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Enrique Castro-Camus, Jan Ornik, Cornelius Mach, Goretti Hernandez-Cardoso, Bhushan Savalia, Jochen Taiber, Armando Ruiz-Marquez, Karl Kesper, Srumika Konde, Caroline Sommer, Julian Wiener, David Geisel, Franziska Hüppe, Gunter Kräling, Peter Mross, Johnny Nguyen, Thomas Wiesmann, Björn Beutel, Martin Koch

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: Mechanical ventilators; covid-19; simple

Online: 4 September 2020 (12:32:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0349.v1

Force Prevalence Analysis

Alex Schaller

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Field, gravitation, electricity, unification, force, theory.

Online: 29 May 2019 (11:14:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0258.v2

Revisiting the Derivation of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle: The Collapse of Uncertainty at the Planck Scale

Espen Haug

Subject: Physical Sciences, Thermodynamics Keywords: Heisenberg's uncertainty principle; certainty; wave function; Planck scale; Planck mass; Planck particle; Bell's Inequality; superposition; entropy; Compton clock

Online: 5 September 2018 (09:34:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0095.v1

Comparison of Aerodynamics Characteristics of NACA 0015 & NACA 4415

Robiul Islam Rubel, Md. K. Uddin, Md. Zahidul Islam, Md. Rokunuzzaman

Subject: Physical Sciences, Fluids And Plasmas Physics Keywords: aerofoil; CFD; lift and drag force; pressure and velocity contour

Online: 22 October 2016 (11:08:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0726.v1

Big Bang Process, Magnetic Monopoles and Super Unification Theory of All Forces Using the GEM Wave

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Big bang; Super unification theory; 4-D Euclidean space; CPT symmetric universe; Origins of the energy (mass); charge and time; Magnetic monopoles

Online: 31 August 2020 (16:28:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0392.v1

Origins of the Time, Mass, Energy, Wave Function, Electric Charges, and Magnetic Monopoles

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Quantized magnetic monopoles; origins of the physical constants; Photon space fluctuations; 3-D quantized space model; 4-D Euclidean space

Online: 17 February 2021 (13:07:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0097.v1

Possible Unification of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity Theory Based on the Three-Dimensional Quantized Spaces

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Quantum mechanics; General and special relativity theories; Origins of the energy and mass; Space-time volume and distance; Origin of quantum wave function; Three-dimensional quantized spaces; Quantum entanglement; Space-time curvatures and quantum metrics

Online: 5 September 2018 (12:40:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0391.v2

Origins of Stellar Mass Neutron Black Holes, Supermassive Dark Matter Black Holes and Universe Evolution

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Neutron black holes; dark matter black holes; black hole mass gap; universe evolution

Online: 18 March 2021 (10:52:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1872.v5

Alena Tensor and Its Possible Applications in Unification Theories

Piotr Ogonowski, Piotr Skindzier

Subject: Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics Keywords: unification of interactions; general relativity; quantum field theory; quantum mechanics

Online: 11 April 2024 (15:25:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0395.v2

Asymptotic Freedom, Quark Confinement, Proton Spin Crisis, Neutron Structure, Dark Matters, and Relative force strengths

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Quark confinement; Asymptotic freedom; Relative force strength; Dark matters; Proton crisis; Deep inelastic scattering; Neutron structure; Two lepton system

Online: 13 October 2021 (10:31:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0001.v1

Polarity Free Magnetic Repulsion and Magnetic Bound State

Hamdi Ucar

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: magnetic bound state; magnetic levitation; polarity free repulsion; magnetic trapping

Online: 1 September 2020 (03:01:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0396.v1

Finding the Planck Length Independent of Newton's Gravitational Constant and the Planck Constant: The Compton Clock Model of Matter

Espen Haug

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: planck length; planck constant; newton's gravitational constant; compton frequency; schwarzschild radius

Online: 20 September 2018 (05:01:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0431.v1

Dark Energy of the Photon Space, Inflation of the Charged Black Holes and Universe Evolution

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Dark energy; Photon flat space; Charged black holes; Big bang and inflation; Universe evolution; Vacuum energy crisis; Hubble’s constant puzzle; 4-D Euclidean space

Online: 23 November 2021 (15:04:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0314.v1

Quantitative Mereology: An Essay to Derive Physics Laws from a Philosophical Concept

Georg J. Schmitz

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: entropy; Boltzmann statistics; Lorentz-factor; mereology; analytical philosophy; conservation laws; vacuum energy; cosmologic constant problem; invariance; hypercomplex numbers; Octonions; energy-mass equivalence; Ur-Alternatives; mereotopology; mereophysics

Online: 28 July 2019 (14:39:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0340.v2

Spin g Factors and Neutrino Magnetic Moment of Elementary Fermions

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Anomalous spin g factor; Lepton charge (LC); Neutrino magnetic moment; Weak force decay; EC and LC partial masses; Three-dimensional quantized space model (TQSM)

Online: 1 March 2022 (11:25:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0180.v2

Experimental and Theoretical Realization of Zenneck Wave-based Non-Radiative, Non-Coupled Wireless Power Transmission

Sai Kiran Oruganti, Jagannath Malik, Jongwon Lee, Woojin Park, Bonyoung Lee, Seoktae Seo, Dipra Paul, Haksun Kim, Thomas Thundat, Franklin Bien

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: Zenneck waves; wireless power transfer; power; internet of things; electromagnetic shielding

Online: 7 May 2019 (10:06:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0022.v8

The Geometrization of Maxwell’s Equations and the Emergence of Gravity and Antimatter

Raymond Beach

Subject: Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics Keywords: Maxwell’ s Equations, Electromagnetism, General Relativity, Gravity, Antimatter

Online: 12 January 2024 (09:54:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0136.v1

A Combined Entropy/Phase-Field Approach to Gravity

Georg J. Schmitz

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: entropic gravity; Lagrange formalism; phase-field models; gradient-entropy; constraints; maximum entropy principle; curvature of space; conservation laws; Modified Newtonian Dynamics; MOND

