Abstract: Reduction malarplasty (RMP) is performed frequently in East Asia. Although various complications of RMP have been reported, intracranial hemorrhage has been described only rarely. Although intracranial hemorrhage is an extremely rare complication, it is a catastrophic event that should not occur in aesthetic plastic surgery. In this review, I de-scribe the occurrence and prevention of this serious complication through a detailed analysis of intracranial hemorrhage following RMP. The two major surgical approaches to RMP are the coronal and intraoral incisions. In the coronal approach, osteotomy is per-formed under direct visualization, which allows precise bone cutting. There is no risk of penetrating the intracranial cavity during RMP performed via the coronal approach. Two reported cases of intracranial hemorrhage occurred during RMP performed via the intraoral approach due to inappropriate instrument handling. There is a potential risk of injury to the middle cranial fossa by a reciprocating saw or chisel during osteotomy of the zygomatic body. When performing an osteotomy on a zygomatic body using a reciprocat-ing saw in RMP via the intraoral approach, surgeons should avoid inserting the saw too deeply to prevent injury to the middle cranial fossa.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: While there is an existing body of quantitative data, further qualitative research is needed to explore bereaved mothers’ living experiences in specific sociocultural contexts, especially in Southern Europe and Eastern Mediterranean. Given the persistent stigma surrounding suicide in these societies, and the fact that previous research has often overlooked women’s perspectives in favor of broader samples of bereaved parents, we explored the needs of Greek-speaking suicide-bereaved mothers in the Republic of Cyprus, and the difficulties they face in accessing formal support. Methods: Inductive, secondary content analysis of qualitative data collected through personal interviews with ten mothers was employed. Results: Participants’ needs centered on a “persistent effort for protection,” encompassing three interconnected domains: (1) shielding themselves from stigma, social judgment, and emotional disintegration; (2) safeguarding the psychological well-being and cohesion of surviving family members; and (3) preserving the posthumous dignity and memory of their deceased child. Rather than seeking formal support, participants overwhelmingly avoided mental health services, citing a lack of empathy, cultural misunderstanding, and fear of further stigmatization. Mental health professionals were often perceived as inadequate or even harmful, undermining participants’ need towards protective attitudes, self-reliance and self-respect during bereavement. These responses reflected how stigma and gendered social expectations surrounding suicide shaped participating bereaved mothers’ disengagement from healthcare system, despite their intense psychological needs. Conclusions: These findings underscored how gendered social expectations, combined with the stigma surrounding suicide, created significant psychosocial barriers to mental health care for women navigating traumatic grief, particularly in sociocultural contexts where suicide remains highly stigmatized.

Abstract: Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are still treated predominantly through broad or targeted suppression of inflammatory pathways, yet durable restoration of self-tolerance remains a central unmet therapeutic goal. This narrative review examines restoration of immune tolerance as an emerging translational framework in rheumatology, integrating checkpoint agonism, antigen-specific immunotherapy, regulatory cell-based strategies, and immune-reset approaches within a unified therapeutic perspective. Rather than treating these strategies as isolated innovations, the review evaluates how each attempts to restore, reinforce, or reconfigure immune restraint at distinct biological levels, spanning inhibitory receptor signaling, antigen-selective non-responsiveness, dominant regulatory control, and deeper reconfiguration of pathogenic immune architecture. Their relevance is considered across rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s disease, and systemic sclerosis, with emphasis on mechanistic rationale, translational maturity, disease-specific therapeutic fit, biomarkers, therapeutic timing, and major barriers to clinical implementation. Collectively, these approaches suggest a shift in rheumatology from repeated control of inflammatory consequences toward more selective and potentially durable recalibration of autoreactive immunity. Although the field remains biologically and clinically immature, restoration of immune tolerance is emerging as an important organizing principle for the development of more precise and potentially disease-modifying therapies in autoimmune rheumatic disease.

Abstract: In the single-depot multi-traveling salesman problem, traditional depot location methods often overlook task balance among traveling salesmen, leading to excessive load on certain units and compromising overall operational efficiency. To address this issue, this paper proposes an optimized depot location method based on clustering and multi-task balancing. The core contribution lies in the design of a multi-weight adaptive depot optimization method. This approach clusters city nodes into multiple groups through cluster analysis and dynamically synthesizes direction vectors using information such as the number of samples within each cluster and the convex perimeter. It iteratively optimizes depot locations, minimizing the total path length while enhancing load balance across all traveling salesman routes. Additionally, a “divide-and-conquer” strategy decomposes the complex MTSP into multiple parallel TSP subproblems, which are then efficiently solved using Or-Tools. A comprehensive evaluation framework is introduced, incorporating Total-Sum distance, Min-Max distance, Distance-balancedness, Cluster separability, Robustness, and Running time. Experimental results on the TSPLIB standard dataset demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits significant advantages over various traditional clustering algorithms in both route optimization and route balancing, validating its effectiveness and practicality. The method's robust performance provides a reliable solution for real-world applications such as logistics distribution, further highlighting its practical value.

