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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0162.v2

Ankylosing Spondylitis Is Associated with Risk of New Onset Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Tsao Chien-Han, Jing-Yang Huang, Hsin-Hsin Huang, Yao-Min Hung, James Cheng-Chung Wei, Hung Yin Tsan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: ankylosing spondylitis; obstructive sleep apnea; population-based cohort study

Online: 17 January 2019 (04:52:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0706.v1

Infant Food Security in New Zealand: A Multidimensional Index Developed from Cohort Data

Deborah Schlichting, Ladan Hashemi, Cameron Grant

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: food security; paediatrics; cohort study; New Zealand; developed country

Online: 30 October 2018 (05:29:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0352.v1

An Ethnographic Approach to the Study of Folklore of Barumal Village in India

Avinash Gupta, Sneha Roy

Subject: Social Sciences, Anthropology Keywords: folklore, ethnographic study, Indian tribes, myths, social anthropology, Gujarat

Online: 24 May 2018 (14:25:07 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0334.v1

What Temperature of Coffee Exceeds the Pain Threshold? Organoleptical Methodology as Basis for Cancer Risk Assessment Including Feasibility Study

Julia Dirler, Gertrud Winkler, Dirk W. Lachenmeier

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: coffee; temperature; esophageal cancer; thermosensing; sensory thresholds; methodological study

Online: 26 April 2018 (08:05:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0146.v2

Family Business’s Transitioning to Circular Economy Model: The Case of “Mercadona”

Pedro Nuñez-Cacho, Valentín Molina-Moreno, Francisco A. Corpas-Iglesias, Francisco J. Cortés-García

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Business And Management Keywords: Circular Economy; sustainability; family business; model; case study; Mercadona

Online: 22 February 2018 (10:33:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0149.v1

Association between Alcohol Consumption, Folate Intake, and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Winta Yellow, William R. Bamlet, Ann L. Oberg, Kristin E. Anderson, Janet E. Olson, Rashmi Sinha, Gloria M. Petersen, Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rick J. Jansen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: pancreatic cancer; alcohol intake; folate intake; case-control study

Online: 20 March 2017 (08:29:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0658.v1

Kinetic Study of Fig Syrup Fermentation by Genetically Modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Sstrains. A Physicochemical Approach to the Yeast Strain Life Cycle

Konstantina Kassoumi, Dimitrios Sevastos, Athanasia Koliadima

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: alcoholic fermentation; kinetic study; yeast life cycle; genetic modification; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; reversed flow gas chromatography; kinetic study; rate constants; activation energy; fig syrup

Online: 9 January 2024 (10:32:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1746.v1

Perception of Selected Factors on the Sustainability of SMEs: Empirical Study from Visegrad Group Countries

Mária Hudáková, Juraj Cúg, Peter Karácsony, Zora Petráková, Ján Dvorský, Michał Bernard Pietrzak

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Business And Management Keywords: business risk; case study; questionnaire; SMEs; sustainability; Visegrad Group countries.

Online: 29 February 2024 (13:50:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1544.v1

The Impact of AI in Sdg Implementation: A Delphi Study

Simon Ofori Ametepey, Clinton Aigbavboa, Wellington Didibhuku Thwala, Hutton Addy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Sustainable Science And Technology Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Sustainable Development Goals; Delphi Study; Global Sustainability; Consensus

Online: 27 February 2024 (11:51:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1047.v1

Study Circles as a Possible Arena to Support Self-Care – A Swedish Pilot Study

Birgitta Kerstis, Jorgen Herlofson, Lena Wiklund Gustin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: mental health; mixed methods; self-care; self-compassion; study circles

Online: 20 February 2024 (04:37:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1832.v1

Sero-Epidemiology of Lumpy Skin Disease and Determine Community Awareness Level about LSD in Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia

Nebyou Moje, Adane Seifu, Gizachew Hailegebreal, Dereje Shegu, Gianmarco Ferrara, Serena Montagnaro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Agroecology; LSD; LSD outbreak; Sero Epidemiology Risk factor; Qualitative study

Online: 29 November 2023 (07:51:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0458.v1

The Onset of Musculoskeletal Pain in the COVID-19 Era: A Survey of Physiotherapy Students in Sicily

Rosario Ferlito, Pierpaolo Panebianco, Valentina Rizzo, Ignazio Prestianni, Marco Sapienza, Martina Ilardo, Maria Musumeci, Vito Pavone, Gianluca Testa

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: musculoskeletal pain; COVID-19 era; physiotherapy studies; study hours; questionnaires

Online: 6 June 2023 (12:11:56 CEST)

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Background: Online teaching has resulted in university students adopting a sedentary lifestyle. Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity due to pandemic restrictions have led to musculoskeletal pain in various body areas, significantly impacting the students’ quality of life. This study aims to investigate the effects of remote learning on Sicilian physiotherapy students during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically focusing on the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain. Methods: An observational study was conducted using an online survey administered through Google Forms. The survey consisted of 26 multiple-choice questions and was distributed to students enrolled in Physiotherapy programs at the Universities of Catania, Messina, and Palermo. Participants were contacted via social channels or email, and data collection spanned 5 weeks. The collected data were analyzed using R software. Results: A total of 128 questionnaires were collected. More than half of the students (51.6%) reported dedicating 15–22 h per week to distance learning for a duration of 6–12 months (50%). Regarding study location, most students preferred studying at a desk (82.8%), with slightly over half (57.8%) adopting a backrest while studying remotely. Analysis of the students’ posture during study hours revealed common positions, including tilting the head forward by more than 20 degrees (47.8%), leaning the trunk forward by more than 20 degrees (71.9%), both shoulders being hunched forward (57.0%), wrists positioned above the level of the elbows (46.1%), thighs pointing upwards (41.4%), and one or both feet in a downward or dorsiflexed position (69.5%). Conclusion: The questionnaire responses indicate that the lifestyle of university students, influenced by online teaching, has deteriorated, leading to musculoskeletal pain, including myofascial pain. These results are primarily influenced by the adopted posture and the duration of time spent in these positions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1102.v1

Linking Phenotypes to Protein Characteristics in 3D Structures Predicted by Alphafold

Atit Parajuli, Robert Brueggeman, Steven Wagner, Marilyn Warburton, Michael Peel, Longxi Yu, Deven See, Zhiwu Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Alfalfa; Plant Growth Vigor; Alphafold; Protein 3D Structure; Association Study

Online: 16 May 2023 (05:32:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0989.v1

Identifying Genetic Architecture of Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in a Ningxiang Indigenous Pig Population

Shishu Yin, Gang Song, Ning Gao, Qin Zhang, Hu Gao, Qinghua Zeng, Peng Lu, Kang Xu, Jun He

