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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1182.v1

Dietary Supplementation with an Extract of Aloysia citrodora (Lemon verbena) Improves Sleep Quality in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Study

Silvia Pérez-Piñero, Juan Carlos Muñoz-Carrillo, Jon Echepare-Taberna, Macarena Muñoz-Cámara, Cristina Herrera-Fernández, Ana I. García-Guillén, Vicente Ávila-Gandía, Pau Navarro, Nuria Caturla, Jonathan Jones, Francisco Javier López-Román

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: sleep disorders; insomnia; Aloysia citrodora; lemon verbena; stress; melatonin; cortisol

Online: 17 April 2024 (14:48:09 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0004.v9

The Carbon-Based Evolutionary Theory (CBET)

Ji-Ming Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: carbon-based entity; driving force; energy; evolution; fitness; mechanism; natural selection; speciation; thermodynamics; theory

Online: 17 June 2021 (11:56:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1133.v1

The Role of Histology in Forensic Investigations

Edda Emanuela Guareschi, Gemma Lauren Kelleher, Paola Annarosa Magni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Keywords; autopsy; death; entomology; legal; medicine; postmortem

Online: 20 March 2024 (04:44:23 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0650.v1

Developmental, Physiologic and Phylogenetic Perspectives on the Expression and Regulation of Myosin Heavy Chains in Craniofacial Muscles

Joseph Foon Yoong Hoh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Craniofacial muscles; myosin heavy chain; gene expression; myogenesis; neural regulation; thyroid hormone; muscle plasticity; phylogeny

Online: 11 March 2024 (17:36:17 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1191.v1

Combined Pharmacological Modulation of Translational and Transcriptional Activity Signaling Pathways as a Promising Therapeutic Approach in Children With Myocardial Changes

Andrii Kamenshchyk, Igor Belenuchev, Valentyn Oksenych, Oleksandr Kamyshnyi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: myocardial hypertrophy; children; gene expression signaling pathways; pharmacological modulation; heart

Online: 21 February 2024 (04:42:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0932.v1

Does Limited Dorsiflexion during Swing Phase in Hemiparesis Depend on Spasticity?

Maria Vinti, Mathias Blandeau, Hélène Pillet, Wafa Skalli, Philippe Decq, Andrea Merlo, Jean-Michel Gracies, Nicolas Bayle, Mouna Ghédira, Emilie Hutin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Hemiparesis; Spastic cocontraction; Electromyography; Gastrocnemius; Soleus; Tibial nerve neurotomy

Online: 19 February 2024 (11:48:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2111.v1

Skeletal Muscle Echo Intensity Values Differ across Ultrasound Dynamic Range Settings

Aldo Scafoglieri, Jona Van den Broeck, Paolo Bartocci, Erik Cattrysse, Harriët Jager-Wittenaar, Maria Cristina Gonzalez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: ultrasound; imageJ; settings; echo intensity; muscle quality

Online: 30 January 2024 (11:40:06 CET)

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Background: According to EWGSOP2, the diagnosis of sarcopenia is confirmed when in addition to low muscle strength, low muscle quantity or quality is present. Echo intensity (EI) determined by muscle ultrasound (US) has been proposed as an efficient method for the assessment of muscle quality. The effect of changing various US parameter settings on EI remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the differences between EI values obtained by adjusting parameter settings over their entire range in a sample of middle-aged healthy subjects. Methods: Thirty-two repeated US scans of rectus femoris (RF) and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles were taken in eight men and three women with a portable Mindray M7 premium US machine, working in an Extended field-of-view, B-Mode setup, equipped with a linear 5.0-10.0 MHz transducer. The following US parameters and settings were fixed: gain 60dB, depth 6.5cm, and frequency 10 MHz. Readily adjustable parameters were dynamic range (DR), gray map (GM), line density, persistence, and IClear. A default setting DR65 was chosen as the reference setting. For each of the parameters, the settings of one single parameter of interest was changed over its entire range following a standardized protocol. The EI values were calculated using the open-source software ImageJ. Repeated measures analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of parameter settings on EI. Linear interpolation was used to determine non-significant ranges across a given parameter. Results: For the RF muscle, the EI values were significantly different across DR (p<0.001), GM (p<0.001), and IClear (p<0.001). Post hoc analysis confirmed the differences within these three settings. Echo intensity values within the range of DR55 to DR80 were not significantly different. For the RA muscle, the EI values were significantly different across DR (p=0.004) and GM (p=0.030). Post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed no significant difference with the default setting, except for DR150 (p=0.042). Conclusion: We showed that EI values differ across the DR and GM range, especially in the RF. We suggest using a DR setting within its midrange to minimize the effect of machine setting-dependent factors on EI values. These findings reconfirm the need for standardization of ultrasound echo intensity settings when applied for diagnostic purposes of muscle quality.

Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1445.v1

Functional implications of the prosomeric model

Luis Puelles

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Brain models; Columnar model; Neuromeric models; Synthetic model; Prosomeric model; Brain functions; Modularity

Online: 19 January 2024 (09:30:03 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0500.v2

Cardiovascular Response to Exercise in Vertebrates: Update

Antonio López-Román, Raquel Gómez-Lucas, Elena Jiménez-Herranz, Francisco Javier Calderón-Montero, Juan José Ramos-Álvarez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: ; vertebrates; arterial pressure; cardiac output; exercise; heart rate; stroke volume ;

Online: 17 January 2024 (13:19:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2119.v1

The Relationship between the Secondary Vascular System and the Lymphatic Vascular System in Fish

Zuzana Varaliová, Virginia Panara, Jörg Wilting, Katarzyna Koltowska, Michael Jeltsch

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Secondary vascular system; lymphatic vascular system; fish physiology; embryonic development; zebrafish; transdifferentiation; aquatic respiration; cardiovascular system; vascular identity; vascular endothelial growth factors

Online: 27 December 2023 (14:46:13 CET)

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New technologies have resulted in a better understanding of blood and lymphatic vascular heterogeneity at the cellular and molecular levels. Meanwhile, we still need to learn more about the heterogeneity of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems between different species at the anatomical and functional levels. Even the deceptively simple question of the functions of fish lymphatic vessels has yet to be conclusively answered. The most common interpretation assumes a similar dual setup of the vasculature in zebrafish and mammals: on the one hand, there is the cardiovascular, circulatory system, and on the other hand, the lymphatic vascular system, in which the unidirectional flow is derived from surplus interstitial fluid and returned into the cardiovascular system. A competing interpretation questions the identity of the lymphatic vessels in fish as at least some of them receive their flow from arteries via specialised anastomoses, neither requiring an interstitial source for the lymphatic flow nor stipulating unidirectionality. In this alternative view, the “fish lymphatics” are a specialised subcompartment of the cardiovascular system, called the “secondary vascular system” (SVS). Many of the contradictions found in the literature appear to stem from the fact that the SVS develops in part or its entirety from an embryonic lymphatic vascular system by transdifferentiation. Future research needs to establish the extent of embryonic transdifferentiation of lymphatics into SVS blood vessels. Similarly, more insight is needed into the molecular regulation of vascular development in fish. Most fish do feature more than the five VEGF genes and three VEGF receptor genes that we know from mice or humans, and the relative tolerance of fish to whole genome and gene duplications could underlie the evolutionary diversification of the vasculature. This review discusses the key elements of the fish lymphatics versus the SVS and attempts to draw a picture coherent with the existing data, including the phylogenetic knowledge.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1752.v1

