Abstract: In the chemical education field, the Johnstone’s triangle representing three learning levels (symbolic, macroscopic and molecular) needed for students, is a very famous figure. Afterwards, Mahaffy suggested a tetrahedron model based on this triangle, where the top represents the human element. Subsequently, Sjöström proposed a subdivision of the top into three other levels: applied chemistry, socio-cultural context, and critical–philosophic approach. These six dimensions of chemical knowledge will be examined in relation to the discovery of aniline and other synthetic dyes, through a historical-educational path. The major impact of the synthetic dye industry makes this field of study particularly important for a Bildung-focused chemistry education.

Abstract: Carbon nanomaterials that include different forms such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphite, nanodiamonds, carbon nanocones, amorphous carbon, as well as porous carbon, are quite distinguished by their unique structural, electrical, and mechanical properties. This plays a major role in making them pivotal in various medical applications. The synthesis methods used for such nanomaterials, including techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), arc discharge, laser ablation, and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) are able to offer very precise control over material purity, particle size, and scalability, enabling for nanomaterials catered for different specific applications. These materials have been explored in a range of different systems, which include drug delivery systems, biosensors, tissue engineering, as well as advanced imaging techniques such as MRI and fluorescence imaging. Recent advancements, including green synthesis strategies and novel innovative approaches like ultrasonic cavitation, have improved both the precision as well as the scalability of acrbon nanomaterial production. Despite challenges like biocompatibility and environmental concerns, these nanomaterials hold immense promise in revolutionizing personalized medicine, diagnostics, and regenerative therapies. Figures of the various carbon nanomaterials in this manuscript are presented by the conventional ball-and-stick model and the sphere-in-contact model that was perviously shown to be a better representation of the void space in carbon nanostructures. These sphere-in-contact models have a better description of the size of the electron density of carbon nanomaterials and therefore can help in the rational design of new structures for medical and biomedical appliactions.

Abstract:

Fluorescent chemosensors are increasingly becoming relevant in recognition chemistry due to their sensitivity, selectivity, fast response time, real-time detection capability, and low cost. Boronic acids have been reported for the recognition of mycolactone, the cytotoxin responsible for tissue damage in Buruli ulcer disease. A library of fluorescent arylboronic acid chemosensors with various signaling moieties with certain beneficial photophysical characteristics (i.e. aminoacridine, aminoquinoline, azo, BODIPY, coumarin, fluorescein, and rhodamine variants); and a recognition moiety (i.e. boronic acid unit) were rationally designed and synthesized using combinatorial approaches; purified and fully characterized using a set of complementary spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, LC-MS, FT-IR, and X-ray crystallography. In addition, a complete set of basic photophysical quantities such as absorption maxima (l_abs^max), emission maxima (l_em^max), Stokes shift (∆λ), molar extinction coefficient (ε), fluorescence quantum yield (Φ_F), and brightness were determined using UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy techniques. The synthesized arylboronic acid chemosensors were investigated as chemosensors for mycolactone detection using the fluorescent-thin layer chromatography (f-TLC) method. Compound 7 (with a coumarin core) emerged the best (l_abs^max = 456 nm, (l_em^max = 590 nm, ∆λ = 134 nm, ε = 52816 M^-1cm^-1, Φ_F = 0.78, and brightness = 41197 M^-1cm^-1).

Abstract: This article examines the pedagogical aspects of developing the professional compe-tencies of chemistry teachers in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the face of global challenges, the teacher training system requires the inte-gration of the principles of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), aimed at fostering critical thinking, systematic analysis, and strategic planning. The article ana-lyzes key teacher competencies necessary for the effective implementation of SDGs in the educational process, including systematic and critical thinking, anticipatory fore-casting, normative and strategic competencies, as well as interdisciplinary collaboration skills. Particular attention is given to pedagogical models such as flipped learning, gamification, project-based, and interdisciplinary approaches that contribute to the professional development of chemistry teachers. The study substantiates the need for the implementation of innovative educa-tional strategies aimed at developing environmental awareness, analytical skills, and research activities among future educators. Methodological aspects of integrating SDGs into chemistry teacher training curriculum, as well as international experience in this field, are explored. The research findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to shaping the professional competence of chemistry educators, incorporating interactive teaching methods, digital technologies, project-based, and problem-oriented learning. The conclusion presents recommendations for optimizing the educational process to ensure teachers are prepared to integrate sustainable development principles into school chemistry education.