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: genome-wide association study; carcass length; meat color; genetic parameter

Online: 15 May 2023 (07:25:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0158.v1

The Health Silk Road: A Double-Edged Sword? Assessing the Implications of China's Health Diplomacy under Covid-19

Shaoyu Yuan

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: China; Covid-19; Health Silk Road; Case Study; Global Heath

Online: 3 May 2023 (13:08:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0097.v1

Prognostic Implications of Physical Activity on Mortality from Ischaemic Heart Disease: Longitudinal Cohort Study Data

Dalia Luksiene, Vilma Jasiukaitiene, Ricardas Radisauskas, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Martin Bobak

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy And Rehabilitation Keywords: physical activity; mortality risk; ischaemic heart disease; longitudinal cohort study

Online: 3 May 2023 (04:52:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0443.v1

A Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Dog Rabies in Northeast Tunisia

Sana Kalthoum, Raja Gharbi, Mehdi Ben Ali, Imed Ben Sliman, Nouha Haboubi, Khaoula Barrak, Khalil Fakhfekh, Rafika Ben Romdhane, Habiba El Hechri, Salma Boughanemi, Chedia Seghaier, Chokri Bahloul

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Rabies; dogs; Tunisia; risk factors; odds ratio; case-control study

Online: 27 March 2023 (04:06:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0508.v1

Dyslipidemia in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in a Rural Community in Ganadougou, Mali: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abdoulaye Diawara, Djibril Mamadou Coulibaly, Drissa Kone, Mama A. Traore, Dicko S. Bazi, Oumar Kassogue, Djeneba Sylla, Fatoumata Gniné Fofana, Oudou Diabaté, Mamadou Sangaré, Ibrahim Antoine Nieantao, Kaly Keїta, Mamadou Diarra, Jian Li, Cheickna Cisse, Talib Yusuf Abbas, Crystal Zheng, Segun Fatumo, Kassim Traore, Mamadou Wele, Mahamadou Diakité, Seydou O. Doumbia, Jeffrey G. Shaffer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: cholesterol; cross-sectional study; dyslipidemia; lipids; Mali; type 2 diabetes

Online: 28 January 2023 (01:29:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0198.v1

Urate-Lowering Therapy Use Among US Adults with Gout and the Relationship Between Gout Treatment Status and Associated Comorbidities

Marcos Ortiz-Uriarte, Jeanlouis Betancourt-Gaztambide, Alexandra Perez Rivera, Youssef Malak Roman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: gout; urate-lowering therapy; serum uric acid; pharmacoepidemiologic study; comorbidities

Online: 11 January 2023 (10:37:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0357.v1

Predictive Modeling of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease Using Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiles from Cerebrospinal Fluid

Nathan Hwangbo, Xinyu Zhang, Daniel Raftery, Haiwei Gu, Shu-Ching Hu, Thomas J. Montine, Joseph F. Quinn, Kathryn A. Chung, Amie L. Hiller, Dongfang Wang, Qiang Fei, Lisa Bettcher, Cyrus Zabetian, Elaine R. Peskind, Ge Li, Daniel Promislow, Marie Y. Davis, Alexander Franks

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: predictive modeling; biomarker; cerebrospinal fluid; cross-sectional study; neurodegenerative disease

Online: 24 January 2022 (12:59:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0016.v1

Perceptions of School Management on the Relationship between School Nutrition and Development of Non-communicable Diseases in a Rural South African District: A Qualitative Study

Sibusiso C. Nomatshila, Teke R. Apalata, Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Nutrition program; vendor system; qualitative study; obesity; non-communicable diseases

Online: 1 December 2021 (13:10:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0080.v1

The application of Artificial Intelligence to Ophthalmology: A bibliometric study (2000-2021)

Han Wang, Xiaoshu Zhou, Wencai Du, Lina Huang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Ophthalmology; Bibliometric Study; CiteSpace; Machine Learning; Deep Learning.

Online: 3 November 2021 (13:39:37 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Percieved trust in Public Authorities Nine Months after the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-National Study

Daicia Price, Tore Bonsaksen, Mary Ruffolo, Janni Leung, Vivian Chiu, Hilde Thygesen, Mariyana Schoultz, Amy Ostertun Geirdal

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: coronavirus; cross-national study; pandemic; public authorities; social media; trust

Online: 11 October 2021 (11:04:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0283.v1

Development and Quality Analysis of Instant Soup Mix from Moringa oleifera Pod Powder

Faruk Ansari, Alpana Singh, Sanjay Patidar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Moringa; pods; instant soup mixes; proximate; sensory and storage study

Online: 10 June 2021 (09:08:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0330.v1

Optimal Nutritional Factors Influencing the Duration of Mechanical Ventilation among Critically ill Adults in the Intensive Care Unit

Apinya Koontalay, Wanich Suksatan, Kantapong Prabsangob

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: cohort study; critical care; enteral feeding; mechanical ventilation; nutritional status

Online: 13 April 2021 (09:17:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0182.v1

Sterile Insect Technique: Successful Suppression of Aedes Aegypti Field Population in Cuba

René Gato, Zulema Menéndez, Enrique Prieto, Rafael Argilés, Misladys Rodríguez, Waldemar Baldoquín, Yisel Hernández, Dennis Pérez, Jorge Anaya, Ilario Fuentes, Claudia Lorenzo, Keren González, Yudaisi Campo, Jérémy Bouyer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: sterile insect technique; Aedes aegypti; suppression study; irradiation; vector control

Online: 6 April 2021 (15:27:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0689.v1

Mobility Patterns of the Portuguese Population During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study

Tiago Tamagusko, Adelino Ferreira

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: COVID-19; mobility patterns; Rt; changepoint; modeling; Portugal; Longitudinal Study

Online: 29 March 2021 (12:31:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0411.v1

Loneliness and Its Associated Factors Nine Months After the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-National Study

Tore Bonsaksen, Mariyana Schoultz, Hilde Thygesen, Mary Ruffolo, Daicia Price, Janni Leung, Amy Østertun Geirdal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: concerns; coronavirus; cross-national study; pandemic; social distancing; social media

Online: 18 February 2021 (11:02:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0092.v1

Different Responses to Stress, Health Practices and Self-care during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Stratified Analysis

Elena Bermejo-Martins, Elkin O. Luis, Ainize Sarrionandia, Martín Martínez, María Sol Garcés, Edwin Y. Oliveros, Cristian Cortés, Maider Belintxon, Pablo Fernández-Berrocal

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: COVID-19; health practices; stress; self-care; cross-cultural study

Online: 2 February 2021 (15:09:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0280.v1

Effects of 2019 Novel Coronavirus on Male Reproductive System: A Retrospective Study

