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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0422.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Prion-Like Domains in Spike Proteins Enable Higher Affinity to ACE2

George Tetz, Victor Tetz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS; SARS-CoV-2 Prion-like domain

Online: 29 March 2020 (06:16:20 CEST)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Developing a Low-Cost and Accessible COVID-19 Vaccine for Global Health

Peter J. Hotez, Maria Elena Bottazzi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS 2; coronavirus

Online: 31 March 2020 (22:41:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0061.v1

Deep Learning Based Drug Screening for Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCov

Haiping Zhang, Konda Mani Saravanan, Yang Yang, Md. Tofazzal Hossain, Junxin Li, Xiaohu Ren, Yanjie Wei

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Coronavirus; Deep learning; Drug screening; homology modeling; main protease

Online: 5 February 2020 (10:59:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0277.v1

Anti-COVID-19 Effects of Ten Structurally Different Hydrolysable Tannins through Binding with the Catalytic-Closed Sites of COVID-19 Main Protease: An In-Silico Approach

Ibrahim Khalifa, Wei Zhu, Mohamed S. Nafie, Kunal Dutta, Chunmei Li

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; hydrolysable tannins; protease; molecular docking; structural-relationship activity

Online: 17 March 2020 (15:43:48 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0180.v1

Hypothesis: mPGES-1-Derived Prostaglandin E2, a So Far Missing Link in COVID-19 Pathophysiology?

Jan Smeitink, Xiaolan Jiang, Svetlana Pecheritsyna, Herma Renkema, Rob van Maanen, Julien Beyrath

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; prostaglandins; mPGES1 inhibitor; ARDS; sonlicromanol; KH176

Online: 12 April 2020 (04:36:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0130.v1

Inhibiting NF-κB During Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Potential Role of Natural Products as a Promising Therapeutic Approach

Jalal Mardaneh, Amirreza Nasirzadeh, Javad Bazeli, Jafar Hajavi, Mohammad Zahedi, Mahdi Abounoori, Alireza Razavi, Mohammad Moein Maddah, Parham Mortazavi, Mohammad Moradi, Fatemeh Salehi, Siamak Heidarzadeh, Mohammad Hosein Jafarzadeh Maivan, Afshin Shoeibi, Roohallah Alizadehsani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; Pandemic; Natural Products; NF-KB

Online: 4 June 2021 (10:00:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0230.v1

Evaluating the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Officially Recommended in China for COVID-19 Using Ontology-Based Side-Effect Prediction Framework (OSPF) and Deep Learning

Zeheng Wang, Liang Li, Jing Yan, Yuanzhe Yao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: side effect; tranditional Chinese medicine; COVID-19; artificial intelligence; coronavirus

Online: 17 February 2020 (01:18:13 CET)

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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan has imposed a huge influence onto the society in term of the public heath and economy. However, so far, no effective drugs or vaccines have been developed. Whereas, the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been considered as a promising supplementary treatment for the disease owing to its clinically proven performance on many diseases even like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Meanwhile, many side-effect (SE) reports suggest the SE of the TCM prescriptions cannot be ignored in curing the COVID-19, especially because COVID-19 always simultaneously leads to dramatic degradation of the patients’ physical condition. How to evaluate the TCM regarding to their latent SE is a urgent challenge. Aim of the study: In this study, we use an ontology-based side-effect prediction framework (OSPF) developed in our previous work and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based deep learning to evaluate the TCM prescriptions that are officially recommended in China for novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Materials and methods: Firstly, we adopted the OSPF developed in our previous work, where an ontology-based model separate all the ingredients in a TCM prescription into two categories: hot and cold. Then, we established a database by converting each TCM prescription into a vector containing the ingredient dosage and the according hot/cold attribution as well as the safe/unsafe label. And, we trained the ANN model using this database, after which a safety indicator (SI), as the complementary percentage of side-effect (SE) possibility, is then given for each TCM prescription. According to the proposed SI from high to low, we re-organize the recommended prescription list. Secondly, by using this method, we also evaluate the safety indicators of some other famous TCM prescriptions that are not in the recommended list but are used traditionally to cure flu-like diseases for extending the potential treatments. Results: Based on the SI generated in the ANN model, FTS, PMSP, and SF are the safest ones in recommended list, which all own a more-than-0.8 SI. Whereas, JHQG, LHQW, SFJD, XBJ, and SHL are the prescriptions that are most likely unsafe, where the indicators are all below 0.2. In the extra list, the indicators of XC, XQRS, CC, and CHBX are all above 0.8, and at the meantime, XZXS, SJ, QW, and KBD’s indicators are all below 0.2. Conclusions: In total, there are seven TCM prescriptions which own the indicators more than 0.8, suggesting these prescriptions should be considered firstly in curing COVID-19, if suitable. We believe this work will provide a reasonable suggestion for the society to choose proper TCM as the supplementary treatment for COVID-19. Besides, this work also introduces a pilot and enlightening method for creating a more reasonable recommendation list of TCM to other diseases.

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1883.v1

Semaglutide: A Promising Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder

Chelsi Patton, Amanda E Brooks, Benjamin D Brooks, Karma McKelvey

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Semaglutide; addiction; alcohol use

Online: 30 October 2023 (09:29:46 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0144.v1

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to mitigate immune dysregulation and coagulopathy in COVID-19

Julie Desbarats

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxine, vitamin B6, immune response, IL-6, TNF, type I interferon, lymphopenia, blood clotting, coagulopathy, cytokine storm, sphingosine-1-phosphate, kynurenine, inflammasome, serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2), hypertension, angiotensin

Online: 8 May 2020 (12:36:03 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0235.v1

Database of COVID-19 Cases Treated with Classical Homeopathy

Seema Mahesh, Petr Hoffmann, Cristiane Kajimura, IACH COVID Collaborators, George Vithoulkas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Homeopathy; Database

Online: 13 January 2023 (04:33:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0231.v1

The Green Bitter Weed (Hymenoxys odorato) Plant Extract Is Toxic to the Liver and Kidney of Wistar Rats

John Juma Ochieng, Isaac Echoru, Musa Ajibola Iyiola

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: green bitter weed; Hymenoxys odorato; liver and kidney toxicity

Online: 14 June 2018 (11:07:44 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0445.v1

COVID-19 Disease Severity Correlates with Smoking Status

Edouard Lansiaux, Pierre-Philippe Pébaÿ, Jean-Laurent Picard, Joachim Son-Forget

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Respiratory Distress; Tobacco Smoking; Correlation Statistics; Conditional Probability; Regression; China; U.S.A.

Online: 24 April 2020 (14:03:31 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0427.v1

Natural Immune Boosters as First-Line Armours to Combat Viral Infection-COVID19: Myth or Science?