Abstract: Conventional push-out tests detect bone–implant failure only at the point of macroscopic instability, leaving earlier damage stages unresolved. Here we present a proof-of-concept for a push-out test stand combined with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, aimed at cap-turing crack initiation before macroscopic load drop. To provide a controlled failure pro-cess, samples were fabricated from SLA resin with defined breaking points, serving as mechanical surrogates rather than biological models. Four sample types with varying strut number and thickness were tested while recording AE, and post-processing was applied to remove friction and noise signals. A four-stage fracture model, plastic, pre-fracture, fracture, and post-fracture, was defined, with the pre-fracture stage showing AE activity prior to any macroscopic load response. Increasing strut thickness and contact area raised maximum load resistance and AE activity, and Principal Component Analysis confirmed a progressive, intensity-driven separation of stages. The results demonstrate that AE mon-itoring resolves a pre-fracture regime inaccessible to conventional load measurement, es-tablishing a methodological basis for future application to bone-implant samples.

Abstract: Professional UAV thermal imaging systems are widely used for inspection, monitoring, and emergency applications, but their cost limits their use in educational, preliminary, and low-resource scenarios. This study evaluates a low-cost indirect UAV thermal sensing workflow based on a DJI Mini 4K consumer drone, a Servo King900 smartphone, and a UTi260M smartphone-connected infrared camera. The smartphone displayed and recorded the thermal stream, while the UAV onboard RGB camera recorded the smartphone-displayed infrared video during flight. The system was tested under no-payload and payload conditions, daylight and nighttime illumination, and several low-altitude operating heights. Motor temperatures were additionally inspected using a UTi260T thermal camera. The complete UAV–payload configuration had a measured mass of approximately 340 g, corresponding to an effective payload of 91 g and a payload-to-UAV mass ratio of 36.5%. Payload operation reduced flight endurance from approximately 25 min to 14 min 40 s and produced increased and asymmetric motor heating. Nighttime operation provided better display readability than daylight operation, with the best usability observed at approximately 5–15 m. The proposed workflow is feasible for short-range preliminary thermal screening, but it is limited by payload mass, suspended-load oscillation, display readability, endurance reduction, motor loading, and the absence of raw radiometric data.

Abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors comprising three isoforms, PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ, that regulate hepatic lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, inflammation, bile acid synthesis, and fibrogenesis. Because liver diseases involve overlapping metabolic, inflammatory, cholestatic, and fibrotic pathways, PPAR agonists have emerged as a versatile therapeutic class across a spectrum of hepatic conditions. PPARα agonists (e.g., fenofibrate) promote fatty acid β-oxidation and suppress de novo lipogenesis; PPARγ agonists (e.g., pioglitazone) improve insulin sensitivity and exert anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects; and PPARδ agonists (e.g., seladelpar) regulate bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. Dual agonists (elafibranor [PPARα/δ], saroglitazar [PPARα/γ]) and pan-PPAR agonists (lanifibranor [PPARα/γ/δ], bezafibrate) aim to simultaneously address multiple pathogenic mechanisms. In primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), elafibranor and seladelpar received accelerated FDA approval in 2024 based on phase 3 trials (ELATIVE and RESPONSE, respectively) demonstrating significant biochemical response rates of 51% and 62% versus 4% and 20% with placebo. Bezafibrate has shown survival benefit in large retrospective analyses and is used as second-line therapy in Europe and Japan. In metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), pioglitazone remains the most extensively studied PPAR agonist, with meta-analytic evidence supporting MASH resolution and fibrosis reduction regardless of diabetes status. Lanifibranor demonstrated histological improvement in the phase 2b NATIVE trial and is currently in phase 3 development (NATiV3). Elafibranor, however, failed to meet its primary endpoint in the phase 3 RESOLVE-IT trial for MASH, suggesting that the benefit of pan-PPAR agonism in MASH may derive primarily from the PPARγ component. In alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), preclinical models have demonstrated that both elafibranor and PPARα agonists attenuate steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, though no completed human clinical trials exist. Evidence for PPAR agonists in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) remains limited to open-label studies and a single randomized trial of bezafibrate for cholestatic pruritus. SEFA-6179, a structurally engineered medium-chain fatty acid analogue acting through GPR84, PPARα, and PPARγ, has shown promise in preclinical models of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) and is entering phase II clinical development. This narrative review synthesizes the molecular pharmacology of PPAR isoforms, the available clinical and preclinical evidence for mono-, dual-, and pan-PPAR agonists, and their therapeutic applications across MASLD/MASH, ALD, PBC, PSC, IFALD, and advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD). The evolution from single isoform to multi-isoform PPAR agonism reflects the recognition that overlapping pathogenic mechanisms in liver diseases may require broader receptor coverage for optimal therapeutic efficacy.

