Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition in which the body is unable to produce or manage insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus has been shown to induce a decrease in the vascularization of small blood vessels, leading to slowed blood flow in the extremities ( Wijaya & Putri, 2015). The objective of this study was to provide nursing care to patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in meeting their safety and protection needs at the Inpatient Ward of Kediri Baptist Hospital.The study design was a case study involving two respondents. The research was conducted by providing comprehensive nursing care over a two-day period, followed by a comparative analysis of theory and facts in the two cases. The research test employed data triangulation from patients treated over two days with foot exercises and foot care interventions.The findings of the study indicated that both respondents exhibited symptoms of numbness in their feet, which led to a nursing diagnosis of risk of skin/tissue integrity impairment, as indicated by alterations in circulation. The interventions administered to both groups included diabetes foot exercises and foot care. The findings indicated that both respondents demonstrated proficiency in performing diabetes foot exercises. The patient outcomes met the established criteria, as evidenced by the successful performance of diabetes foot exercises by both respondents and a notable reduction in foot numbness.The provision of nursing care, including interventions such as diabetes foot exercises and foot care, has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy for the prevention of wound occurrence. The foot exercises and foot care procedures were implemented on both subjects to mitigate the risk of skin/tissue integrity disorders.

Abstract: This concept paper outlines an implementation strategy for a mandatory training program using the ADDIE instructional design model for delivery to nurses and other health professionals in an interprofessional training environment. Background: Competence in Basic Life Support (BLS) is a lifesaving requirement for health professionals in clinical settings to optimize patient outcomes. It is essential that health professionals are supported in attending mandatory training, including BLS. To inform learning and teaching strategies, it is useful to apply theoretical perspectives to the development of mandatory staff training methods. Workload and other clinical pressures often take precedence over education and training, leaving clinical staff struggling to attend mandatory training and professional development opportunities. Healthcare organisations must ensure that staff attend mandatory training and are competent in BLS to meet accreditation standards and to promote patient safety. Method: A theory-based implementation strategy is outlined for a mandatory interprofessional training program including BLS, using the ADDIE model to enhance patient outcomes. ADDIE is an instructional design framework comprising five elements: Assess, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate; describing a learning methodology that can be readily applied to mandatory training in a healthcare environment. Through its iterative capability, the ADDIE model promotes rapid acquisition of clinical skills that can reduce time spent when attending mandatory BLS training. The strategy equips educators with teaching skills based on a robust theoretical model, promoting nursing and health professional attendance for mandatory training. Conclusion: Mandatory health professional training founded on theory, framed by the ADDIE model is an effective and engaging approach to BLS training and education.

Abstract: Background: The protection of patient rights in psychiatric settings remains a cornerstone of ethical and person-centered care. However, disparities persist between how psychiatric patients and nurses perceive these rights.Objective: This review aims to analyze the current literature concerning the perspectives of both psychiatric patients and nurses on fundamental rights in mental healthcare.Methods: An integrative literature review methodology was used to examine peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2021 in Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases.Results: Three core themes emerged: communication, decision-making, and restrictive interventions.Conclusion: Findings indicate the urgent need for reform in education, policy, and practice to foster mutual respect and uphold the dignity of all individuals in psychiatric care.