Jinzhuo Ning, Wei Li, Yuan Ruan, Yuqi Xia, Xiongfei Wu, Ke Hu, Xuhong Ding, Xiaojun Wu, Lilei Yu, Jianlin Zhou, Zhangfan Mao, Wanzhou Xu, Weimin Yu, Fan Cheng

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; male reproductive system; a retrospective study

Online: 16 April 2020 (13:50:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0363.v1

Dementia Literacy in Greater Bay Area, China: Identifying the At-risk Population and the Preferred Mass Media for Receiving Dementia Information

Angela Yee Man Leung, Alex Molassiotis, June Zhang, Renli Deng, Ming Liu, Iat Kio Van, Cindy Siu U Leong, Isaac S.H. Leung, Doris Y. P. Leung, Xiaoling Lin, Alice Y Loke

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: health literacy; dementia; cross-sectional study; community; Alzheimer's Disease; knowledge

Online: 27 December 2019 (10:34:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0375.v1

Synthesis of Diabetic II Inhibitors Based on 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and their Molecular Docking Study

Muhammad Taha, Fazal Rahim, Shawkat Hayat, Manikandan Selvaraj, Rai Khalid Farooq, Sayed Adnan Ali Shah, Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: synthesis; 2-mercaptabezimidazole; sulfonamide; molecular docking study; α-amylase; sa

Online: 29 November 2019 (10:28:22 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Adequacy Among an Older Spanish Population with Metabolic Syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Naomi Cano-Ibáñez, Alfredo Gea, Miguel A. Martínez-González, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Dolores Corella, M. Dolors Zomeño, Dora Romaguera, Jesús Vioque, Fernando Aros, Julia Wärnberg, J. Alfredo Martínez, Lluis Serra-Majem, Ramón Estruch, Francisco Tinahones, José Lapetra, Xavier Pintó, Josep A. Tur, Antonio García-Ríos, Blanca Riquelme-Gallego, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Pilar Matía, Lidia Daimiel, Vicente Martín, Josep Vidal, Clotilde Vázquez, Emilio Ros, Pilar Buil-Cosiales, Andrés Díaz-López, Rebeca Fernández-Carrión, Montserrat Fitó, Jadwiga Konieczna, Leyre Notario-Barandiaran, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Eugenio Contreras-Fernández, Itziar Abete, Almudena Sánchez-Villegas, Rosa Casas, Araceli Muñoz-Garach, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, Laura Gallardo-Alfaro, Josep Basora, Olga Portoles, Miguel Ángel Muñoz, Manuel Moñino, Salvador Miralles Gisbert, Anai Moreno Rodríguez, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Antoni Palau Galindo, Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dietetics And Nutrition Keywords: Dietary diversity; nutrient adequacy; metabolic syndrome; aging; PREDIMED-Plus study

Online: 18 March 2019 (09:25:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0111.v1

Cyber Security Framework for the Internet-of-Things in Industry 4.0

Petar Radanliev, Rafael Mantilla Montalvo, Stacy Cannady, Razvan Nicolescu, Dave De Roure, Jason R.C. Nurse, Michael Huth

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Industry 4.0., Internet of Things, case study, cyber security framework

Online: 8 March 2019 (15:27:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0067.v1

Survey Study on Attitudes to Multi-Dimensional Sustainable Development Ladder with UK MSc Students

Gavin Melles

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: education for sustainable development, postgraduate students, united kingdom, survey study

Online: 7 February 2019 (10:15:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0213.v1

Earthquake Triggered Multi-Hazard and Risk Study Based on Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System

Aditya Saputra, Christopher Gomez, Ioannis Delikostidis, Peyman Zawar-Reza, Danang Sri Hadmoko, Junun Sartohadi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: earthquake multi-hazard and risk; coseismic landslide; outcrop study; liquefaction

Online: 18 December 2018 (04:37:30 CET)

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Yogyakarta City is one of the big city which is located in Java Island, Indonesia. Yogyakarta City, including study area (Pleret Sub District), are very prone to earthquake hazards, because close to several active earthquake sources. For example, Sunda Megathrust which often generates a big earthquake which can affect the study area. The Sunda Megathrust extends from north to south and west to east along the Sumatra and Java Islands. Furthermore, an active normal fault called as Opak Fault pass through right in the middle of Study area and divides the study area into east and west zone. Recently, after the devastating earthquake in 2006, the population of the study area increases significantly. As a result, the housing demand is also increasing. However, due to the absence of earthquake building code in the study area, locals tend to build improper new houses. Furthermore, in some part of the mountainous area in the study area, there are some building found in unstable slopes area. Due to this condition, the multi-hazard and risk study needs to be done in Pleret. The increasing of population and improper houses in Pleret Sub-District can lead to amplify the impact. Thus, the main objective of this study is to assess the multi-hazards and risk of earthquake and other related secondary hazards such as ground amplification, liquefaction, and coseismic landslide. The method mainly utilised the geographic information system, remote sensing and was fit up by the outcrop study. The results show that the middle part of the study area has a complex geological structure. It was indicated by a lot of unchartered faults was found in the outcrops. Furthermore, the relatively prone areas to earthquake can be determined. In term of the coseismic landslide, the prone area to the coseismic landslide is located in the east part of the study area in the middle slope of Baturagung Escarpment. The highly potential area of liquefaction is dominated in the central part of the study area. In term of building collapsed probability, the result shows that the safest house based on statistical analysis is the residential house with the building attribute of wood structure, roof cast material, distance more than 15 km from the earthquake source, and located above the Nglanggran Formation. Finally, the multi-hazard and risk analysis show that the middle part of the study area is more vulnerable than the other part of Pleret Sub-District.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0211.v1

Gait Study of Parkinson's Disease Subjects using Haptic Cues with A Motorized Walker

Minhua Zhang, N. Sertac Artan, Huanying Gu, Ziqian Dong, Lyudmila Burina Ganatra, Suzanna Shermon, Ely Rabin

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Parkinson's disease; motorized walker; haptic cue; gait pattern; statistics study

Online: 12 September 2018 (05:46:41 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0126.v2

Injury threshold of oral contact with hot foods and method for its sensory evaluation

Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Walter Lachenmeier

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: hot foods; temperature; esophageal cancer; thermosensing; sensory thresholds; methodological study

Online: 9 August 2018 (12:50:40 CEST)

