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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0235.v2

Evidence That Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

William B. Grant, Henry Lahore, Sharon L. McDonnell, Carole A. Baggerly, Christine B. French, Jennifer L. Aliano, Harjit Pal Bhattoa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); ascorbic acid; cathelicidin; coronavirus; COVID-19; cytokine storm; influenza; observational; pneumonia, prevention; respiratory tract infection; solar radiation; treatment; UVB; vitamin C; vitamin D

Online: 30 March 2020 (05:48:43 CEST)

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The world is in the grips of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increase concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D₃ for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40–60 ng/ml (100–150 nmol/l). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D₃ doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0264.v1

38-Month Long Progression-Free and Symptom-Free Survival of a Patient With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Case Report of the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet (PKD) Used As a Stand-Alone Treatment after Failed Standard Oncotherapy

Csaba Tóth, Andrea Dabóczi, Madhvi Chanrai, Mária Schimmer, Zsófia Clemens

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: glioblastoma; brain tumor; paleolithic diet; ketogenic diet; paleolithic ketogenic diet; metabolic therapy; intestinal permeability; cancer treatment

Online: 20 December 2019 (06:36:16 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0265.v1

The Essential Role of Vitamin D in the Biosynthesis of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides May Explain Why Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in COVID-19 Infections

Patrick J. McCullough, Jeffrey Amend, William P. McCullough, Steven J. Repas, Jeffrey B. Travers, Douglas S. Lehrer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: vitamin D; cathelicidin; antimicrobial peptides; bacteria; mycobacteria; virus; coronavirus; sunshine; UVB phototherapy; tuberculosis; COVID-19; photosynthesis

Online: 16 May 2020 (16:02:26 CEST)

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Abstract: A primary action of vitamin D is regulation of gene transcription. Many cell types possess genes that make antimicrobial peptides (AMPS) (endogenous antibiotics), recently discovered to be regulated by vitamin D. Two examples are cathelicidin and beta defensins, both bioactive against many different bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria, parasites and viruses. The signal transduction pathway is triggered by sensing microorganisms via cell surface receptors, causing intracellular production of calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D) and vitamin D receptors, leading to upregulation of AMP production. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations required to sustain adequate AMP production to eradicate infections are unknown. Vitamin D3 is photosynthesized in skin in amounts ranging from 10,000 (250 mcg) to 25,000 (625 mcg) International Units (IU) from 7-dehydrocholesterol after whole-body exposure to one minimal erythemal dose (MED) of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, and is impacted by many factors including geographic localities, seasonal changes and skin pigmentation. We and others have reported extended daily oral dosing with these amounts of vitamin D3 safe. We routinely observe serum 25(OH)D concentrations below 20ng/ml on new admissions, which have been reported insufficient to sustain AMP production. In contrast serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 100ng/ml have been reported after serial UVB treatments for psoriasis. Little vitamin D naturally occurs in food, and insufficient sun exposure may be causing worldwide deficiency. We review evidence suggesting that higher daily intakes of vitamin D3 than the currently recommended 600 (15 mcg) IU/day may be necessary to sustain AMP production in the face of an overwhelming infection, particularly in non-Hispanic blacks, a high risk population suffering the worst outcomes from COVID-19. We propose that increased vitamin D supplementation could provide a safe and cost-effective way to protect all populations from infections, in particular those from pandemic COVID-19.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0309.v9

Chronic Positive Mass Balance is the Actual Etiology of Obesity: A Living Review

Anssi Manninen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; body weight regulation; macronutrients; energy balance theory; mass balance model; paradigm shift; living review

Online: 16 September 2022 (03:18:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0166.v1

Body Mass Index (BMI) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Living Systematic Review

Jose M. Soriano, Aránzazu González, Carla Soler, Ana I. Catalá-Gregori, J. Francisco Merino-Torres

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: BMI; COVID-19; obesity; overweight; nutrition

Online: 10 May 2020 (14:37:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0006.v1

Fatty Acids, Antioxidants and Physical Activity in Brain Aging

Hércules Rezende Freitas, Gustavo da Costa Ferreira, Isis Hara Trevenzoli, Karen de Jesus Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: essential fatty acids; ascorbic acid; glutathione; aging; parkinson’s disease; alzheimer’s disease; senescence; nervous system; growth factors; neuroprotection; docosahexaenoic acid; α-linolenic acid.

Online: 2 October 2017 (08:59:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0169.v1

Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria Probiotic Strains Improve Glycemic and Inflammation Profiles in Obesity Model in Mice

Liudmyla Lazarenko, O. Melnikova, Lidiia Babenko, Rostyslav Bubnov, Tetiana Beregova, Tetiana Falalyeyeva, Mykola Spivak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: metabolic syndrome; diabetes mellitus; obesity, lactobacilli; bifidobacteria; glucose; macrophages; inflammation; mouse model

Online: 8 August 2018 (14:27:20 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0081.v1

The Hypercalcemic Effect of Vitamin D3 in Sarcoidosis Could Be a Side Effect of an Endogenous Program Organizing Cancer Apoptosis

Raimund von Helden, William B. Grant, Meis Moukayed, Bernd Becker

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: sarcoidosis; monocytes; cancer; neoplasia; vitamin D; 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3; etiology; spontaneous remission of cancer; vitamin D side effects

Online: 18 September 2017 (14:21:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0026.v1

Immunomodulatory Effect and Supportive Role of Traditional Herbs, Spices and Nutrients in Management of COVID-19

Luxita Sharma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: COVID-19; herbs; spices; nutrition; nutrients; immunomodulatory

Online: 2 September 2020 (05:06:56 CEST)

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Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus that causes respiratory illnesses with a start of flu like symptoms. This disease is fatal and is spread all over the world. The Scientist are working day and night to find vaccine or a cure. World Health Organisation has declared COVID-19 as pandemic [1]. In the view of the pandemic many treatments are being tried on the patients and various treatment modalities are being followed, the traditional medicine has shown a major role to manage this disease. The traditional medicines include the use of herbs, nutrition and spices that are freely available in Asian countries. These are used in day to day life by Asian population [2]. In this paper we have compiled and reviewed the role of various herbs and spices such as Oregano, Ashwagandha, Ginseng, Basil, Sage, Curcumin, Fenugreek, Ginger and Garlic in building immunity and also in curing pathogenic invasions based on evidence based researches. As there is no cure available for COVID-19 till now so supportive therapy is playing a major role for the patients to fight with this pandemic. The AYUSH ministry has also promoted the use of above herbs for a patient suffering from this disease. The corona virus is present in respiratory system as shown by different studies and it has different strains. The guidelines laid by the ICMR and WHO shows that use of herbs, spices and nutrients can be helpful to manage this virus by increasing the immunity in patients. Hence we are not claiming any cures but the herbs and spices used in day to day life are very much effective in management of COVID-19. World Health Organisation (WHO) has recognised the use of alternative and traditional medicine in the management of COVID-19 but the herbs should be used in prescribed amounts and overdose of them can be harmful for health [1,3]. Therefore the present article will enlighten the readers about the role of herbs, spices and nutrients in improving the conditions in COVID-19.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0019.v1

Ethnic Differences in the Food Intake Patterns and Its Association Factors of Adolescents in Malaysia

Nurul-Fadhilah Abdullah, Pey Sze Teo, Leng Huat Foo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: dietary patterns, food-frequency questionnaire, dietary, lifestyle practices, adolescents

Online: 5 September 2016 (14:46:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0099.v1

Advanced Glycation Endproducts form During Ovalbumin Digestion in the Presence of Fructose

Alejandro Gugliucci, Yasmin Bains, Russell Caccavello

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: ovalbumin, allergy; advanced glycation; fructose; fructositis; receptor for advanced glycation end products; inflammation; asthma; chlorogenic acid; Ilex paraguariensis; high fructose corn syrup

Online: 28 February 2017 (10:41:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0070.v1

A Western Dietary Pattern Increases Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Roberto Fabiani, Liliana Minelli, Gaia Bertarelli, Silvia Bacci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: dietary pattern; prostate cancer; systematic review; meta-analysis

Online: 6 August 2016 (12:30:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0012.v1

Preventing Diabetes—What Is the Potential of Daily Water Intake and Its Mineral Nutrients?