Online: 17 March 2017 (05:16:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0026.v1

Physical Properties of Elementary Particles, Photon Space and Quantum Wave Functions

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Tc symmetry; CTP symmetry; Photon space; Elementary particles; Quantum wave functions; Modified Lorenz transformations; Left-handed neutrinos; Right-handed dark matters

Online: 1 March 2022 (15:01:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0586.v1

New Results in Quantum Thermodynamics

Spiros Koutandos

Subject: Physical Sciences, Acoustics Keywords: quantum thermodynamics; hidden variables; superconductivity

Online: 24 May 2021 (16:18:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201605.0002.v1

Thermodynamic and Theoretical Studies of the Imide Derivatives

Ahmed Al-Amiery, Hasan R. Obayes, Mohammed S. Ali, Ghadah H. Alwan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Thermodynamics Keywords: imide, DFT, HOMO, spontaneous, endothermic

Online: 11 May 2016 (07:42:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0044.v1

MWL Picture Of The Blazar S5 0716+714 During Its Brightest Outburst

Marina Manganaro, Giovanna Pedaletti, Marlene Doert, Denis Bastieri, Vandad Fallah Ramazani, Dario Gasparrini, Elina Lindfors, Benoit Lott, Mireia Nievas, Bindu Rani, Emmanouil Angelakis, George Borman, Mark Gurwell, Talvikki Hovatta, Ryosuke Itoh, Svetlana Jorstad, Alex Kraus, Thomas P Krichbaum, Paul Kuin, Anne Lahteenmaki, Valeri Larionov, Amy Yarleen Lien, Ioannis Myserlis, David J Thompson, Merja Tornikoski, J Anton Zensus

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: BL-Lacertae objects: individual: S5 0716+714; Galaxies:active; gamma-rays: galaxies

Online: 18 July 2016 (06:02:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0047.v3

Unification of Electromagnetism and Gravitation

Raymond Beach

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: unified field theory; electromagnetism; Maxwell’s equations; gravitation; general relativity; general relativity; Einstein’s field equations; gravitational radiation; hidden variable; dark matter; cosmological constant

Online: 10 September 2017 (07:50:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0439.v2

Morphological Changes in H1299 Human Lung Cancer Cells Following Millimeter-Wave Irradiation

Konstantin Komoshvili, Tzippi Becker, Jacob Levitan, Asher Yahalom, Ayan Barbora, Stella Liberman-Aronov

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: non-ionizing radiation; lung cancer; millimeter waves; cell morphology; 75-110 GHz

Online: 17 April 2020 (12:49:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0467.v2

Unified Explanation of Big Bang, Inflation, Charged Black Hole Decay, Galaxy Formation, Proton Spin Crisis and Elementary Particle Masses

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Elementary particles; Galaxy structures; Charged black hole decay; Big bang and inflation; Super-massive black holes; Coulomb forces; Proton spin crisis; Dark matters; 4-D Euclidean space.

Online: 11 October 2021 (11:46:24 CEST)

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Space-time evolution is briefly explained by using the 3-dimensional quantized space model (TQSM) based on the 4-dimensional (4-D) Euclidean space. The energy (E=cDtDV), charges (|q|= cDt) and absolute time (ct) are newly defined based on the 4-D Euclidean space. The big bang is understood by the space-time evolution of the 4-D Euclidean space but not by the sudden 4-D Minkowski space-time creation. The big bang process created the matter universe with the positive energy and the partner anti-matter universe with the negative energy from the CPT symmetry. Our universe is the matter universe with the negative charges of electric charge (EC), lepton charge (LC) and color charge (CC). This first universe is made of three dark matter -, lepton -, and quark - primary black holes with the huge negative charges which cause the Coulomb repulsive forces much bigger than the gravitational forces. The huge Coulomb forces induce the inflation of the primary black holes, that decay to the super-massive black holes. The dark matter super-massive black holes surrounded by the normal matters and dark matters make the galaxies and galaxy clusters. The spiral arms of galaxies are closely related to the decay of the 3-D charged normal matter black holes to the 1-D charged normal matter black holes. The elementary leptons and quarks are created by the decay of the normal matter charged black holes, that is caused by the Coulomb forces much stronger than the gravitational forces. The Coulomb forces are very weak with the very small Coulomb constants (k₁(EC) = k_dd(EC) ) for the dark matters and very strong with the very big Coulomb constants (k₂(EC) = k_nn(EC)) for the normal matters because of the non-communication of the photons between the dark matters and normal matters. The photons are charge dependent and mass independent. But the dark matters and normal matters have the similar and very weak gravitational forces because of the communication of the gravitons between the dark matters and normal matters. The gravitons are charge independent and mass dependent. Note that the three kinds of charges (EC, LC and CC) and one kind of mass (m) exist in our matter universe. The dark matters, leptons and quarks have the charge configurations of (EC), (EC,LC) and (EC,LC,CC), respectively. Partial masses of elementary fermions are calculated, and the proton spin crisis is explained. The charged black holes are not the singularities.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0564.v2

Non-Integrable Dynamics and Physics Beyond the Standard Model

Ervin Goldfain

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Non-integrability; Poincaré resonances; fractional dynamics; Haag’s theorem; interacting Quantum Field Theory; Beyond-the-Standard-Model physics

Online: 26 February 2021 (12:15:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0051.v1

Search for QPOs in the Light Curve of the Blazar OJ287: Preliminary Results from 2015/16 Observing Campaign

