Abstract: This paper explores the stagnation in clinical legal education (CLE) within Indian law schools, which primarily focus on legal aid clinics, prison visits, and awareness camps. It proposes a transformative approach by integrating corporate social responsibility (CSR) to enhance the pragmatic, experiential, and efficacious nature of CLE. By fostering industrial collaborations and leveraging CSR funds, law schools can address funding shortages, improve infrastructure, and introduce modern tools like AI-based simulation labs. CSR can support faculty upskilling, internship programs, and job opportunities for law graduates, aligning CLE with contemporary legal and industrial demands. The study advocates for a synergy between CSR and CLE to elevate the quality of legal education and employability of graduates. The authors argue that the conventional approach to CLE needs to be altered to revolutionize its rationale. By integrating CSR, law schools can make CLE more pragmatic, experiential, and efficacious. Companies under CSR schemes can adopt jurisdictional law schools and provide funds for upskilling faculties and learners, building world-class law libraries, apprenticeship programs, internship programs, and providing jobs to law graduates. CSR has colossal potential to expand the scope of CLE.

Abstract: This research paper explores the transformative potential of clinical legal education and trial advocacy in reshaping Indian legal education to meet the demands of a dynamic legal system. By bridging theoretical knowledge with practical application, clinical legal education equips students with essential lawyering skills, ethical competencies, and a commitment to social justice. The paper examines the historical evolution of legal education in India, from colonial rote-based learning to modern experiential models driven by National Law Universities and Bar Council of India reforms. It highlights the critical role of trial advocacy in preparing students for courtroom practice within India’s complex, multilingual, and hierarchical legal framework. The study addresses challenges such as resource constraints, inconsistent implementation, and cultural barriers, proposing strategies like faculty development, regulatory reforms, and community-integrated clinics. Through Kolb’s experiential learning model and adult learning theories, the paper underscores how reflective practice and real-client engagement foster professional identity and access to justice. Tailored to India’s unique socio-legal context, this approach aims to produce competent, ethical lawyers capable of addressing systemic inequalities and advancing judicial efficiency.

Abstract: Emerging technologies have made copyright licensing more complex and involved a broader range of stakeholders, disrupting the traditional balance between licensing and information sharing. At the same time, they have fostered innovation in licensing models to better support the dissemination of information. One promising approach to addressing the key challenges of copyright licensing in the digital era is the use of blockchain-based digital licensing. By examining blockchain through the lenses of its technological foundation, business applications, and new forms of production relationships, this paper explores how its core features—decentralization, trustlessness, traceability, and immutability—align with the needs of copyright licensing. It argues for the legitimacy of blockchain’s role in this domain, highlighting how decentralization supports the foundational goals of copyright licensing, how smart contracts align with established licensing procedures, and how blockchain enforces contractual obligations and equitably distributes benefits through consensus mechanisms. The paper proposes a blockchain-driven digital copyright licensing model that integrates decentralized registration and verification, smart contract-based rights allocation and management, and a redefined licensing marketplace.

Abstract: Environmental constitutionalism (EC) is a recent phenomenon that brings the trinity of environmental rights, i.e., the substantive environmental rights (SER), the procedural environmental rights (PER) and the rights of environment (RoE), within the national and sub-national constitutional texts. The United Nations (UN) has significantly developed the concept of the EC through the formulation of the international environmental laws. The Stockholm Declaration 1972 has been a seminal contribution of the UN in the development of the EC. The Rio Declaration 1992 has remarkably strengthened the conception of the EC, notably recognizing RoE through developing the public trust doctrine and polluter pays principle. The Johannesburg Declaration 2002 and the Rio+20 Declaration 2012 have formally recognized the PER but remained silent on the SER and the RoE. The Stockholm+50 meet 2022 has recognized the SER and the PER but remained silent on the RoE. However, the UN has potentially propelled three-quarters of the nations across the world to incorporate the trinity rights of the EC within the texts of their national and sub-national constitutions in different forms. This research paper investigates the conceptual outlines of the EC and role of the UN in the development of components of the EC and translation of the EC in a few selected democracies, including India.

Abstract: Background: This research analyzes active shooter and active aggressor attacks, comparing attack methods, criminal profiles, and defense and evacuation strategies. Methods: Incidents in the U.S.A. and Brazil are examined, with a focus on data related to age, number of victims, and weapon types used. The report differentiates active shooters (who use firearms) from active aggressors (who may employ other means, such as knives). Results: It discusses the influence of past events, including the Columbine massacre, and its global repercussions, which encompass attacks in Brazilian schools. Defense methods highlighted include protocols like Run, Hide, Fight, along with training for evacuation and containment. Statistics reveal that most shooters are young men and that attacks primarily occur in schools and public areas. Conclusion: Finally, the study underscores the importance of public policies for prevention, security training, and psychological support for victims and affected communities.

