Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, insulin dysfunction, and a substantial global health burden. Current pharmacological therapies often bring undesired side effects and limited long-term efficiency. These factors drive interest in the direction of preventive and complementary strategies. Plant-derived secondary metabolites – phenolics, alkaloids, terpenes, organosulfur compounds and polyacetylenes, demonstrate promising anti-diabetic activities. These compounds can modulate key molecular targets involved in glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, and development of oxidative stress, thereby improving glycemic control and reducing the risk of complications. Also, natural products can inhibit carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, enhance insulin secretion and sensitivity, regulate glucose transporters, and suppress pathways associated with inflammatory responses and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Many of them also demonstrate pronounced antioxidant and antiglycative properties with all accompanying features - metal-chelating effects, α-dicarbonyl trapping properties, and interference with the AGE-RAGE axis, collectively mitigating vascular damage and attenuating diabetic complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Recent studies highlight that certain plant metabolites can stabilize Nrf2, inhibit NF-κB activation, improve pancreatic β-cell function, and reduce protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. In this review we comprehensively address all this aspects with a special emphasis on the antiglycative properties as one of the central component of the overall anti-diabetic activity. Further, we discuss the further prospective in the biochemistry of plant-derived natural products in terms of antidiabetic, antiglycative and antioxidant agents. Although further research is needed to clarify their pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy in humans, the emerging evidence underscores the potential of plant secondary metabolites as natural, multifaceted agents for the prevention and management of diabetes and its associated complications.

Abstract: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a cornerstone technology in biomedical and computer sciences, extensively utilized for monitoring and analyzing brain activity. Brain signals are fundamental to understanding neurological abilities, disabilities, and cognitive processes, making their analysis critical for predicting and interpreting human behavior. Advancements in EEG technology have revolutionized the ability to decode brain waves, driving the rapid development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). These non-invasive systems facilitate direct interaction between humans and external devices by interpreting brain activity. Modern neurotechnology has expanded BCI applications far beyond traditional medical and clinical settings, influencing areas such as rehabilitation, education, and gaming. This systematic review examines EEG-based BCIs utilizing the motor imagery (MI) paradigm. A thorough literature search across multiple databases identified relevant publications from 2010 onward using terms like "BCI," "motor imagery," and "EEG." Out of 223 studies, 92 unique papers remained after removing duplicates. Following title and abstract screening, 96 studies focusing on BCI development were selected, excluding those limited to theoretical discussions of EEG.

Abstract: Background: This study assessed the effects of ceramic dental implant placement on inflamma-tory responses, immune function, and cellular aging in a 53-year-old female patient. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether minimally invasive implant procedures combined with regenerative techniques can influence biological aging and systemic inflammation. Methods: A comprehensive treatment approach was used, including minimally invasive ceramic dental im-plant placement, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) augmentation, and vitamin supplementation. Advanced imaging and biomarker analyses have evaluated implant osseointegration, inflammatory pro-files, immune responses, and telomere length as markers of cellular health and aging. Results: Successful implant osseointegration was observed along with a favorable inflammatory profile, as reflected by increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. An improvement in telo-mere length suggests potential benefits to cellular health. However, a slight increase in biological aging was observed, as indicated by the glycan profile. These findings underscore the complex interactions between oral health, systemic inflammation, and biological aging. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the regenerative and anti-aging potential of dental treatments, indicating that ceramic dental implants combined with regenerative therapies may reduce im-munological stress and support healthy aging. Although reduced inflammation and improved oral function are evident, the long-term effects on cellular aging and longevity remain unclear. Further studies are needed to better understand the impact of these interventions on biological aging and overall health.

Abstract: We know little about how parasitoids of herbivorous insects use herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to locate potential hosts on saplings in forests and how this depends on tree composition. Therefore, we performed an experiment in a forest in Poland where we placed pairs of oak saplings (Quercus robur or Q. petraea) in neighborhoods dominated by oak, beech, or pine trees. We treated one sapling in each pair with the phytohormone methyl jasmonate that triggers induced responses in plants. We measured the VOC emissions of thirty-six saplings and placed Malaise traps with five of the pairs. We counted the parasitoids in the ten Malaise samples and identified them using DNA metabarcoding. The two species of oak differed in both the proportions of VOCs and the specific VOCs that were elevated following the application of methyl jasmonate. We did not detect any overall effects of treatment on parasitoid abundance or community composition. However, some parasitoid species appeared to be attracted to elevated emissions of specific induced VOCs. Parasitoid communities differed significantly between sites and showed marginally significant differences between neighborhoods. Overall, our results suggest that parasitoids in the understory are affected by tree composition of the canopy, but the effects of VOC emissions were limited.

Abstract: Coronavirus (CoV) causes intestinal and respiratory diseases in birds, mammals, and humans. In dogs, CoV occurs in two main serotypes, namely, type I and type II, based on mutations and recombination in the spike protein. The pantropical strains are characterized as hypervirulent and multisystemic infections in dogs. Recent outbreaks of coronavirus infection among humans have attracted interest in animal CoV as a source of direct and indirect zoonoses. A literature search was conducted in research databases and open internet sources to analyze coronaviruses in dogs. A total of 189 sources were analyzed, with 142 published in the last decade. Canine coronavirus (CCoV) has undergone mutations and recombination over the past few decades, resulting in changes in tropism, virulence, and the formation of new divergent genetic lines. CCoV is a common component of the canine infectious respiratory disease complex and enteritis of all breeds and ages. CoV infection in pets raises concerns about spreading and transmitting the virus to people and other animals, posing risks to animal and public health. Understanding canine coronaviruses and genetic information sharing could improve prevention and control strategies for future zoonotic coronaviruses.