S. Zola, M. Valtonen, G. Bhatta, A. Goyal, B. Debski, A. Baran, J. Krzesinski, M. Siwak, S. Ciprini, A. Gopakumar, H. Jermak, K. Nilsson, D. Reichart, K. Matsumoto, K. Sadakane, K. Gazeas, M. Kidger, V. Piirola, F. Alicavus, K.S. Baliyan, A. Berdyugin, D. Boyd, M. Campas Torrent, F. Campos, J. Carrillo Gomez, D.B. Caton, V. Chavushyan, J. Dalessio, D. Dimitrov, M. Drozdz, A. Erdem, A. Escartin Perez, V. Fallah Ramazani, A.V. Filippenko, F. Garcia, F. Gomez Pinilla, M. Gopinathan, J.B. Haislip, J. Harmanen, G. Hurst, K.M. Ivarsen, M. Jelinek, A. Joshi, M. Kagitani, N. Kaur, N. Karaman, W.C. Keel, A.P. LaCluyze, B.C. Lee, E. Lindfors, J. Lozano De Haro, J.P. Moore, R. Naves Nogues, A.W. Neely, R.H. Nelson, W. Ogloza, S. Okano, J.C. Pandey, M. Perri, P. Pihajoki, G. Poyner, J. Provencal, T. Pursimo, A. Raj, R. Reinthal, S. Sadegi, T. Sakanoi, J.-L. Salto Gonzales, T. Schweyer, F.C. Soldan Alfaro, E. Sonbas, I. Steele, J.T. Stocke, J. Strobl, L.O. Takalo, T. Tomov, L. Tremosa Espasa, J.R. Valdes, J. Valero Perez, F. Verrecchia, J.R. Webb, M. Yoneda, M. Zejmo, W. Zheng, J. Telting, J. Saario, T. Reynolds, A. Kvammen, E. Gafton, R. Karjalainen, P. Blay

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: galaxies: active; BL Lacertae objects: individual (OJ 287); super massive black holes

Online: 18 July 2016 (10:46:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0009.v1

Analysis of Pyramidal Horn Antenna for J-Band Application

Muralidhar Bhanarkar, Ganesh Waghmare, Vaijjanath Navarkhele

Subject: Physical Sciences, Radiation And Radiography Keywords: Antennas; Communication systems; Electromagnetic analysis; Measurements; Radio propagation; Waveguides

Online: 8 July 2016 (03:44:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1020045

Influence of Gravitational Shielding on Time Dilation

Stanley Raj, Sohan Jheeta, Daniel, Arun Krishna, Joseph Pious, Hudson Oliver

Subject: Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics Keywords: gravitational shielding; Casimir effect; electromagnetic field; gravity

Online: 8 August 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0236.v1

An Assessment of Couple Stress Theories

Ali R. Hadjesfandiari, Gary F. Dargush

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: couple stress theory; size-dependent mechanics; indeterminacies; curvature tensor; torsion tensor

Online: 9 November 2018 (04:01:56 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0485.v1

A Status Report on the Phenomenology of Black Holes in Loop Quantum Gravity: Evaporation, Tunneling to White Holes, Dark Matter and Gravitational Waves

Aurélien Barrau, Killian Martineau, Flora Moulin

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: black holes; loop quantum gravity

Online: 29 August 2018 (08:26:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1381.v1

Patient Dose Estimation in Computed Tomography Guided Biopsy Procedures

Evagellia Siomou, Dimitrios Filippiadis, Efstathios P. Efstathopoulos, John Antonakos, Georgios S. Panayiotakis

Subject: Physical Sciences, Radiation And Radiography Keywords: patient dose; CT guided biopsy procedures; Diagnostic Reference Levels

Online: 21 October 2023 (17:40:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0152.v1

Hydrodynamic Cavitation-based Rapid Expansion of Hesperidin-rich Products from Waste Citrus Peel as a Potential Tool Against COVID-19

Francesco Meneguzzo, Rosaria Ciriminna, Federica Zabini, Mario Pagliaro

Subject: Physical Sciences, Fluids And Plasmas Physics Keywords: citrus fruits; coronavirus; COVID-19; flavonoids; hesperetin; hesperidin; hydrodynamic cavitation; pectin; SARS-CoV-2.

Online: 9 April 2020 (12:47:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0025.v1

Broad Band Observations Of Gravitationally Lensed Blazar QSO B0218+357 During A Gamma-Ray Outburst

Julian Sitarek, Josefa Becerra González, Sara Buson, Dijana Dominis Prester, Marina Manganaro, Daniel Mazin, Kari Nilsson, Mireia Nievas, Antonio Stamerra, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ievgen Vovk

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Gamma rays: galaxies; Gravitational lensing: strong; Galaxies: jets; Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; Galaxies: individual: QSO B0218+357

Online: 13 July 2016 (05:36:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0241.v2

A Classical Based Scalar Field Model Provides a Fundamental Bridge Between General Relativity Effects and Quantum Mechanics

Rickey Austin

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: newtonian mechanics; general relativity; quantum mechanics; fine structure constant; planck constant; dark energy; dark matter

Online: 25 February 2022 (03:21:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0017.v1

Elastic Wave Motions and an Electromagnetic Field for a Photothermal Theory with Two Temperature under Hydrostatic Initial Stress

Khaled Lotfy, Wafaa Hassan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: photothermal theory; carrier density; magnetic field; the harmonic wave; two temperature

Online: 9 July 2016 (11:00:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0026.v1

Microscopic Processes In Global Relativistic Jets Containing Helical Magnetic Fields

Kenichi Nishikawa, Yosuke Mizuno, Jacek Niemiec, Oleh Kobzar, Martin Pohl, Jose Gomez, Ioana Dutan, Asaf Pe’er, Jacob Frederiksen, Aake Nordlund, Athina Meli, Helene Sol, Phil Hardee, Dieter Hartmann

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: relativistic jets; particle-in-cell simulations; global jets; helical magnetic fields; kinetic instabilities; kink instability

Online: 13 July 2016 (05:37:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0060.v1

The RadioAstron dedicated DiFX distribution

Gabriele Bruni, James M. Anderson, Walter Alef, Helge Rottmann, Andrei P. Lobanov, J. Anton Zensus

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: VLBI; Space-VLBI; Correlation; RadioAstron; AGN

Online: 19 July 2016 (04:54:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0038.v1

Exploring The Magnetic Field Configuration Close To The Central Engines Using GMVA