Iqra Sarfraz, Azhar Rasul, Ghulam Hussain, Şevki Adem, Muhammad Ali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID19; natural immune boosters; vitamins; fruits and vegetables; sleep

Online: 29 March 2020 (08:26:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0025.v1

Health and Aging: Unifying Concepts, Scores, Biomarkers and Pathways

Georg Fuellen, Ludger Jansen, Alan A. Cohen, Walter Luyten, Manfred Gogol, Andreas Simm, Nadine Saul, Francesca Cirulli, Alessandra Berry, Peter Antal, Rüdiger Köhling, Steffen Möller

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: terminology, health, aging, biological age, wellbeing, biomarker

Online: 1 August 2018 (15:00:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0160.v2

Cranberries and Cancer: An Update of Preclinical Studies Evaluating the Cancer Inhibitory Potential of Cranberry and Cranberry Derived Constituents

Katherine M. Weh, Jennifer Clarke, Laura A. Kresty

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: cranberry; cancer; proanthocyanidin; quercetin; ursolic acid

Online: 18 August 2016 (07:44:23 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0395.v1

Beclabuvir can Inhibit the RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase of Newly Emerged Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

Kunal Dutta, Sergey Shityakov, Olga Morozova, Ibrahim Khalifa, Jin Zhang, Amiya Panda, Chandradipa Ghosh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2); RdRp; HCV; beclabuvir; in silico; molecular docking

Online: 26 March 2020 (15:18:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0025.v1

CRISPR-Based Assays for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

Vivek S. Javalkote, Nagesh Kancharla, Bhaskar Bhadra, Manish Shukla, Badrish Soni, Ajit Sapre, Michael Goodin, Anindya Bandyopadhyay, Santanu Dasgupta

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: CRISPR; Covid detection

Online: 4 June 2020 (06:03:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0419.v1

The in vitro Efficacy of Betadine Antiseptic Solution and Colloidal Silver Gel Combination in Inhibiting the Growth of Bacterial Biofilms

Phat Tran, Keaton Luth, Huy Dong, Ameesh Dev, Dilip Mehta, Kelly Mitchell, Keith Moeller, Cameron Moeller, Ted Reid

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Biofilm; Silver Gel; Betadine; Providone-Iodine; Antimicrobial

Online: 28 February 2020 (11:45:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0052.v1

Beneficial Effects of Pyridoxal Phosphate on Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Stress on Isolated Pancreatic Acinar Cells

Rajanna Ajumeera, Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: acinar cells; PLP; amylase; insulin secretion; FACS; viability; PDX-1

Online: 5 August 2016 (08:49:33 CEST)

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Aims: To study the effects of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) on oxidative stress in isolated pancreatic acinar cells. We have previously shown that PLP has cytoprotective and insulinotropic effects on mice islet cells in vivo and in vitro studies. Main methods: Acinar cells were isolated from three months old WNIN male rats and were cultured in vitro for a period of 24 h in CO₂ incubator. Later the cells were divided into four groups as untreated (group 1), H₂O₂treatment (group 2)_,PLP treatment (group 3) and PLP followed by H₂O₂ treatment (group 4). Cell viability was confirmed using MTT assays, oxidative stress levels were measured with ROS assay, change in different protein levels were recorded by flow cytometry. The acinar cells insulin secretion assay was performed with ELISA. The amylase protein expression was assessed using confocal microscopy. Key findings: The cell viability of acinar cell in group 1 was considered as 100%, while in group 2 it was reduced to 82% due to H₂O₂effect, and in group 3 (99.8%) and group 4 (99.5%) were near to group 1 due to the cytoprotective effect of PLP. The ROS levels were increased by 1.47 folds in group 2, while PLP decreased to 1.02 fold in group 4, which was comparable with the changes in group 1. Beneficial effects of PLP were also observed from the increased expression levels of acinar cells are amylase -2.01, neurogenin-3-9.51, PDX-1- 23.6 and insulin-13.5 in group 3 compared to group 1. The specificity of PLP’s response was confirmed by amino oxy acetic acid (AOAA), a specific PLP inhibitor. The increased amylase protein localization with PLP was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Insulin secretion efficiency of acinar cells was observed to be 6.13 folds higher at basal and 24.63 fold higher at stimulated levels in group3 compared to group1. Significance: Our results advocate the antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of PLP on the pancreatic acinar cell along with increased pancreatic marker expressions of amylase,PDX-1, neurogenin-3 and insulin proteins.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0614.v1

Mixed Effects and Mechanisms of Cannabinoids for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment

Khanh Tran

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Triple-negative breast cancer; cannabinoid; marijuana; cell signalling; medicinal plants

Online: 28 July 2021 (08:56:32 CEST)

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by the lack of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors, and HER-2 receptors. Thus, TNBC tumours do not benefit from the current therapies targeting ER or HER-2. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel treatment for this subtype of breast cancer. Marijuana is a common name given to Cannabis plants, a group of plants in the Cannabis genus of the Cannabaceae family. Cannabis plants are among the oldest cultivated crops, traced back at least 12,000 years and are well known for their multi-purpose usage, including medicinal purposes. The main active compounds extracted from Cannabis plants are 21-carbon-containing terpenophenolics, which are referred to as phytocannabinoids. Of these, the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) group contains highly potent cannabinoids, including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) and delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆8-THC), which are the most abundant THCs and are largely responsible for psychological and physiological effects of marijuana. The use of Cannabis plants for medicinal purposes was first recorded in 2337 BC in China, where Cannabis plants were used to treat pains, rheumatism, and gout. Recently, several cannabinoids have been approved for a number of treatments, one of which is the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy in cancer patients. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that cannabinoids not only attenuate side effects due to cancer treatment, but might also potentially possess direct antitumor effects in several cancer types, including breast cancer. However, anti-tumour activity of marijuana has been variable in different studies and even promoted tumour growth in some cases. In addition, the mechanisms of cannabinoid action in cancer remain unclear. This review summarizes evidence about the mixed actions of cannabinoids in cancer in general and triple-negative breast cancer in particular.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0076.v1

The Quest for a Vaccine against Coccidioidomycosis, A Neglected Disease of the Americas

Theo N. Kirkland

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Coccidioides immitis; Coccidioides posadasii; Coccidioidomycosis; vaccine; immunology; fungi; T-cell mediated immunity

Online: 15 December 2016 (07:24:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0111.v1

Applicability of Precision Medicine Approaches to Managing Hypertension in Rural Populations

Jacqueline R. Halladay, Kaitlin C. Lenhart, Kimberly Robasky, Wendell Jones, Wayne F. Homan, Doyle M. Cummings, Crystal W. Cené, Alan L. Hinderliter, Cassandra L. Miller, Katrina E. Donahue, Beverly A. Garcia, Thomas C. Keyserling, Alice S. Ammerman, Cam Patterson, Darren A. DeWalt, Larry F. Johnston, Monte S. Willis, Jonathan C. Schisler

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: hypertension; GWAS; precision medicine; rural population; SNP-age interaction

Online: 12 January 2018 (07:34:37 CET)