Camphene as a Protective Agent in Myocardial Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury

Rodopi Stamatiou, Maria Anagnostopoulou, Chrysa Rapti, Antigone Lazou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: camphene; ischemia/reperfusion injury; oxidative stress; antioxidant activity; redox homeostasis

Online: 22 December 2023 (15:07:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1543.v1

Effects of Lincomycin and Faecal Bacterial Stress on Intestinal Metabolite Composition of Weaned Tibetan Piglets

Mingxuan Zhao, Jian Zhang, Fuzhou Liu, Lv Luo, Mingbang Wei, Yourong Ye, Yangzom Chamba, Peng Shang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Weaned piglets; metabonomics; Tibetan medicine; diarrhea; growth performance

Online: 20 December 2023 (15:55:39 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1486.v1

Radiological Anatomy, Variations, and Clinical Significance of Septum Pellucidum: A Mini-Review

Shirom Rajeev Siriwardana, Chamitha Kaveendra Pathirage

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: ; septum pellucidum; cavum septum pellucidum; cavum vergae; cavum veli interpositi

Online: 20 December 2023 (11:01:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0707.v2

Ultrasound Experimental Approach for Knee Intra-articular Femur-Tibia Movements at Different Loads

Ivan Ivanov, Sergey Ranchev

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: knee joint biomechanics; ultrasound scanning; femur-tibia distance

Online: 12 December 2023 (05:34:30 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0465.v1

The Thirty-Fifth Anniversary of K+ Channels in O2 Sensing: What We Know and What We Don’t Know.

Asuncion Rocher, Philip Irving Aaronson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: O2 sensing; carotid body; hypoxia; hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction; BKCa channel; KV channel; TASK channel; mitochondria; reactive oxygen species; redox

Online: 7 December 2023 (07:11:34 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0052.v1

The Past, Present, Future: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Human Skin Diseases

Niki Ebrahimnejad, Heidi Goodarzi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: skin disease; skin cancer; diagnostics; treatments

Online: 1 December 2023 (08:12:16 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1772.v1

Identification of Putative Causal Relationships Between Blood-Based Biomarkers and Prediabetes-Induced Senescence: A Comprehensive Review

Nonkululeko Avril Mbatha, Aganze Gloire-Aime Mushebenge, Andile Khathi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: prediabetes; senescence; blood-based biomarkers; aging; age-related diseases; inflammation; oxidative stress; vascular dynamics; metabolic disorders; chronic inflammation

Online: 29 November 2023 (04:48:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1362.v1

Evaluating the Efficacy of Eccentric Half-Squats for Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Jump Ability in Male Jumpers

Theodoros M. Kannas, Georgios Chalatzoglidis, Elli Arvanitidou, Nicolas Babault, Christos Paizis, Fotini Arabatzi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: post-activation performance enhancement; eccentric half-squat; squat jump; countermovement jump; jumping height; rest

Online: 22 November 2023 (03:29:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1166.v1

Acid-Sensing Ion Channels Immunoreactivity in Nerve Profiles and Glomus Cells of the Human Carotid Body

Graciela Martínez-Barbero, Yolanda García-Mesa, Ramón Cobo, Patricia Cuendias, Benjamín Martín-Biedma, Olivia García-Suárez, Jorge Feito, Teresa Cobo, José A. Vega

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: carotid body; glomus cells; nerves; acid-sensing ion channels; immunohistochemistry; human

Online: 20 November 2023 (07:38:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0675.v1

Prevalence of Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Villitis of Unknown Etiology in the Placenta of Saudi Women and Their Association with Baby Gender

Waleed Mohammed Aldahmash, Khaldoon Aljerian, Saleh Hamed Alwasel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Inflammatory Response Syndrome; VUE; chronic deciduitis; CD8; CD68; Placenta; gender

Online: 10 November 2023 (07:29:45 CET)

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Long-term health consequences are influenced by circumstances that occur during pregnancy. The confluence of the maternal and fetal circulations occurs at the placenta, which is the first or-gan to develop. Placental pathology can provide an accurate diagnosis of inflammation inside the amniotic sac. The pathological alterations of preterm placentas provide evidence for the causes of numerous perinatal pathologies, including spontaneous preterm births. This retrospec-tive study aimed to re-examine placentas regarded as normal by the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in our institution so that grading and staging of any evident inflammatory response could be evaluated and associated with baby gender. Eighty-four full-term placentas were col-lected after delivery. Placentas that were considered normal and were not sent to the histo-pathology department were taken. Morphological examination of fresh placenta was conducted. Full thicknesses of placenta samples were taken from central and marginal regions of placental disc. Fetal and maternal inflammatory responses syndrome were assessed. Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) and chronic deciduitis also were evaluated in the placenta. Immunohistochemis-try (IHC) was also performed to evaluate patterns of inflammation in the placenta using an-ti-CD8 and anti-CD68 antibodies. The correlation between the silent pathologies and clinical complications or involvement of developing fetal inflammatory response syndrome was meas-ured. In this study, seventeen (20%) maternal inflammatory samples and ten (12%) fetal inflam-matory samples showed inflammatory responses. The frequency of chronic deciduitis and villi-tis of unknown etiology was more remarkable among Saudi pregnant women than the previ-ously reported findings in the literature of placental pathology. The prevalence of fetal and ma-ternal inflammatory response was greater in the placentas of mothers of males than in placentas of female mothers. Grading placental inflammation usually predict the degree of maternal an-ti-fetal cellular rejection. Fetal inflammatory response syndrome usually goes unnoticed in Sau-di Arabia. There are differences in the inflammatory response in the placenta based on the sex of the newborn. Increasing the number of placental samples that must be sent for microscopic in-spection may be preferable due to their significance in identifying the causes of chronic disor-ders.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0570.v1

Physiological Effects of Weighted-Vest in Trail Running Athletes: A Pilot Study

Germán Jiménez-Redondo, Francisco Javier Martínez-Noguera, Pedro E. Alcaraz, Cristian Marín-Pagán

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Endurance; mountain running; lactate; stryd; performance; indirect calorimetry.; metabolism; overload

Online: 8 November 2023 (15:41:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.2039.v1

Near-Saturating Light Induces a Rapid Increase in cAMP and Activates PKA in Rod Outer Segments of the Frog Retina

Olga Chernyshkova, Natalia Erofeeva, Darya Meshalkina, Anna Balykina, Stepan Gambaryan, Michael Belyakov, Michael Firsov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: cAMP; PKA; retina; phototransduction; photoreceptors

Online: 31 October 2023 (08:37:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0723.v1

The Influence of Magnetic Fields including the Geomagnetic Field of Earth on Complex Life Forms: A Silent “Partner” in Human Health and Disease?