Bindu Rani, Thomas Krichbaum, J. Hodgson, Shoko Koyama, Anton J. Zensus, Alan Marscher, Svetlana Jorstad, Lars Fuhramnn

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: active galaxies; BL Lacertae object: BL Lac; jets; GMVA: high-resolution VLBI; magnetic field; polarization

Online: 15 July 2016 (10:06:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0106.v1

HU - The Big Pop Cosmogenesis Equation of State

Marco Pereira

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Cosmology, Cosmogenesis, Relativity, Spacetime, Hypergeometrical Universe Theory, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, L-CDM, Big Bang, Big Pop

Online: 10 January 2022 (12:14:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0075.v1

Hybrid Subtractive-Additive-Welding Microfabrication for Lab-on-Chip (LOC) Applications via Single Amplified Femtosecond Laser Source

Linas Jonušauskas, Sima Rekštytė, Ričardas Buividas, Simas Butkus, Roaldas Gadonas, Saulius Juodkazis, Mangirdas Malinauskas

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: femtosecond laser 3D microfabrication; 3D printing; nanotechnology; microfluidics; lab-on-chip

Online: 13 April 2017 (10:32:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0040.v1

A panchromatic view of relativistic jets in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

Filippo D'Ammando, Monica Orienti, Justin Finke, Josefin Larsson, Marcello Giroletti, Claudia M. Raiteri

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: galaxies: nuclei; galaxies: jets; galaxies: Seyfert; gamma-rays: general

Online: 15 July 2016 (11:29:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0049.v2

Binary Data Matrix Theory

Manouchehr Amiri

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: Quantum Liouville equation; metric compatibility condition; Joint probability; Binary Data Matrix; Ricci flow

Online: 25 February 2022 (02:34:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0203.v1

Absolute Time, Length Expansion, Particle Mass Origins, Quantum Entanglement, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Higgs Boson on the 4-D Euclidean Space

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Absolute time; Length expansion; Absolute time simultaneity; Twin paradox; Quantum entanglement; 4-D Euclidean space; Pauli exclusion principle; Higgs boson; Time clicking; Quantum base

Online: 14 October 2022 (03:52:31 CEST)

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The absolute time and relative time are defined in terms of the 4-D Euclidean space. Our universe is the 3-D x₁x₂x₃ quantized photon space which follows the absolute time simultaneity when the universe moves along the absolute time axis of ct. The length expansion of Dx = gDx₀ is derived under the condition of the absolute time (ct) simultaneity. From the similarity between this length expansion of Dx = gDx₀ and the energy increasing of E = gE₀, it is assumed that the energy is proportional to the particle size of Dx. The extension of this assumption to the 4-D Euclidean space gives the new definition that the particle energy (E) is the 4-D volume. Then, the particle mass energy is defined as E= mc² = cDtDV = gE₀. The masses of the elementary particles are originated from the 4-D warped volume of the photon space because the particle is the warped photon space with the velocity of v < c. Therefore, the Higgs boson concept in the standard model (SM) is not needed in the present 3-D quantized space model (TQSM). The scalar boson with the spin of zero, photon with the spin of 1 and graviton with the spin of 2 are the two-boson states. Therefore, the observed Higgs boson is reinterpreted as the two-boson state of the scalar boson with the spin of zero. The cosmic muon observation and twin paradox are explained by using the absolute time and relative time. The relative time is the observed time in the twin paradox and cosmic muon observation. In the twin paradox, a person who travels the long distance is more aged than a person on the earth in terms of the relative time ages because of the space and time conversion effect (STCE effect) of the moving space distance (x). But twins are in the same ages in terms of the absolute time without STCE effect. The fast-moving cosmic muon has the expanded half-life from the time expansion of the relative time. Also, the quantum entanglement and Pauli exclusion principle are explained. The quantum base of the photon space line connects two entangled particles. Two particles and quantum base system is fluctuated along the absolute time axis by the time clicking when one particle is measured. Another particle is instantly selected by the time clicking. This is called as the quantum entanglement. The photons which are the flat photon space with the constant speed of c along the space axis and absolute time axis have the 4-D photon velocity of c_eff = 2^0.5 c. Total 10-D Euclidean space including three 3-D quantized spaces and one absolute time axis is required for the electric charges (EC), lepton charges (CC) and color charges (CC) of the elementary particles. The 3-D photon space is very stiff along the absolute time (ct) axis and very soft along the space axes. The Coulomb force through the photons (2EM waves) of the space fluctuations is much stronger than the Gravitational force through the gravitons (G waves) of the time fluctuations between two electrons.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0078.v2

Geometric Theory of Heat from Souriau Lie Groups Thermodynamics and Koszul Hessian Geometry: Applications in Information Geometry for Exponential Families

Frédéric Barbaresco

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: Lie Group Thermodynamics; Moment map; Gibbs Density; Gibbs Equilibrium; Maximum Entropy; Information Geometry; Symplectic Geometry; Cartan-Poincaré Integral Invariant; Geometric Mechanics; Euler-Poincaré Equation; Fisher Metric; Gauge Theory; Affine Group

Online: 21 September 2016 (06:13:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0096.v2

Quantum Cosmology vs. Observational Cosmology (A Simple, Curious and Advanced Approach)

U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: big bang; planck scale Hubble parameter; quantum cosmology; Mach’s principle; holographic principle; observational cosmology; super luminal expansion speed; super luminal rotation speed; dark energy; cosmic rotational kinetic energy; cosmic microwave back

Online: 8 October 2016 (10:26:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0023.v1

Observing---and Imaging---Active Galactic Nuclei with the Event Horizon Telescope

Vincent Fish, Kazunori Akiyama, Katherine Bouman, Andrew Chael, Michael Johnson, Sheperd Doeleman, Lindy Blackburn, John Wardle, William Freeman

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: galaxies: jets---Galaxy: center---techniques: high angular resolution---techniques: image processing---techniques: interferometric

Online: 12 July 2016 (09:41:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0052.v1

JVLA wideband polarimetry observations on a sample of high Rotation Measure sources.