Abstract: Objectives: To theorize the work-family interaction process among nurses working in Critical Care Units in Chile. Methods: Constructivist grounded theory was employed to conceptualize the reconciliation of work and personal roles from the perspectives of nurses, their families, and administrative staff. Data were collected through observations in two high-complexity hospitals in Chile, one public and one private, document analysis, and 51 in-depth interviews. Data analysis was conducted using constant comparison and multi-level coding. To ensure rigor, the study followed the 13 criteria proposed by Charmaz and Thornberg for constructivist grounded theory studies and was approved by a Scientific Ethics Committee. Results: The reconciliation of work and personal roles emerged as the core process explaining the interaction between work and personal life among nurses in Critical Care Units. This complex and multidimensional process comprises three stages: resisting the war of roles, hitting rock bottom, and reconciling, through which work and personal roles attempt to achieve balance. Conclusions: The theory developed highlights the importance of an integrated approach that considers both sources of conflict and reconciliation strategies. Addressing this phenomenon effectively requires interventions at the individual, organizational, and public policy levels.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Dietary recommendations are an essential part of guide-lines for the best management of cardiovascular chronic diseases. The present study aimed to validate the Greek version of Cardiovascular Diet Questionnaire 2 (CDQ-2) and to assess dietary habits among cardiovascular patients. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. The study population was cardio-vascular patients, users of a private Primary Health Care clinic. The data was collected between December 2024 and January 2025. The questionnaire was translated from French, back-translated, and reviewed by a committee of experts. The MEDAS was used as a gold standard. The psychometric measurements that were performed in-cluded reliability coefficients and Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA). Results: The to-tal sample comprised 90 individuals. The Cronbach’s α was 0.97. A bivariate Pearson's correlation established that there was a strong, statistically significant linear relation-ship between CDQ-2 and MEDAS scores, r(90) = 0.962, p < 0.001. Cardiovascular pa-tients seem to have suboptimal dietary patterns as indicated by the relatively low mean CDQ-2 score of 2.9 (SD = 17.2), along with a mean MEDAS score of 8 (SD = 5.2), with younger (p< 0.001), males (p=0.042), single/divorced/widowed (p< 0.001), individ-uals with lower physical activity (p=0.001), and active smokers (p=0.022) demonstrat-ing significantly poorer adherence to the optimal cardiovascular dietary status. Con-clusions: The survey indicates that the CDQ-2 is a valid and reliable scale to use in cardiovascular patients in Greece. Also, patients are characterized by suboptimal die-tary habits, indicating the need for personalized interventions to improve their dietary habits.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: This study aimed to characterize adolescents' levels of hope, stigma, psychological vulnerability, and positive mental health, in a school context. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a non-probabilistic sample of 189 adolescents from 8th-9th grade in 2021. During the citizenship discipline, adolescents filled out an online self-completion questionnaire for data collection, containing all measurement instruments: Hope Thermometer, AQ-8-C, PVS, and PMHQ. Results: The majority were female (42%) with a mean age of 14 years. Overall adolescents have acceptable levels of hope (M=8; SD=2.58), high level of stigma (M=25,6; SD=5,23), satisfactory positive mental health (M= 118,3; SD=14,8) and moderate psychological vulnerability (M=15.2; SD=6.4). Conclusions: Findings support educational practices and policies that target personalized intervention to promote and improve hope and positive mental health in adolescents. These data are relevant to getting ahead and designing more positive mental health behaviour programs to reinforce adolescents´ modifiable healthy aspects and positive mindsets.

Abstract: Infectious diseases in children pose a significant public health concern and present considerable challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. This article examines the most common infectious diseases affecting children, the essential role of nurses in their management, preventive strategies, and the importance of family education in improving health outcomes. By examining diseases such as influenza, gastroenteritis, and bacterial infections, we highlight the complexity and nature of pediatric infectious diseases. Effective management requires thorough assessments, patient and family education regarding vaccination, and the crucial role of nurses in monitoring symptoms and providing supportive care for preventive measures, contributing significantly to improving health outcomes in pediatric populations.

Abstract: Introduction: Oxygen saturation is the percentage of Hb in blood related to oxygen in the arteries. An oxygen saturation value of less than 95% indicates that the patient is hypoxaemic. Suction is an intervention often performed by nurses to patients with critical illness. The objective is to identify the value of oxygen saturation and the effect of suctiontowards oxygen saturation value to patients in ICU. Research Method: The method used literature review with articles indexed by SINTA, SCOPUS and Google Scholar. The article used experimental design with a pretest and posttest design. Articles were from 2011 to 2020 and obtained 11 suitable articles. The variableswere suction and oxygen saturation. The measuring instruments used observation sheets, pulse oximetry and questionnaires. Result: The results of 11 articles were obtained based on literature review of results of oxygen saturation values pre-test which were below normal with a minimum value of 48.1 and a maximum of 100, while the oxygen saturation post-test value with a minimum value of 42.6 and a maximum of 100 to patients in ICU and there were significant changes in the value of oxygen saturation on pre suction and post suction with a value of p <0.05. Conclusion: there was an effect of suction towards oxygen saturation value to patients in ICU.