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Epidemiological studies indicate an increased risk of cancer from the consumption of very hot foods and beverages. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has already recommended threshold values for the maximum drinking temperature of very hot beverages. The contact time and the contact temperature are decisive for the risk of injury when hot media come into contact with human skin. However, measuring the contact temperature is not easily possible in practice. In the present study, a numerical simulation based on the solution of the heat conduction equation was initially used to investigate whether and for what period of time a constant contact temperature is to be expected under oral conditions. For small circular 3-cm food samples (e.g., cooked potatoes) with 2.5 mm thickness in contact with the tongue, the simulation results in a constant contact temperature of 10 s before cooling. With a thickness of 0.5 mm, the contact temperature is only maintained 1 s. Hot beverages, which spread as a thin film and thereby increase their surface area, can therefore be consumed at higher temperatures than solid foods. Furthermore, a simple test technique with a "measuring spoon" was developed. A hot sample is placed on the tongue. Orientating measurements were used to determine which contact temperature was considered to be just comfortable for any period > 10 s and for which period of less than 10 s it was still just bearable. The contact temperature, which was still perceived as tolerable for periods > 10 s, was 46.5 °C. The time spans for the higher contact temperature 48 °C were between 2 and 4 s and for 49 °C between 1 and 2 s. The course of the contact temperatures determined in the experiment over time allows to calculate the corresponding threshold values of consumption temperatures for various foods. Consumption temperatures of about 56 °C for potatoes and 60 °C for cheese are still perceived as tolerable. In view of the fact that the contact temperature is obviously the determining factor for the risk of injury from burns in the oral cavity in addition to the contact time, it makes sense to reference threshold values to the contact temperature rather than to the surface or consumption temperature of a food product, which is current customary practice. If this contact temperature is defined as a threshold value, the surface or consumption temperature for any other food can be calculated.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0308.v1

Proposed Release of Wilderness Study Areas in Montana (USA) Would Demote the Conservation Status of Nationally-Valuable Wildlands

R. Travis Belote

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: wilderness study areas; light pollution; noise pollution; wildness; protected areas

Online: 24 April 2018 (06:25:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0031.v1

Concentrations of Carotenoids and Tocopherols in Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers and their Associations with Maternal Characteristics：A Cross-Sectional Study

Yong Xue, Esther Campos Giménez, Karine Meisser Redeuil, Antoine Lévèques, Lucas Actis-Goretta, Gerard Vinyes- Parés, Yumei Zhang, Peiyu wang, Sagar K. Thakkar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Breast milk; Carotenoids; Tocopherols; Colostrum; Lactation stage; Cross-sectional study

Online: 6 October 2017 (08:39:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0857.v1

Insights into How to Enhance Container Terminal Operations with Digital Twins

Marvin Kastner, Nicolo' Saporiti, Ann-Kathrin Lange, Tommaso Rossi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: container terminal; digital twin; emulation; simulation; terminal operations; Delphi study; questionnaire

Online: 12 April 2024 (17:04:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0821.v1

CSN1S1, CSN3 and LPL, Three Validated Gene’s Polymorphisms Useful for a More Sustainable Dairy Production in the Mediterranean River Buffalo

Alfredo Pauciullo, Giustino Gaspa, Yi Zhang, Qingyou Liu, Gianfranco Cosenza

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Mediterranean river buffalo; CSN1S1; CSN3; LPL; SCD; milk traits; validation study

Online: 11 April 2024 (14:53:59 CEST)

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The search of DNA polymorphisms useful for the genetic improvement of dairy farm animals lasts more than 40 years with relevant findings in cattle for milk traits, where the best combination of alleles for dairy processing have been found in casein genes and in the DGAT1. Nowadays, similar results are not reached yet in river buffaloes despite advanced genomic technologies and accurate phenotype records are available. The aim of the present study was to investigate and validate in a larger buffalo population the effect on six milk traits of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the CSN1S1, CSN3, SCD and LPL genes, previously reported to be associated with or affect dairy traits in smaller populations often belonging to one farm. A total of 800 buffaloes were genotyped. Daily milk yield (dMY, kg), protein yield (dPY, kg) and fat yields (dFY, kg), fat and protein contents (dFP, % and dPP, %), somatic cell count (SCC, 103cell/ml) and urea (mg/dl) were individually recorded in each month for the whole lactation from 2010 to 2021. A total of 15,742 individual milk test day records (2,496 lactations) were available on 680 buffalo cows with 3.6±1.7 parity (from 1 to 13) and 6.1±1.2 test day records per lactation on average. Three out four SNP in CSN1S1, CSN3 and LPL were associated with at least one of analyzed traits. In particular, the CSN1S1 (AJ005430:c.578C>T) gave favorable associations with all yield traits (dMY, p=0.022; dPY, p=0.014 ; dFY, p=0.029) and SCS (p=0.032), whereas the CSN3 (HQ677596: c.536C>T) positively associated with SCS (p=0.005) and milk urea (p=0.04). Favorable effect on dMY (p=0.028), dFP (p=0.027) and dPP (p=0.050) were observed for the LPL. Conversely, SCD did not show any association with milk traits. This is the first example of confirmation study carried out in the Mediterranean river buffalo for genes of economic interest in dairy field and it represents a very important indication for the preselection of young bulls destined to breeding programs in the view of a more sustainable dairy production.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1234.v1

In Curative Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer, There Is a High Possibility That 45 Gy in 5 Fractions Will Not Be Tolerated without a Hydrogel Spacer

Subaru Sawayanagi, Hideomi Yamashita, Mami Ogita, Taketo Kawai, Yusuke Sato, Haruki Kume

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: prostate cancer; stereotactic body radiation therapy; phase 1 study; dose escalation

Online: 20 March 2024 (17:18:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0411.v1

Methodology for identifying natural phenomena that form large floods using satellite data

Eugeniy Savchenko, Sergey Maklakov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: floods, climate study, Meteosat satellites, data visualization, remote sensing, satellite sensing.

Online: 7 March 2024 (07:50:58 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1536.v1

User Manual for Coping Strategies Inventory Short Form (CSI-SF) -The Jackson Heart Study

Clifton Addison, Brenda Jenkins, Monique White

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Jackson Heart Study; Coping; Validity; Reliability; CSI-SF Manual; African Americans

Online: 27 February 2024 (12:37:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1518.v1

The Mediating Effect of Affective Commitment on the Relationship between Competence Development and Turnover Intentions: This Relationship Depends on the Employee’s Generation?

Ana Moreira, Carla Tomás, Armanda Antunes

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Organizational competencies development practices; affective commitment; turnover intentions; generations; quantitative study.

Online: 27 February 2024 (09:19:22 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1728.v2

Study of the Conformation of Bromated Guanidines with Potential Anti-leishmania Activity

Eduardo Henrique Zampieri, Luana Ribeiro Dos Anjos, Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Santiago, Tainara Rosário da Silva Nascimento, Javier Ellena, Eduardo René Pérez González

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Guanidines compounds; Leishmaniasis; Bromination; NBS; X-ray and NMR conformational study.