Johannes Naumann, Diana Biehler, Tania Lüty, Catharina Sadaghiani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: diabetes; water intake; mineral water; magnesium; bicarbonate; review; prevention

Online: 6 July 2017 (18:12:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1020055

Copper-to-Zinc Ratio Correlates with an Inflammatory Marker in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Mathias Emokpae, Emmanuel Fatimehin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: copper; c-reactive protein; inflammation; sickle cell disease; zinc

Online: 18 September 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0135.v1

Evolution of Serum 25OHD in Response to Vitamin D₃ Fortified-Yogurts Consumed by Healthy Menopausal Women: A Six-Month Randomized-Controlled Trial Assessing the Interactions between Doses, Baseline Vitamin D Status and Seasonality

Jean-Philippe Bonjour, Flore Dontot-Payen, Emilien Rouy, Stephane Walrand, Brigitte Rousseau

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: nutritional intervention; menopausal women; vitamin D3-fortified yogurts; serum 25OHD dose response; seasonality interaction

Online: 31 January 2017 (12:01:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0132.v1

Geography of Food Consumption Patterns between South and North China

Fangfang Song, Mi Sook Cho

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Chinese adults; north region; south region; dietary pattern; metabolic syndrome

Online: 31 October 2016 (02:51:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0047.v1

Dietary Sugars and Endogenous Formation of Advanced Glycation Endproducts: Emerging Mechanisms of Disease

Manuela Aragno, Raffaella Mastrocola

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: advanced glycation end products; fructose; glucose; lipogenesis; sphingolipids; NLRP3; Nrf2; mitochondrial dysfunction; oxidative stress

Online: 14 February 2017 (08:38:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0149.v1

Association between Alcohol Consumption, Folate Intake, and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Winta Yellow, William R. Bamlet, Ann L. Oberg, Kristin E. Anderson, Janet E. Olson, Rashmi Sinha, Gloria M. Petersen, Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rick J. Jansen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: pancreatic cancer; alcohol intake; folate intake; case-control study

Online: 20 March 2017 (08:29:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0092.v1

Effect of rice cooking methods on postprandial glycaemic response, satiety and palatability, and chewed particle size distribution

Louise Weiwei Lu, Bernard Venn, Jun Lu, John Monro, Elaine Rush

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Parboiled rice, medium-grain white rice, cold stored, reheating, blood glucose concentration chewing time, satiety, palatability.

Online: 17 April 2017 (05:35:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0046.v2

Influence of Chitosan Treatment on Surrogate Serum Markers of Cholesterol Metabolism in Obese Subjects

Dieter Lütjohann, Milka Marinova, Karsten Wolter, Winfried Willinek, Norman Bitterlich, Martin Coenen, Christoph Coch, Frans Stellaard

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: cholesterol synthesis; bile acid synthesis; cholesterol absorption; lathosterol; plant sterols; oxysterols; lipoproteins; lipid lowering; phytosterols; placebo

Online: 10 January 2018 (10:51:03 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0311.v1

Medicinal Plant-based Functional Foods for the Management of Neurological Health

Md. Nasir Ahmed

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: functional food; dietary supplement; phytochemicals; nutritional neuroscience; gut microbiome; personalized nutrition; Bangladesh

Online: 26 June 2020 (12:23:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0091.v1

Nutrition Support in Cardiac Surgery Patients—A Narrative Review

Aileen Hill, Ekaterina Nesterova, Vladimir Lomivorotov, Sergey Efremov, Andreas Goetzenich, Carina Benstoem, Mikhail Zamyantin, Michael Chourdakis, Daren Heyland, Christian Stoppe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: cardiac surgery; cardiopulmonary bypass; systemic inflammatory response; nutrition risk stratification; underfeeding; postoperative nutritional management; supplemental parenteral nutrition; enteral nutrition; pharmaconutrition

Online: 8 April 2018 (10:24:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0056.v1

Iodine Intake through Processed Food: Case studies from Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, 2010-2015

Jacky Knowles, Frits van der Haar, Magdy Shehata, Gregory Gerasimov, Bimo, Bettina Cavenagh, Cherry C Maramag, Edward Otico, Doddy Izwardy, Renecca Spohrer, Greg S Garrett

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Iodine; processed foods; universal salt iodization; case studies

Online: 19 July 2017 (23:41:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0165.v1

Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 during Resistance Exercise in Athletes

Rahman Rahimi, Hamid Shoker Nejad

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, anti-inflamatory cytokines, resistance exercise

Online: 23 May 2017 (07:30:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0516.v1

Plant-Dominant Low-Protein Diet for Conservative Management of Chronic Kidney Disease

Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Shivam Joshi, Rebecca Schlueter, Joanne L. Cooke, Amanda Brown-Tortorici, Meghan Donnelly, Sherry Schulman, Wei Ling Lau, Connie M. Rhee, Elani Streja, Ekamol Tantisattamo, Antoney J. Ferrey, Ramy S. Hanna, Joline L. Chen, Shaista Malik, Danh V. Nguyen, Susan T. Crowley, Csaba P. Kovesdy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Plant-dominant diet; low-protein diet; dietary protein intake; glomerular hyperfiltration; CKD prevention; uremia

Online: 31 May 2020 (21:22:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0118.v1

A National Dietary Assessment Reference Database (NDARD) for the Dutch population: rationale behind the design

Elske Brouwer-Brolsma, Martinette Streppel, Linde van Lee, Anouk Geelen, Diewertje Sluik, Anne van de Wiel, Jeanne De Vries, Pieter van 't Veer, Edith J.M. Feskens

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: dietary assessment; FFQ; recall; nutritional biomarker; validation

Online: 27 June 2017 (04:58:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0187.v2

Improving the Scientific Rigor of Nutritional Recommendations for Adults with Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review of the American Diabetes Association Guidelines Recommended Eating Patterns

Sarah Hallberg, Nancy E. Dockter, Jake Kushner, Shaminie Athinarayanan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Diabetes, eating patterns, DASH, Mediterranean, plant-based, low-carbohydrate

Online: 5 March 2019 (11:07:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0066.v1

Association between Malnutrition and Hospital Mortality and Duration of Intensive Care Unit Admission in the Critically Ill: A Prospective Cohort Study

Charles Chin Han Lew, Gabriel Jun Yung Wong, Ka Po Cheung, Ai Ping Chua, Mary Foong Fong Chong, Michelle Miller

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: malnutrition; nutritional assessment; hospital mortality; length of stay; critical illness

Online: 10 November 2017 (06:29:59 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0135.v1

Saturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Replacements for Saturated Fat to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk

Michelle A. Briggs, Kristina S. Petersen, Penny M. Kris-Etherton

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: dietary substitution; CVD; saturated fatty acids; protein; monounsaturated fatty acids; polyunsaturated fatty acids; dairy fat; refined carbohydrates; whole grains

Online: 18 May 2017 (04:01:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0259.v1

MOSH Syndrome (Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism): Clinical Assessment and Possible Therapeutic Approaches

Antonino De Lorenzo, Annalisa Noce, Eleonora Moriconi, Tiziana Rampello, Giulia Marrone, Nicola Di Daniele, Valentina Rovella

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: MOSH syndrome; lifestyle change; food addiction; aromatase activity; testosterone/estradiol ratio

Online: 30 March 2018 (06:19:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0178.v1

Nutritional Anaemia and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: The Protective Role of Breastfeeding for Two Years

Azza Abul-Fadl, Afaf Tawfik, Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: breastfeeding; mortality; obesity; overweight; stunting; wasting; education; life expectancy

Online: 20 March 2018 (10:29:32 CET)