Abstract: The Great Indian Bustards (GIBs) are critically endangered species found in the grassland and arid regions of southern and western India, potentially spanning over around 90,000 square kilometres of Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Karnataka. The Indian State of Rajasthan is the homeland of GIBs. Recent research reveals a sure extinction of GIBs due to expansion of overhead power line transmission and wind turbines in the region of GIBs habitat. This research paper examines the incorporation of environmental rule of law within the Indian environmental legal frameworks to explore the equilibrium between the human right to development and human rights of the environment informed by international environmental laws. This research paper finds that the expert reports are not in favour of converting overhead power line transmission into underground power line transmission for several reasons, as well as the geospatial capacity of the region for wind energy generation cannot be abandoned to shift from fossil-based energy. The solutions to protect GIBs are ex-situ incubation of GIBs, incentivizing civic engagement in the conservation of GIBs, banning cattle grazing over the GIBs habitat region, banning use of pesticides in agricultural fields near the GIB priority areas, and installation of bird diverters on the overhead power transmission lines.

Abstract: The environmental rule of law (ERL) is a recent development in the international landscape. Within a very short span of time, the ERL has been considered as one of the distinctive components of environmental constitutionalism. The UNEP introduced seven core elements of the ERL in 2015 that modified canons of the rule of law putting environmental concerns at its epicentre. Like principles of rule of law, the ERL has attained the highest pedestal in the domestic legal field, and it has become eternal and less susceptible to ordinary political change. The ERL is primarily concerned with the enactment and implementation of domestic environmental laws that are substantially and procedurally just, fair, and reasonable facilitating people’s right to sustainable development in a clean and healthy environment along with rights of the environment to maintain its life cycle uninterruptedly. This research paper adopts doctrinal research methodology to investigate the anatomy of ERL within the Indian environmental policies such as Constitutional Law, Wildlife Protection Act, PESA, Water Act, Air Act, EP Act and NGT Act. It has found that there is partial incorporation of ERL within the text of Indian environmental policies.

Abstract: This paper examines the challenges and dynamics of a possible renewable energy law. Despite widespread awareness of the global climate crisis and the international community’s recognition of the importance of transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy, renewable energy law can only be described as soft law in legal framework. Through a critical assessment of various international agreements, such as the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement, the study evaluates their role in shaping norms for renewable energy, while also highlighting their limitations in creating enforceable legal obligations. This study contributes to the ongoing debate on developing international legal structures to address the pressing needs of climate change and energy security in the 21st Century by highlighting the complexities created by economic dependence on fossil fuels, resistance from oil rich countries, and internal pressures from the fossil fuel industry, it examines the interplay between national energy policies and international cooperation. The findings suggest that a binding universal renewable energy law is unlikely to emerge in the short to medium term, as the transition to renewable energy would run counter to the economic and political interests of states and large corporations. In the long term, however, a universal renewable energy law is likely to emerge as dependence on fossil fuels declines.

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This paper delves into the intersection of legal frameworks and the inclusion of ethnic minorities in international sporting competitions, with a particular focus on the Olympic Games and World Championships. The analysis begins by exploring the legal barriers that hinder the participation of ethnic minorities, examining both national and international legal systems. Attention is then given to the role of international federations, such as the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and FIFA, in shaping policies that affect inclusion. Case studies from history are reviewed to illustrate the real-world impact of racial discrimination in sport. Finally, the paper proposes a set of legal reforms aimed at fostering inclusivity within global sports, with the aim of promoting a more equitable and just sporting environment for athletes from all ethnic backgrounds.

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Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) between the United States and Latin America have intensified in recent decades, reflecting increasing economic integration and the search for new markets. This article analyzes the key legal challenges faced in these operations, focusing on regulatory differences, corporate governance, and the impact of mechanisms such as L-1 and E-2 visas. Through a critical literature review and practical case studies, this study discusses the need for regulatory harmonization, the importance of due diligence, and the strategic role of business immigration visas. Additionally, it presents a new perspective on regulatory impacts, examining how legal adaptation can influence the efficiency of these transactions. The conclusion highlights that while cross-border M&A offers significant opportunities, overcoming legal challenges requires a proactive and collaborative approach among stakeholders.