David A. Hart

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Geomagnetic field, Local magnetic fields, Iron ions, Exogenous magnetic fields, Human evolution, Magnetic fields and cognition, Human health, Human disease, Risks of space flight

Online: 11 October 2023 (12:19:27 CEST)

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Life on Earth evolved to accommodate the biochemical and biophysical boundary conditions of the planet millions of years ago. The former includes nutrients, water, and ability to synthesize other needed chemicals. The latter include the 1 g gravity of the planet, radiation, and the geomagnetic field (GMF)of the planet. How complex life forms have accommodated the GMF is not known in detail considering that Homo sapiens evolved a neuro system and a cardiovascular system that develops electromagnetic fields as part of their functioning. In addition, many proteins and physiologic processes utilize Fe ions, an ion that exhibits magnetic properties. Thus, complex organisms such as current humans generate magnetic fields, contain significant quantities of the Fe ion, and also respond to exogenous-supplied static and electromagnetic fields. Whether humans can store information in self-generated magnetic fields remains to be determined. Given the current body of literature, it remains somewhat unclear how Homo sapiens use exogenous magnetic fields to regulate function, and what can happen if the boundary condition of the GMF of Earth is no longer exerting an effect. Proposed deep space flights to destinations such as Mars will provide some insights as space flight could not have been anticipated by evolution. The results of such space flight “experiments” will provide new insights in the role of magnetic fields on human functioning. The outcomes may also have implications for those on Earth as magnetic field influences may play a role in developmental conditions such as autism and senescence-associated conditions such as dementia when integration of the biological and biophysical aspects of humans of humans are required for effective functioning. This review will discuss the involvement of magnetic fields on various normal and disturbed processes in humans while on Earth and then further discuss potential outcomes when the GMF is no longer available to impact host systems. Thus, the GMF of the Earth has been present throughout evolution but details of its role in human functions still remain to be elucidated.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1843.v2

The Structural Adaptations that Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle

Ramy K. A. Sayed, Jamie E. Hibbert, Kent W. Jorgenson, Troy A. Hornberger

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: disuse; fascicle; hypoplasia; longitudinal atrophy; muscle fibers; myofibril; myofilaments; radial atrophy; sarcomere

Online: 30 September 2023 (10:02:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2047.v1

Anatomical Cross Sections and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Juvenile Atlantic Puffin Head (Aves, Alcidae, Fratercula arctica)

Marcos Fumero-Hernández, Mario Encinoso, Ayose Melian, Himar Artiles, Doaa Salman, José Raduan Jaber Mohamad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: anatomical section; magnetic resonance imaging; head; seabirds; Atlantic puffin

Online: 29 September 2023 (04:44:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1592.v1

Effect of Different Local Vibration Durations on Knee Extensors’ Maximal Isometric Strength

Nicolas Amiez, Stella Zwgrafou, Tom Timbert, Alain Martin, Spyridon Methenitis, Nicolas Babault, Christos Paizis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: local vibration; maximal voluntary isometric strength; knee extensor

Online: 25 September 2023 (10:06:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1640.v1

Does Regulated Deficit Irrigation Affect Pear Fruit Texture by Modifying the Stone Cells?

Jesús D. Peco, Hava F Rapoport, Ana Centeno, David Pérez-López

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Pyrus communis; pear; regulated deficit irrigation; stone cells; fruit quality

Online: 25 September 2023 (06:16:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1702.v1

Superior Rectal Artery Preservation in Laparoscopic-Assisted Subtotal Colectomy and Ileorectal Anastomosis for Slow-Transit Constipation

Ta-Wei Pu, Yu-Hong Liu, Jung-Cheng Kang, Je-Ming Hu, Chao-Yang Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: slow-transit constipation; superior rectal artery; anastomosis leakage

Online: 24 August 2023 (08:07:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1424.v1

The Brain Endothelial Cell Glycocalyx Plays a Crucial Role in The Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Melvin R Hayden

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Blood-brain barriier; Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier; Endothelial glycocalyx; Enlarged perivascular spaces; Metabolic Syndrome; Neuroinflammation; Obesity; Perivascular spaces; T2DM

Online: 21 August 2023 (08:06:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0726.v1

POSTURE OF HEALTHY SUBJECTS MODULATED BY TRANSCUTANEOUS SPINAL CORD STIMULATION

Natalia Shamantseva, Olga Timofeeva, Alisa Gvozdeva, Irina Andreeva, Tatiana Moshonkina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: postural control; spinal cord; transcutaneous electrical stimulation; healthy subjects; cognitive style; supporting leg

Online: 9 August 2023 (08:10:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0430.v1

CAM Model: Intriguing Natural Bioreactor for Sustainable Research and Reliable/Versatile Testing

Carla Palumbo, Federica Sisi, Marta Checchi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM); angiogenesis; organotypic culture; engineered 3D scaffold

Online: 7 August 2023 (03:01:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0041.v1

Entropy Generation and Control: Criteria to Calculate Flow Optimization in Biological Systems

José Eduardo Pereira Wilken Bicudo, Pedro Goes Nogueira-de-Sá, José Guilherme Chaui-Berlinck

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: entropy generation; control; elasticities; flow; optimality; physiology; biology; thermodynamics

Online: 1 August 2023 (10:41:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2061.v1

Effect of Different Warm-Up Durations on the Plasma Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Following Anaerobic Exercise in Amateur Handball Players

Abdessalem Koubaa, Sirine Koubaa, Mohamed Elloumi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: warm-up; oxidative stress; anaerobic exercise; handball players

Online: 31 July 2023 (10:49:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1820.v1

The Effect of Bodyweight Support and Incline Running on Triceps Surae Electromyographic Activity

Tom Timbert, Nicolas Babault, Spyridon Methenitis, Carole Cometti, Nicolas Amiez, Christos Paizis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: injury prevention; body weight support; electromyography; fatigue; slope; uphill running

Online: 27 July 2023 (04:49:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0980.v1

Cystathionine gamma lyase is regulated by flow and controls smooth muscle migration in human saphenous vein

Shuang Zhao, Céline Deslarzes-Dubuis, Severine Urfer, Martine Lambelet, Sébastien Déglise, Florent Allagnat

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Cystathionine gamma-Lyase, intimal hyperplasia, venous bypass

Online: 14 July 2023 (07:58:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2241.v1

Deciphering the Dichotomy: The Role of Glucocorticoid Receptor Isoforms in Cortisol’s Paradoxical Impact on Reproduction and Pregnancy

Sreeparna Bhaumik, Jack Lockett, James Cuffe, Vicki L Clifton

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: glucocorticoid receptor; reproduction; pregnancy; stress

Online: 4 July 2023 (03:29:11 CEST)