Abstract: Background: Breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women in Qatar, with a high mortality rate partly attributed to low participation in breast cancer screening (BCS). Nursing practice in Qatar operates within hierarchical healthcare structures that often marginalize nurses' knowledge and limit their autonomy, impacting their ability to contribute to breast health promotion.Aim: To explore how postmodern feminist perspectives can address the marginalization of nurses' knowledge and contributions within breast screening practices in Qatar.Methods: A philosophical inquiry using postmodern feminist analysis was conducted, drawing on a case study of breast screening practices in Qatar. The study compared two paradigmatic perspectives: logical positivism and postmodern feminism.Results: The findings highlight systemic barriers limiting nurses' roles in breast health education and advocacy. Logical positivism, with its emphasis on measurable outcomes, reinforces hierarchical power structures, while postmodern feminism advocates for inclusive, context-sensitive approaches to nursing practice. This analysis demonstrates how empowering nurses through a postmodern feminist framework can enhance their contributions to patient care and health promotion.Conclusions: Adopting a postmodern feminist perspective enables a reevaluation of nursing practice, emphasizing the value of nurses' knowledge and advocating for collaborative healthcare models. These findings suggest the need for policy changes to support nurses' autonomy and expand their roles in breast health promotion, particularly in culturally sensitive contexts like Qatar.Implications for Profession and/or Patient CareEmpowering nurses in Qatar could improve participation in breast screening by fostering trust and enhancing patient education. This shift would enable nurses to engage more actively in health promotion and patient advocacy.

Abstract: Falls are common among hospitalized patients, particularly affecting older adults. This study analyzed patients who experienced falls at Kangwon National University Hospital (KNUH) and classified them based on department and nursing shift hours. Data from adult patients admitted to KNUH between 2018 and 2023 who experienced falls were an-alyzed, focusing on demographics, medications, comorbidities, alcohol and smoking his-tories, and the Morse Fall Scale. The goal was to identify key variables contributing to falls in hospitalized patients. From 2018 to 2023, 336 internal medicine and 159 surgical pa-tients experienced falls. Surgical patients had a longer length of stay (34.49 ± 47.52 vs. 24.63 ± 28.37 d, p = 0.016), and falls occurred more frequently during night shifts. Internal medicine patients had higher rates of neurological and respiratory conditions, while sur-gical patients had more cardiovascular and musculoskeletal issues. Patients who fell during night shifts were older, while those who fell during day shifts had a longer length of stay. The study found higher fall rates in internal medicine patients who had shorter lengths of stay and took fewer medications. Further research is needed on fall risk factors and prevention strategies.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Healthcare environments are rapidly evolving with advanced medical technologies, digital innovation, and accelerated medical informatization. In this context, nurses' accurate clinical judgment and decision-making have become increasingly important, particularly as cognitive biases can affect their critical thinking and self-determination. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between confirmation bias, self-determination, and critical thinking among hospital nurses, and to examine how confirmation bias influences clinical decision-making in nursing practice. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted with 124 nurses from hospitals with more than 500 beds. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, including the Confirmation Bias Proneness Scale, General Motivation Scale, and Critical Thinking Disposition Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean scores were 3.42±0.68 for confirmation bias, 4.86±0.92 for self-determination, and 3.78±0.54 for critical thinking. Confirmation bias showed significant negative correlations with self-determination (r=-.425, p<.001) and critical thinking (r=-.468, p<.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that confirmation bias had significant negative effects on both self-determination (β=-.385, p<.001) and critical thinking (β=-.442, p<.001). Age, clinical experience, and education level showed significant positive effects on both variables. Conclusions: The findings indicate that confirmation bias significantly impairs nurses' self-determination and critical thinking abilities, with its impact being stronger than in other professions. These results suggest the need for systematic educational programs to help nurses recognize and overcome confirmation bias, particularly for those with less clinical experience. Furthermore, organizational efforts are needed to promote evidence-based practice and objective decision-making in clinical settings.

