deviation from local equilibrium. To validate the theory, we performed molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that deviation from local equilibrium can be systematically quantified, and for the diffusion process we have studied here, we have confirmed that the LEA remains accurate even under extreme concentration gradients in gas mixtures.
Posted: 14 February 2025
Constructing Physics From Measurements
Alexandre Harvey-Tremblay
Posted: 14 February 2025
Network-Independent Synchronous Stability Boundary and Spontaneous Synchronization
Yu Yuan
Synchronization of complex networks has been widely studied. Current research on the synchronization of complex networks is based on concepts from graph theory and statistical physics. However, the study of real network synchronization remains present substantial obstacles. To overcome the difficulties caused by the complexity of the network, I report a simple synchronization stability boundary equation and identify a spontaneous synchronization structure in power grids for the first time. The findings indicate that both the synchronization stability boundary and the location of spontaneous synchronization occurred are independent of the network. The boundary equation harmonizes two contradictory conclusions well and reveals the mechanism of the synchronization of different individuals through coupling. These results offer a new direction for synchronization research, providing a means to overcome the challenges posed by network complexity, nonlinearity, and uncertainty, and enabling a unified approach to analyzing the synchronization stability of grids.
Synchronization of complex networks has been widely studied. Current research on the synchronization of complex networks is based on concepts from graph theory and statistical physics. However, the study of real network synchronization remains present substantial obstacles. To overcome the difficulties caused by the complexity of the network, I report a simple synchronization stability boundary equation and identify a spontaneous synchronization structure in power grids for the first time. The findings indicate that both the synchronization stability boundary and the location of spontaneous synchronization occurred are independent of the network. The boundary equation harmonizes two contradictory conclusions well and reveals the mechanism of the synchronization of different individuals through coupling. These results offer a new direction for synchronization research, providing a means to overcome the challenges posed by network complexity, nonlinearity, and uncertainty, and enabling a unified approach to analyzing the synchronization stability of grids.
Posted: 14 February 2025
Code Revival: Fluid Motion in a Curved Pipe
Nils Tångefjord Basse
This paper presents a revival of FORTRAN 66 code which calculates flow through curved pipes. Results from the code were originally presented in [Greenspan, D. Secondary flow in a curved tube. J. Fluid Mech. 1973, 57, 167-176]. The coupled non-linear system of partial differential equations was solved numerically using a finite difference method. We demonstrate a step-by-step code revival process and compare original (coarse) results to updated (fine) solutions. Both the structure of streamwise (primary) and secondary flows are covered. The purpose of our paper is to make the code available as modern Fortran for the scientific community. The code runs quickly on modern hardware architectures and enables fast understanding of the physical effects included.
This paper presents a revival of FORTRAN 66 code which calculates flow through curved pipes. Results from the code were originally presented in [Greenspan, D. Secondary flow in a curved tube. J. Fluid Mech. 1973, 57, 167-176]. The coupled non-linear system of partial differential equations was solved numerically using a finite difference method. We demonstrate a step-by-step code revival process and compare original (coarse) results to updated (fine) solutions. Both the structure of streamwise (primary) and secondary flows are covered. The purpose of our paper is to make the code available as modern Fortran for the scientific community. The code runs quickly on modern hardware architectures and enables fast understanding of the physical effects included.
Posted: 13 February 2025
Search for Sources of Systematic Error in Astrometric Measurements of the Cosmological Constant
Michael Overholt
Posted: 13 February 2025
Gravity and Riemann Hypothesis
Jun Ze Shi
Inspired by the author 's Riemann conjecture, this paper attempts to solve the contradiction between four dimensional spacetime and quantum mechanics in physics. Guided by Euler 's formula, two important ideas of collision and vibration are introduced. The document deeply discusses the relationship between substance dimension and energy, including the stability and change of dimension, the relationship between energy and substance, the relationship between time and dimension and so on. Through detailed assumptions and explanations, this paper provides a new perspective for us to understand the complexity of the substance world. It mainly introduces how substances of different dimensions interact, the generation and transformation of energy, and the influence of dimensional changes on substances. The following is a summary of the core content of the paper :substance dimension and energy, the influence of dimension change, the stability and change of dimension, the relationship between gravitational field and dimension, time and dimension, and the realization of dimension change.
Inspired by the author 's Riemann conjecture, this paper attempts to solve the contradiction between four dimensional spacetime and quantum mechanics in physics. Guided by Euler 's formula, two important ideas of collision and vibration are introduced. The document deeply discusses the relationship between substance dimension and energy, including the stability and change of dimension, the relationship between energy and substance, the relationship between time and dimension and so on. Through detailed assumptions and explanations, this paper provides a new perspective for us to understand the complexity of the substance world. It mainly introduces how substances of different dimensions interact, the generation and transformation of energy, and the influence of dimensional changes on substances. The following is a summary of the core content of the paper :substance dimension and energy, the influence of dimension change, the stability and change of dimension, the relationship between gravitational field and dimension, time and dimension, and the realization of dimension change.
Posted: 13 February 2025
Terminal Velocity Paradoxes in Viscous Media: A Theoretical Perspective
A. S. Mosquera-Polo,
L. F. Muñoz-Martínez,
C. E. Deluque-Toro,
C. A. García-Negrete,
K.R.C Parra-Jimenez,
E. A. Ariza-Echeverri
Posted: 13 February 2025
Quantum Relativity (Impact of Energy with Space-Time 4)
Ahmed Mohamed Ismail,
Samira Ezzat Mohamed
Posted: 13 February 2025
Integrating Electromagnetic Interactions into the QMM Framework
Florian Neukart,
Valerii Vinokur,
Eike Marx
Posted: 13 February 2025
Reliability of X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Investigating Schottky Barriers at the Metal–Semiconductor Interfaces
João Fonseca,
Borja Caja-Muñoz,
Archit Dhingra
Owing to the global incentives targeted towards the advancement of semiconductor science and technology, the importance of a reliable method for the fundamental characterization of the interface between metals and low-dimensional semiconductors cannot be emphasized enough. For decades now, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been relied upon rather heavily when it comes down to investigating the band-bending, and hence the likelihood of a Schottky-barrier formation, at the resulting interfaces. However, the true extent to which the usually reported analyses of XPS measurements, attempting to unravel the true nature of metal–semiconductor interfaces, can be taken without a grain of salt is questionable at best. Therefore, in this article, a conceptual advance aiming to alter the status quo pertaining to the use of XPS for the aforementioned studies is presented.
Owing to the global incentives targeted towards the advancement of semiconductor science and technology, the importance of a reliable method for the fundamental characterization of the interface between metals and low-dimensional semiconductors cannot be emphasized enough. For decades now, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been relied upon rather heavily when it comes down to investigating the band-bending, and hence the likelihood of a Schottky-barrier formation, at the resulting interfaces. However, the true extent to which the usually reported analyses of XPS measurements, attempting to unravel the true nature of metal–semiconductor interfaces, can be taken without a grain of salt is questionable at best. Therefore, in this article, a conceptual advance aiming to alter the status quo pertaining to the use of XPS for the aforementioned studies is presented.
Posted: 13 February 2025
1.3 Micron Photodetectors Enabled by the SPARK Effect
Teresa Crsici,
Luigi Moretti,
Mariano Gioffrè,
Babak Hashemi,
Mohamed Mammeri,
Francesco G. Della Corte,
Maurizio Casalino
Posted: 13 February 2025
Natural Spacetime: Describing Nature in Natural Concepts
Markolf H. Niemz
Posted: 13 February 2025
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