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Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and associated changes in circulating levels of glucocorticoids are integral to an organism's response to stressful stimuli. Glucocorticoids acting via glucocorticoid receptors (GR) play a role in fertility, reproduction, placental function, and fetal development. GRs are ubiquitously expressed throughout the female reproductive system and regulate normal reproductive function. Stress induced glucocorticoids have been shown to inhibit reproduction and affect female gonadal function by supressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis at each level. Furthermore, during pregnancy, a mother's exposure to prenatal stress or external glucocorticoids can result in long-lasting alterations to the fetal HPA and neuroendocrine function. Several GR isoforms generated via alternative splicing or translation initiation from the GR gene have been identified in the mammalian ovary and uterus. The GR isoforms identified include the splice variants, GRα and GRβ, GRγ and GR-P. Glucocorticoids can exert both stimulatory and inhibitory effects and both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in the ovary, in vitro. In the placenta, thirteen GR isoforms have been identified in human, guinea pig, sheep, rat and mouse indicating it is conserved across species and may be important in mediating a differential response to stress. Distinctive responses to glucocorticoids, differential birth outcomes in pregnancy complications, and sex-based variations in the response to stress could all potentially be dependent on a particular GR expression pattern. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of the GR in relation to female fertility and reproduction and discusses the changes in GR and glucocorticoid signalling during pregnancy. This review will delve into the existing understanding of GR isoforms and explore the possible roles that these distinct isoforms may have in regulating glucocorticoid signalling, along with their impact on gonadal activity, placental function, and fetal growth.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0416.v1

Evolution and Development of Extra-Ocular Nerves and Muscles in Vertebrates

Bernd Fritzsch

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: oculomotor neurons; trochlear motor neurons; abducens motor neurons; extraocular eye muscles; vestibular nuclei connections

Online: 6 June 2023 (08:21:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2165.v1

Cranial Investigations of Crested Porcupine (Hystrix cristata) by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Anatomical Gross-sections

Daniel Morales Bordon, Mario Encinoso Quintana, Alberto Arencibia, José Raduan Jaber

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; gross sections; rodents; head anatomy; CNS; crested porcupine

Online: 31 May 2023 (03:40:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1643.v1

The Brain Cannot Take Up Polyamines from the Blood Stream Leaving It Solely Dependent on Local Biosynthesis As Demonstrated Here with the Aid of Biotinylated Spermine

Torsten Weiss, René Bernard, Gregor Laube, Julian Rieck, Misty Eaton, Serguei N Skatchkov, Rüdiger W. Veh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Polyamines; blood brain barrier; local biosynthesis; metabolism; protoplasmic astrocytes; fibrous astrocytes

Online: 23 May 2023 (10:40:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1541.v1

Butyrate Protects Myenteric Neurons Loss in Mice Following Ex-Perimental Ulcerative Colitis

Marcos Antônio Ferreira Caetano, Henrique Inhauser Riceti Magalhães, Jheniffer Rayane de Lima Duarte, Laura Barbosa Conceição, Patricia Castelucci

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Inflammatory bowel diseases; Short-chain fatty acids; Gut microbiota; Butyrate; Enteric nervous system; Free fatty acid receptor 3; GPR41.

Online: 23 May 2023 (03:24:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1294.v1

Effect of Frost on the Different Metabolites of Two Mulberry (Morus nigra L. and Morus alba L.) Leaves

Lu Yang, Jiuyang Zhao, Shaoli Fan, Jinfa Liao, Yicun Chen, Yangdong Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: mulberry leaf; frost; metabolomics; DNJ alkaloid; flavonoid

Online: 18 May 2023 (08:01:00 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1129.v1

Lymphatics — Future Perspectives Unrealized Potential

Philip David Houck, Hari function and Dandapantula, Janet Massey

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Lymphangiontrope; salt sensitivity; cardiorenal syndrome; SGLT2 inhibitors; Down’s syndrome; depression; schizophrenia; C Reactive Protein

Online: 16 May 2023 (08:51:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0949.v1

Determining the Relationship between Physical Capacities, Metabolic Capacities and Dynamic Three-Point Shooting Accuracy in Professional Female Basketball Players

Mingxiang Zhang, Xiangjun Miao, Tomislav Rupčić, Pierpaolo Sansone, Tomáš Vencúrik, Feng Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: basketball skills; physical fitness; basketball testing; dynamic shooting; shooting accuracy

Online: 12 May 2023 (13:21:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0283.v1

A Unique Specific Jumping Test for Measuring Explosive Power in Basketball Players: Validity and Reliability

Asaf Shalom, Roni Gottlieb, Pedro Emilio Alcaraz, Julio Calleja-Gonzalez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Performance analysis of sport; fitness field test; explosive power; jumping; basketball.

Online: 5 May 2023 (03:16:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0160.v1

Reaction of Mandarins to Alternaria Brown Spot and Huanglongbing: Identification of Potential Varieties for These Diseases Management in the Field

Marines Bastianel, Rodrigoi Martinelli, Fernando Trevizan Devite, Mariangela Cristofany-Yaly, Rodrigo do Vale Ferrreira, Eduardo Sanches Stuchi, Fernando Alves de Azevedo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: severity; citrus breeding; varieties

Online: 3 May 2023 (14:44:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0247.v1

Morphology of the Ventral Process of the Sixth Cervical Vertebra in Extinct and Extant Equus: Functional Implications

Sharon May-Davis, Robert Hunter, Richard White

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Caudal ventral tubercle (CVT); Cranial ventral tubercle (CrVT); Equus ferus caballus; Longus colli; Sixth cervical vertebra (C6); Ventral tubercle.

Online: 12 April 2023 (06:07:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0512.v2

Fewer and Farther Between: Decoupling Changing Abundance and Timing to Characterize Distributional Patterns and Movements of Longfin Smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) In the San Francisco Estuary

Vanessa Tobias, Randall Baxter

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: fish; functional data analysis; long-term monitoring; habitat; occupancy; modeling; California

Online: 21 March 2023 (10:25:11 CET)

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Coincident changes in abundance and behavior pose a challenge for interpreting abundance data from monitoring programs. In the San Francisco Estuary, long-term monitoring documented the declines of many species including the anadromous Longfin Smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys). We identified seasonal patterns in reginal presence of Longfin Smelt through its life cycle using monitoring data and generalized additive modelling. We then investigated the year-to-year variability in the seasonal patterns of presence using functional data analysis (FDA). FDA separated the variability due to population size from variability due to differences in timing of presence. We found that Longfin Smelt have consistent seasonal distribution patterns and that two trawl types were needed to accurately describe those patterns. After accounting for variability due to year-class strength, shifts in the timing of presence were evident in three regions. The most variable period for the upstream regions Suisun Bay and West Delta was for age-0 fish in summer and for the downstream region Central Bay was for age-0 fish in late fall. This manifested as a delay in the typical fall re-occupation of upstream regions that comprise the study area for another monitoring study (Fall Midwater Trawl). Thus, a portion of the recent reductions in Fall Midwater Trawl abundance of Longfin Smelt resulted from changes in behavior rather than a decline in abundance. The presence of multiple monitoring surveys allowed analysis of distribution from one data set to aid interpretation of patterns in abundance from another monitoring survey. This study highlights how identifying portions of the life cycle with the most and least variability in distribution can help inform the types of management strategies that will be most effective. It also illustrates an analytical method that can be used to address the problem of confounded effects of abundance and behavior on patterns in monitoring data.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0192.v1

The Human Extracellular Matrix Diseasome Reveals Genotype-Phenotype Associations with Clinical Implications for Age-Related Diseases

Cyril Statzer, Karan Luthria, Arastu Sharma, Maricel G. Kann, Collin Y. Ewald

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Phenome; Matrisome; Matreotype; Phenotype; Extracellular Matrix; Data Mining; SNP; PheWAS; GWAS; Electronic Health Records; Drug Repurposing; Precision Medicine; Collagen; Human

Online: 10 March 2023 (09:34:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0159.v1

The Emerging Roles of the Cephalic Neural Crest in Brain Development and Developmental Encephalopathies

Emmanuel Bruet, Diego Amarante-Silva, Tatiana Gorojankina, Sophie Creuzet

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: neural crest; mesectoderm; embryology; evolution; forebrain development

Online: 9 March 2023 (01:25:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0064.v1

Observation of a 10-day Therapeutic Fast of An Obese Female

Alison Purvis, Alan Ruddock, Dave Hembrough, Mayur Ranchordas, David Claxton

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Fasting; weight loss; obese; ketones.