Alice Pasetto, Carlos Carrasco-Gonzalez, Shane O'Sullivan, Aritra Basu, Gabriele Bruni, Alex Kraus, Karl-Heinz Mack

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: AGN; polarimetry

Online: 18 July 2016 (10:54:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0502.v2

Mapping Effective Field Theory to Multifractal Geometry

Ervin Goldfain

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: deterministic chaos; multifractals; effective field theory; Lyapunov exponents; Renormalization Group; selfsimilarity

Online: 24 May 2021 (15:16:54 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0198.v1

About Dark Matter and Gravitation

Alain Haraux

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: gravitation; dark matter; redshift; big bang

Online: 9 July 2020 (17:25:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0082.v1

Relationships between bat swing speed and muscle thickness and asymmetry in collegiate baseball players

Ryo Tsuchikane, Takatoshi Higuchi, Tadashi Suga, Michio Wachi, Jun Misaki, Daichi Tanaka, Yuto Miyake, Tadao Isaka

Subject: Physical Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: hitting; ultrasonography; lateral dominance; abdominal muscle; back muscle

Online: 8 August 2016 (14:36:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0115.v1

A Lagrangian Approach for Computational Acoustics with Meshfree Method

Yong Ou Zhang, Stefan G. Llewellyn Smith, Tao Zhang, Tian Yun Li

Subject: Physical Sciences, Acoustics Keywords: Lagrangian approach; Lagrangian acoustic perturbation equations; computational acoustics; meshfree method; smoothed particle hydrodynamics; generalized finite difference method

Online: 25 January 2017 (11:42:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0040.v1

Ozone Variability over Egypt

Ayman Badawy, Heshmat Abdel Basset, Mohamed Eid

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: total ozone; seasonal variation; analysis trend; homogeneity; abrupt change

Online: 13 February 2017 (11:34:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0152.v1

Moses Effect (Deformation of Diamagnetic Liquid/Vapor Interface by Magnetic Field): Physics and Applications

Edward Bormashenko

Subject: Physical Sciences, Fluids And Plasmas Physics Keywords: diamagnetic liquid surface; magnetic field; Moses Effect; interfacial tension; shape of the near-surface dip

Online: 15 January 2019 (11:42:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0048.v1

Fractal features of Fermi Blazar Light Curves

Yi Liu, Wei Cai, Junhui Fan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Chemical Physics Keywords: galaxies:blazar; light curve; simulation

Online: 18 July 2016 (10:36:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0239.v1

Fundamental Constants in Time from the Big-Bang

Heikki Sipilä, Ari Lehto

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Fine structure constant; period doubling; alpha; natural constants

Online: 11 July 2020 (10:23:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.3390/sci1010005.v1

Isomerization and Properties of Isomers of Carbocyanine Dyes

Pavel Pronkin, Alexander Tatikolov

Subject: Physical Sciences, Chemical Physics Keywords: carbocyanine dyes; isomerization; trans and cis isomers; meso-substituted cyanines

Online: 29 November 2018 (00:00:00 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Period Doubling Phenomenon as the Origin of Electron Properties

Ari Lehto

Subject: Physical Sciences, Atomic And Molecular Physics Keywords: period doubling; electron structure; elementary charge; electron magnetic moment; fine structure constant; Planck scale; Standard Model

Online: 20 August 2020 (04:08:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0046.v1

Wei Cai, Y Liu, Junhui Fan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: galaxies:blazar; light curve; simulation

Online: 18 July 2016 (10:39:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0008.v1

Spectral and Polarization Signatures of Relativistic Shocks in Blazars

Markus Boettcher

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: active galaxies; blazars; jets; polarization; shock acceleration

Online: 8 July 2016 (03:03:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0636.v1

New Superconductivity and Theoretical Study on a New Phenomenon of Energy Source with Assistance of Initial Experiments

Shinichi Ishiguri

Subject: Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics Keywords: new superconductivity, condensation state, new electric field, current emission, new type capacitor, Aharonov–Bohm effect, new energy source

Online: 30 November 2018 (15:57:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0030.v2

Extended Dynamical Equations of the Period Vectors of Crystals under Constant External Stress to Many-body Interactions

Gang Liu

Subject: Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics Keywords: dynamical equation; crystal; period vectors; periodic structure; period dynamics; pressure; stress; many-body interaction; molecular dynamics; periodic boundary conditions

Online: 9 August 2018 (08:36:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0380.v1

Cosmological Models in Lyra Geometry with Linearly Varying Deceleration Parameter

Kalyani Desikan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Cosmology; Lyra Geometry; Linearly Varying Deceleration Parameter

Online: 30 April 2018 (12:17:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0150.v1

Switching of Lasing Wavelength and Threshold Current of Semiconductor Laser by Temperature Variation

Suraj Manikandan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: laser diode; wavelength; stimulated emission; temperature effect

Online: 16 June 2019 (16:53:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0057.v1

Heat Engines of Extraordinary Efficiency and the General Principle of their Operation

Remi Cornwall

Subject: Physical Sciences, Thermodynamics Keywords: Maxwell Demon, Phase Transition, Ferrofluid, Magneto-calorific effect, Time's Arrow

Online: 10 April 2017 (18:00:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0335.v1

An Alternative to Dark Matter?A Cosmological Model of Galaxy Rotation Using Cosmological Gravity Force, F_Λ (ALW)

Jean Perron

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: cosmological parameters numerical values; cosmology early universe; galaxies kinematic and dynamic; galaxies Coma cluster; galaxies evolution

Online: 28 May 2019 (11:00:50 CEST)