Abstract: The wine industry faces increasing challenges related to authenticity, safety, and sustainability due to recurrent fraud, shifting consumer preferences, and environmental concerns. In this study, part of the B.I.O.C.E.R.T.O project, we integrated blockchain technology with ultrasonic spectroscopy and soil quality data by using the arthropod-based Soil Biological Quality Index (QBS-ar), to enhance traceability, ensure wine quality, and certify sustainable vineyard practices. Four representative wines from the Marche region (Sangiovese, Maceratino, and two Verdicchio PDO varieties) were analysed across two vintages (2021 and 2022). Ultrasound spectroscopy demonstrated high sensitivity in distinguishing wines based on ethanol and sugar content, comparable to conventional viscosity-based methods. The QBS-ar index was applied to investigate the soil biodiversity status according to the agricultural management practices applied in each vineyard, reinforcing consumer confidence in environmentally responsible viticulture. By recording these data on a public blockchain, we developed a secure, transparent, and immutable certification system to verify the geographical origin of wines along with their unique characteristics. This is the first study to integrate advanced analytical techniques with blockchain technology for wine traceability, simultaneously addressing counterfeiting, consumer demand for transparency, and biodiversity preservation. Our findings support the applicability of this model to other agri-food sectors, with potential for expansion through additional analytical techniques, such as isotopic analysis and further agroecosystem sustainability indicators.

Abstract: In this paper, we present our investigations on the detonation performance and stability variations caused by replacing the -CF₃ or -OCF₃ group with -SF₅. The widely adopted DFT B3LYP/cc-pVTZ approach was employed to evaluate the HOMO-LUMO gap, cohesive energy, chemical hardness, and electronegativity. Based on these parameters, we predict the chemical and thermal stability changes resulting from the inclusion of -SF₅ instead of -CF₃ or -OCF₃. Our results indicate that, in some cases, the density of fluorine-containing nitro compounds decreases due to the presence of the pentafluorosulfanyl group. Additionally, machine learning techniques were used to determine the detonation pressure and velocity of fluorine-sulfur-containing compounds. Our findings suggest that fluorine-containing nitro compounds exhibit better detonation performance and stability than fluorine-sulfur-containing ones. Overall, the pentafluorosulfanyl group inclusion to aromativ polynitro compounds could not improve either stability or detonation properties such as -CF₃ or -OCF₃ groups.

Abstract: The constant evolution of bacteria makes the search for new and effective bactericidal agents essential. In this context, developing antibacterial compounds with luminescent properties offers a promising strategy to investigate intracellular biochemical processes while simultaneously assessing the drug's effects. In the present work, coordination polymers of composition [{M(L1)2}{M(L1)(H2O)2}]n (M = Sm3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+) were obtained from reactions of their respective lanthanide salts with 1.5 equivalent of the ligand 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diylidene)diisonicotinohydrazide (H2L1). The techniques used for characterization of the compounds included FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, emission spectra were obtained at room temperature and at 77 K, along with emission spectra in the presence of oxygen or argon. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and their clinical resistant strains - MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). It was observed that, upon complexation, there was a general increase in the activity, particularly with a more pronounced percentage of inhibition against bacterial biofilms. Additionally, the complex [{Yb(L1)2}{Yb(L1)(H2O)2}]n was used for functionalization of Bi2O3/Bi2S3 nanoparticles, however, a fluorescence suppression was observed for the Yb-containing nanoparticles. Finally, cellular internalization studies demonstrated that the Ln³⁺ polymers alone could be detected inside Vero cells through their luminescence properties. Altogether, these lanthanide complexes present potential for dual-modality biological performance, combining significant antibacterial activity with the ability for intracellular detection.