Online: 3 March 2023 (09:08:53 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0268.v3

Cryptic Persistence of Truncated Abdominal Legs in Insects Enabled Diverse Outgrowths with Novel Functions

Heather S. Bruce, Nipam H. Patel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: arthropod; leg; evo-devo; exite

Online: 23 February 2023 (04:09:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0337.v1

The Role of a Lung Vascular Endothelium Enriched Gene TMEM100

JiaKai Pan, Bin Liu, Zhiyu Dai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Pulmonary vasculature; BMP signaling; angiogenesis; vascular biology; lung

Online: 20 February 2023 (09:39:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0247.v3

Four‑stage Evolution of Diabetes or Whole‑body Insulin Resistance (WBIR) Driven by Sequential Progression of Tissue‑specific Glycation‑induced Insulin Resistance (GIIR)

Song Jae LEE, Sang Won Shin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: obesity; obesity paradox; diabetes; insulin resistance (IR); whole body insulin resistance (WBIR); tissue specific insulin resistance; muscle insulin resistance (MIR); subcutaneous insulin resistance (s AIR); visceral adipose insulin resistance (v AIR); hepatic insulin resistance (HIR); lipid induced insulin resistance (LIIIR); glycation induced insulin resistance (GIIIR); metabolic syndrome

Online: 14 February 2023 (09:38:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0084.v1

A Comparative Analysis of Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis Alterations by Chronic Consumptions of Broiler and Domestic Chicken Meats in Postnatal Sprague Dawley Male Rats

Muhammad Aslam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Domestic chicken; Broiler chicken; Testosterone; Oxidative stress

Online: 6 February 2023 (07:38:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0546.v1

Expression of Exploratory Activity of Rat Offspring Depends On the Expression of Exploratory Activity of Their Parents at the Moment of Mating

Sergey K. K. Sudakov, Natalia G. Bogdanova, Galina A. Nazarova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: motor activity; orienting exploratory activity; epigenetic inheritance; conception; rats

Online: 30 January 2023 (07:53:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0339.v1

Acss2 Deletion Reveals Functional Versatility via Tissue-Specific Roles in Transcriptional Regulation

Narayanan Puthillathu Vasudevan, Dharmendra K. Soni, John R. Moffett, Jishnu K.S. Krishnan, Abhilash P. Appu, Sarani Ghoshal, Peethambaran Arun, John M. Denu, Thomas P. Flagg, Roopa Biswas, Aryan M. Namboodiri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: acetate; acetyl-coenzyme A; ATP citrate lyase; acetyl-CoA synthetase; acetylation; transcriptional regulation

Online: 19 January 2023 (01:40:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0376.v2

A Fresh View at Sports PSM-Systems

Vladimir Savostyanov, Alexander Kobelev

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Sport; Heart Rate; Breathe Rate; Monitoring; Functional Athlete Readiness; Impedance; Rheography

Online: 6 January 2023 (02:04:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0100.v1

Are Antarctic Fish Adapted to Face Global Changes? A Study on Antioxidant Enzymes Gene Expression in Trematomus newnesi from Ross Sea, Experimentally Exposed to PFOA

Sara Pacchini, Elisabetta Piva, Sophia Schumann, Paola Irato, Daniela Pellegrino, Gianfranco Santovito

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Antarctic fish; antioxidant enzymes; oxidative stress; gene expression; PFAS

Online: 5 January 2023 (04:50:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0196.v1

SARS-CoV-2 PCR Persistence and Duration of COVID-19 Symptoms in Health Professionals

Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini, Ludmila Fiorenzano Baethgen, Richard Steiner Salvato, Ivone Andreatta Menegolla, CEVS COVID-19 Team, Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; PCR persistent positive; respiratory infection; COVID-19

Online: 12 December 2022 (09:04:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0074.v1

Bone Laser Patterning to Decipher Cells Organization

Nicolas Touya, Samy Al-Bourgol, Theo Desigaux, Olivia Kérourédan, Laura Gemini, Rainer Kling, Raphaël Devillard

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: tissue engineering; bone; laser; femtosecond; patterning; direct

Online: 5 December 2022 (10:26:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0542.v1

Lobe X of the Cerebellum: A Natural Neuro-resistant Region

Carlos Hernández-Pérez, Eduardo Weruaga, David Díaz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Cerebellum; lobe X; neurodegeneration; neuro-resistance

Online: 29 November 2022 (08:41:51 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0095.v2

Fatty Acid Metabolism in Endothelial Cell

Bin Liu, Zhiyu Dai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: endothelium; vascular biology; lipid; angiogenesis

Online: 28 November 2022 (02:22:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0320.v1

Potential Synergistic Supplementation of NAD+ Promoting Compounds as a Strategy for Increasing Healthspan

Arastu Sharma, Sophie Chabloz, Elisabeth M. Roider, Collin Y. Ewald

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; longevity; supplements; geroprotectors; SIRT1; NAD+; NMN; resveratrol; nutraceuticals; age-related diseases; flavonoids; senolytics; healthspan

Online: 17 November 2022 (02:51:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0300.v1

Profiling of G-protein Coupled Receptors in Adipose Tissue and Differentiating Adipocytes Offers a Translational Resource for Obesity/Metabolic Research

Saeed Al Mahri, Meshail Okla, Mamoon Rashid, Shuja Shafi Malik, Jahangir Iqbal, Maria Al Ibrahim, Ghida Dairi, Amer Mahmood, Manikandan Muthurangan, Ahmed Yaqinuddin, Sameer Mohammad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: adipose tissue; adipogenesis; G-protein-coupled receptors; thermogenesis; obesity; metabolic syndrome

Online: 16 November 2022 (08:52:57 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0215.v1

Alterations in Kidney Structures Caused by Age Vary According to Sex and Dehydration Condition

Susana Quirós Cognuck, Lucas Ferreira de Almeida, Wagner L. Reis, Márcia S. Silva, Gislaine Almeida Pereira, Sandra V. Zorro, André S. Mecawi, Terezila Machado Coimbra, Lucila L.K. Elias, José Antunes Antunes Rodrigues

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; body composition; kidney; sex differences

Online: 11 November 2022 (03:53:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0458.v1

Early and Sustained Inflammatory State Induces Muscle Changes and Establishes Obesogenic Characteristics in Wistar Rats Exposed to MSG-Induced Obesity Model

Matheus Felipe Zazula, Diego Francis Saraiva, João Lucas Theodoro, Mônica Maciel, Eliel Vieira dos Santos Sepulveda, Bárbara Zanardini de Andrade, Mariana Laís Boaretto, Jhyslayne Ignácia Hoff Nunes Maciel, Gabriela Alves Bronczek, Gabriela Moreira Soares, Sara Cristina Sagae Schneider, Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini, Márcia Miranda Torrejais, Lucineia Fatima Chasko Ribeiro, Luiz Claudio Fernandes, Katya Naliwaiko

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: hyperinsulinemia; monosodium glutamate; metabolic syndrome; distress oxidative; pro-inflammatory profile; skeletal muscle fibre types.