Online: 26 February 2024 (12:02:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1050.v1

Seasonal Variation in the Gut Microbiota of Athletes: A Comparative Study of Japanese Handball Players

Kazuya Toda, Shin Yoshimoto, Keisuke Yoshida, Eri Mitsuyama, Noriyuki Iwabuchi, Koji Hosomi, Takayuki Jujo Sanada, Miyuki Tanaka, Hinako Nanri, Jun Kunisawa, Toshitaka Odamaki, Motohiko Miyachi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Gut microbiota; athletes; longitudinal study; alpha-diversity; Japanese male handball players

Online: 20 February 2024 (04:36:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1086.v1

Association Between the Combination of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Sleep Quality with Physical Frailty

Tsubasa Yokote, Harukaze Yatsugi, Tianshu Chu, Xin Liu, Lefei Wang, Hiro Kishimoto

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: physical activity; sleep quality; physical frailty; cross-sectional study; older adults

Online: 15 January 2024 (07:30:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0107.v1

Bibliographic Study of Biofilm Reactor: An In-Depth Analysis and Future Prospects

Yuanzhao Ding

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Biofilm reactors; Extracellular polymeric substances; Heavy metal immobilization; Bibliographic study; VOSviewer

Online: 3 January 2024 (02:36:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1184.v1

Integrating External Controls by Regression Calibration for Genome-Wide Association Study

Lirong Zhu, Shijia Yan, Xuewei Cao, Shuanglin Zhang, Qiuying Sha

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Genome-wide association test; case-control study; batch effect; data integration

Online: 15 December 2023 (12:15:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1178.v1

Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Newly Assembled Concrete Beam-Column Joints with L-shaped Steel Bars

Mengjiao Lv, Taochun Yang, Changlei Yin, Yongjie Pan, Mingqiang Lin

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Assembled beam-column joints; Experimental study; Seismic performance; Shear bearing capacity

Online: 17 November 2023 (15:12:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0379.v1

Unveiling the Nexus: Exploring the Impact of Corporate Governance on the Financial Performance of Acquiring Companies in the Indian Context

Debi Prasad Satpathy, Tarun Kumar Soni

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Humanities Keywords: Corporate governance; event study; firm performance; abnormal return; merger and acquisition

Online: 7 November 2023 (07:11:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1856.v1

Biomechanical Efficacy of Three Methods for the Fixation of Posterior Malleolar Fractures: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Study

Vincenzo Giordano, Márcio Antônio Babinski, Anderson Freitas, Robinson Esteves Pires, Felipe Serrão de Souza, Luiz Paulo Giorgetta de Faria, Pedro José Labronici, Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Orthopedics And Sports Medicine Keywords: Ankle fracture; Posterior malleolus fracture; Syndesmosis; Finite element method; Biomechanical study.

Online: 30 October 2023 (09:43:39 CET)

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We investigated the biomechanical behaviour of different fixations of the tibial posterior malleolus (TPM), simulating distinct situations of involvement of the tibiotalar articular surface (TTAS) through a finite element model (FEM). A 3D computer-aided design model of the left ankle was obtained. The materials used were divided according to their characteristics into ductile and non-ductile, and all materials were assumed to be linear elastic, isotropic, and homogenous. Three different fracture lines of the TPM were defined, with sagittal angles of 10º, 25º, and 45º. For biomechanical comparison, different constructions using a trans-syndesmotic screw (TSS) only (Group T), a one-third tubular plate only with (Group PT) and without (Group PS) a TSS, and a locked compression plate with (Group LCPT) and without (Group LCPS) a TSS were tested. FEM was used to simulate the boundary conditions of vertical loading. Load application regions were selected in the direction of the 700N Z axis, 90% on the tibia and 10% on the fibula. Data on the displacement and stress in the FEM were collected, including the total principal maximum (MaxT) and total principal minimum (MinT) for non-ductile materials, total displacement (desT), localized displacement at the fragment (desL), localized displacement at syndesmosis (desS), and Von Mises equivalent stress for ductile materials. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and multiple comparison LSD tests were used. For TPM fractures with a sagittal angles 10º and 25º, desL in the PT and LCP groups was significantly lower, as well as Von Mises stress in Group LCPT in 10º, and PT and LCPT groups in 25º. TPM fractures with a sagittal angle of 45º, desL in the LCP group and Von Mises stress in Group LCPS and LCPT was significantly lower. We found that any TPM fracture may indicate instability of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, even when the fragment is small. Our study showed that in fragments involving 10% of the TTAS, the use of a TSS is sufficient, but when the involvement is greater than 25% of the TTAS, either non-locked or locked plate must be used to buttress the TPM. In posterior fragments affecting 45% or more of the TTAS, the use of a locking plate is recommended.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0331.v1

A Long-Term Monitoring Survey of Diplectanum aequans, Parasite of the European Cultured Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus 1758) (Pisces: Teleostei) From Corsican Fish Farms

Laetitia MASALA-ANTONELLI, Quentin GODEAUX, Nicolas POIRON-GUIDONI, Paul-Antoine BISGAMBIGLIA, Yann QUILICHINI

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: aquaculture; disease control; Monogenea; Plathyelminths; population dynamics; ecological study; sampling effort

Online: 9 October 2023 (04:34:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1537.v1

Safety Evaluation of N-((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)piperidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) benzamide (Hu7691) by a Repeated Dose 14-Day Oral Exposure Toxicity Study in Rats

Renhua Gai, Chao Chen, Wei Zhang, Ma Jian, Xiaomeng Wang, Xiaoqing Chi, Guangxing Li

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Hu7691; 14-day exposure; Oral toxicity study; SD rats; Formulation; Histopathology

Online: 22 September 2023 (07:38:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1915.v1

The Effects of Diabetes and Being Overweight on Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome

Simona Kirbiš, Nina Sobotkiewicz, Barbara Antolinc Schaubach, Jernej Završnik, Peter Kokol, Matej Završnik, Helena Blažun Vošner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: post-COVID-19 syndrome; diabetes; overweight; COVID-19 pneumonia; observational study

Online: 29 August 2023 (03:18:29 CEST)