Abstract: BODIPY (Boron-Dipyrromethene) dyes have emerged as versatile fluorescent probes in cellular imaging and therapeutic applications, owing to their unique chemical properties, including high fluorescence quantum yield, strong extinction coefficients, and remarkable photostability. This review synthesizes the recent advancements in BODIPY dyes, focusing on their deployment in biological imaging and therapy. The exceptional ability of BODIPY dyes to selectively stain cellular structures enables precise visualization of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids within live and tumor cells, thereby facilitating enhanced understanding of biochemical processes. Moreover, BODIPY derivatives are increasingly utilized in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and for Photothermal therapies (PTT) for targeting cancer cells, where their capability to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species upon light activation offers a promising approach to tumor treatment. Recently BODIPY derivatives has been used for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) for various tumor, and it is a growing research field. The advancement in nanotechnology allowed fabrication of BODIPY dye-based nanomedicines either alone or with use of metallic nanoparticles as a matrix, offers the development of new class of bioimaging and theragnostic agents. This review also discusses innovative BODIPY-based formulations and strategies that amplify therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, underscoring the potential of these dyes as integral components in next-generation diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. By summarizing current research and future perspectives, this review highlights the critical importance of BODIPY dyes in advancing the fields of cellular imaging and treatment methodologies.

Abstract:

The growing demand for natural and sustainable skincare products has led to the exploration of bioactive ingredients, such as Acai oil, in advanced cosmetic formulations. Acai oil, known for its rich antioxidant and moisturizing properties, was incorporated into a nano-lotion to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing skin hydration, stability, and sensory attributes. Two formulations were developed: a traditional Acai lotion and a nano-lotion containing encapsulated Acai oil using chitosan-alginate nanoparticles. The moisturizing efficacy was evaluated by comparing the Acai lotion with a base lotion using the Delfin MoistureMeter SC Compact. Further evaluation was conducted on the nano-lotion to assess prolonged release, stability, viscosity, and sensory attributes, including texture, spreadability, absorption, stickiness, and greasiness. The comparison between the base lotion and Acai lotion showed that the Acai lotion significantly improved skin hydration. The nano-lotion demonstrated additional benefits, including successful drug loading (92%) within the nanoparticles, enhanced viscosity, and improved sensory properties. The nano-lotion had a lighter texture, better spreadability, and faster absorption compared to the Acai lotion. Both formulations maintained stability at pH = 5 over a one-month storage period and showed no significant changes in color, odor, or viscosity, confirming their stability. Moreover, the nano-lotion showed potential for prolonged release, suggesting extended hydration effects over time. The results demonstrate that Acai oil is an effective moisturizing ingredient, and its encapsulation in a nano-lotion formulation enhances the product’s stability, sensory attributes, and hydration efficacy. The nano-lotion offers a lightweight, non-greasy, and easy-to-apply alternative with prolonged release properties, making it a promising candidate for future natural-based cosmetic products. Further studies on long-term release behavior are recommended to fully validate the nano-lotion’s sustained hydration effects.

Abstract: The grochemical analysis of the 13 samples has shown the occurrence of bitumen in all smples.This bitumen has different origins: Kermanshah province and Khuzestn , Fars and Busher provinces in Iran

Abstract:

Waste Cooking Oils (WCOs) ARE produced in large quantities worldwide from hospitality, household and other industrial compartments. Today many Countries have no specific legislation regarding WCOs management, generating a crucial environmental problem. Presently WCOs are mainly employed by industry as feedstock for biodiesel and energy production. Nevertheless, the use of WCOs as a primary feedstock for second generation biodiesel production depends on its availability, and often import of biodiesel or WCOs from other countries is required. Additionally, the EU is pushing towards the privileged use of biowaste for alternative high value products, other than biodiesel, to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Thus, the aim of this review is to give an overall comprehensive panorama of the production, impacts, regulations and restrictions affecting WCOs, and their possible uses to produce high value materials such as bio lubricants, bio surfactants, polymers and polymer additives, road and construction additives, bio solvents among others. Interestingly many reviews have been reported in the literature addressing the use of WCOs for the preparation of a specific class of polymer, but a general comprehensive review on the argument is missing.

Abstract: This study focuses on optimizing the extraction conditions for antioxidants from the fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) through ultrasound-assisted extraction in the aim of creating a stable and effective cosmetic formulation. RSM was used to optimize the extraction parameters to ultrasonic power of 60%, with 50% ethanol concentration for 10 min. Under those conditions, the extract showed a phenolic-rich profile, with a total phenolic content equivalent to 18.56 mg GAE/g DM and a radical scavenging activity of 63.24%. Chromatographic analysis further confirmed the abundance of phenolic compounds, with epicatechin identified as the major compound at a concentration of 22.58 mg/g DM. The extract exhibited considerable antibacterial activity for a number of bacterial strains and it exhibited no cell toxicity on RAW 267.4 cells, supporting its safe use in cosmetic products. The cosmetic formulation maintained high stability, with pH values from 6.25 to 6.35, viscosity values from 7941.69 to 7956.70 cp, and less color change after 90 days preservation under varied temperature conditions. These findings validate fenugreek extract potential for producing a stable, eco-friendly, and effective cosmetic product, thus bringing skin health benefit and driving sustainable extraction methods in the cosmetic industry.