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Background: The preexistence of obesity with nutritional anaemia is becoming an increasing problem in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Much controversy exists around the role of continued breastfeeding in alleviating the health and survival consequences of these problems in the region. Aim: To examine trends and relationships of nutritional anaemia (NA) in women and children under-five years of age (CU5) with obesity and breastfeeding practices in the EMR. Methods: Data from regional database banks of WHO and UNICEF for anaemia in pregnant and non-pregnant women and CU5 from 22 countries in EMR were retrieved, compiled, and statistically analyzed. Breastfeeding indicators for timely first suckle (TFS), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and continued breastfeeding for 12 (BFC12) and 24 months (BFC24), low-birth-weight (LBW), stunting, overweight, total fertility rates (TFR) and mortality rates (MR) were correlated with nutritional anaemia and analyzed by income groups into 5 low income countries (LIC), 11 middle income countries (MIC) and 6 high income countries (HIC). Results: Trends in mean prevalence of anaemia in women showed a concave curve increasing after a short decrease in the early 2000 in all income groups (P > 0.05). Trends in anaemia in the CU5 exhibited a steep decrease from a mean of 52.59 ± 16.4 in 2000 to 37.3 ± 14.9 in 2016 at P < 0.002, the steep decline was significant in HIC (P < 0.01) and MIC (P < 0.02), but not for LIC (P > 0.05). Anaemia prevalence in women and CU5 was significantly correlated to LBW, stunting, and with overweight and obesity in adults but negatively in CU5. All age specific MRs were highly correlated with anaemia in pregnant, non-pregnant and CU5 at P < 0.001 and TFR at P < 0.05. BFC for shorter durations was negatively correlated with anaemia in pregnant women (r-0.5) at P < 0.05 and was positively correlated in MIC and HIC. In non-pregnant women, BFC12 and BFC 24 correlated positively with anaemia prevalence in all three income groups at P < 0.01. Conclusions: Completing optimal breastfeeding for two years should be promoted to protect women and CU5 from anemia and obesity. Nutritional anemia during pregnancy increases regional rates of LBW, stunting and mortality. Spacing out births by encouraging longer duration of breastfeeding, to replenish iron stores, can help alleviate many of the health and nutritional problems in the region.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0079.v1

Sodium and Potassium Intake in Healthy Adults in Thessaloniki Greater Metropolitan Area—The SING (Salt Intake in Northern Greece) Study

Eleni Vasara, Georgios Marakis, Joao Breda, Petros Skepastianos, Maria Hassapidou, Anthony Kafatos, Nikolaos Rodopaios, Alexandra A. Koulouri, Francesco P. Cappuccio

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: salt; sodium; potassium; intake; MedDietScore; Greece

Online: 14 March 2017 (08:56:43 CET)

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A reduction in population sodium (as salt) consumption is one of the most cost-effective strategies to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and it is a global health priority. High potassium intake is also recommended to reduce cardiovascular disease. To establish effective policies for setting targets and monitoring effectiveness within each country, the current level of consumption should be known. Greece lacks data on actual sodium and potassium intakes. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess dietary salt (using sodium as biomarker) and potassium intakes in a sample of healthy adults in northern Greece and to determine whether adherence to a Mediterranean diet is related to different sodium intakes or sodium-to-potassium ratio. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Thessaloniki greater metropolitan area (northern Greece) (n=252, aged 18-75 years, 45.2% males). Participants’ dietary sodium and potassium intakes were determined by 24h urinary sodium and potassium excretions. In addition, we estimated their adherence to Mediterranean diet by the use of an 11-item MedDietScore (range 0-55). The mean sodium excretion was 175 (SD 72) mmol/day, equivalent to 4,220 (1,745) mg of sodium or 10.7 (4.4) g of salt per day and potassium excretion was 65 (25) mmol/day, equivalent to 3,303 (1,247) mg/day. Men had higher sodium and potassium excretions compared to women. Only 5.6% of the sample had salt intake <5g/d, which is the target intake recommended by the WHO. Mean sodium-to-potassium intake ratio was 1.34 (0.51). There was no significant difference in salt or potassium intake or their ratio across MedDietScore quartiles. No significant relationships were found between salt intake and adherence to Mediterranean diet, suggesting that the perception of the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet does not hold when referring to salt consumption. These results suggest the need for a larger nation-wide survey on salt intake in Greece and underline the importance of continuation of salt reduction initiatives in Greece.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0165.v1

Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Obesity in Korean Women

Jeonghee Lee, Hye Young Kim, Jeongseon Kim

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: coffee; obesity; body mass index; waist circumference

Online: 30 September 2017 (05:12:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0092.v1

Tracking Dietary Patterns over 20 Years from Childhood through Adolescence into Young Adulthood: The Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study

Elham Movassagh, Adam Baxter-Jones, Saija Kontulainen, Susan Whiting, Hassanali Vatanparast

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: dietary patterns; tracking; stability; longitudinal change; generalized estimating equations; childhood; adolescence; adulthood

Online: 20 June 2017 (09:00:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0380.v1

Current Evidence about Neem Extracts, the Molecules and Physiological Mechanisms Their Nutritional Components Interact with

Jose Francisco Islas, Ezeiza Acosta, Bruno A. Escalante-Acosta, María Guadalupe Moreno-Trevino, Jorge E. Moreno-Cuevas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: neem extracts; nutritional components; systemic diseases

Online: 31 May 2019 (08:44:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0064.v2

The Western Diet–Microbiome-Host Interaction and Its Role in Metabolic Disease

Marit K. Zinöcker, Inge A. Lindseth

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: western diet; microbiome; food processing; inflammation; metabolic diasease

Online: 19 March 2018 (07:31:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0098.v1

Margarines and fast-food French fries: low content of trans fatty acids

Iciar Astiasarán, Elena Abella, Giulia Gatta, Diana Ansorena

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: food composition tables; lipid profile; trans fat; fast food; spreads

Online: 20 June 2017 (11:34:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0032.v1

Qualitative Studies of Infant and Young Child Feeding in Lower-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Dietary Patterns and Their Determinants

Alessandra N. Bazzano, Aiko Kaji, Erica Felker-Kantor, Kaitlin Storck Potts

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: qualitative research; infant feeding; complementary feeding; breast feeding; low income country

Online: 8 August 2017 (12:00:26 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0555.v1

Up to 40% of COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients Have Vitamin D Deficiency

Teresa-Maria Tomasa-Irriguible, Lara Bielsa-Berrocal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; covid-19; vitamins

Online: 23 September 2020 (17:44:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0370.v1

The Effects of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse on Maternal Nutritional Profile During Pregnancy

Giorgia Sebastiani, Cristina Borrás Novell, Miquel Alsina Canovas, Mireia Pascual Tutusaus, Silvia Ferrero Martinez, María Dolores Gómez Roig, Oscar Garcia-Algar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: alcohol; drugs of abuse; pregnancy; maternal nutrition; fetal nutrition; FASD; IUGR

Online: 25 June 2018 (05:57:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0185.v1

Towards Individualized Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases Treatment: Does Pathophysiology-Based Approach Work and Can Anticipated Evidence Be Completed?