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In the aftermath of the COVID pandemic, post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) remains a challenge and may continue to represent a major health problem in the future. Moreover, the influence of type 2 diabetes and being overweight on PCS remains unclear. This study aimed to assess this influence. We performed an observational study from October 2020 to July 2022, which included 466 patients (269 males and 197 females) with a median age of 65. They were hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia and had persistent symptoms after 1 month of COVID-19 infection. The patients were divided into four groups according to the study objectives: patients with type 2 diabetes, overweight patients, overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, and normal-weight patients without type 2 diabetes. The clinical and demographic data collected during hospitalization and regular visits at the Community Healthcare Center dr. Adolf Drolc Maribor were analyzed. Our results showed that type 2 diabetes patients had a more difficult course of treatment and longer hospitalization. Moreover, more type 2 diabetes patients underwent rehabilitation than the other study groups. The prevailing symptoms in our patients with PCS were dyspnea and fatigue, mostly in female patients with type 2 diabetes. Our study also showed that more women with type 2 diabetes and more overweight women with type 2 diabetes suffered from secondary infections. Further, more overweight patients were treated in the intensive care unit compared to the other groups. However, our study showed an interesting result that patients with type 2 diabetes had the shortest PCS durations. Type 2 diabetes and being overweight are risk factors for PCS onset and prolonged duration. Therefore, our data that revealed a shorter duration of PCS in type 2 diabetes patients compared to the other investigated groups was unexpected. We believe that answering this question regarding the results will enable us to improve PCS treatment in general.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1847.v1

Teaching Data Science with Literate Programming Tools

Marcus Birkenkrahe

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Other Keywords: Data Science; Literate Programming; Teaching, Emacs; Org-mode; IDE; Case Study

Online: 27 July 2023 (10:31:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1104.v2

Setting Research Priorities for Effective Climate Change Management and Policymaking: A Delphi Study in Bolivia and Paraguay

Jorge Marques, Mario Guillo, Enric Bas, Makhabbat Ramazanova, Helena Albuquerque

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Sustainable Science And Technology Keywords: Climate change; Policymaking; Foresight; Sustainable Development Goals; Research priorities; Delphi study

Online: 18 July 2023 (08:48:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0906.v1

Waste-to-Hydrogen: A Sustainable Solution for Energy Generation and Waste Management in Nepal

Amarjeet Yadav, Vivek Mani Tripathi, Samim Ali, Adhishree Yadav, Vikas Raghuvanshi, Shazeb Khan, Dr. Vishal Chandra, Pramod Yadav

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Sustainable Science And Technology Keywords: Biohydrogen; Energy efficiency; Feasibility study; Sustainability; Renewable fuels; Waste-to-hydrogen

Online: 13 July 2023 (09:20:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1504.v1

Candidate Gene Association Studies in Atopic Dermatitis in Participants of European and Asian Ancestry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Alexandros Pontikas, Charalabos Antonatos, Evangelos Evangelou, Yiannis Vasilopoulos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Atopic Dermatitis; Meta-analysis; Eczema; Association study; polymorphism; SNP; candidate gene

Online: 21 June 2023 (08:29:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2162.v1

Corporate Social Responsibility and Return: Social Impact a Case Study of an Emerging Market Oil Industry in Stock Exchange.

Edmundo Lizarzaburu, Kurt Burneo, Conrado Diego García-Gómez

Subject: Social Sciences, Government Keywords: oil industry; corporate social responsibility; emerging market; social impact; case study

Online: 31 May 2023 (03:13:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0779.v1

The Psychological Impact of Covid-19: A National Survey among Iranian Citizens

Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz, Nasibeh Zanjari, Ahmad Delbari, Mahshid Forughan

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Emotions; Iran; National Survey; Online Study; Psychological Impact

Online: 11 May 2023 (04:17:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0084.v1

Challenges of Dark Stores and Urban Planning: A Case Study of B-Mart, Seoul

Ji-Hyon Hwang, Yong-Jin Kim

Subject: Social Sciences, Urban Studies And Planning Keywords: Dark Store; Micro-Fulfillment Center; Case Study; Online Shopping, COVID-19

Online: 2 May 2023 (10:58:28 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0427.v1

Characterization and Assessment of Water Quality using Statistical Analysis for Tiruchirappalli City, Tamil Nadu, India

Swagata Chakraborty, J. Fowmitha Banu, K. Sridhar, P. Vignesh, P. Kalaipriya, M. Govindaraju

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: Correlation study; Regression analysis; Physicochemical parameters; quality of water; Electrical conductivity

Online: 24 March 2023 (07:50:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0269.v1

Occupational Stress and Burnout among Intensive Care Unit Nurses during the Pandemic: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Nurses in COVID and non-COVID Units

Pratima Saravanan, Tariq Nisar, Qian Zhang, Faisal Masud, Farzan Sasangohar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: critical care; physiological measurement; nursing and nursing systems; naturalistic study; fatigue

Online: 15 November 2022 (03:18:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0178.v1

A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals New Genes in a Molecular Network Associated With Alcohol Dependence and Related Clinical Measures

Anastasia Levchenko, Sergey Malov, Alexey Antonik, Anastasia Protsvetkina, Kseniya V. Rybakova, Alexander Kanapin, Alexey N. Yakovlev, Anna Y. Nenasteva, Anton E. Nikolishin, Nikolay Cherkasov, Natalia A. Chuprova, Anna S. Blagonravova, Angelica V. Sergeeva, Tatyana V. Zhilyaeva, Maria K. Denisenko, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Alexander O. Kibitov, And Evgeny M. Krupitsky

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: alcohol dependence; comorbidity; gene network; genome-wide association study; sex differences

Online: 9 August 2022 (10:35:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0226.v2

Paleomagnetic-Radiometric Mapping of the Transition Zone from Ocean to the Continent: A Review

Lev V. Eppelbaum, Youri I. Katz

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: paleomagnetic mapping; paleomagnetic profiling; radiometric dating; tectonic-structural interpretation; integrated study

Online: 5 May 2022 (05:00:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0520.v1

Video-Based Communication and its Association with Loneliness, Mental Health and Quality of Life among Older People during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Tore Bonsaksen, Hilde Thygesen, Janni Leung, Mary C. Ruffolo, Mariyana Schoultz, Daicia Price, Amy Østertun Geirdal

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: coronavirus; cross-national study; pandemic; physical distancing; psychological outcomes; social distancing

Online: 19 April 2021 (22:23:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0121.v1

Challenges of UAVs Adoption for Agricultural Pesticide Spraying: A Social Cognitive Perspective

Ting-Chu Hsieh, Ming-Chien Hung, Mai-Lun Chiu, Pay-Jiing Wu

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicles; smart farming; precision agriculture; technological frames; case study

Online: 12 January 2020 (14:48:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0086.v1

Chemical Ordering in Na-Pb and Na-Hg Binary Liquid Alloys

Ayideji Akintunde Ajayi, Enoch Debayo Ogunmola

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: binary liquid alloy; chemical ordering; sodium; theoretical study; Warren-Cowley parameter

Online: 9 May 2017 (11:28:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0079.v1

Multiple Disparities in Adult Mortality in Relation to Social and Health Care: Results from Different Data Sources

Chhabi Ranabhat, Chun-Bae Kim, Myung-Bae Park, Chang-Soo Kim, Hyoung Sun Jeong, Sang Baek Koh, Sei-Jin Chang