Abstract: This article looks at the development and interaction of three types of law: ludis (playful culture), lex sportiva (the sporting law), and lex mercatoria (commercial law). Though each arose to meet particular social and economic purposes – from sociability to sporting control to trade – these legal systems exhibit autonomic regulation, dynamic creation of norms, and arbitration of disputes. Based on historical analysis, theoretical review, and current practices, this study establishes how non-state legal systems have contributed to legal pluralism and still affect the global legal systems. It concludes by identifying the potential and difficulties of combining these systems within the formal state structures in a increasingly interconnected world.

Abstract: The digital transformation of the insurance industry in the European Union (EU) creates both opportunities and regulatory challenges, requiring a balance between innovation, consumer protection, and market stability. This paper examines the evolving regulatory landscape for digital insurance platforms, focusing on the intersection of EU digital and insurance-specific regulations. The study explores how digital insurance platforms operate within the broader EU regulatory ecosystem by analysing key legislative milestones and legal frameworks. It assesses the implications of these frameworks for various stakeholders, including platform owners, policyholders, distributors, and emerging business models such as peer-to-peer insurance. The research further investigates the regulatory boundaries defining different digital insurance models and the complexities of ensuring compliance with business conduct rules in a digital environment. Findings highlight the tensions between fostering technological innovation and maintaining regulatory oversight, particularly in platform governance, robo-advisory services, and digital distribution. The paper concludes that while EU regulations seek to address these challenges, uncertainties persist in the classification and supervision of digital insurance platforms. It offers recommendations to enhance regulatory clarity, ensuring a framework supporting consumer protection and market development in the digital insurance landscape.

Abstract: Nowadays, generative AI technologies and services have entered a stage of explosive growth worldwide. While generative AI brings technological progress and productivity enhancement to the economy, it also raises various risks regarding legal, the ethics of science and technology, and social governance. For the development of AI, the EU adopts a strict regulatory attitude based on the rule of law. It constructs AI norms by unifying the regulations and coordinating regulatory agencies. The United States, on the other hand, adopts a principled and advocacy regulatory strategy. It clarifies the compliance requirements for enterprises with concerns about their autonomy. While the UK only claims the principles that are not mandatory, which is a compromise regulatory approach. Based on the practical needs of China's participation in the international AI competition and comparison among foreign experience, the rule of law of generative AI should rest on the interactions between technology and law, and the balance between development and security. Additionally, it should establish requirements for security, reliability, and controllability for the standardized development of AI within the legal framework. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen the supply of relevant policies and systems, establish a diversified and long-term regulatory mechanism as soon as possible, and set standardized and unified responsibility rules. Sequentially, to establish a full-cycle, systematic, and three-dimensional practice framework of the rule of law, thereby ensuring the robust and normalized development of generative AI, while firmly maintaining safety as the baseline.

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Gender equality within the realm of sport has become an increasingly prominent issue in discussions surrounding social and economic disparities. Despite notable advancements in international, European, and national legislation, gender-based discrimination persists across various domains, including representation, opportunities, and financial resources. This article delves into the legal infrastructure that underpins gender equality within the sports legal system, analyzing relevant international frameworks, as well as initiatives from European and national bodies. The article further explores the ongoing challenges faced by female athletes, such as wage gaps, media visibility, and career progression. A key focus is placed on efforts to foster inclusivity and equality, particularly through awareness-raising campaigns and policies aimed at supporting women in sport. The article concludes by offering a critical reflection on the gradual pace of change and underscores the necessity for collective action in dismantling the cultural barriers that continue to hinder the full participation and representation of women in sport.

Abstract: The meteoric rise of e-sports has catapulted it into the Olympic spotlight, igniting a firestorm of debate within the athletic community. This research delves into the intricate tapestry of possibilities and pitfalls surrounding the potential marriage of digital competition and the five-ring circus. By weaving together threads from academic literature, market trends, and official proclamations, we aim to paint a comprehensive picture of this bold proposition.Our findings reveal a double-edged sword: while e-sports could breathe new life into the Olympic movement, appealing to the tech-savvy youth, it also threatens to upset the delicate balance of tradition and innovation. The virtual realm of e-sports clashes with the sweat-and-muscle ethos of the Games, raising eyebrows about governance, standardization, and public health implications.Yet, amidst these challenges lie tantalizing prospects of economic windfall and unprecedented youth engagement. We posit that if e-sports are to find a home in the Olympic family, it will be through a careful choreography of old and new, a gradual waltz rather than a hasty tango. This paradigm shift calls for a symphony of interdisciplinary research to orchestrate a harmonious integration, should it come to pass.The study concludes that the integration of e-sports into the Olympics will be gradual and progressive in order to fuse the new with the old and that more interdisciplinary studies are needed to steer this transformation process.