Online: 31 October 2022 (01:00:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0242.v1

Discovery of Boar Pheromones and their Functional Role in Reproduction of Mouse Deer (Moschiola Indica)

Vinod Kumar, Shivakumara Manu, Karunakaran Caroline, Anupama Sekhar, Sajwan-Khatri Mamta, Mushkam Sandeep, Wasimuddin Wasimuddin, Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran, Govindhaswamy Umapathy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: pheromones; androstenone; mouse deer; metabolic pathway; reproduction; hormones

Online: 18 October 2022 (02:44:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0154.v1

The Immune Microenvironment in Epstein–Barr Virus-Positive Gastric Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Keran Sun, Jingyuan Ning, Xiuli Wang, Xiao-Bing Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Epstein–Barr virus; gastric cancer; immune microenvironment

Online: 11 October 2022 (10:43:36 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0127.v1

Detection of Human Case of Sylvatic Dengue Virus 2 During Routine Surveillance of Fever in Senegal, Kolda 2021

Idrissa Dieng, Samba Niang Sagne, Mignane Ndiaye, Mamadou Aliou Barry, Cheikh Talla, Moufid Mhamadi, Diamilatou Balde, Cheikh Talibouya toure, Boly Diop, Amadou Alpha Sall, Gamou Fall, Cheikh Loucoubar, Oumar Faye, Ousmane Faye

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Febrile patient; Kolda; Circulation; Sylvatic Dengue virus 2; 2021; One health

Online: 10 October 2022 (11:24:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0064.v2

Metallothionein Expression as Physiological Response Against Metal Toxicity in the Striped Rockcod Trematomus hansoni

Rigers Bakiu, Sara Pacchini, Elisabetta Piva, Sophia Schumann, Anna Maria Tolomeo, Diana Ferro, Paola Irato, Gianfranco Santovito

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Antarctica; antioxidants; cadmium; copper; fish; metallothioneins

Online: 6 October 2022 (09:57:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0377.v1

Calibrating A Comprehensive Immune Age Metric to Analyze the Cross Sectional Age-Related Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Peter Bröde, Maren Claus, Patrick D. Gajewski, Stephan Getzmann, Klaus Golka, Jan G. Hengstler, Edmund Wascher, Carsten Watzl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; immunosenescence; physical fitness; physical activity; obesity; sex

Online: 26 September 2022 (05:00:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0367.v1

Physical Impact of a Typical Training Session With Different Volumes on the Day Preceding a Match in Academy Soccer Players

Tom Douchet, Christos Paizis, Nicolas Babault

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Tapering; Workload; Performance; Microcycle; Youth

Online: 23 September 2022 (09:27:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0235.v1

Lipid Dys-Homeostasis Contributes to APOE4 Associated AD Pathology

Adina-Nicoleta Lazar, Linda Hanbouch, Lydie Boussicaut, Baptiste Fourmaux, Patricia Daira, Mark John Millan, Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac, Marie-Claude Potier

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: lipid homeostasis; APOE4; Alzheimer’s Disease; Aβ peptide; tau

Online: 16 September 2022 (02:57:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0120.v1

The Bioactive Phenolic Agents Diaryl Ether CVB2-61 and Diarylheptanoid CVB4-57 as Connexin Hemichannel Blocker

Anne Dierks, Corinne Vanucci-Bacqué, Anne-Marie Schäfer, Tina Lehrich, Frederike Ruhe, Patrik Schadzek, Florence Bedos-Belval, Anaclet Ngezahayo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: connexin channels; inflammation signals; dye uptake; transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER); polyphenols; curcuminoids; Calu-3 cells

Online: 8 September 2022 (08:22:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0020.v1

Macroscopic and Histological Descriptive Gonadal Study in Different Stages of Sexual Maturity of the Burmeister’s Porpoise Phocoena spinipinnis from Peru

Diana Vega, Koen Van Waerebeek, Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto, Julio C. Reyes, Marie-Francoise Van Bressem

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Burmeister’s porpoise; reproduction; sexual maturity; testes; ovarian corpora

Online: 1 September 2022 (10:19:45 CEST)

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The morphology and maturation process of gonads of 70 Burmeister´s porpoises, with body lengths ranging 135–183 cm (n= 34 females) and 64.5-182 cm (n= 36 males) were described. Samples were collected in six ports of central and northern Peru in 1987-1999. In the field, females were classified as immature, mature (resting, lactating, pregnant) and males as immature, pubescent and mature based on, respectively, the presence of ovarian corpora and the relative quantity of semen in cut epididymides. The ovaries of P. spinipinnis are ovoid or bean-shaped and flattened, with corpora modifying surface appearance. In the laboratory, ovaries were examined macro- and microscopically, measured, weighed and sliced in 1-3 mm sections. The number of corpora ovarica (lutea, albicantia, atretica) found in each ovary as well as their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics were documented in some detail. The follicles, their oocytes and nucleus were measured. Follicular development in P. spinipinnis is predominantly left-sided, but occurs in both ovaries in 16.3% of females, mainly in those with numerous corpora. Macroscopically, several corpora atretica with luteinization had characteristics similar to those of corpora albicantia, making microscopic determination essential. Inconclusive evidence of recent ovulation was found in January. Two of three immature females showed good follicular development in March and April. The body length at 50% sexual maturity in females was estimated at 152.7 cm. There was no evidence of reproductive senescence. The testes of P. spinipinnis are elongated and cylindrical. Of the 36 males examined macroscopically, 7 were immature, 5 pubescent and 24 mature. The histological analysis determining the presence and abundance of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa, the relative amount of interstitial tissue, the elongation and mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the relative size of the lumen allowed to confidently determine sexual maturity status. The field evaluation of maturity based on the presence of sperm in the epididymides is a useful but, in 8.3% of cases, not exact method. For males the body length at 50% sexual maturity was estimated at 157 cm. No histological evidence of male reproductive seasonality was found. Spermatogenesis was perceptible year-round and tubule diameters had non-specific variations for each month.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0510.v1

Action Potential and Water Molecules

Hirohisa Tamagawa, Toi Nakahata, Ren Sugimori, Bernard Delalande, Titus Mulembo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: membrane potential; water; adsorption; structured water

Online: 30 August 2022 (06:00:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0468.v1

Mechanistic insights into the biochemical and pharmacological profile of esculetin

Sourbh Suren Garg, Jeena Gupta, Debasis Sahu, Chuan Ju Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: esculetin; cancer; oxidative stress; inflammation; arthritis; diabetes; fatty liver