Rostyslav Bubnov, Mykola Spivak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: predictive preventive personalized medicine; Lactobacillus; Bifidobacterium; probiotics, gut microbiota; patient phenotype, individualized medicine; metabolic syndrome

Online: 11 September 2018 (06:00:03 CEST)

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The modification the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome and associated chronic diseases is among leading tasks of microbiome research and needs for clinical use of probiotics. Evidence lack for the implications for microbiome modification to improve metabolic health in particular when applied impersonalized. Probiotics have tremendous potential in personalized nutrition and medicine to develop healthy diets. The aim was to to conduct comprehensive overview of recent updates of role of microbiota on human health and development of metabolic syndrome and efficacy of microbiota modulation considering specific properties of probiotic strain and particular aspects of metabolic syndrome and patient`s phenotype to fill the gap between probiotic product and individual to facilitate development of individualized / personalized probiotic and prebiotic treatments. We discuss the relevance of using host phenotype-associated biomarkers, those based on imaging and molecular and patrient`s history, reliable and accessible to facilitate person-specific appication of probiotics and prebiotic substances. Microbiome phenotypes can be parameters of predictive medicine to recognize patient`s predispositions and evaluate treatment responses; the number of phenotype markers can be effectively involved to monitor microbiome modulation. The studied strain-dependent properties of probiotic strains are potentially relevant for individualized treatment for gut and distant sites microbiome modulation. The evidence regarding probiotic strains properties can be taken to account via pathophysiology-based approach for most effective individualized treatment via gut, oral and vaginal and other sites microbiome modulation according to phenotype of the patient providing individualized and personalized medical approaches. Preventive potential of probiotics is strong and well-documented. Recommendations for individualized clinical use of probiotics, and for probiotic studies design have been suggested.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0228.v1

Interplay between Mediterranean Diet and Gut Microbiota in the Interface of Autoimmunity: An Overview

Christina Tsigalou, Avgi Tsolou, Theoharis Konstantinidis, Efterpi Zafiriou, Dardiotis Efthimios, Alexandra Tsirogianni, Dimitrios Bogdanos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: autoimmune disease; autoimmunity; dysbiosis; Mediterranean diet; microbiome

Online: 21 January 2020 (02:58:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0461.v1

Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents. An Updated Review on Screening Methods

Maria M. Leti, Anca L. Pop, David M. Garner, Iuliana Dobrescu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: eating disorders; anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa; personality traits; screening tools; Covid-19

Online: 20 August 2020 (13:11:08 CEST)

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This article aims to review the screening and diagnostic tools for eating disorders (ED). Eating disorders represent a complex pathology defined by an imbalance between hunger and satiety, installed in an emotional, traumatic, or conflictive context. Recently, the emphasis regarding ED is focused on the link between genetics, mental pathology, and the somatic and metabolic phenotype and early detection. Early detection and intervention can assure a better recovery and can improve a lot the quality of life of these patients. Methods: We selected ten articles of central importance on the topic in a systematic search on eight databases, articles selected on the type of scales, and size of the study. Results: We identified eight questionnaire scales used in large trials in ED disorders in the scanned literature, choose because we consider it the most accurate and the ones that evaluate best the pathology and the elements that are important as specific traits in ED. There are interview-type scales and self-administered scales. Interview scales are characterized by assessments of symptoms and diagnosis, while self-administered assess particular traits and the possibility of further development of eating disorders. The majority of the scales evaluated were described and used in adult populations. From all the scales assessed and analyzed, only three are described at the child population – it is EAT-26 (> 16 years), EDI-3 (>13 years), and ANSOCQ (> 13 years). Conclusions: It is essential to develop specific scales for people under 18 years of age, given the increasing incidence of ED among children and the need for early detection and appropriate intervention. Early detection of ED in children implies a simple and accurate evaluation at the primary care level or in schools, as the course of the disease can be subclinical for several years. Moreover, the need for accurate scales and telemedicine testing and diagnosis is of high importance during the COVID-19 pandemic as youth are at particular risk being psychologically affected due to disrupted education and social interactions - at a critical time.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0081.v3

Developing and Validating an Age-Independent Equation Using Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Estimation of Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass and Establishing a Cutoff for Sarcopenia

Yosuke Yamada, Miyuki Nishizawa, Tomoka Uchiyama, Yasuhiro Kasahara, Mikio Shindo, Motohiko Miyachi, Shigeho Tanaka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: age-related skeletal muscle loss; sarcopenia; malnutrition risk assessment; DXA; multi-frequency BIA; aging

Online: 23 August 2017 (17:57:14 CEST)

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Background: Appendicular skeletal muscle (or lean) mass (ALM) estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered to be a preferred method for sarcopenia studies. However, DXA is expensive, has limited portability, and requires radiation exposure. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is inexpensive, easy to use, and portable; thus BIA might be useful in sarcopenia investigations. However, a large variety of models have been commercially supplied by different companies, and for most consumer products, the equations estimating ALM are not disclosed. It is therefore difficult to use these equations for research purposes. In particular, the BIA equation is often age-dependent, which leads to fundamental difficulty in examining age-related ALM loss. The aims of the current study were as follows: (1) to develop and validate an equation to estimate ALM using multi-frequency BIA (MF-BIA) based on theoretical models, and (2) to establish sarcopenia cutoff values using the equation for the Japanese population. Methods: We measured height (Ht), weight, and ALM obtained using DXA and a standing-posture 8-electrode MF-BIA (5, 50, 250 kHz) in 756 Japanese individuals aged 18 to 86-years-old (222 men and 301 women as developing equation group and 97 men and 136 women as a cross validation group). The traditional impedance index (Ht²/Z₅₀) and impedance ratio of high and low frequency (Z₂₅₀/Z₅) of hand to foot values were calculated. Multiple regression analyses were conducted with ALM as dependent variable in men and women separately. Results: We created the following equations: ALM = (0.6947 × (Ht²/Z₅₀)) + (−55.24 × (Z₂₅₀/Z₅)) + (−10,940 × (1/Z₅₀)) + 51.33 for men, and ALM = (0.6144 × (Ht²/Z₅₀)) + (−36.61 × (Z₂₅₀/Z₅)) + (−9332 × (1/Z₅₀)) + 37.91 for women. Additionally, we conducted measurements in 1624 men and 1368 women aged 18 to 40 years to establish sarcopenia cutoff values in the Japanese population. The mean values minus 2 standard deviations of the skeletal muscle mass index (ALM/Ht²) in these participants were 6.8 and 5.7 kg/m² in men and women, respectively. Conclusion: The current study established and validated a theoretical and age-independent equation using MF-BIA to estimate ALM and provided reasonable sarcopenia cutoff values.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0081.v1

Insulin Resistance Syndrome- the Sensitive IRS

Eleni Pellazgu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: insulin resistance; diet; exercise; microbiome; metabolic disorders

Online: 9 January 2018 (10:05:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0055.v1

The Effect of a Diet Moderately High in Protein and Fiber on Insulin Sensitivity Measured Using the Dynamic Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Test (DISST)

Lisa Te Morenga, Paul Docherty, Sheila Williams, Jim Mann

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: diet; dietary protein; dietary fibre; insulin sensitivity assessment; insulin sensitivity; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome

Online: 8 November 2017 (16:20:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0375.v1

Microbiota and LPS-Induced Obesity Inflammation: Therapeutic Implications

Raffaela Pero, Giovanna Fico, Olga Scudiero, Sonia Laneri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: LPS; microbiota; inflammation; intestinal permeability; obesity

Online: 20 July 2018 (04:56:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0148.v1

Phytochemical, Elemental and Proximate Analyses of Stored, Sun-Dried and Shade-Dried Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Leaves

Chukwuma C. Ogbaga, Fatima A. Nuruddeen, Olatunbosun O. Alonge, Onyinye F. Nwagbara

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: baobab; phytochemistry; elemental constituents; proximate analysis; nutrition

Online: 23 November 2017 (04:04:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0459.v1

Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation

Vinicius Cruzat, Marcelo Macedo Rogero, Kevin Noel Keane, Rui Curi, Philip Newsholme

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Nutrition; Amino acids; Leukocytes; Skeletal muscle; Gut; Liver.