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A cosmological model was developed using the equation of state of photon gas, as well as cosmic time. The primary objective of this model is to see if determining the observed rotation speed of galactic matter is possible, without using dark matter (halo) as a parameter. To do so, a numerical application of the evolution of variables in accordance with cosmic time and a new state equation was developed to determine precise, realistic values for a number of cosmological parameters, such as energy of the universe , cosmological constant Λ, curvature of space k, energy density , age of the universe etc. Some assumptions were put forth in order to solve these equations. The current version of the model partially explains several of the observed phenomena that raise questions. Numerical application of the model has yielded the following results, among others: Initially, during the Planck era, at the very beginning of Planck time, , the universe contained a single photon at Planck temperature Planck energy in the Planck volume. During the photon inflation phase (before characteristic time ~10^-9 ), the number of original photons (alphatons) increased at each unit of Planck time and geometrical progression ~n³, where n is the quotient of cosmic time over Planck time . Then, the primordial number of photons reached a maximum of N~10⁸⁹, where it remained constant. It's primordial photons (alphatons) are still present today and represents the essential of the energy contained in the universe via the cosmological constante . Such geometric growth in the number of photons can bring a solution to the horizon problem through exchange and a photon energy volume that is in phase with that of the the volume energy of the universe. The age of the universe in cosmic time that is in line with positive energy conservation (in terms of conventional thermodynamics) and the creation of proton, neutron, electron, and neutrino masses, is ~76 [Gy] (observed . The predicted total mass (p, n, e and n), based on the Maxwell-Juttner relativistic statistical distribution, is ~7x10⁵⁰ . The predicted cosmic neutrino mass is ≤ 8.69x10^-32 (≤ 48.7 ) if based on observations of SN1987A. The temperature variation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), as measured by Planck, can be said to be partially due to energy variations in the universe (DU/U) during the primordial baryon synthesis (energy jump from the creation of protons and neutrons). In this model, what is usually referred to as dark energy actually corresponds to the energy of the universe that has not been converted to mass, and which acts on the mass created by the energy-mass equivalence principle and the cosmological gravity field, , associated with the cosmological constant, which is high during primordial formation of the galaxies (<1 [Gy]). A look at the Casimir effect makes it possible to estimate a minimum Casimir pressure and thus determine our possible relative position in the universe at cosmic time 0,1813 (t₀/t_W=13,8 /76,1 ). Therefore, from the observed age of 13,8 [Gy], we can derive a possible cosmic age of 76,1 [Gy]. That energy of the universe, when taken into consideration during the formation of the first galaxies (< 1 [Gy]), provides a relatively adequate explanation of the non-Keplerian rotation of galactic masses. Indeed, such residual, non-baryonic energy, when considered in Newton’s gravity equation, adds the term , which can partially explain, without recourse to dark matter, the rotations of some galaxies, such as M33, UGC12591, UGC2885, NGC3198, NGC253, DDO161, UDG44, the MW and the Coma cluster. Today, in the MW, that cosmological gravity force is in the order of 10²⁶ times smaller than the conventional gravity force. The model predicts an acceleration of the mass in the universe (q~ 0,986); the energy associated with curvature is the driving force behind the expansion of the universe, rather than the energy associated with the cosmological constant . An equation to determine expansion is obtained using the energy form of the Friedmann equation relative to Planck power and cosmic time or Planck force acting at the frontier of the universe moving at c. This constant Planck force, from unknown sources, acts everywhere to the expansion of the universe as a stretching effect on the volume. Finally, the model partly explains the value a₀ of the MOND theory. Indeed, a₀ is not a true constant, but depends on the cosmological constant at the time the great structures were formed (~1 [Gy]), as well as an adjustment of the typical mass and dimension of those great structures, such as galaxies. The constant a₀is a different expression of the cosmological gravity force as expressed by the cosmological constant, Λ, acting through the energy-mass equivalent during the formation of the structures. It does not put in question the value of G.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0032.v1

The radio/gamma-ray connection from 120 MHz to 230 GHz

Marcello Giroletti, Filippo D'Ammando, Monica Orienti, Rocco Lico

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: BL Lacertae objects: general, catalogues, gamma rays: galaxies, quasars: general, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, radio continuum: galaxies

Online: 14 July 2016 (12:11:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0234.v1

Simulation Analysis of Capacitance Method in Two-Phase Flow Concentration Measurement by Coupled Fields

Xiaoxin Wang, Hongli Hu, Lin Li, Bo Wang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: 3-D fluid-electrostatic coupling field; electrical sensor performance; concentration measurement; gas/solid two-phase flow

Online: 31 August 2016 (09:03:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0046.v1

The Discrepancy in Galaxy Rotation Curves

Roy Gomel, Tomer Zimmerman

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: dark matter; reference frames; galaxies

Online: 5 August 2019 (05:08:42 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0544.v2

On Carboniferous Gigantism and Atomic Shrinking

Alain Haraux

Subject: Physical Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: atoms; nucleus, electrons; energy; spectral shift; polymers

Online: 23 November 2020 (09:46:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0058.v1

The thermodynamics of collapsars

Trevor W. Marshall

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Gravitational collapse; Oppenheimer-Snyder; horizonless solutions; neutron stars

Online: 19 July 2016 (04:53:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0028.v7

Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis An Experiment of Heat-Electric Conversion in Contradiction to the Kelvin Statement

Xinyong Fu, Zitao Fu

Subject: Physical Sciences, Thermodynamics Keywords: Maxwell’s demon; magnetic demon; entropy decrease; entropy elimination

Online: 31 July 2020 (03:42:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0077.v1

Photonic Quantum Noise Reduction with Low-Pump Parametric Amplifiers for Photonic Integrated Circuits

Andre Vatarescu

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: parametric conversion of photons; optically linear and electro-optic parametric interactions

Online: 8 August 2016 (12:12:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0034.v1

Flaring γ-ray emission from high redshift blazars

Monica Orienti, Filippo D'Ammando, Marcello Giroletti, Justin Finke, Daniele Dallacasa

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: galaxies: active; gamma-rays: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

Online: 15 July 2016 (04:40:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0010.v1

Initial Energy Density of √ s = 7 and 8 TeV p+p Collisions at the LHC

Mate Csanad, Tamas Csorgo, Ze-Fang Jiang, Chun-Bin Yang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Nuclear And High Energy Physics Keywords: quark-gluon plasma, hydrodynamics, pseudorapidity distribution, initial state, energy density, Bjorken estimate