Abstract: This article offers a detailed, step-by-step guide to developing effective nursing research proposals, aiming to advance evidence-based practice and improve healthcare delivery. The purpose is to provide nursing researchers with practical tools for crafting comprehensive proposals that meet professional standards and secure funding. It covers essential components, including selecting relevant research topics, formulating focused research questions using the PICOT framework, and conducting thorough literature reviews to identify knowledge gaps. The article also emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate research designs and methodologies. Ethical considerations are discussed in detail, including obtaining Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and ensuring informed consent to safeguard participants. Additionally, it provides strategies for preparing realistic budgets, developing project timelines, and revising proposals to enhance clarity and coherence. By following these guidelines, nursing researchers can produce well-structured proposals that address significant healthcare challenges, achieve approval, and contribute meaningfully to improved patient care and healthcare outcomes.

Abstract: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in scientific publications, and the field of nursing has been no exception. Consequently, the number of publications containing errors that lead to document retractions has also increased. It is essential to understand and delve into this phenomenon within nursing research. Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze the retractions of scientific publications in nursing research worldwide between 2000 and 2024. Methodology: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study with a bibliometric approach. Data collection was carried out using the RetractionWatch database, from which a total of 408 retracted documents related to nursing research were extracted. Results: Over the last 25 years (2000-2024), a total of 408 documents in the nursing field have been retracted, with the majority concentrated in the 2020-2024 period, accounting for 84.8%. Ethical misconduct was the cause of retraction in 87.3% of the cases. Of the 408 retracted documents, 42.6% involved human participants in research or control groups, totaling 21,369 patients who were part of flawed studies. Conclusions: It is crucial that nursing research remains rigorous and adheres to bioethical standards, as these guide evidence-based nursing practice. Flawed literature can have significant consequences on patient health and care.

Abstract: Medical terminology is an essential component of healthcare communication but poses significant challenges for patients, especially those with limited health literacy. This article examines the role of medical terminology in nurse-patient communication and how it impacts patient understanding and health outcomes. The study reviews existing literature on communication strategies in nursing, emphasizing the need to simplify medical language. Findings suggest that patients with low health literacy struggle to understand complex medical terms, which may lead to non-compliance with treatment and poor health outcomes. Key strategies to improve nurse-patient communication include using plain language, the "teach-back" method, and incorporating visual aids. The article concludes with recommendations for future research, particularly regarding digital health tools and culturally sensitive communication. The use of complex medical terminology remains a significant barrier to patient comprehension, especially among those with lower health literacy. Simplifying the language used in healthcare settings is vital not just for improving patient outcomes but also for fostering trust between nurses and patients. While medical terminology can be important for precise diagnoses and instructions, the healthcare system must prioritize clarity and accessibility to ensure that all patients, regardless of their literacy levels, can actively engage in their care. The "teach-back" method has proven to be a powerful tool in enhancing understanding, ensuring patients are not just passive recipients of information but active participants in their health journey.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Advanced psychiatric nurses’ clinical skills and expertise are increasingly challenging registered nurses in mental health. Understanding registered nurses' perceptions on the role of advanced psychiatric nurses is vital for improving mental health care delivery and fostering collaboration for effective patient outcomes. This integrative review aims to explore how registered nurses perceive the role of advanced psychiatric nurses, their competencies, and how they interact with them in practice. Methods: An integrative review methodology was used to synthesize the existing literature following PRISMA guidelines. Both qualitative and quantitative studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the registered nurses’ perceptions regarding the role of advanced psychiatric nurses in mental health nursing. Results: Several key themes emerged from studies included in the review including recognition of expertise, role ambiguity and boundaries, and the need for structured education and training. Conclusions: The review highlights the need to clarify roles, and communication is essential for improving collaboration, team cohesion, and patient outcomes while promoting interprofessional education to optimize mental health care. In addition, bridging the knowledge gap or the discrepancy between registered nurses and advanced psychiatric nurses. What registered nurses know and what they need to know to perform tasks will improve the quality of mental health care and optimize services for individuals with mental health needs.

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare, enhancing patient care, and reshaping the role of nurses. This paper examines the use of AI in patient care, its benefits for nurses, and the current landscape of AI technology in Albania. It also explores the opportunities and challenges nurses face in adopting AI tools in their practice. By analyzing global trends and the Albanian healthcare system, this paper provides insights into the future of healthcare in Albania and the role of nurses in integrating AI into daily medical practice.