Online: 24 September 2018 (13:20:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0082.v1

Dose-Dependent Effects of Oral Tyrosine Administration on Plasma Tyrosine Levels and Cognition in Aging

Ondine van de Rest, Mirjam Bloemendaal, Rianne de Heus, Esther Aarts

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: tyrosine; dose-response; aging; working memory; plasma amino acids; catecholamines; dopamine

Online: 18 September 2017 (15:48:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0149.v1

Dietary Magnesium May Be Protective for Aging of Bone and Skeletal Muscle in Middle and Younger Older Age Men and Women: Cross-Sectional Findings from the UK Biobank Cohort

Ailsa A. Welch, Jane Skinner, Mary Hickson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: aging; skeletal muscle; grip strength; sarcopenia; physical function; bone mineral density; magnesium

Online: 23 October 2017 (11:26:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0295.v1

Sex Differences in Nutritional Status and Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Patients in Lahore, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Amina Faheem, Qaisar Raza, Sanaullah Iqbal, Rakhshanda Batool, Umer Faheem

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases; Sex differences; Pakistani; Dietary intake patterns

Online: 23 May 2022 (10:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0223.v1

Animal and Plant Protein Intake and Obesity, Abdominal Obesity in Korean Elderly Population: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 to 2014

Ki-Byeong Park, Hyun Ah Park, Jae-Heon Kang, Kyoungwoo Kim, Young Gyu Cho, Jinyoung Jang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: animal protein; plant protein; elderly; obesity; glomerular filtration rate

Online: 27 March 2018 (11:23:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0509.v1

Effect of Randomisation to 6-Month Mediterranean versus Low-Fat Diet Intervention on Inflammation and Adiposity in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease; Preliminary Results of the AUSMED Heart Trial

Hannah L. Mayr, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Audrey C. Tierney, Teagan Kucianski, Jessica Radcliffe, Colleen J. Thomas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: inflammation; coronary disease; mediterranean diet; low-fat diet; C-reactive protein; adiponectin; visceral fat; body composition

Online: 26 July 2018 (10:33:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0218.v1

Scaling Up Obesity and NCD Prevention in the Eastern Mediterranean Region through Fat Reduction Intake Strategies at Population Levels

Ayoub Al Jawaldeh, Hanin Al-Jawaldeh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: NCD; Eastern Mediterranean region; Fat; SFA; TFA

Online: 17 April 2018 (06:24:29 CEST)

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NCDs are the leading cause of mortality globally which estimated 40 million death per year (68% of total death), with cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), around 60% of all deaths are attributed to NCDs. Two-thirds of NCD premature deaths are linked to 4 shared modifiable behavioural risk factors: tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol. These unhealthy behaviours lead to 4 key metabolic/biological changes that increase the risk of NCDs: raised blood pressure, overweight/obesity, high blood glucose levels/diabetes, and hyperlipidemia (high levels of fat in the blood). Globally, countries are already working towards agreed global goals on maternal and infant nutrition and on the prevention of NCDs, and both these include halting the increase in overweight and obesity and reducing NCD diet-related risk factors including reducing saturated fatty acids (SFA) and Trans fatty acid (TFA) intake. According to values reported for countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, average SFA intake is estimated at 10.3% of energy intake (EI), thus exceeding the WHO recommended level of 10% EI. Average TFA intake in EMR countries is estimated at 1.9% EI, which also exceeds the WHO recommended levels of 1% EI. The EMR region was reported amongst the regions with the highest levels of TFA intake. The highest SFA intake was reported from Djibouti, Kuwait, Saudi-Arabia and Yemen, while the highest TFA intakes were reported from Egypt and Pakistan. If countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region receive immediate public health attention, that toll of NCD-related morbidity and mortality can be considerably decreased if evidence-based preventive interventions are implemented effectively. In this context, reductions in saturated fat and trans fat intakes have been highlighted as cost-effective strategies that may hamper the growth of the NCD epidemic.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0187.v1

Plasmatic Fatty Acids Chemical Characterization after the Exposure to a Vegan Diet

Alan Espinosa-Marrón, Hugo A. Laviada-Molina, Angélica Moreno-Enríquez, Irving F. Sosa-Crespo, Fernanda Molina-Seguí, María Fernanda Villaseñor-Espinosa, José A. Ciau-Mendoza, Jesús Alfredo Araujo-León

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: gas chromatography assay; cardiovascular diseases; feeding patterns; lipids; nutritional status; vegan diet

Online: 19 June 2019 (15:47:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0131.v1

Clinical Management of Low Vitamin D: A Scoping Review of Physician Practices

Michelle Rockwell, Vivica Kraak, Matthew Hulver, John Epling

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: vitamin D; 25-hydroxyvitamin-D; 25-OH-D; screening; physician practices; low value care; test overutilization

Online: 16 March 2018 (07:14:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0105.v1

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Factors and Inflammatory Status in Adolescents with Obesity Enrolled in a Weight-Loss Program

Christopher Morrissey, Antonia Perez-Martin, Catherine Defoort, Cecile Raverdy, Delphine Masson, Catherine Tardivel, Sandrine Gayrard, Aurelie Goncalves, Myriam Carrere, Jean-François Landrier, Agnes Vinet, Marie Josephe Amiot

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: lifestyle program; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; parathyroid-hormone; anthropometry; cardiometabolic factors

Online: 8 August 2019 (12:16:44 CEST)

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Obesity in children is associated with vitamin D (VD) deficiency and cardiometabolic abnormalities. To analyze the effects of VD supplementation in adolescents with obesity enrolled in a weight-loss program. Adolescents with obesity (n=26) and with normal weight (n=23; controls) were matched for age, sex, and puberty stage. The obesity group followed a 3-month weight-loss program that combined a reduced caloric intake with interval training physical activity and during which they received or not VD supplementation (4000 IU/d) (n=13/group; random assignation). The anthropometric parameters (BMI z-score, fat mass); serum levels of 25(OH)D, calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH), cardiometabolic factors (triglycerides, HDL, and LDL cholesterol), fasting glucose and insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; diastolic, systolic and mean blood pressure, and inflammatory status (C-reactive protein, CRP) were measured at baseline and at the end of the 3-month program. At baseline, 25(OH)D concentration was lower and VD insufficiency (25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L) rate was higher (73% vs 22%) in the obesity than in the normal-weight group. All cardiometabolic factors were altered in the obesity compared with the normal-weight group. After the 3-month weight-loss program, 25(OH)D levels was >50 nmol in all adolescents with obesity, but only in 46% of normal-weight adolescents. Moreover, the weight-loss program improved the cardiometabolic factors, inflammatory status (CRP) and physical performance, but VD supplementation did not have any additional effect. Analysis only of the adolescents with obesity and VD deficiency (25(OH)D <50 nmol/L) at baseline showed a significant correlation between the change in PTH and CRP (p=0.02) in the supplemented obesity group, while the increase in 25(OH)D only tended to be correlated with CRP decrease. Vitamin D supplementation could reduce VD insufficiency in adolescent with obesity, but does not have any additional effect on cardiometabolic factors when combined with a weight-loss program.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0444.v1

Vitamin C to Improve Organ Dysfunction in Cardiac Surgery Patients—Review and Pragmatic Approach

Aileen Hill, Sebastian Borosch, Carina Benstöm, Christina Neubauer, Patrick Meybohm, Pascal Langlois, Neill KJ Adhikari, Daren K Heyland, Christian Stoppe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: vitamin C; ascorbic acid; cardiac surgery; antioxidant therapy; nutrient; oxidative stress; organ dysfunction; multi organ failure

Online: 27 June 2018 (12:29:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0171.v1

Antidiabetic Therapy in the Treatment of NASH

Yoshio Sumida, Masashi Yoneda, Katsutoshi Tokushige, Miwa Kawanaka, Hideki Fujii, Masato Yoneda, Kento Imajo, Hirokazu Takahashi, Yuichiro Eguchi, Masafumi Ono, Yuichi Nozaki, Hideyuki Hyogo, Masahiro Koseki, Yuichi Yoshida, Takumi Kawaguchi, Yoshihiro Kamada, Takeshi Okanoue, Atsushi Nakajima

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; Fibroblast growth factor; Gastrointestinal peptide; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Glucagon receptor; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; Sodium glucose cotransporter

Online: 16 January 2020 (11:44:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0629.v1

A Systematic Review of Literature on Representation of Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in Clinical Nutrition Interventions

Jaapna Dhillon, Ashley Jacobs, Sigry Ortiz, Karina Diaz Rios

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Health disparities; Underrepresented groups; Diet; Race

Online: 29 January 2021 (14:34:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0257.v1

Effects of Long-Term Walnut Supplementation on Body Weight in Free-living Elderly: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Edward Bitok, Sujatha Rajaram, Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, Keiji Oda, Aleix Sala-Vila, Mercè Serra-Mir, Emilio Ros, Joan Sabaté