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Background: As part of the Heart Healthy Lenoir Project, we developed a practice level intervention to improve blood pressure control. The goal of this study was: i) determine if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that associate with blood pressure variation, identified in large case-control studies, are applicable to blood pressure control in subjects from a rural population; ii) measure the association of these SNPs with subjects’ responsiveness to the hypertension intervention; and iii) identify other SNPs that may help understand patient-specific responses to an intervention. Methods and Results: We used a combination of candidate SNPs and genome-wide analyses to test associations with either baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) or change in systolic blood pressure one year after the intervention in two genetically defined ancestral groups: African Americans (AA) or Caucasian Americans (CAU). Of the 48 candidate SNPs, 13 SNPs associated with baseline SBP in our study; however, one candidate SNP, rs592582, also associated with a change in SBP after one year. Using our study data, we identified 4 and 15 additional loci that associated with a change in SBP in the AA and CAU groups, respectively. Our analysis of gene-age interactions identified genotypes associated with SBP improvement within different age groups of our populations. Moreover, our integrative analysis identified AQP4-AS1 and PADI2 as genes whose expression levels may contribute to the pleiotropy of complex traits involved in cardiovascular health and blood pressure regulation in response to an intervention targeting hypertension. Conclusions: Identification of SNPs associated with the success of a hypertension treatment intervention suggests that genetic factors in combination with age may contribute to an individual’s success in lowering SBP. If these findings prove to be applicable to other populations, the use of this genetic variation in making patient-specific interventions may help providers with making decisions to improve patient outcomes. Further investigation is required to determine the role of this genetic variance with respect to the management of hypertension such that more precise treatment recommendations may be made in the future as part of personalized medicine.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0192.v1

Saliva Glycoproteins Bind to Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2

Dapeng Zhou, Chenghao Wu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: SARS-CoV2; corona virus; affinity proteomics; glycoproteins; glycoprotein-binding domains

Online: 11 May 2020 (10:24:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0045.v1

Implications of Education and Prehabilitation on the Geriatric Surgical Patient

Theadore Hufford, Jonathan Rubin, Ghaith Al-Qudah, Michael Prendergast

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Geriatrics; Prehabilitation; Surgery; Acute Care Surgery

Online: 12 August 2017 (04:30:56 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0134.v1

Impact of Polypharmacy on Candidate Biomarker miRNomes for the Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Striking back on Treatments

Eloy Almenar-Pérez, Teresa Sánchez-Fito, Tamara Ovejero, Lubov Nathanson, Elisa Oltra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Fibromyalgia (FM); Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS); microRNA; miRNome; pharmacogenomics; pharmacoepigenomics; SM2miR; Pharmaco-miR; repoDB; ME/CFS Common Data Elements (CDEs)

Online: 14 February 2019 (11:04:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0426.v1

Hyaluronic Acid in the 3^rd Millennium

Arianna Fallacara, Erika Baldini, Stefano Manfredini, Silvia Vertuani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: biological activity; crosslinking; drug delivery; cosmetic; food-supplement; functionalization; hyaluronan applications; hyaluronan derivatives; hyaluronan synthases; hyaluronic acid; hyaluronidases; physico-chemical properties

Online: 29 May 2018 (12:13:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0381.v1

Accessible Surface Glycopeptide Motifs on Spike Glycoprotein of 2019-nCoV: Implications on Vaccination and Antibody Therapeutics

Dapeng Zhou, Ruibing Qi, Wen Zhang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: 2019-nCoV; corona virus; glycopeptide; N-linked glycans; antibody; cryo-EM structure; crystal structures; epitope prediction

Online: 25 February 2020 (13:44:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0611.v1

Is there a risk for Semaglutide Misuse? Focus on the Food and Drug Administration-FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) pharmacovigilance dataset

STEFANIA CHIAPPINI, Rachel Vickers-Smith, Duccio Gabriele Papanti, John Martin Corkery, Amira Guirguis, Giovanni Martinotti, Stefano L. Sensi, Fabrizio Schifano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: semaglutide; drug misuse; drug abuse; pharmacovigilance; image- and performance-enhancing (IPED) drugs; glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists

Online: 8 June 2023 (09:01:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0172.v2

How Does Contrast Media Affect Cardiac Markers and Coagulation Tests? Experimental Study

Mustafa Begenc Tascanov, Ataman Gönel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: contrast media; troponin; Nt-proBNP; interference

Online: 20 January 2019 (10:40:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0549.v1

Beraprost and Overall Survival in Cats With Chronic Kidney Disease

Hiroyuki Ito, Takumi Matsuura, Tadashi Sano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: beraprost; feline; chronic kidney disease; progression-free survival; overall survival

Online: 31 March 2023 (11:17:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0184.v1

Feasibility of Known RNA Polymerase Inhibitors as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drugs

Ujjwal Neogi, Kyle J. Hill, Anoop T. Ambikan, Xiao Heng, Thomas P. Quinn, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Anders Sönnerborg, Stefan G. Sarafianos, Kamal Singh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Coronavirus; SARS-CoV; MERS-CoV; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; RNA polymerase; nsp12

Online: 12 April 2020 (05:36:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0337.v1

Thermal Sensation in Older People, with and without Dementia, Living in Residential Care: New Assessment Approaches Using Infrared Thermography

Charmaine Childs, Jennifer Elliott, Khaled Khatab, Susan Hampshaw, Sally Fowler-Davis, Jon R. Willmott, Ali Ali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: thermal sensation; ageing; infrared thermography; frailty; assessment; comfort; extremities

Online: 15 August 2020 (04:56:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0205.v1

Potential Role of NRF2 Agonist in Managing AHR-Mediated Chloracne by Dioxin

Masutaka Furue, Yoko Fuyuno, Chikage Mitoma, Hiroshi Uchi, Gaku Tsuji

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Chloracne; Dioxin; Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2; heme oxygenase-1; Yusho

Online: 13 June 2018 (10:29:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0212.v1

Myofascial Force Transmission in the Humans: A Systematic Scoping Review of In-Vivo Studies

M.S. Ajimsha, Praveen Surendran, Prasobh Jacob, Pramod Shenoy, Mohammed Bilal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Fascia; Myofascial force transfer; epimuscular force transfer

Online: 5 November 2020 (14:00:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1682.v1

An Amphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Aided Delivery of Cas9 RNP for Gene Editing and Correction

Mert Öktem, Olivier G. De Jong, Enrico Mastrobattista

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: CRISPR/Cas9; Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP); LAH5; RNP; HDR; delivery

Online: 23 June 2023 (12:31:05 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0221.v1

Binding Epitopes of 2019-nCoV Proteins for Perspective Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications: Insights from Computational Approaches

Ilda D'Annessa, Filippo Marchetti, Giorgio Colombo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; diagnostics; antibodies; structural vaccinology

Online: 12 March 2020 (15:02:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0392.v1

Amani Zidan, Ahmed Awaisu, Maguy El-Hajj, Samya Al-Abdulla, Dianne Figueroa, Nadir Kheir

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Medication-related burden; Questionnaire; chronic disease conditions; adherence

Online: 25 June 2018 (14:35:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0015.v1

Travel Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Community Pharmacists in Japan

Atsushi Sato

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: community pharmacy; pharmacists; kap; travel health

Online: 2 October 2019 (05:50:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0547.v1

Aim: To determine the efficacy of health beliefs model –based intervention in changing the belief related to substance use among university student in Mosul city-Iraq.