Abstract: Background: I chronicle a new, unique paradigm shift at the intersection of human creativity and generative artificial intelligence. Following my retirement, I engaged the large language model Google Gemini as a digital co-pilot for my administrative and scientific activities. Case Study: What began as a tool for basic text formatting rapidly evolved into a sophisticated, synergistic collaboration, culminating in the co-authorship of a scientific manuscript in the field of “cultural musicology”, an entirely new field of investigation for this author. AI Advantages: Based on my experience, I explore the profound structural advantages of AI assistants over human counterparts, emphasizing twenty-four-hour availability, near-instantaneous manuscript synthesis, and rapid drafting capabilities. Systemic Risks: I present a stark, cautionary analysis regarding the inevitable proliferation of autonomous, potentially malicious digital entities. I foresee an imminent epidemic of scientific paper retractions driven by unverified or intentionally corrupted data, raising the dystopian prospect of an algorithmic enforcement class or digital containment firewalls. Conclusions: AI is here to stay, and hopefully, its strict regulation that is already in place will avoid or minimize the undesirable serious consequences in science and other fields.

Abstract: Manual Pap smear analysis for cervical cancer screening is limited by inter-observer variability, time constraints, and restricted expert availability. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have automated cervical cell classification, they remain limited in modeling long-range spatial dependencies and often lack clinical interpretability. In this study, Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures were systematically optimized to enhance automated cervical cancer screening, which resulted in improved interpretability. The Herlev dataset (917 images: 242 normal, 675 abnormal) was utilized to optimize ViT-Tiny, a lightweight Vision Transformer architecture designed for reduced computational complexity, through a comprehensive evaluation of augmentation strategies, class weighting, and hyperparameters. The optimal configuration achieved a cross-validation accuracy of approximately 95% (95.15% for the best replicated configuration), in which random horizontal flipping and class weighting (0.7 × 1.3) were identified as most effective. Gradient weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad CAM) analysis confirmed that model attention corresponded to clinically relevant morphological features, which include nuclear regions, cell boundaries, and chromatin texture, which align with cytopathological criteria. These findings indicate that Vision Transformers can deliver accurate and interpretable decision support for cervical cancer screening, and that they combine competitive classification performance with the attention-based transparency relevant to medical AI. Further validation on larger, multi-center datasets remains necessary before clinical deployment.

Abstract: To investigate the critical extinction criterion for fire extinguishment through acoustic oscillation and achieve the transition from empirical qualitative studies to quantitative precision applications in acoustic fire extinguishment, this study conducts systematic extension research on the threefold limitations of the flame–fuel cycle model by Friedman, A. N.—namely, its restriction to liquid fuels, neglect of Prandtl number variations, and undefined frequency applicability boundaries. By modifying the Quintiere–Spalding B-number model for gaseous fuels and premixed combustion, and introducing flame geometric characteristic terms and combustion type correction terms, a generalized acoustic extinction criterion model applicable to gaseous fuels is established, breaking through the severe limitation that the original theory was only applicable to liquid fuels with similar Prandtl numbers. Through logarithmic fitting of methane, propane, and butane diffusion flames, the flame height term exponent is quantitatively determined as α = 0.6868; for methane and propane gas premixed flames at an equivalence ratio ϕ ≈ 1, the flame type terms are determined as kM = 3.7975 and kP = 2.8123, respectively, and the Prandtl number exponent term as δ = 4.4356, ultimately yielding the critical extinction criterion for gaseous fuel flames as Θ′A = 0.0817. The study further reveals the phenomena of flame necking and fracture under acoustic field interference, providing independent morphological corroboration for the physical validity of this extinction criterion. Of particular importance, this research discovers, for the first time through broadband experiments, the anomalous increase in the critical particle velocity for acoustic fire extinguishment in the relatively high-frequency band above 90 Hz, experimentally defining the upper frequency limit for the applicability of the linearized equivalent dominant model of acoustic fire extinguishment and revealing the mechanism transition caused by nonlinear acoustic streaming contributions above this frequency. This study provides theoretical support for the engineering application of acoustic fire extinguishment technology, equipment frequency selection, and in-depth exploration of the mechanism of sound-induced flame extinction.

Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now being introduced into perioperative treatment for several solid tumors. This strategy is usually explained by tumor reduction before surgery or by the elimination of minimal residual disease (MRD) after surgery. However, these explanations may not be sufficient to understand why the timing of ICI treatment, especially before lymph node (LN) removal, is important. In this review, we discuss tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs) from two different aspects. tdLNs are anatomical routes for regional and distant metastasis, but they are also sites where tumor antigens are presented and tumor-specific T cell responses are generated. In particular, tdLNs may maintain stem-like or progenitor-exhausted CD8⁺ T cells, which can respond to PD-1 blockade and give rise to more differentiated exhausted T cells in the tumor. From this viewpoint, neoadjuvant ICI may be effective because the primary tumor, antigen flow, dendritic cell migration, and tdLN-based T cell priming are preserved. We also discuss the possible role of adjuvant ICI in controlling MRD, micrometastases, and metastatic-site draining LNs, and consider future implications for LN surgery and postoperative immune surveillance.

Abstract: Understanding how land-use change affects habitat fragmentation and connectivity is essential for assessing landscape degradation and conservation effectiveness in tropical protected areas. This study investigated long-term landscape dynamics, forest fragmentation, and structural connectivity in the Bena Mulumbu Hunting Domain, a Category VI protected area located in the miombo woodland region of southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Landsat imagery acquired in 1995, 2005, 2015, and 2025 was classified using the Random Forest algorithm to quantify land-cover changes over a 30-year period. Landscape composition was assessed using land-cover proportions (PLAND), Shannon diversity metrics, and transition analyses, while fragmentation and structural connectivity of miombo woodland were evaluated along an edge-to-core gradient (0–2 km, 2–4 km, 4–6 km, and >6 km) using landscape metrics. Results showed that savanna remained the dominant land-cover type throughout the study period. However, the landscape underwent progressive reorganization characterized by recurrent transitions among miombo woodland, savanna, and agricultural land, leading to increased spatial heterogeneity. Fragmentation analyses revealed significant differences among spatial gradients for the number of forest patches (p = 0.022) and total core area (p < 0.001), indicating a gradual reduction of interior forest habitat. Despite increasing fragmentation, structural connectivity remained relatively high across the protected area. The CONNECT index increased significantly from the edge toward the core zone (p < 0.001), highlighting better-connected forest networks in interior sectors. These findings suggest that the Bena Mulumbu Hunting Domain is experiencing an intermediate stage of landscape transformation, where forest fragmentation is evident but has not yet resulted in widespread connectivity loss. Maintaining existing forest cores and connectivity corridors should therefore be prioritized to prevent further degradation of ecological integrity.

Abstract: The Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis) is one of the most frequently admitted seabirds to wildlife rehabilitation centers in the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions. Despite its clinical relevance, detailed computed tomographic references of the coelomic cavity are lacking. The aim of this study was to describe the normal cross-sectional anatomy and computed tomographic appearance of the coelomic cavity in this species and to develop an anatomical atlas to facilitate diagnostic image interpretation. Eight adult Yellow-legged Gull carcasses were examined. Six specimens underwent computed tomography using a 16-slice helical scanner, followed by frozen transverse sectioning, while two specimens were dissected to provide detailed anatomical correlation. CT datasets were evaluated using bone, soft tissue, and pulmonary window settings, and three-dimensional volume-rendered reconstructions were generated. Anatomical dissections, cross-sectional slices, and CT images enabled identification and characterization of the principal structures of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems, as well as their spatial relationships within the coelomic cavity. The combined evaluation of gross anatomy and CT imaging allowed accurate recognition of major organs, air sacs, large vessels, and skeletal landmarks throughout the examined sections. The atlas provides a comprehensive reference for normal coelomic anatomy in L. michahellis and establishes a baseline for the interpretation of CT examinations in clinical, rehabilitation, and research settings. These findings may improve diagnostic accuracy and support future investigations of coelomic disorders in this species.