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: adult mortality; disparity; political instability; universal health coverage; cross-country study

Online: 8 August 2016 (12:01:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0526.v1

Pressure-Driven Responses in Cd₂SiO₄ and Hg₂GeO₄ Minerals: A Comparative Study

Jaspreet Singh, Venkatakrishnan Kanchana, Daniel Errandonea, Ganapathy Vaitheeswaran

Subject: Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics Keywords: Thenardite-type mineral; First-principles calculations; High-pressure study; Electronic band structure

Online: 8 March 2024 (12:58:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1562.v1

A Pilot Study of SATELLITE Education on Nurses’ Knowledge and Confidence toward Assessing and Caring for Female Victims of Sexual Violence

Ratchneewan Ross, Francine Hebert Sheppard, Monir M Almotairy, Joelle Hirst, Marjorie Jenkins

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Nursing Keywords: Sexual violence; screening; care guide; feasibility; acceptability; efficacy; knowledge; confidence; pilot study

Online: 28 February 2024 (03:14:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0094.v1

Hybrid Maker Spaces and the Circular City: A Case Study of Leuven, Belgium

Ingrid Schroder, Reham Elwakil, Koen Steemers

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Architecture Keywords: maker spaces; circular cities; urban manufacturing; circular economy; case study; Leuven; Maakleerplek

Online: 1 December 2023 (16:33:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0871.v1

Implants Placed with a Ring Technique Using Inlay and Onlay Block Xenografts in the Mandible of Rabbits

Naoki Kaneko, Samuel Porfirio Xavier, Kenzo Morinaga, Daniele Botticelli, Erick Ricardo Silva, Yasushi Nakajima, Shunsuke Baba

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: animal study; bone healing; histology; lateral augmentation; bone transplantation; biomaterial; bone defect

Online: 14 November 2023 (11:16:45 CET)

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Background: Xenogenous bone has been proposed as an alternative to overcome the disadvantages of autogenous grafting. The aim of the present study was to study bone dynamics at inlay and onlay xenografts used for bone augmentation applying a ring technique. Methods: The bone at the lateral surface of the mandibular angle of 12 adult male New Zealand White rabbits was exposed bilaterally. The cortical layer received multiple perforations at one side of the mandible and a xenograft block of collagenated cancellous equine bone, 7 mm in diameter and 3 mm in width, was fixed on the prepared surface using an implant (onlay group). On the opposite side, a defect 7 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth was prepared, the xenograft block was adapted to the defect and fixed with an implant (inlay group). Results: After ten weeks of healing, in the onlay grafts, new bone was mainly formed on the trabeculae surface, reaching in some specimens the most coronal regions of the block. In the inlay grafts, new bone was found arranged on the trabecular surfaces but also occupying the spaces among the trabeculae. The entrance of the defect was often found close at the top of the block by newly formed bone. A higher percentage of new bone was found in the inlay (19.0 ±9.3%) compared to the onlay (10.4 ±7.4%) groups (p=0.031). The mean gain in osseointegration at the implant in relation to the base of the original 3 mm deep defect was 0.95 ±1.05% at the onlay group and 0.78 ±0.71% at the inlay group (p=0.603). Conclusion: The inlay grafts exhibited a higher new bone percentage than the onlay grafts possibly due to the defect conformation that presented more sources for bone formation. The trabecular conformation and the composition of the grafts made possible the expression of the osteoconductive properties of the material used. This resulted, in several specimens, in growth of bone on the graft trabeculae toward the most superior regions in both groups, and in the closure of the coronal entrance of the defects in the inlay group.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1379.v1

Kernel Bioassay Evaluation of Maize Ear Rot and Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Identifying Genetic Loci Associated with Resistance to Fusarium graminearum Infection

Jihai Zhang, Haoya Shi, Yong Yang, Cheng Zeng, Zheyi Jia, Tieli Ma, Mengyang Wu, Juan Du, Ning Huang, Guangtang Pan, Zhilong Li, Guangsheng Yuan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: maize; Gibberella ear rot; Fusarium graminearum; genome-wide association study; kernel bioassay

Online: 23 October 2023 (09:43:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1458.v1

Tracing the Uncharted Odyssey: A 2017-2022 Tracer Study of the College of Arts and Sciences Alumni's Career Paths

Edgar R. Eslit

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Humanities Keywords: Alumni's Career Paths; College of Arts and Sciences; Tracer Study; Uncharted Odyssey

Online: 21 September 2023 (07:58:27 CEST)

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In a rapidly evolving educational and economic landscape, exacerbated by the unforeseen ripple effects of the pandemic, this qualitative tracer study, encompassing 30 alumni participants from batches 2017 to 2022, delves into the professional journeys of College of Arts and Sciences alumni from St. Michael's College in Iligan City, Philippines. Combining in-depth literature reviews, astute observations, insightful informal interviews, and rigorous thematic analysis, this research unveils invaluable insights. The findings resonate with a clarion call for educational institutions to synchronize curricula with industry requisites, nurturing graduates with the critical thinking and communication skills imperative for heightened employability. Amidst this voyage, it becomes evident that personal aspirations wield remarkable influence in carving distinct career trajectories, underscoring the indispensable role of comprehensive career guidance and counseling within educational domains. Noteworthy is the profound impact of the ever-changing economic dynamics of the Philippines on the employability of these alumni, demanding perpetual adaptation in educational paradigms. Remarkably, the collective contributions of these graduates span diverse academic programs, attesting to their positive workforce imprint. Further exploration reveals a substantial proportion engaging in post-graduate education and training to enrich their qualifications. In a remarkable testament to their educational journey, alumni manifest a notably high level of job satisfaction, buoyed by facets like work-life equilibrium and employment stability. Overall, this tracer study is poised to drive transformative shifts in higher education, advocating for curricular harmonization, amplified career support, holistic skill cultivation, resilience to economic fluctuations, and sustained research to remain aligned with the dynamic job market. It serves as a catalyst in shaping an empowered, content, and adaptive workforce for tomorrow's challenges and opportunities.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0756.v1

Healing of Collagenated Cancellous Equine Bone Blocks Used as Inlay or Onlay for Lateral Bone Augmentation in Rabbits

Ryuichi Sakaguchi, Samuel Porfirio Xavier, Kenzo Morinaga, Daniele Botticelli, Erick Ricardo Silva, Yasuhi Nakajima, Shunsuke Baba

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: animal study; bone healing; histology; lateral augmentation; bone transplantation; biomaterial; bone defect

Online: 13 September 2023 (05:48:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0162.v1

Outcome at 7 Years of Age of Former Very Preterm Neonates Treated with Repeated Surfactant for Prolonged Respiratory Distress in the Neonatal Period