Arkan Bahlol Naji, Nasir Muwfaq Younis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Efficacy, Health Belief Model, Substance use, Intervention, University student

Online: 20 April 2021 (13:21:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0405.v1

Drug Repurposing Strategies in the Discovery of Antifungal Agents

Qian Zhang, Fangyan Liu, Meng Zeng, Caiyan Xin, Jinping Zhang, Yingyu Mao, Zhangyong Song

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: drug repurposing; antifungal therapy; antifungal mechanism; clinical application; antifungal agents

Online: 18 February 2021 (10:21:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0029.v1

Seven COVID-19 Patients Treated with C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Apheresis

Fabrizio Esposito, Harald Matthes, Friedemann Schad

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: blood component removal; C-reactive protein; CRP apheresis; COVID-19; multiple organ fail-ure; pulmonary fibrosis; SARS virus

Online: 2 March 2022 (02:34:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0383.v1

In Silico Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Design against Invasive Non Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) Through Immunoinformatic Approaches

Md. Chayan Ali, Sultana Israt Jahan, Mst. Shanzeda Khatun, Raju Das, Md Mafizur Rahman, Raju Dash

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Salmonella; antibiotic resistance; immunoinformatic; epitope; molecular docking; molecular dynamics simulation

Online: 26 February 2020 (01:56:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0416.v1

Ciclopirox Olamine Induces Ferritinophagy and Ameliorates Disease Progression in Polycystic Kidney Disease

Priyanka S. Radadiya, Rajni V. Puri, Brenda Magenheimer, Dharmalingam Subramaniam, Pamela V. Tran, Hao Zhu, Subhashini Bolisetty, James P. Calvet, Darren P. Wallace, Madhulika Sharma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: ciclopirox olamine; ferritin; proliferation; polycystic kidney disease

Online: 28 February 2020 (02:20:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0512.v1

Objective and Subjective Evaluation of a Passive Exoskeleton for Upper Limbs

Berenger Le Tellier, Thomas Albouy, Kevin Lebel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: MSDs; exoskeleton; upper limb assistance; EMG; balance test; subjective questionnaire

Online: 26 November 2021 (18:09:02 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Mycophenolate Mofetil Is Active Against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 Cells

Yang He, Rongjuan Pei, Zhijian Xu, Zhen Chen, Shuqi Xiao, Han Xia, Jin Xiong, Weiliang Zhu, Bo Zhang, Jingshan Shen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: mycophenolate mofetil; SARS-CoV-2; DHODH; IMPDH2

Online: 21 April 2020 (08:19:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0529.v1

Activation of Vitamin D Receptor Pathway Enhances Differentiating Capacity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations

Marie Sabatier, Emeline Boet, Sonia Zaghdoudi, Nathan Guiraud, Alexis Hucteau, Nathaniel Polley, Guillaume Cognet, Estelle Saland, Laura Lauture, Thomas Farge, Ambrine Sahal, Vera Pancaldi, Emeline Chu-Van, Florence Castelli, Sarah Bertoli, Pierre Bories, Christian Récher, Héléna Boutzen, Véronique Mansat-De Mas, Lucille Stuani, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: AML; IDH; Vitamin D; VDR; ATRA; CEBPa; Differentiation

Online: 27 August 2021 (16:32:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0159.v1

Lung Ultrasound to Detect Pneumothorax in Children Evaluated for Acute Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: An Observational Pilot Study

Barbara Scialanga, Danilo Buonsenso, Mqariachiara Supino, Simona Scateni, Piero Valentini, Paolo Schingo, Elena Boccuzzi, Alessia Mesturino, Valentina Ferro, Antonio Chiaretti, Annamaria Musolino

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: lung ultrasound; children; pneumothorax

Online: 8 January 2021 (13:21:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0089.v1

Impact of Access to Medicines on Public Health. Problems Associated With Access, Use, and Abuse of Antibiotics

Antonio G. Pisabarro, Denisse P. Rivera de la Torre

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: access to medicines; access to antibuotics; impact of access to medicines on public health; problems associated with access; use; abuse of antibiotics resistance; aware; Africa

Online: 5 May 2020 (17:03:07 CEST)

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Access to medicines is one of the essential problems in Public Health of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines access to medicines as the possibility of "having continuously accessible and affordable medicines in public or private health facilities that are within a kilometer of the place of residence." Access to medicines, as defined by the WHO, is not fully guaranteed in many LMICs and even in many regions of high-resource countries. The WHO identifies several factors as determinants of limitations in the access to medicines: rational selection, affordable prices, sustainable financing, and reliable health services. The action on these factors makes it possible to improve universal access to medicines with consequent improvement in Public Health. Adequate access to antibiotics and vaccination will avoid a large part of the deaths caused by infectious diseases in the LMICs. However, the emergence of resistance and the difficulties in vaccination campaigns due to socio-political or cultural problems make it challenging to fight many easily treatable infectious diseases. The use and abuse of antibiotics are inevitably associated with the appearance of resistances that make them ineffective. Thus, whereas limited access to antibiotics raises mortality rates from infectious diseases, generalized open access to them ends up eliminating their clinical value. Moreover, the contraction of research in this field for many years has reduced the success in discovering new drugs. Additionally, local market regulations, inadequate selection, inaccessible prices, especially for those of second and third-generation, inefficient health systems, and difficulties of administration and control of prescription compliance, especially in the case of combined therapies, are additional obstacles to universal access to antibiotics. In order to simultaneously improve access to antibiotics and keep resistances under control, it is necessary to develop training and education activities at different social levels (from patients to various Health Care Providers) to complement the national or supranational strategic plans.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0228.v1

Rethinking Complex Diseases: A High-Dimensional Representation of Individual Disease Burden and Global Disease Landscape

Annikka Polster

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Complex diseases; Nosology; Systems Medicine

Online: 17 January 2022 (13:01:03 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0341.v2

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Tuberculosis Case Findings of India: Exploration of the Magnitude of the Threats as Well as the Available Opportunity to Mitigate the Threats

Abhijit Dey, Arista Lahiri, Sweety Suman Jha, Arup Kumar Chakrabartty

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Impact of COVID on TB; TB Notification in India; Integrated TB COVID Activity; Threats and Opportunity during COVID; Initiatives to improve TB Surveillance; TB Surveillance during COVID Pandemic

Online: 22 June 2021 (14:05:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0138.v1

Can Precision Electrophile Signaling Make a Meaningful and Lasting Impression in Drug Design?