Online: 5 October 2016 (09:04:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0370.v1

Quantum Theory Without Classical Time: Octonions, and a Theoretical Derivation of the Fine Structure Constant 1/137

TEJINDER P. SINGH

Subject: Physical Sciences, Acoustics Keywords: Quantum theory; Octonions; Fine structure constant; Trace dynamics; Standard model; Non-commutative geometry

Online: 17 May 2021 (07:56:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0080.v1

Dark Matter as a Metric Perturbation

W. M. Stuckey, Timothy McDevitt, A. K. Sten, Michael Silberstein

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: dark matter; THINGS; MOND; metric skew-tensor gravity; scalar-tensor-vector gravity; CMB angular power spectrum

Online: 16 November 2016 (09:39:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0113.v1

Entropy and Geometric Objects

Georg J. Schmitz

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: gradient-entropy; contrast; phase-field models; diffuse interfaces; entropy of geometric objects; Bekenstein-Hawking entropy; Heaviside function; Dirac function; 3D Delta function

Online: 17 October 2017 (10:48:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0207.v2

Origin of Emergence of Perceivable Reality “Vyaktham” from Unperceivable Information “Avyaktham” with Axiomatic Definitions Based on the Philosophy of Bharatheeya Knowledge Systems: A Never-Ending Cyclic Loop of Information Transport Over A Topologically Invariant Two Dimensional Poincare Sphere

Vijay Carolin, Oriparambil Sivaraman Nirmal Ghosh, Kiran Lal V S, Sreekumar Namboothiri, Ajayan Sadhananthan, Gayathri Sethuraman, Ramakrishnan Krishnan Unni

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: Quantum Information; Emergence; Complex System; Gunam; Ayuveda; Phenomenology

Online: 10 January 2024 (04:46:54 CET)

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For the first time in the world, we provided a phenomenologically verifiable proof for the validation of origin of universe and perceivable reality from the unperceivable information based on Ayurveda. We also provided the axiomatic definitions for the terminologies used to deliver the theoretical framework for the same based on Bharatheeya Knowledge Systems. The presented manuscript provides a corelation between quantum information transport and emergence of gunam “Laghu” and gunam “Guru”. We identified that this point of emergence can be considered as the origin point in the continuous process of generation of Perceivable Reality “Vyaktham” from Unperceivable Information “Avyaktham”. In this context we can consider the unperceivable information in “Avyaktham” as dark matter. So, we must develop methods like gunascopy or informationscopy to understand the types of information imbibed in the quantum matter of a dravyam to understand its original physico-chemical-biological and information state of the constituent matter. This is possible through the assessment of Dravya Guna aspects and panchabhootha tatwas of the dravyas. For the first time in the world, we have developed the method to derive all the gunas from “guru” and “Laghu” and calculated the mass of the finitie components of Nava Dravyas including Mann, Aatma, Kaal, Disha, Aakash, Vaayu, Agni, Jal and Prithvi from the quantum information emergence equation. We strongly believe that this work will open up new avenues to explore the frontiers of reality and universe through natural cognition. The solutions to the Yang-Mill conjecture is achieved by our team using the Quantum Information Emergence and Transport Equations. We proved that the information bounded in the quantum states of the constituent quantum matter of quantum particles will provide them positive masses, even though they travel at the speed of light. Based on the phenomenologically verifiable axioms proposed in this work, we proved that the space on the topologically invarient 2D Poincare Sphere which is equivalent to a 2D space without boundaries can facilitate the never-ending loop of continuous quantum information transport between “Avyaktham” and “Vyaktham”. So the information availabe in the constituent quantum states of “Avyaktham” is equal to the postiive mass of quantum systems travelling at the speed of light. In such condition all the mass of the quantum particles will be converted in to information bounded in the corresponding quantum states of the quantum matter. This complete conversion of mass of the quantumparticles into information will happen only at maximum entropy. Thus at maximum entropy the information which is self information entangled with its own quantum states in “Avyaktham” will have a positive mass equal to the mass gap proposed in the Yang-Mill conjecture.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0067.v1

Modeling Sound Propagation Using the Corrective Smoothed Particle Method with an Acoustic Boundary Treatment Technique

YongOu Zhang, Xu Li, Tao Zhang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Mathematical Physics Keywords: computational acoustics; meshfree method; Lagrangian approach; smoothed particle hydrodynamics; corrective smoothed particle method; boundary conditions; numerical method

Online: 13 January 2017 (10:09:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0450.v1

Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Schrodinger Equations, Matter and Wave Function Collapses, Photon Momenta and the Gamma Ray Burst based on the 4-D Euclidean Space

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: P4 = TcP symmetry; Matter collapse; Wave function collapse; Klein paradox; Continuity equations; Negative energy solutions; Gamma ray burst; Photon momenta

Online: 23 December 2022 (07:57:12 CET)

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The negative energy solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations have been used to define the antiparticle with the positive energy from the Feynman - Stueckelberg interpretation in the standard model based on the 4-D Minkowski space with the relative time. The negative energy solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations are used to define the antiparticles with the negative energy in the present 3-D quantized space model. Note that all the present results are based on the 4-D Euclidean space with the absolute time (t) and relative time (t_l). Then the particle with the positive energy and antiparticle with the negative energy have the 4-D P₄ = TCP = T_cP symmetry. The continuity equations are derived from the Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Schrodinger equations. The Klein-Gordon and Schrodinger equations with the potential barriers are solved. The Klein paradox is explained by using the pair production of the electron with the positive energy and positron with the negative energy under the P₄ = _TcP symmetry, The effective velocity ( c_eff=√2 " c " ) and effective energy ("Etl =" √2 E ) along the relative time axis (ctl) give the relative time momentum of "p_tl"=E_tl/c_eff =(√2 E)/(√2 c)=E/c=p_t=p_x. This indicates that the photons with the energy of E have the constant photon velocity of c and the constant photon momentum of "ptl"=E_tl/c_eff =(√2 E)/(√2 c)=E/c=p_t=p_x. For the negative energy particles, the space momentum directions are opposite to the particle velocity directions because the energy is negative. And the matter collapse to the photons at the very high particle velocity is discussed from the length expansion. It is, for the first time, proposed that the gamma ray burst is originated from the matter collapse to the photons near the black hole. Also, the wave function collapse is explained from the length expansion. The wave function collapse takes place when the measurement makes the particle velocity to be zero. It is concluded that the negative energy solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations support the existence of the partner antimatter universe with the negative energy and negative time direction. Our matter universe has the positive energy and the positive time direction.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0538.v1