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: nuts; walnuts; body weight; adiposity; obesity; elderly; energy

Online: 14 September 2018 (08:05:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0205.v1

Incorporating an Increase in Plant-Based Food Choices into a model of Culturally Responsive Care for Obesity in Hispanic/Latino Adults and Children

Pramil Singh, Jessica Steinbach, Anna Nelson, Wendy Shih, Mary D'Avila, Selene Castilla, Michael Jordan, William McCarthy, David Hayes Bautista, Hector Flores

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: diabetes; vegetarian; diet; nutrition; metabolic syndrome; disparity; child

Online: 17 October 2019 (15:24:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0427.v1

Effect of Spirulina maxima Supplementation and a Systematic Physical Exercise Program on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Overweight or Obese Subjects: A Double Blind Randomized, Crossover Controlled Trial

Marco Antonio Hernández-Lepe, José Alberto López-Díaz, Marco Antonio Juárez-Oropeza, Rosa Patricia Hernández-Torres, Abraham Wall-Medrano, Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: overweight; obesity; body fat; maximal oxygen uptake; double-blind; randomized controlled trial

Online: 24 August 2018 (07:40:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0005.v1

ChREBP-Knockout Mice Show Sucrose Intolerance and Fructose Malabsorption

Takehiro Kato, Katsumi Iizuka, Ken Takao, Yukio Horikawa, Tadahiro Kitamura, Jun Takeda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein; ketohexokinase; fructose; glucose transporter 5; glucose transporter 2

Online: 1 February 2018 (05:09:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0138.v1

Thyroid Nodules in Centenarians: Prevalence and Relationship to Lifestyle Characteristics and Dietary Habits

Yao Yao, Xianghui Chen, Shengzheng Wu, Liang Guo, Hao Zhang, Qiao Zhu, Jie Tang, Fuxin Luan, Yali Zhao, Faqin Lv, Yao He

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: thyroid nodules; ultrasound; lifestyle; dietary; betel quid; red meat; nut; centenarians

Online: 16 January 2018 (10:04:38 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Adequacy Among an Older Spanish Population with Metabolic Syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Naomi Cano-Ibáñez, Alfredo Gea, Miguel A. Martínez-González, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Dolores Corella, M. Dolors Zomeño, Dora Romaguera, Jesús Vioque, Fernando Aros, Julia Wärnberg, J. Alfredo Martínez, Lluis Serra-Majem, Ramón Estruch, Francisco Tinahones, José Lapetra, Xavier Pintó, Josep A. Tur, Antonio García-Ríos, Blanca Riquelme-Gallego, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Pilar Matía, Lidia Daimiel, Vicente Martín, Josep Vidal, Clotilde Vázquez, Emilio Ros, Pilar Buil-Cosiales, Andrés Díaz-López, Rebeca Fernández-Carrión, Montserrat Fitó, Jadwiga Konieczna, Leyre Notario-Barandiaran, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Eugenio Contreras-Fernández, Itziar Abete, Almudena Sánchez-Villegas, Rosa Casas, Araceli Muñoz-Garach, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, Laura Gallardo-Alfaro, Josep Basora, Olga Portoles, Miguel Ángel Muñoz, Manuel Moñino, Salvador Miralles Gisbert, Anai Moreno Rodríguez, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Antoni Palau Galindo, Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Dietary diversity; nutrient adequacy; metabolic syndrome; aging; PREDIMED-Plus study

Online: 18 March 2019 (09:25:48 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Metabolic Trajectories Following Contrasting Prudent and Western Diets from Food Provisions: Identifying Robust Biomarkers of Short-Term Changes in Habitual Diet

Nadine Wellington, Meera Shanmuganathan, Russell S. de Souza, Michael A. Zulyniak, Sandi Azab, Jonathon Bloomfield, Alicia Mell, Ritchie Ly, Dipika Desai, Sonia S. Anand, Philip Britz-McKibbin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: metabolomics; metabolite profiling; prudent diet; western diet; food provisions; diet records; nutritional epidemiology; mass spectrometry

Online: 22 September 2019 (15:20:34 CEST)

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A large body of evidence has linked unhealthy eating patterns with an alarming increase in obesity and chronic disease worldwide. However, existing methods of assessing dietary intake in nutritional epidemiology rely on food frequency questionnaires or dietary records that are prone to bias and selective reporting. Herein, metabolic phenotyping was performed on 42 healthy participants from the Diet and Gene Intervention (DIGEST) pilot study, a parallel two-arm randomized clinical trial that provided complete diets to all participants. Matching urine and plasma specimens were collected at baseline and following 2 weeks of provision of either a Prudent or Western diet with a weight-maintaining menu plan designed by a dietician. Targeted and nontargeted metabolite profiling was conducted using three complementary analytical platforms, where 80 plasma metabolites and 84 creatinine-normalized urinary metabolites were reliably measured (CV < 30%) in the majority of participants (> 75%) after implementing a rigorous data workflow for metabolite authentication with stringent quality control. We classified a panel of metabolites with distinctive trajectories following 2 weeks of food provisions when using complementary univariate and multivariate statistical models. Unknown metabolites associated with contrasting dietary patterns were identified with high resolution MS/MS and/or co-elution after spiking with authentic standards. Overall, 3-methylhistidine and proline betaine concentrations increased consistently after participants were assigned a Prudent diet (q< 0.05) in both plasma and urine samples with a corresponding decrease in the Western diet group. Similarly, creatinine-normalized urinary imidazole propionate, hydroxypipecolic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, and enterolactone glucuronide, as well as plasma ketoleucine and ketovaline increased with a Prudent diet (p< 0.05) after adjustments for age, sex and BMI. In contrast, plasma myristic acid, linoelaidic acid, linoleic acid, a-linoleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, alanine, proline, carnitine and deoxycarnitine, as well as urinary acesulfame K increased among participants following a Western diet. Most metabolites were also correlated (r > ±0.30, p< 0.05) to changes in average intake of specific nutrients from self-reported diet records reflecting good adherence to assigned food provisions. Our study revealed robust biomarkers sensitive to short-term changes in habitual diet for accurate monitoring of healthy eating patterns in free-living populations, which is required for validating evidence-based public health policies for chronic disease prevention.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0015.v1

Iodine and Pregnancy—A Qualitative Study Focusing on Dietary Guidance and Information

Maria Bouga, Michael EJ Lean, Emilie Combet

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: iodine; pregnancy; qualitative research; awareness; perceptions; nutrition

Online: 2 February 2018 (07:29:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0102.v1

Effectiveness of Acute Malnutrition Treatment at Health Center and Community Level with a Simplified, Combined Protocol in Mali: An Observational Cohort Study

Suvi T. Kangas, Bethany Marron, Zachary Tausanovitch, Elizabeth Radin, Josiane Andrianarisoa, Salimou Dembele, Issa Niamanto Coulibaly, Cesaire Ouedraogo, Marie Biotteau, Bareye Ouologuem, Soumaila Daou, Fatoumata Traore, Issiaka Traore, Marc Nene, Jeanette Bailey

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: acute malnutrition; combined protocol; community-based management of acute malnutrition; ef-fectiveness; Mali; mid-upper-arm circumference; moderate acute malnutrition; ready-to-use ther-apeutic food; treatment; severe acute malnutrition; simplified protocol; wasting

Online: 7 September 2022 (05:21:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0533.v2

Prospects of Nutritional Interventions in the Care of COVID-19 Patients

Sabiha Alam, Farhana Rumzum Bhuiyan, Tanvir Hossain Emon, Mahmudul Hasan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Macronutrients; Micronutrients; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Immunity; Complications;

Online: 26 October 2020 (11:26:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0109.v1

The Association of Dietary Patterns with High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italy

Martina Barchitta, Andrea Maugeri, Annalisa Quattrocchi, Ottavia Agrifoglio, Aurora Scalisi, Antonella Agodi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; Mediterranean Diet Score; Principal Component analysis; western diet; prudent diet