Marcus Long, Amogh Kulkarni, Yimon Aye

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: electrophile signaling; cysteine; LDE; HNE; T-REX

Online: 3 March 2021 (14:54:03 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0344.v2

Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology

Matthew T.J. Halma, Cristof Plothe, Paul Marik, Theresa A. Lawrie

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Long Covid; Covid-19 vaccine; thrombosis; clots; inflammation; therapeutics

Online: 12 April 2023 (10:04:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0029.v1

Gambogic Acid as Anticancer Agent: A Review

Syed Amir Gilani, Muhammad Imran, Iahtisham-ul Haq, Riffat Mehboob, Wafa Fatima, Amber Hassan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Gambogic acid; phytochemical; breast cancer; pancreatic cancer; glioma cancer

Online: 3 July 2020 (09:05:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0096.v1

The Dual-Targeted Fusion Inhibitor Clofazimine Binds to the S2 Segment of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Matthew R. Freidel, Pratiti A. Vakhariya, Shalinder K. Sardarni, Roger S. Armen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Clofazimine; Arbidol; Toremifene; Fusion Inhibitor; Spike-dependent; SARS-CoV-2, S2 segment; S2 subunit; Nsp13 helicase; Surface Plasmon Resonance; Molecular Docking; CHARMM

Online: 4 March 2024 (10:43:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0021.v1

Chitosan-Based Thermo-Responsive Scaffold for Wound Heal-ing Provides Dexketoprofen Trometamol Controlled Release for 24 Hour-Use

Luis Castillo-Henríquez, Pablo Sanabria-Espinoza, Brayan Murillo-Castillo, Gabriela Montes de Oca- Vásquez, Diego Batista-Menezes, Briner Calvo-Guzmán, Nils Ramírez-Arguedas, José Vega-Baudrit

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: chitosan; dexketoprofen trometamol; drug delivery; gelatin; NSAIDs; personalized medicine; smart polymers

Online: 1 October 2021 (13:53:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0605.v1

Insight and Recommendations for Fragile X Premutation Associated Conditions from the 5th International Conference on FMR1 Premutation

Flora Tassone, Dragana Protic, Emily Allen, Alison D. Archibald, Anna Baud, W Ted Brown, Dejan B. Budimirovic, Jonathan Cohen, Brett Dufour, Rachel Eiges, Nicola Elvassore, Lidia V. Gabis, Samantha J Grudzien, Deborah Hall, David Hessl, Abigail Hogan, Jessica Ezzell Hunter, Peng Jin, Poonnada Jiraanont, Jessica Klusek, R. Frank Kooy, Claudine M Kraan, Cecilia Laterza, Andrea Lee, Karen Lipworth, Molly Losh, Danuta Z Loesch, Reymundo Lozano, Marsha Mailick, Apostolos Manolopoulos, Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño, Yingratana Amabel McLennan, Robert M. Miller, Alice Montanaro, Matthew W. Mosconi, Sarah Potter, Melissa Raspa, Susan M. Rivera, Katharine Shelly, Peter K. Todd, Katarzyna Tutak, Jun Yi Wang, Anne C Wheeler, Tri Indah Winarni, Marwa Zafarullah, Randi Hagerman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: FMR1 premutation; FXPAC; FXTAS; FXAND; FXPOI; FMR1 molecular and clinical

Online: 10 July 2023 (10:27:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0751.v1

A Comprehensive Review on Skin Pigmentation-Types, Causes, and Treatment

Ameen Mahmood Thawabteh, Alaa Jibreen, Donia Karaman, Alà Thawabteh, Rafik Karaman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Skin pigmentation; melanin; Tyrosinase inhibitors; hypopigmentation; hyperpigmentation; Vitiligo; skin-lightening; Depigmentation

Online: 10 May 2023 (11:32:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0229.v5

Lipofuscin as the Main Driving Force of Current Age-Related Disease: Justification and Strategies for Removal

Michael Renteln

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Anti-aging therapy; lipofuscin; SENS; TFEB; intracellular microbe; and synthetic chemotaxis

Online: 2 November 2022 (03:41:32 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1084.v1

Lysosomal Cleavable Peptide Linkers in Antibody-Drug Conjugates

Seetharamsing Balamkundu, Chuan Fa Liu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: antibody-drug conjugate; lysosome; cathepsin; legumain; self-immolation; payload release; peptidomimetic; linker

Online: 16 May 2023 (04:51:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0249.v1

Adult Presentation of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia

Nobuaki Ito

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: X-linked hypophosphatemia; fibroblast growth factor 23; osteomalacia; enthesopathy; secondary hyperparathyroidism; tertiary hyperparathyroidism; chronic kidney disease; oral disease; quality of life; burosumab

Online: 19 May 2022 (04:03:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0380.v2

Considerations and Challenges for Sex-Aware Drug Repurposing

Jennifer Fisher, Emma Jones, Victoria Flanary, Avery Williams, Elizabeth Ramsey, Brittany Lasseigne

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: sex differences; drug repurposing; sex-bias; sex-aware; review; therapeutics; pharmaceuticals; computational drug repurposing

Online: 8 March 2022 (10:34:42 CET)

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Sex differences are essential factors in disease etiology and manifestation in many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration (1). The biological influence of sex differences (including genomic, epigenetic, hormonal, immunological, and metabolic differences between males and females) and the lack of biomedical studies considering sex differences in their study design has led to several policies. For example, the National Institute of Health’s (NIH) sex as a biological variable (SABV) and Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER)) policies to motivate researchers to consider sex differences (2). However, drug repurposing, a promising alternative to traditional drug discovery by identifying novel uses for FDA-approved drugs, lacks sex-aware methods that can improve the identification of drugs that have sex-specific responses (1,3–5). Sex-aware drug repurposing methods either select drug candidates that are more efficacious in one sex or deprioritize drug candidates based on if they are predicted to cause a sex-bias adverse event (SBAE), unintended therapeutic effects that are more likely to occur in one sex. Computational drug repurposing methods are encouraging approaches to develop for sex-aware drug repurposing because they can prioritize sex-specific drug candidates or SBAEs at lower cost and time than traditional drug discovery. Sex-aware methods currently exist for clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic information (3,6,7). They have not expanded to other data types, such as DNA variation, which has been beneficial in other drug repurposing methods that do not consider sex (8). Additionally, some sex-aware methods suffer from poorer performance because a disproportionate number of male and female samples are available to train computational methods (3). However, there is development potential for several different categories (i.e., data mining, ligand binding predictions, molecular associations, and networks). Low-dimensional representations of molecular association and network approaches are also especially promising candidates for future sex-aware drug repurposing methodologies because they reduce the multiple hypothesis testing burden and capture sex-specific variation better than the other methods (9,10). Here we review how sex influences drug response, the current state of drug repurposing including with respect to sex-bias drug response, and how model organism study design choices influence drug repurposing validation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0392.v1

Prevalence of Controlled Systemic Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among Hypertensive Patients at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Tanzania.