Abstract: The utilization of nuclear technology is rapidly developing worldwide. Using nuclear reactors, non-power nuclear, and phallicity supporters, such as laboratory production and radioactive research substances, will pose risks, such as environmental risks and risks to worker radiation. Changes in the radioactive environment can occur because the contaminated substances are radioactive. Good in a way, direct or direct. Decontamination is required to lower or remove radioactive substances in an area, surface, or object. Research: This was done to manufacture gels for decontaminating radioactive substances on the surfaces of glass, ceramics, and metal plates. The gel comprised polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), glycerin, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in a weight ratio per volume. Polymer synthesis was tested to evaluate the effectiveness of surface decontamination of radioactive cobalt-60. The synthesis results showed that the polymer gel composition with the best gel film results was a solution with 15% w/v PVA and 2% w/v EDTA. The efficiency of the gel on glass was 98%, and that on the ceramic and metal plates was 95%. An amount of less than 15 % causes the gel to harden and dry up into a movie, and with more than 15 %, the formation of a rigid polymer occurs. The addition of EDTA helps metal ion binding so that the level of contamination can be reduced.

Abstract: A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Stemona parviflora led to the isolation of 13 alkaloidal constituents, including five new alkaloids: 13α-hydroxyparvistemonine (1), 12α-methoxyparvistemonine (2), parvistemonine-N-oxide (3), parvistemoninine (4), and parvistemofoline (5). The structures of these compounds were elucidated through extensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR spectra, DFT NMR calculation, and comparisons with data in literature. Notably, compounds 1-4 represent new examples of the rare parvistemoline-type alkaloids, with compound 4 showcasing a unique rearranged skeleton. Additionally, parvistemofoline (5) was identified as a distinct alkaloid skeleton characterized by a n-butyl side chain. These findings significantly expand our understanding of the chemical diversity of parvistemoline-type alkaloids, and provide clues for elucidating the biosynthetic pathways of these structurally unique parvistemoline alkaloids.

Abstract:

This study explores the successful preparation of coamorphous systems composed entirely of ac-tive pharmaceutical ingredients, namely praziquantel, niclosamide, and mebendazole. Using a mixture design approach, ten different (binary and ternary) mixtures were formulated and pre-pared by neat grinding in a lab-scale vibrational mill. The solvent-free one-step process was re-producible, requiring only 4 hours to generate the coamorphous systems in the whole experi-mental domain. Structural analysis by PXRD and FTIR confirmed the absence of crystalline do-mains and presence of molecular interactions. The glass transition (Tg) temperature was calcu-lated theoretically according to Gordon-Taylor equation for a three-component system and then determined by DSC. In most cases a single Tg was seen, indicating the formation of homogene-ous multicomponent systems. Stability studies on seven systems, stored for six months under different temperature conditions (-30 °C, 5 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C), demonstrated that all systems were physically stable according to the "Tg – 50 °C" stability rule, with only two exceptions out of seven. Humidity effects were minimal, as shown by DVS data, which revealed only superfi-cial water sorption and no recrystallization. Additionally, the investigation of recrystallization pathways revealed that, depending on the system's interactions, some coamorphous systems separated into their original crystalline phases and others formed new entities such cocrystals.

Abstract: Mine tailings are a byproduct of mineral extraction and often pose an environmental challenge due to the contamination of soil and water bodies with dissolved metals. However, this type of waste offers the opportunity for the recovery of valuable metals such as silver (Ag). In the present investigation, an integral analysis of a sample of tailings was carried out, addressing its granulometry, elemental composition, neutralization potential (NP) and acid potential (AP), as well as its mineralogy; for the dissolution of silver from this type of waste. For this purpose, thiourea (CH₄N₂S) was used as a leaching agent due to its low toxicity and potassium oxalate (K₂C₂O₄) as an organic additive to improve the leaching of the silver phases (argentite and polybasite) present in the tailings. The effects of CH₄N₂S and K₂C₂O₄ concentrations, temperature, and pH on the leaching efficiency of silver (Ag), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and arsenic (As) were systematically studied. The results revealed that the maximum silver dissolution rate reached 90.75% under optimal conditions: 0.2 M L⁻¹ of thiourea, 0.2 M L⁻¹ of potassium oxalate, at 35°C and a pH of 2.