Abstract: This study successfully fabricated a graphene nanoplatelets-polythiophene (GNP-PTh) nanocomposites containing varying graphene concentrations (10-50 wt.%) through oxidative polymerization technique. The resulting nanocomposites revealed effective degradation of bromophenol blue and anticancer activity against U-87 glioma cells. The nanomaterials were characterized using FTIR and SEM that confirmed the integration of graphene nanoplatelets within the polythiophene matrix. UV-Vis spectroscopy and Tauc plot measurements reported the improved optical behavior and gradual decrease in band gap energy from 2.28 eV for pure PTh to 1.76 eV for GNP-PTh(50), representing better electronic connection and charge carrier transfer characteristics. The photocatalytic degradation of the synthesized nanocomposites was systematically assessed under different pH (5, 7 & 11) and temperature conditions (25-70 °C). The effects of pH and temperature exposed that alkaline conditions and optimized temperature favorably enhances the photocatalytic degradation kinetics and decrease the activation energy. In addition to wastewater treatment, the prepared nanocomposites explored remarkable concentration-dependent anticancer action against U-87 glioma cells. The GNP-PTh(50) showed considerably lesser IC₅₀ values and higher cytotoxic effects compared to pure PTh NPs. Conclusively, the synergistic effects of GNPs with PTh improved the structural, optical, photocatalytic, and biomedical features of the nanocomposites. These findings highlighted the potential of GNP-PTh nanocomposites, explicitly GNP-PTh(50), as a promising multifunctional nanomaterials for wastewater remediation and anticancer effects.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Prior U.S. surveillance studies reported modest pulmonary hypertension mortality declines through 2020, but contemporary trends incorporating expanded combination therapy and novel therapeutics remain uncharacterized. This study analyzed primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) mortality trends and demographic disparities from 2018 to 2024. Methods: A retrospective, population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the CDC WONDER Underlying Cause of Death database (2018–2024, Single Race series). Deaths with ICD-10 code I27.0 as the underlying cause were identified. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were standardized to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Deaths were stratified by sex, race, calendar year, and U.S. Census Region. Mortality rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using exact Poisson methods. Results: From 2018 to 2024, 1,831 deaths were attributed to PPH. Annual deaths declined from 344 to 199, a 42.2% reduction, with the AAMR decreasing from 0.10 to 0.06 per 100,000 (estimated compound annual rate of change, 9.3%). Women accounted for 69.5% of deaths (female-to-male AAMR ratio, 2:1). Black individuals had the highest AAMR (0.10 vs. 0.06 per 100,000 for White individuals; Black-to-White ratio, 1.67:1). The South bore the highest burden (43.1% of deaths; crude rate, 0.09 per 100,000) while the Northeast had the lowest (12.3%; crude rate, 0.06 per 100,000). Conclusions: PPH mortality declined substantially from 2018 to 2024, coinciding with increased adoption of combination therapy and the introduction of sotatercept. Persistent disparities by sex, race, and geography suggest therapeutic advances may not be reaching all populations equitably, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to improve access to PAH-specific therapies.

Abstract: Fruit color, a key quality trait in apples, is primarily determined by anthocyanin and carotenoid accumulation. Although the regulation of pigmentation in red-skinned apples has been extensively investigated, comparative information regarding pigment dynamics in red-fleshed cultivars during fruit development remains limited. In this study, two red-fleshed apple cultivars, ‘Okanagan’ and ‘Pink Wood,’ were examined at five developmental stages: 30, 60, 90, 120 days after full bloom (DAFB), and at harvest (135 DAFB) to evaluate changes in peel and flesh coloration, pigment accumulation, and expression of genes associated with anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis. Both cultivars exhibited peak peel redness during early fruit development. The peel anthocyanin concentration was highest at 30 DAFB. Anthocyanin accumulation in flesh tissues was comparatively low but increased slightly during later stages. Transcripts of anthocyanin pathway genes and the regulatory transcription factor MdMYB10 were abundant in peel tissues during the early stages. Strong positive correlations were observed between anthocyanin-associated gene expression, peel and flesh redness (a*), and anthocyanin concentration. ‘Pink Wood’ exhibited stronger red pigmentation in flesh tissues at harvest. These findings provide comparative insights into the cultivar-dependent mechanisms regulating fruit coloration in red-fleshed apples, and may support breeding strategies targeting enhanced visual and nutritional quality.