Samson Peter Mvandal, Victor Jastin Mwinuka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Age; adherence; anti-hypertensive; Controlled hypertension; clinic; hypertension; Prevalence; Systemic

Online: 17 May 2021 (15:57:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0207.v1

The Neuroprotective and Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Bacopa monnieri: A Systematic Review

Luiz José Valotto Neto, Matheus Reverete, Renato Cesar Moretti Junior, Nathalia Mendes Machado, Rakesh Kumar Joshi, Daiane dos Santos Buglio, Caroline Barbalho Lamas, Rosa Direito, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Masaru Tanaka, Sandra Maria Barbalho

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Bacopa monnieri; phytotherapy (plants, medicinal, herbal medicine); neurodegenerative diseases; Alzheimer´; s disease; memory; cognitive functions; aging; neuroprotection; oxidative stress; antioxidants; neuropharmacology

Online: 5 February 2024 (04:02:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0133.v1

Introducing an Efficient In Vitro Cornea Mimetic Model for Testing Drug Permeability

Agnė Žiniauskaitė, Vytautas Cėpla, Tadas Jelinskas, Romuald Eimont, Artūras Ulčinas, Rūta Aldonytė, Ramūnas Valiokas, Giedrius Kalesnykas, Jenni J. Hakkarainen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: in vitro corneal model; collagen hydrogel; permeability

Online: 7 May 2021 (09:40:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0237.v1

Quality by Design: A Suitable Methodology in Industrial Pharmacy for Costa Rican Universities

Luis Castillo-Henríquez, Brayan Murillo-Castillo, Nils Ramírez-Arguedas, Juan José Mora-Román, Lexi Chaves-Siles, Edgar Hernández-Mora, José Vega-Baudrit

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: academy; drug development; industrial pharmacy; pharmaceutical technology; research method-ology

Online: 17 March 2022 (01:56:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0241.v1

Bisphenols as A Legacy Pollutant, and Their Effects on Organ Vulnerability

Jong-Joo Kim, Surendra Kumar, Vinay Kumar, You-Sam Kim, Yun-Mi Lee, Vijay Kumar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: bisphenols; endocrine disruptors; obesity and diabetes mellitus; hepatic toxicity; neurotoxicity; immunotoxicity

Online: 19 December 2019 (06:40:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0552.v1

Epidemic Evolution: Source, Lock-down and Removal Modifications to the SIR Model

Ian Lerche

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: modified SIR model, epidemic, death and source.

Online: 24 February 2021 (15:59:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0309.v1

Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin in the World’s Rivers Are Associated With the Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in E. coli: A Global Ecological Analysis

Chris Kenyon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Rivers; one-health; E. coli; fluoroquinolones; antimicrobial resistance; AMR

Online: 24 February 2022 (10:03:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0212.v1

Giving Drugs A Second Chance: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Ciclopirox and Ribavirin Against Cystic Fibrosis Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains

Giovanni Di Bonaventura, Veronica Lupetti, Simone De Fabritiis, Alessandra Piccirilli, Annamaria Porreca, Marta Di Nicola, Arianna Pompilio

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: drug repurposing; cystic fibrosis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; biofilm

Online: 22 April 2022 (10:55:32 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0220.v1

Differentially-Charged Phospholipids Interact with Alphaherpesviruses and Interfere with Virus Entry

Oleksandr Kolyvushko, Juliane Latzke, Ismail Dahmani, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Salvatore Chiantia, Walid Azab

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: alphaherpesvirus; EHV-1; phosphatidylserine; inhibition; pathogen host interaction

Online: 14 April 2020 (08:54:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0197.v1

Positive Association between the Use of Quinolones in Food Animals and the Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in E. Coli and K. Pneumoniae, A. Baumanii and P. Aeruginosa: A Global Ecological Analysis

Chris Kenyon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: One-health; food-animals; E. coli; K. pneumoniae; Acinetobacter; P. aeruginosa; fluoroquinolones; antimicrobial resistance; antibiotic consumption

Online: 13 September 2021 (09:55:56 CEST)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Reasonable Limiting of 7-Day Incidence per Hundred Thousand and Herd Immunization in Germany and Other Countries

Reinhard Schlickeiser, Martin Kröger

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: coronavirus; extrapolation; 7-day incidence value; Covid-19

Online: 28 July 2021 (10:30:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0086.v1

Fibropreventive and Antifibrotic Effects of Uncaria gambir on Rats with Pulmonary Fibrosis

Desdiani Desdiani, Iris Rengganis, Samsuridjal Djauzi, Agus Setiyono, Mohamad Sadikin, Sri Widia A. Jusman, Nuryati Chairani Siregar, Suradi Suradi, Putri C. Eyanoer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: inflammatory cells; fibropreventive; antifibrotic; gambir

Online: 5 October 2021 (13:12:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0488.v1

Critical Analysis of Corneal Cross-Linking (Part-II): Resolving the Controversial Issues (Theory Versus Measurements)

Jui-Teng Lin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: corneal collagen crosslinking; CXL; efficacy; riboflavin; modeling; safety dose; ultraviolet light

Online: 25 August 2021 (11:03:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0509.v1

Exploring the Mechanism of Activation of CFTR by Curcuminoids: An Ensemble Docking Study

Emanuele Bellacchio

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: CFTR; cystic fibrosis; cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; docking; molecular dynamics; curcumin; CFTR modulators

Online: 8 November 2023 (04:12:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0374.v1

Very Low and High Levels of Vitamin D are Associated with Shorter Leukocyte Telomere Length in 148,321 UK Biobank Participants

Chia-Ling Kuo, Ben Kirk, Meiruo Xiang, Luke C. Pilling, George A. Kuchel, Richard Kremer, Gustavo Duque

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Telomerase; leukocyte telomere length; vitamin D; aging; serum levels; geroscience

Online: 22 January 2023 (03:36:34 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0511.v1

Oxygen, pH, Lactate, and Metabolism- How Old Knowledge and New Insights Might be Combined for New Wound Treatment

Herbert Leopold Haller, Frank Sander, Sebastian Philipp Nischwitz, Daniel Popp, Matthias Rapp, Bernd Hartmann, Mehmet Demircan, Lars Peter Kamolz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Wound; chronic wound; hypoxia; Lactate; Acidosis; Alkalosis; neoangiogenesis; ECM; Polylactide; polylactide membranes

Online: 30 September 2021 (12:18:52 CEST)

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: Over time, we have come to recognize a very complex network of physiological changes enabling wound healing. An immunological process enables the body to distinguish damaged cells and begin a cleaning mechanism by separating damaged proteins and cells with matrix metallopro-teinases, a complement reaction, and free radicals. A wide variety of cell functions help to rebuild new tissue, dependent on energy provision and oxygen supply. Like in an optimized "biorector," disturbance can lead to prolonged healing. One of the earliest investigated local factors is the pH of wounds, studied in close relation to the local perfusion, oxygen tension, and lactate concentration. Granulation tissue with the wrong pH can hinder fibroblast and keratinocyte division and pro-liferation, as well as skin graft takes. Methods for influencing the pH have been tested, such as occlusion and acidification by the topical application of acidic media. In most trials, this has not changed the wound's pH to an acidic one, but it has reduced the strong alkalinity of deeper or chronic wound. Energy provision is essential for all repair processes. New insights into the metabolism of cells have changed the definition of lactate from a waste product to an indispensable energy provider in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Neovascularization depends on oxygen provision and lactate, signaling hypoxic conditions even under normoxic conditions. An appropriate pH is necessary for successful skin grafting; hypoxia can change the pH of wounds. This review describes the close interconnections between the local lactate levels, metabolism, healing mechanisms, and pH. Furthermore, it analyzes and evaluates the different possible ways to support metabolism, such as lactate enhancement and pH adjustment. The aim of wound treatment must be the optimization of all these components. Therefore, the role of lactate and its influence on wound healing in acute and chronic wounds will be assessed.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0069.v1