Abstract: Phosphonates derivatives are compounds of interests and are applied as drugs of e.g. antibacterial antiviral activities, what is connected with their inhibitory activity towards different enzymes, what in turn is in the relation to the configuration of particular compounds izomers. Biological synthesis of such molecules is the method of choice and can be carried on with enzymes or whole cells of organisms. Photobiocatalysts employed in bioconversion of epoxy dimethyl phosphonate are able to convert this substrate into geometric isomers of the unsaturated product, which is classified as very rare and expensive compound of high added value. Six different strains were screened towards dimethyl epoxy phosphonate and in case of Synechococcus bigranulatus 99% of conversion degree was achieved. Product structure and yield of the reaction were confirmed with Mass Spectroscopy (MS); Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of isotopes 1H, 13C, and 31P, 2D NMR; and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR).

Abstract: Methylene blue is a cationic organic dye found in wastewater, groundwater, and surface water, due to industrial release in the environment. This emerging pollutant is very persistent and, depending on the doses, can harm human and environmental health. In this work, a Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor using a BK7 prism with a coating of 3 nm chromium and 50 nm of gold in the Kretschmann configuration was developed for the detection of methylene blue, using for the first time, laccases immobilized on a gold surface as bio-receptors for this organic dye. The enzyme immobilization through carbodiimide bonds, using EDC/NHS crosslinkers, and allowed to analyze samples with minimal preparation. The method was validated, achieving a LOD of 4.61 mg L-1 and LOQ of 15.37 mg L-1, a working range from 0-100 mg L-1, and a R2=0.9614 in a real-time analysis. A sample of rainwater spiked with methylene blue was analyzed, and a recovery of 122.46 ± 4.41% was obtained.

Abstract: Ammonia volatilization, which is a main way for nitrogen gaseous loss of farmland, restricts the promotion of the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and contains some potential environmental risks. To investigate the general pattern of ammonia volatilization under actual paddy field conditions, researchers designed an indoor simulated system to measure the amount of ammonia volatilized within a single time period by controlling the pH and concentration of NH4+ (c(NH4+)) in the solution, the gas-liquid interfacial gas velocity, and the ambient temperature. In this paper, the influence of these factors, the synergistic effect on ammonia volatilization and their quantitative relationship were discussed. Researchers use the resolution of ammonium bicarbonate (SAB) and diammonium phosphate (SDP) for simulation experiments, and the results show that, there are significant linear relationship between amount of ammonia volatilization and c(NH4+). The correlation coefficient is between 0.9214 to 0.9897 and 0.8932 to 0.9904 for SAB and SDP, respectively. The quantitative relationship between temperature, pH and the influence factor (CIF), the initial ammonia volatilization fluxes (IAVF) was analyzed by least-squares method, and the degrees of polynomial were one and two respectively. The regression equations of the SAB and SDP among the amount of ammonia volatilization with the concentration of ammonium nitrogen, the temperature and the pH were gotten by using MATLAB. Considering the effects of temperature and pH on CIF and IAVF under individual conditions, we use binary cubic model to fit the relationship between temperature, pH to CIF and IAVF, the simulation results show that the correlation coefficients between CIF and IAVF for SAB are 0.9980 and 0.9680, however the correlation coefficients are 0.9946 and 0.9708 for SDP, respectively. The quantitative equation takes into account coefficient of determination and degrees of polynomial, and the ammonia volatilization fluxes can be calculated by using these equations.

Abstract: An MFI zeolite (Si/Al = 40) was desilicated by alkaline treatment in order to generate mesopores. Temperature, alkali concentration and treatment duration were adjusted to maximize mesoporosity while preserving the zeolite structure. Special attention was paid to the characterization of the strength and accessibility of the acid sites. The catalysts were tested in the isobutane/butene alkylation, a reaction typically catalyzed by zeolites but limited by coke deposition. Additionally, glycerol esterification with acetic acid was used as test reaction, due to the requirement of large pores to take part. The results confirmed that mesopores were successfully generated in the MFI zeolite, and the diffusion through the solid was enhanced, but the active sites remained mainly confined in the micropores.