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The Olympic Games are considered as the ultimate event, the embodiment of excellence, respect and inclusiveness, but the issue of transgender people’s participation in sports has become a subject that threatens the equilibrium between equity, tolerance, and honesty. This paper aims at exploring the philosophical aspects of Olympism and their incorporation, the process and the difficulties in implementing the Olympic values in the contemporary world. It reviews the history of the matter, ethical issues, and the current policies. The aim is to develop a conceptual framework that can help to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the Olympic Movement as an inclusive organization.

Abstract: The growing complexity and globalization of business have heightened the importance of efficient and effective dispute resolution mechanisms. Institutional arbitration, as an alternative to traditional court litigation, plays a pivotal role in corporate dispute resolution. This study explores the impact of institutional arbitration rules on the efficiency of corporate dispute resolution, focusing on factors such as cost, speed, neutrality, enforceability, and flexibility. By analyzing the rules of major arbitration institutions, including the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), and the American Arbitration Association (AAA), the paper assesses how these rules streamline dispute resolution processes, mitigate risks of lengthy legal battles, and foster greater confidence among businesses. The findings indicate that well-designed institutional arbitration rules contribute to the acceleration of dispute resolution, reduction of costs, and ensure impartiality in the decision-making process. However, challenges remain, such as inconsistent application of rules and the potential for complexity in cross-border cases. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing arbitration rules to further improve corporate dispute resolution efficiency, while emphasizing the need for continual adaptation to the evolving needs of global businesses.

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The field of forensic science has witnessed a remarkable evolution, transitioning from purely analog methods of evidence collection and analysis to highly sophisticated digital systems. Today, this transformation is gaining renewed momentum through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). By leveraging the power of machine learning, pattern recognition, and data analytics, forensic science stands on the threshold of a revolution that will refine investigative processes and bolster the accuracy of results. This article examines the multidisciplinary nature of forensics, outlines contemporary scientific methods, and explores how AI-driven advancements promise to reshape the field. The synergy between specialists in chemistry, biology, digital forensics, criminology, and computer science is highlighted to demonstrate the inherent collaborative nature of modern investigations. Limitations such as data bias and ethical concerns are addressed, and prospects for near-future developments are discussed. The results indicate that, despite a few constraints, AI represents a tremendous opportunity for forensic science to become faster, more precise, and more efficient.

Abstract: Comprehensive Criminology, developed by George C. Basiliade (Comprehensive Criminology, Expert Publishing, 2006, 903 pages, awarded the Romanian Academy Prize in 2006), is not only an encyclopedic treatise, unique in Romanian specialized literature, but also an original concept in the epistemology and ontology of crime, setting itself apart in both European and global criminological research. Unfortunately, this work remains insufficiently known and inadequately integrated into the academic value circuit. This analytical endeavor reveals the Romanian researcher’s ontological vision of real crime. Basiliade’s analysis of real crime (Chapter 2,”Real Crime, Investigated or Pending Trial Crime and Sanctioned Crime”pp.462-476) through the multifocal lens of comprehensive criminology, presents a complex vision with social ontological virtues, anticipating significant transformations in researching crime in postmodernity dealing with the axiology and ethics of human rights, devoted to human dignity.

Abstract: The article explores the history of industrial revolutions and their impact on various indus-tries and public life. Authors argue that industrial transformation and innovation are mani-festations of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR), which introduced new technologies like virtual-real space, quality procedures, robotic systems, and smart factories. We examine how the widespread use of information and communication technology (ICT) has signifi-cantly altered economic behavior and highlighted the importance of new laws for sustaina-ble development. Additionally, we discuss that the fourth industrial revolution, character-ized by linked items, digitalization, artificial intelligence, and 3D printing, has led to in-creased automation and fragmentation of value chains worldwide. We also examine elec-tronic trade as a crucial component of industrialized nations' logistics value chain and eco-nomic strength. In this article, we highlighted the COVID-19 pandemic increasing the im-portance of digital trade for the resilience of the economy. We explore all the world gov-ernments now prepared to expand and supervise the digital economy by introducing new digital laws. However, least-developed countries struggle due to limited resources, infra-structure, and finance for substantial digital economy investments, emphasizing the need for increased digital economy skills and resources.