Abstract: As the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) keeps increasing in recent years, two prevailing concerns of owners are charging station availability and reliability. During busy travel times, such as holiday weekends or during the summertime, it is common for owners to report long charger wait times due to limited site size and offline stations. Most charge point operators (CPOs) only install four to six chargers at a station, which leads to low redundancy. This study proposed a new movable, self-contained charging station design. This charging station can be deployed with short notice to temporarily increase capacity during busy times or emergencies such as evacuations due to natural disasters. With the goal of being self-sufficient, this study weighed the pros and cons of differing cell chemistries, sized the battery using charging data provided by the United States’ largest public CPO, and discussed the feasibility of a solar canopy.

Abstract: In this work, a cylindrical gate-all-around junctionless field effect transistor (JLFET) has been investigated. Junctions and doping concentration gradients are unavailable in JLFET. According to the results, the suggested device has a novel architecture that significantly enhances transistor performance while exhibiting a decreased vulnerability to short-channel effects (SCEs). The Atlas 3D device simulator has been used to analyze the proposed JLFET's performance, especially for low-power applications for different channel lengths ranging from 10 nm to 60 nm with Al0.30Ga0.60As as III-V materials. The comparative simulated study has been based on various performance parameters, including subthreshold slope (SS), drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), transconductance, threshold voltage, and ION to IOFF ratio. The results of the simulations demonstrated that the III-V JLFET exhibited a favorable subthreshold slope and decreased DIBL compared to other circuit topologies. In the suggested study, gallium arsenide (GaAs) and its compound materials have demonstrated a strong correlation between the SS and DIBL values. The SS is approximately 63 mV/V, extremely near the ideal 60 mV/V value. Gallium arsenide (GaAs) and aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) exhibit DIBL of approximately 30 mV/dec and a subthreshold value of around 64 mV/V.

Abstract: Heart rate variability (HRV) which is the variation between consecutive heartbeats reflects the electrical activity of the heart and provides insight into autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. This study uses wavelet transform-based HRV feature extraction to investigate cardiac sympatho-vagal balance. Both Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) methods were applied in different steps. DWT was used for R-peak detection and CWT and MODWT were used to generate spectrograms from RR intervals. Frequency components (HF, LF, VLF) within 0.003-0.4Hz were extracted, and power estimation was performed. The LF/HF ratio, indicating sympatho-vagal balance, was calculated. ECG data from 42 arrhythmia patients and 18 normal sinus rhythm subjects were analyzed. The results showed a lower LF/HF ratio in arrhythmia patients, with higher HF power in arrhythmia subjects and higher LF power in normal sinus rhythm subjects. The study suggests that the parasympathetic nervous system dominates the ANS in arrhythmia patients, while the sympathetic nervous system dominates in normal sinus rhythm patients.

Abstract:

In this paper, standard maintenance and simulated field actual temperature maintenance are carried out. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, axial tensile strength, elastic modulus and its growth rate were tested. It is found that temperature has a great influence on the mechanical properties of concrete. Among them, temperature has the greatest influence on splitting tensile strength. The numerical difference of this test is within the acceptable range. It shows that the research in the laboratory has a good reference significance for the actual situation in the field. Based on the N-S maturity formula, F-P equivalent age formula and D-L equivalent age formula proposed by maturity theory, the maturity indexes under two curing conditions are calculated. The development law between strength and maturity is studied by fitting logarithmic function, exponential function and hyperbolic function with fitting software. It is concluded that the strength of low heat Portland cement concrete increases with the increase of maturity under quasi environmental curing and standard curing. The fitting accuracy of hyperbolic function in F-P equivalent age and D-L equivalent age is the highest. XRD was used to analyse the phase of low heat cement. Hydration products and microstructure of low heat cement with 25 % fly ash were analysed by SEM. Energy spectrum analysis of element content. The results showed:The late low heat cement cementitious system has a certain amount of Ca(OH)2. Good compactness, Ensure the later strength development of concrete. It has micro-expansion effect, It has good effect on long-term crack resistance of hydraulic lining structure.