Abstract: In response to the significant waste of bioresources from passion fruit peels in the current market, aiming to enhance the economic benefits of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) derived from passion fruit peels in the food industry, this study extracted the SDF from passion fruit peels using six different methods and assessed how these methods affected its physicochemical properties. The results indicated that the acid-assisted extraction method (AAE-1) was the most effective at protein removal among the six methods, and the SDF derived from this method had the highest extraction yield (17.05%), cation exchange capacity (1.17 mL/g), total monosaccharide content (92.6620 µg/mg), xylose (3.2187 µg/mg), and mannose (3.7334 µg/mg). The SDF extracted by enzyme-assisted extraction method（EAE）showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging capacity (66.67%), reducing sugar content (5.71%), oil holding capacity (5.86 g/g), and glucose content (55.9662 µg/mg). The SDF extracted by alkali-assisted extraction method (AAE-2) provided the highest water holding capacity (7.82 g/g), solubility (4.24 mL/g), and rhamnose content (3.0854 µg/mg). The SDF extracted by microwave-assisted extraction method (MAE) possessed the highest total sugar content (20.15%), ABTS radical scavenging capacity (65.46%), ferric ion reducing capacity (58.83%), and galactose content (7.8912 µg/mg). The SDF extracted by hot water-assisted extraction method (HWE) of soluble fiber from passion fruit peels had the highest arabinose content (5.3775 µg/mg) and galacturonic acid content (35.6795 µg/mg), as well as the highest weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and number-average molecular weight (Mn). These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of passion fruit peels.

Abstract: Background: Pancreas disease (PD) is a serious disease in European salmonid aquaculture caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) of which six genotypes (SAV1-6) have been described. The use of inactivated virus- and DNA PD vaccines is common in marine salmonid aquaculture and have contributed to a reduction of the occurrence of disease, however, outbreaks are still frequent. Methods: In this study, we compared the long-term protection after immunization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with three different clones of attenuated infectious SAV3. The clones were made by site-directed mutagenesis targeting the glycoprotein E2 to disrupt viral attachment and/or nuclear localization signal (NLS) of the capsid protein to disrupt viral suppression of cellular nuclear-cytosol trafficking. The resulting clones (Clones 1-3) were evaluated after injection of Atlantic salmon for infection dynamics, genetic stability, transmission, and protection against a subsequent SAV3 challenge. Results: Attenuated clones demonstrated reduced virulence, as indicated by lower viral RNA loads, diminished transmission to cohabitant fish, and minimal clinical symptoms compared to the virulent wild-type virus. The clones mutated in both capsid and E2 exhibited the most attenuation observed as rapid clearing of the infection and showing little transmission, while the clone with glycoprotein E2 mutations displayed greater residual virulence but provided stronger protection seen as reduced viral loads upon subsequent challenge with SAV3. Despite their attenuation, all viral clones caused significant reductions in weight gain. Conclusions: Despite promising attenuation and protection, the study highlights the trade-offs between virulence and immunogenicity in live vaccine design. Concerns over environmental risks, such as shedding of genetically modified virus necessitate further evaluation. Future efforts should optimize vaccine candidates to balance attenuation, immunogenicity, and minimal side effects.

Abstract: Microalgae produce renewable biomass at a high efficiency by using photosynthesis to capture the greenhouse gas CO2 from the atmosphere and by releasing O2. Chlorella vulgaris is one of the most frequently cultivated unicellular green microalga of commercial relevance. Some recent studies remarkably indicate that these microalgae can be a source of both cellulose and chitin biopolymers. Biomaterials produced with these polymers have useful mechanical properties. They are biocompatible, biodegradable and they are regarded as sustainable alternatives to replace fossil-based bioplastics for many applications. However, selective and environmentally friendly processes for the effective co-purification of both polymers from microalgae are not yet available. Here, we present a green biorefinery approach that allowed on one hand the co-extraction of chitin and cellulose. On the other hand, our method enabled to co-purify lipids, pigments and proteins together with the biopolymers to make the whole procedure economically more viable. Finally, our greener fractionation and purification process was shown to reach efficiencies comparable to conventional more toxic solvent extractions.

Abstract: As one of the most important food crops in the world, the quality assurance of corn seeds is of utmost significance in all stages of production, storage, circulation and breeding. However, the traditional detection method has some disadvantages, such as high labor intensity, strong subjectivity, low efficiency, cumbersome operation, high cost and possibly harmful to human health. In view of this, it is of great significance to study more advanced detection methods. In this paper, the application of near infrared spectroscopy and its imaging technology in the quality detection of corn seeds was reviewed. Firstly, the principles of these two technologies were introduced, and their components, data acquisition and processing methods, as well as portability were compared and discussed. Then, the application of these methods to the main quality of corn seeds (including variety and purity, vigor, internal components, mycotoxins and other qualities such as frost damage, hardness and maturity, etc.) was reviewed. The significance of corn quality characteristics and the function of the applied algorithm were emphasized.. Finally, the future research direction of spectral and its imaging technology was proposed, aiming to further enhance the accuracy, reliability, and practicability of the detection technology, provide valuable reference information for researchers, and contribute to global food security and sustainable agricultural development.

Abstract: Amphibians use their skin as an efficient defense mechanism against predators and microorganisms. Within specialized glands, they produce antimicrobial peptides endowed with antioxidant properties that have demonstrated efficacy in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. These peptides are considered promising candidates for treating diseases related to oxidative stress (OS). Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), along with age-related conditions like cardiovascular diseases and cancer, have been connected to redox imbalance and the associated ROS. This review explores the characteristics of antioxidant peptides (AOP) identified in amphibians, elucidates their mechanisms of action against molecular targets involved in the diseases above, and provides insights into future prospects.