Injection of Platelet Rich Plasma in the Olfactory Cleft for COVID-19 Patients with Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction: Description of the Technique

Jerome R. Lechien, Sven Saussez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: olfactory; smell; olfaction; anosmia; odor; rhinology; head neck surgery; otolaryngology; platelet rich plasma; recovery

Online: 5 July 2022 (08:33:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0138.v1

Cavitation in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Donn Sederstrom, Rafael Valotta Rodrigues, Corinne Lengsfeld

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: hydrodynamic cavitation; cavitation number; turbulence; critical pressure; Kolmogorov length scale

Online: 7 July 2020 (17:37:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0154.v1

Survival Benefit of Tocilizumab in COVID may be Greater in Patients with Higher Measured Interleukin 6 Levels

James Hall, Maha Salama

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: coronavirus; COVID; tocilizumab; interleukin 6; cytokine

Online: 18 April 2022 (04:12:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0067.v1

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring and Pharmacovigilance among Various Healthcare Professionals in India

Amrita Kumari, Irfanul Haque, Sarita Jangra Bhyan, M Sreelakshmi, Nancy Goel, Aashi Jain, Besty Thomas, Kulsoom Hamid, Rashi Chauhan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: adverse drug reaction; healthcare professionals; pharmacovigilance; surveillance form; suspected ADR

Online: 3 August 2020 (08:49:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1583.v1

A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Potential of Nanobodies

Fatma Haddad, Ghadeer Dokmak, Shahla Kanwal, Rafik Karaman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: nanobody; therapeutic nanobody; production; imaging; diagnosis; single-domain antibodies; VHHs

Online: 25 October 2023 (12:11:05 CEST)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Pressure Point Threshold Scores and ME/CFS Comorbidity as Indicators of Patient´s Response to Manual Physiotherapy in Fibromyalgia

Francisco Javier Falaguera-Vera, María Garcia-Escudero, Javier Bonastre-Férez, Mario Zacarés, Elisa Oltra

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Fibromyalgia; Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS); Pressure Point Threshold (PPT); Physiotherapy; Manual Therapy (MT)

Online: 15 September 2020 (09:01:16 CEST)

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Working Paper CASE REPORT

Incomplete Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus With Congenital Hypothyroidism (NDH) Syndrome in Saudi Patients With Known Mutations and Different Manifestations: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review

Aida Al jabri, Maryam Bawazir, Narmeen Al Bashrawi, Omer Babiker, Yousef Housawi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Neonatal Diabetes; Congenital Hypothyroidism; GLIS3

Online: 23 December 2020 (09:28:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1000.v1

Recent Advancements in Genome-Targeting Nucleic Acids and Their Potential for Therapeutic Applications

Yu Mikame, Asako Yamayoshi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: oligonucleotide therapeutic; triplex-forming oligonucleotide; peptide nucleic acid; antigene; genome editing

Online: 14 September 2023 (11:37:06 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1621.v1

One Is the Loneliest N: An Autobiographical Report of Long COVID

Angela O'Connor

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Long Covid; patient report; symptom description

Online: 23 January 2024 (07:16:03 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0333.v1

Strategies for Generating Human Pluripotent Stem Cell- Derived-Organoid Culture for Disease Modelling, Drug Screening, and Regenerative Therapy

Zakiya Gania, Syarifah Tiara Noorintan, Ni Putu Diah Pradnya Septiari, Dhea Sandra Fitriany, Fuad Gandhi Torizal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: hPSCs derived-organoids; Culture strategy; Disease modeling; Drug screening; Regenerative therapy

Online: 24 June 2022 (08:11:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0271.v1

Iron-Imine Cocktail in Drug Development: A Contemporary Update

Judith Anane, Esther Owusu, Gildardo Rivera, Debasish Bandyopadhyay

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Imines; Schiff base; Iron complex; Anticancer; Antimicrobial; Antioxidant

Online: 4 January 2024 (00:00:16 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0135.v1

Systemically Administered, Target-specific, Multi-functional Therapeutic Recombinant Proteins in Regenerative Medicine

Tero Järvinen, Toini Pemmari

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: vascular homing peptide; cell penetrating peptide; angiogenesis; vascular heterogeneity; fibrosis; targeted delivery; decorin; transforming growth factor-β (tgf-β), bystander effect, cendr peptide; tissue regeneration; regenerative medicine

Online: 10 December 2019 (15:02:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0021.v1

Development of Skin Diseases Treatment based on Exosome Derived from Plants, Humans, Medicinal Algae and Fungi

Maria Beihaghia, Reza Sahebi, Mohammad Reza Beihaghi, Homan Tehrani, Samaneh Attaran Dowom, Rahele Khosravi neissiani, Zahra Janati

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Skin diseases, exosome, plants, humans, medicinal algae, fungi, treatment

Online: 1 December 2023 (05:29:59 CET)

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Annually, millions of people worldwide are affected by skin diseases, and current therapeutic approaches have limited efficacy. Advances in the treatment of exosomes have led to the development of new therapeutic methods that hold promising potential for improving the treatment options for skin diseases. The aim of this study is to produce pharmaceutical and cosmetic compounds based on exosomes for the treatment of skin conditions such as eczema, pigmentation disorders, skin sagging and aging, cellular skin regeneration, increased skin moisture, and prevention of skin shedding, among others. This study examines the effects of exosomes derived from plants, humans, medicinal algae, and fungi to treat skin diseases. Spectrophotometric analysis reveals the presence of nucleic acids and proteins in exosome samples, indicating their cargo composition. TEM micrographs demonstrate that the exosome isolation process preserves the integrity of the membrane and the crucial spherical structure for their functionality. DLS analysis confirms that isolated exosomes have a size similar to typical exosome dimensions. MTT assays indicate concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects of exosomes on skin cells, with a calculated IC50 representing a significant decrease in cell viability. Real-time PCR shows higher gene expression levels of collagen I and collagen III, indicating the potential of exosomes to enhance collagen synthesis. Tyrosinase enzyme expression analysis demonstrates the influence of exosome treatments on pathways related to melanin production. The use of exosomes derived from various sources provides a promising platform for developing new drugs in the treatment of skin diseases. Additionally, exosomes can be utilized in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer, transforming them into a hopeful field of research. Plant-derived exosomes are environmentally friendly and can serve as the next generation of drug delivery systems for treating various diseases.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0439.v1