Abstract: The advent of Artificial Intelligence in the cockpit and the air traffic control centre in the coming decade could mark a step change improvement in aviation safety, or else could usher in a flush of ‘AI-induced’ accidents. Given that contemporary AI has well-known weaknesses, from data biases and edge or corner effects, to outright ‘hallucinations’, in the mid-term AI will almost certainly be partnered with human expertise, its outputs monitored and tempered by human judgement. This is already enshrined in the EU Act on AI, with adherence to principles of human agency and oversight required in safety-critical domains such as aviation. However, such sound policies and principles are unlikely to be enough. Human interactions with current automation, let alone future AI, already require extensive requirements, methods and validations to ensure a robust (accident-free) partnership. Since AI will inevitably push the boundaries of traditional human-automation interaction, there is a need to revisit Human Factors to meet the challenges of future human-AI interaction design. This paper briefly reviews the origins of AI and its current ‘landscape’, together with the evolution of Human Factors, to identify the critical areas where Human Factors can aid future human-AI system performance and safety. The result is a detailed requirements set organised into eight Human Factors areas, from Human-Centred Design to Organisational Readiness. The requirements set is scalable to different design maturity levels and different levels of AI autonomy. The application of the requirements is illustrated via a cockpit Human-AI Teaming use case.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present an approach to condition monitoring of actuated mechanical systems (e.g. machine tools) operating in a steady state regime. The signals generated by the sensors placed on a mechanical system (e.g. a lathe gearbox) operating in a steady state regime are mainly a sum of many periodic components with different amplitudes and frequencies, sometimes mixed with a considerable amount of noise. Each periodic component (consisting of a fundamental sine wave and some harmonics) usually characterizes the state of a rotating part (e.g. a shaft, a belt, a bearing, etc.). This paper proposes a simple pattern extraction (recognition) method to find the time-domain description for the significant periodic components within these signals. This method is based on the averaging of a number of periodically selected signal samples. It acts as a kind of numerical multiple narrow bands pass numerical filtering. Some results prove the availability of this method for condition monitoring, applied in this work on three different signals: the active electrical power absorbed by an asynchronous AC electric motor that acts a lathe headstock gearbox, vibration of this gearbox and instantaneous angular speed of the output spindle.

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive scoping review of the application of 3D digital technologies in the documentation, conservation, and management of historic gardens and related cultural heritage. By analyzing a curated selection of literature, the study assesses the current state of research, highlighting trends in publication, geographic distribution of contributors, and the key technologies employed. Using bibliometric methods and visualization tools, followed by case study review, the review identifies significant research hotspots, technical methodologies, particularly focusing on advanced techniques such as mobile laser scanning, UAV photogrammetry, point cloud processing, and their relationships with end users. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating multiple technologies to capture the diverse elements of historic gardens, including architectural features, vegetation, and topography. The review also underscores the significance of dynamic landscapes facing challenges posed by environmental degradation and urban development pressures. Moreover, it discusses the limitations of existing research and outlines future opportunities, such as the development of 4D documentation systems and the incorporation of AI for improving heritage management. The paper concludes by recommending interdisciplinary collaboration and public engagement to enhance the accessibility, understanding, and sustainable management of historic gardens through innovative technological applications.

Abstract: Modern manufacturing enterprises face many challenges that have to be overcome to keep the operation sustainable and effective. Among the key issues, one may mention the stiction of control valves that may cause inefficiency in process operations, increased energy consumption, and disturbed production stability. This article is devoted to exploring a sinusoidal compensation method in order to address stiction challenges. The proposed methodology will contribute to enhancing industrial process sustainability by reducing oscillatory behavior in manufacturing systems, hence assuring smooth operations with minimal environmental impact.

Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered as a primary choice for environmentally friendly transportation. Among the current available battery types, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the most favored by car companies. Li-ion batteries are rechargeable with high energy storage density and tend to generate excess heat during operation. In EVs, the batteries are arranged in the battery pack (BP), which has a small layout space and difficulty in dissipating heat. Therefore, in EVs, the battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) are critical to manage heat to ensure safety and performance, particularly under higher operating temperatures and longer discharge conditions. To solve this problem, in this article, the thermal analysis models of a 3-battery-cell BP were created, including natural air cooling without a BTMS, natural air cooling with water cooling hybrid BTMS, and forced air cooling plus water cooling composite BTMS. The thermal performances of the pack-level BPs were simulated and analyzed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A variety of boundary conditions and working parameters, such as ambient temperature, inlet coolant flowrate and initial temperature, discharge rate, air flowrate and initial temperature, were considered. The results show that without a BTMS, the temperature in the BP rises rapidly and continuously to above the recommended operating temperature range (ROTR) under the discharge rate of 2C or above. With a hybrid BTMS, the temperature in BP is slightly above the ROTR. While with a composite BTMS, the temperature is within the ROTR. In addition, lowering the initial coolant temperature or air temperature can effectively decrease the temperatures in BP. Finally, the thermal performances of the different battery cells in the BP with different cooling systems and at the different positions of the BP were compared and analyzed. The present work may contribute to the design of BTMSs in the EV industry.

Abstract: The construction industry faces increasing pressure to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. Promoting sustainable practices, such as using hot-rolled H-shapes and minimizing welding, can address these challenges. This study introduces Low-Carbon H-Shape Bolted-Composited Beams (HBCBs) as a sustainable alternative. Experimental and numerical investigations into the lateral-torsional buckling behavior of HBCBs demonstrated that high-strength bolts significantly enhance structural stability and capacity. A reliable simulation method was developed and validated based on experimental results. The study revealed that bolt spacing exceeding 1/15 of the beam span has negligible effects on load-bearing capacity, and HBCB performance reaches approximately 95% of plug-welded counterparts. Despite this, longitudinal slip reduction remains challenging, warranting further research to optimize performance.