Online: 29 August 2022 (05:25:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0385.v1

Gompertz Kinetics in Developmental Fields: An Information Theory Approach

Steven Baranowitz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Developmental Field; Gompertz Equation; Information Theory; Developmental Biology

Online: 22 August 2022 (15:42:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0248.v1

Additional Proposed Tests of the Soliton/Wave-Action Potential Model, and How the Thermodynamic/Theory-Based Philosophical Approach Abandons the Scientific Method

Scott Meissner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: action potential; soliton/wave; lipid phase transition; scientific method; membrane

Online: 15 August 2022 (04:27:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0142.v1

Glycophagy – the Physiological Perspective on A Newly Characterized Glycogen-Selective Autophagy

Lea M.D. Delbridge, Parisa Koutsifeli, Sarah P.T. Fong, Marco Annandale, Kate L. Weeks, James R. Bell, Kimberley M. Mellor

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: glycogen; autophagy; lysosome; Stbd1; Gabarapl1; acid α-glucosidase (Gaa)

Online: 8 August 2022 (09:58:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0456.v1

Effectiveness of Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet in the Management of Overweight Women: the Prospective Interventional Cohort Study

Jana Poráčová, Ivan Uher, Hedviga Vašková, Tatiana Kimáková, Milena Švedová, Mária Konečná, Marta Mydlárová Blaščáková, Vincent Sedlák

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Mediterranean Diet; weight loss; determinants of health; healthy lifestyle; clinically significant weight loss

Online: 29 July 2022 (09:52:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0436.v1

SUMOylation in Skeletal Development, Homeostasis, and Disease

Tao Yang, Huadie Liu, Sonya E. L. Craig, Vladimir Molchanov, Joe Floramo, Yaguang Zhao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: SUMO; MSC; osteoblast; chondrocyte; osteoclast; signaling pathway; arthritis; osteosarcoma; developmental disorders

Online: 28 July 2022 (09:04:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0258.v1

Melatonin Decreases Acute Inflammatory Response to Neural Probe Insertion

Daniela D. Krahe, Kevin M. Woeppel, Qianru Yang, Neetu Kushwah, Xinyan Tracy Cui

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Melatonin; glial scar; insertion trauma; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant

Online: 18 July 2022 (10:08:28 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0083.v1

Screening Biophysical Sensors and Actuators that Influence Wound Healing in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons

Vaibhav Pai, Ben Cooper, Michael Levin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: bioelectricity; ion flux; membrane potential; live sensor dyes; pH; serotonin; acetylcholine; GABA; hiNSC

Online: 6 July 2022 (03:52:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0329.v1

Prevalence of CAH-X Syndrome in Italian Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

Rosa Maria Paragliola, Alessia Perrucci, Laura Foca, Andrea Urbani, Paola Concolino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: congenital adrenal hyperplasia; Ehlers Danlos Syndrome; CAH-X syndrome

Online: 24 June 2022 (04:09:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0284.v1

Building Consensus around the Assessment and Interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae Diversity

Sarah Davies, Matthew H. Gamache, Lauren I. Howe-Kerr, Nicola G. Kriefall, Andrew C. Baker, Anastazia T. Banaszak, Line K. Bay, Anthony J. Bellantuono, Debashish Bhattacharya, Cheong Xin Chan, Danielle C. Claar, Mary Alice Coffroth, Ross Cunning, Simon K. Davy, Javier del Campo, Erika M. Diaz-Almeyda, Jorg C. Frommlet, Lauren E. Fuess, Raul A. Gonzalez-Pech, Tamar L. Goulet, Kenneth D. Hoadley, Emily J. Howells, Benjamin C. C. Hume, Dustin W. Kemp, Carly, D. Kenkel, Sheila A. Kitchen, Todd C. LaJeunesse, Senjie Lin, Shelby McIlroy, Ryan McMinds, Matthew R. Nitschke, Clinton A. Oakley, Raquel S. Peixoto, Carlos Prada, Hollie M. Putnam, Kate Quigley, Hannah G. Reich, James Davis Reimer, Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty, Stephanie Rosalas, Osama S. Saad, Eugenia M. Sampayo, Scott Santos, Eiichi Shoguchi, Edward G. Smith, Michael Stat, Timothy G. Stephens, Marie E. Strader, David J. Suggett, Timothy D. Swain, Cawa Tran, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Christian R. Voolstra, Mark E. Warner, Virginia M. Weis, Rachel Wright, Tingting Xiang, Hiroshi Yamashita, Maren Ziegler, Adrienne M.S. Correa, John Everett Parkinson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Symbiodinaceae; genetic diversity; coral symbiosis

Online: 21 June 2022 (04:49:04 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0122.v2

Evidence for the Presence of Synovial Sheaths Surrounding the Extensor Tendons at the Metacarpophalangeal Joints

Yousra Dakkak, Bastiaan van Dijk, Friso Jansen, Lambertus Wisse, Monique Reijnierse, Annette van der Helm-van Mil, Marco de Ruiter

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: tendon sheath; metacarpophalangeal; rheumatoid arthritis; tenosynovitis; peritendinitis; anatomy

Online: 8 June 2022 (12:29:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0161.v2

Human Muscle Spindles are Wired to Function as Controllable Signal-processing Devices

Michael Dimitriou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: muscle spindle; proprioception; sensorimotor; fusimotor; signal processing; human

Online: 6 June 2022 (09:17:09 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0048.v1

Morphometric Characterization of the Asymmetry in the Mandible of the Ferret (Mustela putorius furo Linnaeus, 1758)

Pere M. Parés-Casanova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: craniofacial; laboratory animal; mental foramen; mental nerve; polecat

Online: 3 June 2022 (11:18:03 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0044.v1

Bony Orbital Form in Two Groups of Catarrhini Primates: How Asymmetrical Are They?

Pere M. Parés-Casanova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: drill; gorilla; mandrill; nonhuman primates; papio; stress

Online: 3 June 2022 (10:22:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0034.v1

Ca²⁺ Signaling and Hypoxia/Acidic Tumour Microenvironment Interplay in Tumour Progression

Madelaine Magalie Audero, Natalia Prevarskaya, Alessandra Fiorio Pla

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Ca2+ signaling; TRP channels; SOC channels; PIEZO channels tumour acidic microenvironment; hypoxia; tumour progression

Online: 2 June 2022 (11:10:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0400.v1

Effects of Pulsatile Flow Rate and Shunt Ratio in Bifurcated Distal Arteries on Hemodynamic Characteristics Involved in Two Patient-Specific Internal Carotid Artery Sidewall Aneurysms: A Numerical Study

Hang Yi, Mark Johnson, Luke C. Bramlage, Ludwig Bryan, Zifeng Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Internal carotid artery sidewall aneurysm (ICASA); hemodynamic behaviors; computational fluid dynamics (CFD); pulsatile flow rate (PFR); bifurcated shunt ratio; wall shear stress (WSS); oscillatory shear index (OSI); time-averaged pressure (TAP)

Online: 30 May 2022 (11:38:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0384.v1

Prussian Blue Nanoparticle-Mediated Scalable Thermal Stimulation for Neuronal Differentiation