Abstract: Our earlier X-ray and neutron scattering data on TiO₂-P₂O₅ glasses with minor Al₂O₃ impurities are re-examined with some modification. Then, it is compared with recent results. There, it is reported that triply coordinated oxygens in the TiO₆ octahedra cause unusual distortions. Here, these effects are discussed more thoroughly. Triply coordinated oxygens enforce short cation-cation distances. The associated repulsions drive distortions, which are facilitated by the second-order Jahn-Teller effect of the d⁰ transition element Ti⁴⁺. The Ti⁴⁺ cations shift away from their octahedral centers. It is compared with GeO₂-P₂O₅ glasses. The size of Ge is similar to that of Ti, but a GeO₆ unit does not suffer distortions. According to these specifics, different ranges of glass formation are observed.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Registered nurse (RN) prescribing can improve timely access to care, but only when the education, authorization process, and workplace supports match the clinical responsibility being given to the nurse. This policy and practice analysis compares Alberta, Canada, with Aotearoa New Zealand, with particular attention to New Zealand registered nurse prescribers in primary health and specialty teams and to RN prescribing as a possible bridge to nurse practitioner (NP) readiness. Methods: We reviewed publicly available legislation, regulator standards, educational frameworks, professional guidance, and institutional information from Alberta/Canada and Aotearoa New Zealand. We also use the publicly described Cranston Ridge Medical Clinic RN Prescriber Internship as an illustrative family-medicine model. No patient, staff, trainee, or private programme data were collected. Results: Alberta permits eligible RNs, when authorized by the College of Registered Nurses of Alberta, to prescribe Schedule 1 drugs, except controlled drugs and substances, and to order common diagnostic tests within a specific practice setting and location. New Zealand uses a postgraduate, practicum-based designated-prescriber pathway for registered nurse prescribers in primary health and specialty teams, with ongoing requirements for prescribing-related professional development and prescribing practice. New Zealand also embeds registered nurse prescribing programme outcomes within NP education standards. Conclusions: Alberta appears to have an enabling legal architecture, but current implementation is site-specific and not formally linked to NP education. We propose a hybrid Alberta-New Zealand-CRMC model built around portable regulator-recognised RN-prescriber authorization, postgraduate prescribing sciences, supervised family-medicine entrustment, employer onboarding, and formal bridging into NP education. The model is presented for policy debate and future evaluation, not as an already tested outcome intervention.

Abstract: Bats are important reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens and valuable models for studying antiviral tolerance and neuroinflammation within a One Health framework. However, chiropteran neural 2D-in vitro models remain limited. Here, we established and characterized the first chiropteran primary (CpBCs) and immortalized (CiBCs) cell lines from Hypsugo savii species. To overcome the limited lifespan of CpBCs, immor-talization strategies based on human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen were evaluated. Electroporation-mediated transfection with SV40 successfully generated CiBCs, whereas liposome-mediated and TERT-based approaches were unsuccessful. RNA sequencing revealed marked tran-scriptional changes comparing CiBCs with CpCBs, such as upregulation of pathways related to cell cycle progression, DNA replication, and proliferation in CiBCs, together with downregulation of apoptosis, inflammatory signaling, and immune-related pathways. Immortalized cells also exhibited enrichment of neural stem cell–like and cancer-associated signatures, suggesting partial dedifferentiation induced by SV40-mediated immortalization. Overall, this study provides a novel chiropteran brain-derived 2D-in vitro platform for investigating bat neurobiology, host–pathogen interactions, viral tolerance, and neurotropic infectious diseases relevant to emerging zoonoses.

Abstract: Optical spectroscopy provides several useful information about polymeric ultrathin films by combining interferometric and optical absorption data contained in the UV-Vis-NIR spectra. In particular, the UV-Vis-NIR spectrum of an ultrathin polymeric film contains information about the film thickness, structural disorder, bandgap energy, type of electron transition model (direct/indirect, allowed/forbidden), cutoff wavelength (i.e., the opaque/transparent switching wavelength), etc. Here, these properties have been determined for a model semi-crystalline polymer (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) in form of ultrathin film before and after a mild mechanical deformation treatment (manual stretching). It has been found that E_U and E_g parameters are not strictly depending on mechanical deformation due to their main dependence on chemical composition/constitution of the polymer; consequently E_g can be used for polymer identification in the case it has a dielectric nature.