Lepton Pair Production with Only One Charge Available - Neutrino

Ari Lehto

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: neutrino; period doubling; muon decay; elementary charge; electron mass; Planck units

Online: 26 January 2021 (12:16:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0022.v1

PHB Production in Biofermentors Assisted through Biosensor Applications

Palmiro Poltronieri, Valeria Mezzolla, Oscar Fernando D'Urso

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: Cupriavidus necator; E. coli; bofermentors; biosensors; growth phase; biosynthetic pathways; P(3HB); PHB: polyhydroxybutyrate,; spectrofluorometry; SERS: Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy; turbidity as optical density (OD)

Online: 8 February 2017 (09:31:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0118.v1

Peierls and Spin-Peierls Instabilities in the Per₂[M(mnt)₂] Series of One-Dimensional Organic Conductors; Experimental Realization of a 1D Kondo Lattice for M = Pd, Ni and Pt

Jean-Paul Pouget, Pascale Foury-Leylekian, Manuel Almeida

Subject: Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics Keywords: organic conductors; one dimensional metal; Kondo lattice; Peierls and spin-Peierls transitions; frustrated anti-ferromagnetic systems

Online: 26 January 2017 (07:48:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0030.v1

An optoelectronic equivalent narrowband filter for high resolution optical spectrum analysis

Kunpeng Feng, Jiwen Cui, Hong Dang, Weidong Wu, Xun Sun, Xuelin Jiang, Jiubin Tan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: optical spectrum analysis; optical sensors; optical filters; coherent optics

Online: 9 February 2017 (15:49:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0042.v3

Visualizing Electromagnetic Vacuum by MRI

Chandrika S. Chandrashekar, Annadanesh Shellikeri, S. Chandrashekar, Erika A. Taylor, Deanne M. Taylor

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: electromagnetic vacuum; MRI; metal

Online: 10 December 2016 (08:32:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0019.v1

Influence of Plasma Treatment to the Performance of Amorphous IGZO based Flexible Thin Film Transistors

Long-long Chen, Xiang Sun, Ji-feng Shi, Xi-feng Li, Xing-wei Ding, Jian-Hua Zhang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Fluids And Plasmas Physics Keywords: TFTs; IGZO; flexible; plasma treatment

Online: 4 April 2017 (09:44:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0036.v1

The Classifications and Some Correlations for Fermi Blazars

Junhui Fan, Y Liu, J.H. Yang, C Lin, J.M. Hao

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; galaxies: nuclei

Online: 15 July 2016 (09:37:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0229.v1

On the Non-Thermal Energy Content of Cosmic Structures

Franco Vazza, Denis Wittor, Marcus Brueggen, Claudio Gheller

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Galaxy clusters; cosmic rays; magnetic fields; turbulence

Online: 30 August 2016 (08:53:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0088.v1

Modern Methods for Aircraft Power and Propulsion

Relly Victoria Petrescu, Raffaella Aversa, Antonio Apicella, Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu

Subject: Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics Keywords: aerospace propulsion; electric motors; hydrogen burners; hydrogen storage; honeycomb cell reservoirs; solar photovoltaic power; modern propulsions.

Online: 7 March 2019 (10:24:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0020.v1

Portable Laser Photoacoustic Methane Sensor Based on FPGA

Jianwei Wang, Huili Wang, Xianyong Liu

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: FPGA; photoacoustic spectroscopy; diode laser; methane

Online: 6 September 2016 (11:51:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0185.v1

Dispersion Operators Algebra and Linear Canonical Transformations

Raoelina Andriambololona, Ravo Tokiniaina Raymond Ranaivoson, Hasimbola Damo Emile Randriamisy, Hanitriarivo Rakotoson

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: Dispersion operator; Lie algebra; Linear Canonical Transformation; Quantum theory; Phase space representation

Online: 20 August 2016 (10:55:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1030061

On Mautner-Type Probability of Capture of Intergalactic Meteor Particles by Habitable Exoplanets

Andjelka Kovačević

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: intergalactic meteor particle; extrasolar planets; astrobiology

Online: 19 October 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0052.v1

Feature Extraction of Ship Radiated Noise Based on Permutation Entropy of the Intrinsic Mode Function with the Highest Energy

Yu-Xing Li, Ya-An Li, Zhe Chen, Xiao Chen

Subject: Physical Sciences, Acoustics Keywords: empirical mode decomposition; intrinsic mode function; permutation entropy; multi-scale permutation entropy; feature extraction

Online: 9 November 2016 (10:24:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0096.v1

A Zeroth Law Compatible Model to Kerr Black Hole Thermodynamics

Viktor G. Czinner, Hideo Iguchi

Subject: Physical Sciences, Thermodynamics Keywords: black holes; entropy; nonextensive thermodynamics; stability

Online: 18 December 2016 (10:59:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0562.v1

On the Evaluation of Vacuum Energy Density in Quantum Field Theory

Ervin Goldfain

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: zero-point energy density; vacuum energy density; Standard Model parameters; mass spectrum; Renormalization Group flow; Higgs mechanism; cosmological constant problem

Online: 27 January 2021 (13:11:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0184.v1

Stochastic Cosmology and the Vacuum Energy Parameter

Ervin Goldfain

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: FRW model; accelerated expansion; Vacuum Energy parameter; stochastic cosmology; Langevin equation

Online: 6 April 2021 (18:25:00 CEST)

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