Online: 15 March 2018 (03:33:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0315.v1

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Factors among Vegetarians in Malaysia

Yuan Kei Ching, Yit Siew Chin, Mahenderan Appukutty, Wan Ying Gan, Vasudevan Ramanchadran, Yoke Mun Chan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: metabolic syndrome; vegetarian; vegetarianism practices; overweight; lifestyle behaviors

Online: 20 June 2018 (08:49:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0073.v1

Influence of Feeding Practices on Malnutrition in Haitian Infants and Young Children

Belén Irarrázaval, Salesa Barja, Edson Bustos, Romel Doirsaint, Gloria Senethmm, María Paz Guzmán, Ricardo Uauy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: breastfeeding; feeding practices; infant feeding; nutrition; malnutrition; pediatrics; primary health care

Online: 9 January 2018 (05:23:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0398.v1

Resveratrol Restores LINE-1 Methylation Levels by Modulating SIRT1 and DNMTs Functions in Cellular Models of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Andrea Maugeri, Martina Barchitta, Maria Grazia Mazzone, Francesco Giuliano, Guido Basile, Antonella Agodi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: retinal degeneration; DNA methylation; epigenetics; oxidative stress; inflammation

Online: 28 May 2018 (10:33:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0462.v1

When Polyphenols Meet Sphingolipids: Cancer Prevention and Therapy

Michele Dei Cas, Riccardo Ghidoni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: sphingolipids; ceramide; flavonoids; resveratrol; genistein; curcumin, nutrients; nutraceuticals; chemotherapeutics

Online: 31 May 2018 (08:26:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0403.v1

Olive Oil and Diabetes: From Molecules to Lifestyle Disease Prevention

Ahmad Alkhatib, Catherine Tsang, Jaakko Tuomilehto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: olive nutraceuticals; functional foods; exercise; nutrition; type-2 diabetes

Online: 26 June 2018 (09:37:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0063.v1

Strategies to Engage Adolescents in Digital Health Interventions for Obesity Prevention and Management

Stephanie R Partridge, Julie Redfern

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: engagement; adolescents; obesity; diet; prevention; management

Online: 5 June 2018 (11:21:25 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Factors Affecting Vitamin C Status and Prevalence of Deficiency: A Global Health Perspective

Anitra C. Carr, Sam Rowe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: vitamin C; vitamin C status; vitamin C deficiency; global health; dietary intake; obesity; smoking; communicable disease; infection; non-communicable disease

Online: 4 June 2020 (03:49:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0061.v1

Dietary Disparities of Urban Chinese American Children in New York City: Results from a Pilot Study

Stella S. Yi, Neile Edens, Ashley Lederer, Janet Pan, Yan Li, Simona Kwon, Jeannette Beasley, Chau Trinh-Shevrin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Asian Americans; child; diet; eating; feeding behavior; sodium, dietary

Online: 3 August 2018 (05:05:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0629.v1

The Relations Between Antioxidant Intake and Biomarkers of Bronchial Asthma by Smoking Status

Naser A. Alsharairi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: bronchial asthma; antioxidant; vitamins; minerals; supplements; biomarkers; oxidative stress; inflammation; smokers; nonsmokers

Online: 9 May 2023 (09:47:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0133.v1

Association of Blood Pressure with Blood Lead and Cadmium Levels in Korean Adolescents: Analysis of Data from the 2010–2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Jaeouk Ahn, Nam-Soo Kim, Byung-Kook Lee, Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: hypertension; lead; cadmium; blood pressure; combined exposure

Online: 16 March 2018 (07:22:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0457.v1

Nutrients, Nutraceuticals and Xenobiotics Affecting Renal Health

Carmela Cosola, Alice Sabatino, Ighli di Bari, Enrico Fiaccadori, Loreto Gesualdo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: CKD; renal function; nutrients; nutraceuticals; xenobiotics; inflammation; functional nutrition.

Online: 30 May 2018 (17:15:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0283.v1

Feasibility study of an Online 24-hr Dietary Assessment Tool: myfood24, in a clinical population

Carla Gianfrancesco, Zoe Darwin, Salwa Albar, Nisreen Alwan, Michelle Carter, Roz Haddrill, Linda McGowan, Michelle Morris, Eleanor Scott, Debbie Smith, Janet Cade

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: 24-hour recall; nutrition assessment; technology assisted dietary assessment; gestational diabetes

Online: 16 July 2018 (12:12:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0436.v1

Effect of Meal Frequency on the Loss Weight, Glycemia, Lipid Profile, Plasma Ghrelin and Energy Expenditure of Women With Obesity: A Clinical Trial

Érika Duarte Grangeiro, Mariana Silva Trigueiro, Leysimar de Oliveira Siais, Hilana Moreira Paiva, Mauro Sola-Penna, Eliane Lopes Rosado

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: obesity; meal frequency; hypocaloric diet; energy expenditure; ghrelin; weight loss

Online: 27 May 2020 (04:27:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0280.v1

Whole-Food Plant-Based Lifestyle Program and Decreased Obesity: A 10-Year Follow-up

Boštjan Jakše, Barbara Jakše, Stanislav Pinter, Jernej Pajek, Nataša Fidler Mis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: nutrition; plant-based diet; vegan diet; lifestyle; obesity; body composition; weight-loss

Online: 24 October 2019 (15:30:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0173.v1

High Energy and Carbohydrate Consumption among Mayan Community Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Karen Castillo-Hernández, Alan Espinosa-Marrón, Fernanda Molina-Seguí, Rossana Caracashian-Díaz, Hugo Laviada-Molina

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: diet composition; food culture; mayan community; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Online: 14 July 2019 (17:29:13 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Association between Nutritional Status, Dietary Habits and Pulmonary Function in Children with Allergic Rhinitis

Eliza Wasilewska, Sylwia Malgorzewicz, Magdalena Skotnicka, Ewa Jassem

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: allergy; pulmonary function; allergic rhinitis; asthma; nutritional status; obesity

Online: 14 July 2019 (17:35:01 CEST)

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Introduction: The rising trend in allergic diseases has occurred in parallel with an increasing prevalence in obesity, and suggesting a possible association. The increased body mass has numerous health consequences, including an impairment function of the respiratory system. The associations between eating habits and hypersensitivity to allergens have not been clarified sufficiently. Aim: to evaluate pulmonary function, nutritional status, eating habits and risk factors of obesity in children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis. Material and Methods: The study was performed in 106 children with allergic rhinitis (mean age 12.1+/-3.4; M/F 60/46) from the Department of Allergology. 43 (40.6%) of children presented only allergic rhinitis and in 63 (59.4%) additionally diagnosed with asthma bronchiale. Clinical data, detailed interview about allergies, assessment of pulmonary function and nutritional status, allergy skin test (Allergopharma) and spirometry (Jaeger) were evaluated. Nutritional habits were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done using the program Statistica v 10.0. Results: In the study group the mean centile of BMI was 49.4; underweight presented 25.4% of children, 55.6 % normal BMI and 18.8 % presented overweight or obesity. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant (adjusted R-squared: 0.97; p<0.05) association between high BMI and snacking between meals and low physical activity. No statistical association between the severity of diseases and BMI or body composition was observed. Conclusions: 1. The prevalence of excess body mass in the study group reached 13.5%. Eating habits were incorrect, especially obese children significantly more frequently ate snacks between meals than children with normal body weight. 2. Among the studied group of children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis and asthma bronchiale, the significant risk factors of obesity were snacking and low physical activity.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0354.v1

Effects of Gender and Obesity on Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Patients

Sushil Kumar Sah, Hua Zhang Tan, Sun Yu, Jin Feng, Yong Hong Zhang, Anil Kumar Shah

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: sleep apnoea; obstructive sleep apnoea; polysomnography; excessive day time sleepiness; obesity

Online: 16 September 2020 (07:19:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0009.v1

Enteral Nutrition in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

Jose Miguel Comeche, Pablo Caballero, Ana Gutierrez-Hervas, Sofia Garcia-Sanjuan, Iris Comino, Cesare Altavilla, Jose Tuells