Associations between Drugs of Abuse and Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Amani Sastry, Victor M. Jimenez Jr

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Drugs of abuse; Toxoplasma gondii; Substance Use Disorder

Online: 27 March 2023 (03:43:57 CEST)

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Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most common parasites that infect humans. The parasite exists in approximately 40 million people in the United States. Latent infections are frequently associated with tissue cysts of T. gondii in the skeletal muscle and brain tissue that can lead to mental disorders, congenital disorders, and vision dysfunction. Furthermore, self-directed violence, impulsivity, and aggression are associated with T. gondii infection. Dopamine is associated with human behavior including pleasure, aggression, memory, and substance use disorder; however, the result of the studies on the association of T. gondii infection and drugs of abuse are not well understood. The frequency of substance use may be associated with substance-induced modification of dopamine-receptor densities and basal dopaminergic activity. Likewise, T. gondii can directly or indirectly influence dopaminergic activity in infected cells. Based on this hypothesis, the current paper aimed to systematically review all published literature on the association between drugs of abuse and T. gondii infection. Systematic review of controlled studies on T. gondii infection and substance use effects in adults were searched on the electronic databases. Studies have shown that individuals infected with T. gondii display increased risky behavior, such as excessive alcohol consumption. Furthermore, it was observed that T. gondii seropositive subjects had a reduced likelihood of self-reported substance use compared to T. gondii seronegative subjects. This study confirms that SUD is a potential risk factor for behavioral and psychiatric complications associated with T. gondii infection. Ultimately T. gondii infection in the context of drug dependence and the development of SUD remain to be elucidated. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research characterizing the mechanisms associated with dopamine metabolism of drug dependence and withdrawal in the context of a T. gondii infection, evaluating the role of inflammation, and identifying potential drug-and-sex specific underpinnings of these associations.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0576.v1

Dosing Schedule Modification of COVID-19 Vaccine in Immunosuppressed and Cancer Patient: A Review of Current Suggestions

Mohd Turzo Rahman, Homayra Rahman, Ashrak Shad

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine; immunosuppressed; cancer; vaccine efficacy

Online: 31 January 2023 (06:26:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0759.v1

Pharmacy-Based Travel Health Services in the United States

Keri Hurley-Kim, Jeffery Goad, Sheila Seed, Karl Hess

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: pharmacy law, education, training, vaccines, community pharmacy, ambulatory care

Online: 1 November 2018 (18:01:34 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0675.v1

Therapeutic Use of Palmitoylethanolamide as an Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulator

Maria Clara Inácio de Sá, Marina Gomes Miranda Castor

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Endocannabinoid System; Palmitoylethanolamide; Inflammation; Immune system

Online: 11 October 2023 (04:46:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0517.v1

Chemonucleolysis with Chondroitin Sulfate ABC Endolyase for Treating Lumbar Disc Herniation: Exploration of Prognostic Factors for Good or Poor Clinical Outcomes

Katsuhiko Ishibashi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: chemonucleolysis; condoliase; chondroitin sulfate ABC endolyase; lumber disc herniation

Online: 22 September 2020 (10:02:01 CEST)

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Background and Objectives: Chondroitin sulfate ABC endolyase (condoliase) was launched as a new drug for chemonucleolysis in 2018. There are few Few studies assessed regarding its clinical outcomes, and many important factors matters still remain unclear. The purpose of this This study aimed is to clarify clarify the preoperative conditionsfactors for in which condoliase could beis highly effective. Materials and Methods: Of the 47 patients who received condoliase, 34 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the patients was 33 years. The average disease duration since the onset of the disease was 8.6 months. We evaluated the patients’patient’s low back and leg painpains using a numericalNumerical rating scale (NRS) score at two time points (before therapy and 3 months after therapyadministration). We divided the patients into two groups ([good group [(G]:): NRS score improvement ≥ 50%, poor group (P): NRS score improvement < 50%]. The parameters evaluatedSurvey items were age, disease disease duration, body mass index (BMI), and the presence or absence of positive or negative straight leg raising (SLR) test results. In additionMoreover, the loss of disc height loss and participation of preoperative radiological findings were also evaluated. Results: In terms of low back and leg pain, the G group were in 9/34 (26.5%) and 21/34 (61.8%) patients, respectively. Patients’. Patient’s age (low back pain G/P, 21.0/36.5 years)), was significantly loweryounger in the G group of low back pain (p = 0.001). High intensity change inof the protruded nucleus pulposus (NP) and the spinal canal occupancy by theof NP ≥ 40% were significantly highhighly observed in those withthe leg pain in the G groups (14/21,: p = 0.04; and 13/21,: p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: The efficacy of improvement inof leg pain was significantlyhighly correlated with high intensity change and size of the protruded NP. Condoliase was not significantly effective forto low back pain, but could might be expected have anthe effect onto younger patients.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0410.v1

Modelling and Stability Analysis of the Dynamics of Measles with Application to Ethiopian Data

Hailay Weldegiorgis Berhe, Habtu Alemayehu Atsbha, Yohannes Yirga Kefela, Abadi Abraha Asgedom, Abadi GMeskel, Woldegebriel Assefa Woldegerima, Shaibu Osman, Lamin Kabareh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: measles; basic reproduction number; global stability; vaccination; forward bifurcation; model calibration

Online: 23 March 2023 (06:11:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0843.v1

Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Delivery Vector-Assisted Targeted Controlled Release mRNA Vaccines in Tumor Immunity

Liusheng Wu, Xiaoqiang Li, Xinye Qian, Shuang Wang, Jixian Liu, Jun Yan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs); mRNA vaccine; Tumor immunity; Delivery vector; Review

Online: 13 December 2023 (03:35:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0619.v1

Wound Healing Potential of Plant Secondary Metabolites: In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Experiments

Omar Casadiego, Oscar Macias, Laura García, Elkin Sanabria, Guillermina Baay, Julio Cesar Mantilla, Patricia Escobar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: wound healing; natural compound; excisional mouse model; molecular docking; dynamic molecular; caryophyllene; cytokines; digital histology

Online: 20 April 2023 (07:42:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1821.v1

Formulation and Characterization of a Microencapsulant of Sungkai Leaves Ethanol Extract (Peronema canescens Jack)

Indra Lasmana Tarigan, Farah Farah, Ratih Dyah Puspitasari, Madyawati Latief

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Peronema canescens Jack; Microencapsulation; Maltodextrin; Arabic gum; Inulin

Online: 29 November 2023 (07:48:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0132.v2

Relative Effectiveness of Cell-Cultured versus Egg-Based Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-Related Outcomes in Subjects 18 Years Old or Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Joan Puig-Barberà, Sonia Tamames-Gómez, Pedro Plans-Rubio, José María Eirós-Bouza

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: adults; influenza; cell-cultured vaccine; egg-based vaccine; influenza vaccine; relative vaccine effectiveness; real word evidence; mutation; human / prevention &; control*; comparative study

Online: 20 December 2021 (11:00:26 CET)

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