Abstract: Telepresence robots can enhance social connection and support person-centered care in long-term care (LTC) homes. This study evaluates their impact in facilitating virtual visits between family caregivers and older residents in Canadian care homes. Telepresence robots were placed in residents’ rooms, allowing virtual visits at mutual convenience. A total of 18 residents and 17 family caregivers participated. Quantitative assessments included the Zarit Burden Interview, the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and the Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease scale, while qualitative data were collected through interviews, field notes, and observations. Repeated ANOVA showed that using telepresence robots significantly reduced caregiver burden (p=0.008), improved residents' quality of life (p=0.028), and decreased resident loneliness (p=0.038). Older caregivers experienced the greatest burden reduction, with scores dropping from a mean of 25.0 at baseline to 16.1 at two months. Qualitative findings provided further context, revealing that residents felt more connected, close and engaged, while families found the robots facilitated continuity of care, complemented in-person visits, reduced stress and guilt and provided reassurance. These findings suggest that telepresence robots can enhance the well-being of both residents and caregivers in LTC homes, though future research should explore their long-term impact and technological limitations.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Evidence-based practice (EBP) has been widely adopted in clinical nursing practice, with nursing education efforts consistently emphasizing its importance in strengthening implementation efforts. Despite these efforts to promote translational research, the level of evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation in clinical nursing practice remains unsatisfactory. This study aimed to explore the barri-ers to research utilization in clinical settings, as perceived by nurses in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 using the BARRIERS Scale, a validated tool that measures perceived barriers to research utilization across four do-mains: organizational barriers, nurses' research awareness and values, quality of re-search, and research communication. The study involved nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Sabah, Malaysia. Results: A total of 562 nurses participated in the study, with a mean age of 34.3 years (SD = 7.96) and mean duration of clinical practice of 10.0 years (SD = 7.58). Half of the nurses (53.9%) had a moderate understanding of EBP. Using the BARRIERS questionnaire, the top three prominent barriers perceived by nurses were ‘the nurse does not feel she/he has enough authority to change patient care procedures’(35.9%), ‘the nurse does not have time to read research’ (27.8%), and ‘re-search reports/articles are not published fast enough’ (25.8%). Among the four do-mains, organizational barriers scored highest (mean=2.7, SD=0.72), followed by re-search communication (mean=2.6, SD=0.73). Conclusions: The study findings em-phasize the challenges nurses encounter in integrating research into clinical practice and highlight the need for ongoing efforts to promote evidence-based practice and re-search utilization among nurses in Sabah while addressing the identified gaps.

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to examine the importance of patient education and awareness and discuss the role of nurses in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases, as well as the impact of these activities on improving quality of life and reducing mortality rates. Methodology: A literature review was conducted, analyzing recent studies on cardiovascular disease prevention, patient education, and the role of nurses in disease management. Data from peer-reviewed journals and public health reports were examined to assess the effectiveness of educational interventions and nursing strategies in reducing cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The findings indicate that patient education and awareness significantly contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. Educational programs led by nurses have been shown to improve adherence to treatment, promote healthier lifestyles, and reduce risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and obesity. Furthermore, active nursing involvement enhances patient self-care capabilities, leading to improved cardiovascular health outcomes and a decrease in hospitalization rates. Conclusions: Strengthening patient education and the role of nurses in cardiovascular disease prevention can lead to better health outcomes and reduced mortality rates. Integrating structured educational programs and nurse-led interventions into healthcare systems is essential for effectively managing cardiovascular diseases and enhancing patients’ quality of life.

Abstract: Mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, are increasingly prevalent and present significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Nurses, as primary caregivers, play an essential role in managing these disorders through prevention strategies, patient support, and early interventions. This review examines the role of nurses in managing mental health, with a particular focus on depression and anxiety, highlighting key interventions such as early detection, psychoeducation, emotional support, and collaborative care. We explore how nurses influence patient outcomes and the importance of integrating mental health care into nursing practice. Recent studies suggest that nurse-led interventions can significantly improve mental health outcomes and reduce the burden of depression and anxiety. The conclusion emphasizes the need for continued training, research, and policy reform to enhance the role of nurses in mental health care.