Stefania Blasa, Mykola Borzenkov, Valentina Pastori, Lavinia Doveri, Piersandro Pallavicini, Giuseppe Chirico, Marzia Lecchi, Maddalena Collini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: nanoparticles; thermal stimulation; neuronal differentiation; neurite outgrowth; electrical activity; electrophysiology

Online: 27 May 2022 (12:00:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0365.v1

Structural Analysis of Fluid Flow in Complex Biological Systems

Robert Eisenberg

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Fluid flow; conservation laws; Bidomain model; glymphatic system

Online: 26 May 2022 (10:42:20 CEST)

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Biology is about structure. Structures within structures. Organs within animals, tissues within organs, cells within tissues, and molecules, often proteins within cells. The structures are so complex that they can only be described by numbers. No numbers are of more importance than those that describe proteins. The numbers that describe coordinates of its atoms, often determined by Patterson functions (which are inverse Fourier Transforms of intensities) of crystal diffraction. Without these numbers, structural biology would hardly exist. Without numbers, engineering would not exist. Numbers are surely needed by the engineers who produce the x-rays diffracting from atoms of protein crystals. Devices of engineering have function. They are built to implement equations. Engineering devices use structures to implement equations, when power is supplied at the right places, that produces appropriate flows. Flows are the essence of life. Equilibrium means death in most living systems. Flows in biological structures are hard to analyze because we do not know input output equations in advance. Sometimes we do not know their function. Flows, forces, and structures of life (like those of engineering) are related by field equations of conservation laws, partial differential equations, constrained by location and properties of structures. Constraints are boundary conditions located on the complicated domain of biological structure. Dealing with this complexity is simplified if one systematically analyzes structure using the most general field theory known, electricity described by the Maxwell equations, without significant known error. Currents are involved because flows of biology usually involve migration of charges, convection of water and solutes, diffusion of ions that form the plasma of life, and their interactions. Interactions can dominate function. Here I show how a few complex structures can be understood in engineering detail. This approach may be useful in dealing with biological and medical issues in many other cases. In one limited case—the clearance of a toxic waste (potassium ions) from the optic nerve—this approach seems to have succeeded.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0349.v1

Screening and Identification of Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dihydrodipicolinate Synthase Enzyme using In Silico and In Vitro Methods

Anasuya Bhargav, Pratibha Chaurasia, Nikita V. Ivanisenko, Vladimir A. Ivanisenko, Bhupesh Taneja, Srinivasan Ramachandran

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Docking; lead discovery; molecular dynamic simulation; tuberculosis; coupled assay

Online: 25 May 2022 (10:11:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0293.v1

Neuroprotective and Anti-Epileptic Potentials of Genus Artemisia L.

Bayan Sailike, Wei-Lin Jin, Sholpan Askarova, Altynay Adilbayeva, Janar Jenis, Burkitkan Akbay, Zhannur Omarova, Tursonjan Tokay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Genus Artemisia; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; antiapoptosis; anti-neuroinflammatory; neuropro-tective; cognitive function

Online: 23 May 2022 (10:20:52 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0212.v1

Biological Constraint as a Cause of Aging

David Gems, Carina Kern

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; antagonistic pleiotropy; biological constraint; hyperfunction; hypofunction; programmatic aging; trade-off

Online: 16 May 2022 (14:02:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0191.v1

Nonlinear Analysis of Beat-To-Beat Variability of Action Potential Time Series Data Identifies Dynamic Reentrant Substrates in a Hypokalaemic Mouse Model of Acquired Long QT Syndrome

Gary Tse, Jiandong Zhou, Xiuming Dong, Guoliang Hao, Sharen Lee, Keith Sai Kit Leung, Tong Liu, Yimei Du, Shuk Han Cheng, Wing Tak Wong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: repolarization variability; beat-to-beat; entropy; delayed repolarization; long QT

Online: 13 May 2022 (10:44:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0154.v1

Antioxidant Responses Induced by PFAS Exposure in Freshwater Fish in the Veneto Region

Elisabetta Piva, Sophia Schumann, Serena Dotteschini, Ginevra Brocca, Giuseppe Radaelli, Andrea Marion, Paola Irato, Daniela Bertotto, Gianfranco Santovito

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: antioxidant enzymes; freshwater fish; oxidative stress; PFAS; Veneto region

Online: 12 May 2022 (02:47:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0153.v1

Heterogeneities in Ventricular Conduction Following Treatment with Heptanol: A Multi-Electrode Array Study in Langendorff-Perfused Mouse Hearts

Xiuming Dong, Gary Tse, Guoliang Hao, Yimei Du

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: conduction; heterogeneity; inhomogeneity; dispersion; mouse; heptanol

Online: 11 May 2022 (13:08:36 CEST)

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Background: Previous studies have associated slowed ventricular conduction in the arrhythmogenesis mediated by the gap junction and sodium channel inhibitor heptanol in mouse hearts but did not study the propagation patterns that might contribute to the arrhythmic substrate. This study used a multi-electrode array mapping technique, to further investigate different conduction abnormalities in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts exposed to 0.1 or 2 mM heptanol. Methods: Multi-electrode array recordings were made from the left ventricular epicardium in spontaneously beating hearts, during right ventricular regular 8 Hz pacing or S1S2 pacing. Results: In spontaneously beating hearts, heptanol at 0.1 and 2 mM significantly reduced the heart rate from 314±25 to 189±24 and 157±7 bpm, respectively (ANOVA, P<0.05 and P<0.001). During regular 8 Hz pacing, Mean LATs were increased by 0.1 and 2 mM heptanol from 7.1±2.2 ms to 19.9±5.0 ms (P<0.05) and 18.4±5.7 ms (P<0.05). The standard deviation of mean LATs was increased from 2.5±0.8 ms to 10.3±4.0 ms and 8.0±2.5 ms (P< 0.05), and the median of phase differences was significantly increased from 1.7±1.1 ms to 13.9±7.8 ms and 12.1±5.0 ms by 0.1 and 2 mM heptanol (P<0.05). P5 took a value of 0.2±0.1 ms and was not significantly altered by heptanol at 0.1 or 2 mM (1.1±0.9 ms and 0.9±0.5 ms, P>0.05). P50 was increased from 7.3±2.7 ms to 24.0±12.0 ms by 0.1 mM heptanol and then to 22.5±7.5 ms by 2 mM heptanol (P< 0.05). P95 was increased from 1.7±1.1 ms to 13.9±7.8 ms by 0.1 mM heptanol and to 12.1±5.0 ms by 2 mM heptanol (P<0.05). These changes led to increases in the absolute inhomogeneity in conduction (P5-95) from 7.1±2.6 ms to 31.4±11.3 ms, 2 mM: 21.6±7.2 ms, respectively (P<0.05). The inhomogeneity index (P5-95/P50) was significantly reduced from 3.7±1.2 to 3.1±0.8 by 0.1 mM and then to 3.3±0.9 by 2 mM heptanol (P<0.05). Conclusion: Increased activation latencies, reduced CVs and increased dispersion index of conduction were associated with both spontaneous and induced ventricular arrhythmias.

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