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: inflammatory bowel diseases; enteral nutrition; systematic review; meta-analysis; Crohn disease

Online: 1 September 2019 (10:32:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0344.v1

Diet Quality Affects the Association between Census-Based Neighborhood Deprivation and All-Cause Mortality in Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study

Kayo Kurotani, Kaori Honjo, Tomoki Nakaya, Ai Noda, Tetsuya Mizoue, Norie Sawada, Shoichiro Tsugane

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: diet quality; neighborhood deprivation; Japanese areal deprivation index; neighborhood socioeconomic status; hazard ratios; mortality; Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top; well-balanced diet; early death

Online: 31 July 2019 (04:26:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0431.v1

Hesperidin Prevents Nitric Oxide Deficiency-Induced Cardiovascular Remodeling in Rats via Suppressing TGF-β1 and MMPs Protein Expression

Putcharawipa Maneesai, Sarawoot Bunbupha, Prapassorn Potue, Thewarid Berkban, Upa Kukongviriyapan, Veerapol Kukongviriyapan, Parichat Prachaney, Poungrat Pakdeechote

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: hesperidin; L-NAME; cardiovascular remodeling; oxidative stress; inflammation

Online: 21 September 2018 (08:15:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0082.v1

Overview of Meta-Analyses: The Impact of Lifestyle on Stroke Risk

Emma Altobelli, Paolo Matteo Angeletti, Leonardo Rapacchietta, Maria Mattucci

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: overview; meta-analyses; stroke; nutrition; geographical areas

Online: 6 August 2019 (16:18:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0292.v1

Effects of Breakfast Skipping on The Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus

Ram B. Singh, Ján Fedačko, Ghizal Fatima, Dominik. Pella, Viliam Mojto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Breakfast consumption; mortality; coronary diseases; obesity

Online: 29 April 2022 (08:20:22 CEST)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Dietary Fiber and Gut Microbiota in Renal Diets

carla Camerotto, Adamasco Cupisti, Claudia D'Alessandro, Fulvio Muzio, Maurizio Gallieni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: renal diets; fiber; renal nutrition; chronic kidney disease; gut microbiota

Online: 26 August 2019 (12:23:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0217.v1

Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Malnutrition among Adult Haemodialytic Patients: A Two-Centre Study in Jeddah Region, Saudi Arabia

Firas S. Azzeh, Waad M. Turkistani, Mazen M. Ghaith, Lujain A. Bahubaish, Osama A. Kensara, Hussain A. Almasmoum, Abdullah F. Aldairi, Anmar A. Khan, Ahmad A. Alghamdi, Ghalia Shamlan, Maha H. Alhussain, Reham M. Algheshairy, Abdullah M. AlShahrani, Maysoun S. Qutob, Awfa Y. Alazzeh, Haitham M. Qutob

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Protein-Energy Wasting; Modified-Subjective Global Assessment

Online: 25 April 2022 (04:53:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0310.v2

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of Differentially Expressed Genes in Green Tea against Methionine-Choline Deficient Diet in High-Fat Patients in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Sarbojoy Saha, Ishtiaque Ahammad, Shampa Barmon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; steatosis; NASH; gene set enrichment analysis; green tea; methionine-choline deficient diet; γ-linolenate biosynthesis_Homo sapiens_PWY-6000

Online: 29 September 2018 (07:53:35 CEST)

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The most common liver disorder nowadays is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and it is a progressive disease that rises in severity from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis to increase risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. It is a cause of great concern as there is an estimated seventy million Americans who are currently affected by NAFLD, and this is expected to only increase because of its association with obesity and diabetes and also a lack of therapies to keep its development and progression in check. In this particular study we performed a gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) of differentially expressed genes in a green tea against methionine-choline deficient diet in high-fat patients in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). The downregulated genes were used to perform an enrichment analysis and in the ARCHS4 TFs Coexpression database the most significant gene was found to be KLF5_human_tf_ARCHS4_coexpression. In the ARCHS4 Kinases Coexpression pathway database STYK1_human_kinase_ARCHS4 Coexpression was found to be the most significant gene. And finally for the upregulated genes a similar enrichment analysis was performed and in the humancy database γ-linolenate biosynthesis_Homo sapiens_PWY-6000 gene was discovered to be the most significant one. This study has used bioinformatics tools and the Enrichr software to perform a comparative analysis of differentially expressed gene sets for high-fat patients having a diet consisting of green tea against a methionine-choline deficient diet. Green tea is known to contain several antioxidants and polyphenols which provide protection against many liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). The present study simply tries to build awareness of this to the general public and allow them to learn more about certain diets which have protective effects against liver diseases. Hopefully by implementing these in their daily lifestyles the public can gain some form of protection against these types of liver disorders.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0240.v1

Evaluation of a High Concentrate Omega-3 for Correcting the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Nutritional Deficiency in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and effects on Hepatic Steatosis (CONDIN)

Derek Tobin, Merethe Brevik-Andersen, Yan Qin, Jackie Innes, Philip Calder

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NAFLD; omega-3 fatty acid; EPA; DHA; PUFA;

Online: 13 July 2018 (14:47:22 CEST)

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Background & Aims: This RCT aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of MF4637, a medical food comprising highly concentrated, highly purified, long chain (LC) omega-3 fatty acids, (460 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 380 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) in correcting the omega-3 fatty acid nutritional deficiency present in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The potential for MF4637 to reduce liver fat was evaluated in a subset of patients. Methods: 176 subjects with NAFLD were randomised to receive 3 g/d of LC-omega-3 fatty acids (n=87) or placebo (olive oil; n=89) for 24 weeks, in addition to following standard-of-care dietary guidelines for these patients. Thus, interventions were given on top of the dietary advice. The omega-3 index, omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio (primary outcome) and quantitative measurements of red blood cell (RBC) EPA and DHA (secondary outcome) were determined at baseline and study completion. Magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) assessment of change in liver fat fraction was conducted in a subset of patients. Results: Of the 176 randomised subjects, 167 were analysed for the primary and secondary outcomes (n=81 in the MF4637 group; n=86 in the placebo group). Supplementation with MF4637 for 24 weeks significantly increased the omega-3 index and absolute values of RBC EPA and DHA, and decreased the omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio in NAFLD patients compared to placebo (p<0.0001). There was a statistically significant reduction in liver fat content within both groups with no difference between them. An inverse relationship between change in absolute RBC EPA+DHA and change in liver fat, AST and ALT levels was seen suggesting that a greater increase in omega-3 content was associated with a reduction for both liver fat content and improvement in liver enzyme levels. Additionally, a significant liver fat-lowering effect of MF4637 compared to placebo was demonstrated in a subset of patients with baseline fatty liver index (FLI) score ≥ 40. There were no serious adverse events related to study interventions. Conclusions: The study results demonstrate that the medical food MF4637, was able to correct the nutritional deficiency of omega-3 in NAFLD patients above and beyond that obtained with nutritional counselling. This demonstrates that MF4637 is beneficial in raising the low omega-3 index observed in these patients. A reduction in hepatic steatosis was demonstrated with both intervention groups although no distinction between groups was seen. Further analyses demonstrate the potential to identify omega-3 sensitive patients using an easily available clinical tool for steatosis prediction.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0177.v1

Prediction of Weight Gain during COVID-19 for Avoiding Complication in Health

Samir Bandyopadhyay, Shawni Dutta, Sabyasachi Pramanik

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Overweight, obesity, deep learning, Convolutional layer, GRU, COVID-19, lifestyle.

Online: 10 May 2021 (11:22:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0299.v1

Impact of Strategies for Preventing Obesity and Risk Factors for Eating Disorders Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Ana Carolina Leme, Jess Haines, Lisa Tang, Karin Dunker, Sonia Tucunduva Philippi, Mauro Fisberg, Gerson Luis Ferrari, Regina Mara Fisberg

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Obesity; Eating Disorders; Adolescents; Prevention programs; Systematic Review

Online: 13 August 2020 (10:38:34 CEST)

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