Jean-Michel Hascoet, Hélène Deforge, Silvia Demoulin, Jean-Charles Picaud, Veronique Zupan, Isabelle Ligi, Francois Moreau, Aurelie Labarre, Patrick Daoud, Laurent Storme, Claude Bonabel, Isabelle Hamon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: extreme prematurity; surfactant; outcome; children; longitudinal study; pulmonary function testing; neurodevelopment; asthma

Online: 5 September 2023 (05:08:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1027.v1

Research on Flow-Induced Excitation Characteristics of a Four Way Reversing Valve

Ke-Peng Zhang, Da-Zhuan Wu, Ya-Dong Yuan, Jia-Feng Zhu, Zhong-Bo Feng, Jian-Jun Li, Li-Hua Xuan, Yun-Jun Xiong

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: refrigeration and cryogenic engineering; reversing valve; computational fluid dynamics (CFD); performance study

Online: 14 June 2023 (09:21:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0109.v1

Bibliometric Study of Authorship Pattern Literature

Deep Kumar Kirtania

Subject: Social Sciences, Library And Information Sciences Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis; Authorship Pattern; Authorship Study; Collaborative Authorship; Degree of Collaboration; Scopus

Online: 7 April 2023 (03:54:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0226.v1

Parameterization of Eddy Mass Transport in the Arctic Seas based on the Sensitivity Analysis of Large-scale Flows

Gennady Platov, Dina Iakshina, Elena Golubeva

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: eddy mass transport; subgrid-scale processes; parametrization; Arctic ocean; sensitivity study; clustering

Online: 13 December 2022 (04:19:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0179.v1

Measurement Uncertainty Interval In Case of a Known Relationship between Precision and Mean

Steffen Uhlig, Bertrand Colson, Petra Gowik

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: In-house validation study; reproducibility precision; measurement uncertainty; prediction interval; uncertainty interval

Online: 9 August 2022 (10:56:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0164.v1

The Impact of Rare Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Variants on the Genomic Evaluation of Dairy Cattle

Tomasz Suchocki, Michalina Jakimowicz, Andrzej Zarnecki, Arkadiusz Dziech, Joanna Szyda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: rare variants; genome-wide association study; validation test; SNP chip; genomic selection

Online: 11 February 2022 (15:59:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0307.v1

Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid as a Chemopreventive Agent on Experimentally Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis

Emad Alqalshy, Amr Mohamed Ibrahim, Ahmed Abdel-Shakour Abdel-Hafiz, Kamal Abd AbdEl-Rahman, Magdy Alazzazi, Mohamed Omar, Amr Saad Abdel-Wahab

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: Docosahexaenoic acid; Chemoprevention; Bcl-2 family; Experimental Study; Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis.

Online: 20 January 2022 (13:41:39 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Genome-Wide Study Suggests an Association of the Enhancer rs10419198 for PRR12 Gene with Disordered Eating Behavior in the Mexican Population

José Jaime Martínez-Magaña, Sandra Hernandez, Ana Rosa Garcia, Valeria Cardoso-Barajas, Emmanuel Sarmiento, Beatriz Camarena, Alejandro Caballero, Laura Gonzalez, Jorge Ameth Villatoro-Velazquez, Maria Elena Medina-Mora, Marycarmen Bustos-Gamiño, Clara Fleiz-Bautista, Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zarate, Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop, Humberto Nicolini, Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: feeding and eating disorder; genome-wide association study; methylation quantitative trait loci

Online: 8 October 2021 (14:23:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0599.v2

Clinical Experience with the Fifth-Generation of a Breast Implant with a Smooth, Fine Surface from a Korean Manufacturer in Asian Women

Dong Yeon Hwang, Sang Wha Kim, Joon Yong Jung

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Clinical Study; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Postoperative Period; Follow-Up Studies.

Online: 28 July 2021 (16:56:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0125.v1

Oocyte Vitrification for Fertility Preservation in Women with Benign Gynecologic Disease: National Clinical Practice Guidelines Developed by a Modified Delphi Consensus Process

Blandine Courbiere, Enora Le Roux, Emmanuelle Mathieu d’Argent, Antoine Torre, Catherine Patrat, Christophe Poncelet, Jacques Montagut, Anne-Sophie Gremeau, Hélène Creux, Maëliss Peigné, Isabella Chanavaz-Lacheray, Lara Dirian, Xavier Fritel, Jean-Luc Pouly, Arnaud Fauconnier

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Fertility preservation; oocyte vitrification; benign gynecologic disease; modified Delphi method; consensus study

Online: 6 July 2021 (08:17:55 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0022.v1

A Case Study on the Perceptions of Forest Owners on Restoring the Forests after a Wildfire in the Treuenbrietzen Forest of Brandenburg, Germany

Regine Frank, Katrin Fröhlich, Somidh Saha

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Wildfire; Private Forest; Reforestation; Southeast Germany; Qualitative Study; Pine Monoculture; Mixed Forest

Online: 4 May 2021 (14:13:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0316.v1

Valproic Acid-Induced Liver Injury: A Case-Control Study from a Prospective Pharmacovigilance Program in a Tertiary Hospital

Enrique Seco Meseguer, Mikel Urroz Elizalde, Alberto M. Borobia, Elena Ramírez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Valproic acid; Drug-induced liver injury; Adverse drug reaction; Case-control study

Online: 18 January 2021 (11:11:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0339.v1

Association between Psychological Factors and Evacuation Status and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Prospective Study of the Fukushima Health Management Survey

Toshiki Sanoh, Eri Eguchi, Tetsuya Ohira, Fumikazu Hayashi, Masaharu Maeda, Seiji Yasumura, Yuriko Suzuki, Hirooki Yabe, Atsushi Takahashi, Kanae Takase, Mayumi Harigane, Takashi Hisamatsu, Keiki Ogino, Hideyuki Kanda, Kenji Kamiya

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: Great East Japan Earthquake; disaster; cardiovascular disease; psychological factors; evacuation; prospective study

Online: 16 September 2020 (03:01:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0252.v1

Comparative Study of Organic and Inorganic Modification of Chinese Fir Wood Based on the Respiratory Impregnation Method

Ping Li, Yuan Zhang, Yingfeng Zuo, Jianxiong Lu, Guangming Yuan, Yiqiang Wu

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: Chinese fir wood; sodium silicate; phenol formaldehyde oligomer; respiratory impregnation; comparative study

Online: 25 August 2019 (15:32:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0130.v1

Maternal Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain and Their Association with Pregnancy Complications and Perinatal Conditions

Martin Simko, Adrian Totka, Diana Vondrova, Martin Samohyl, Jana Jurkovicova, Michal Trnka, Anna Cibulkova, Juraj Stofko, Lubica Argalasova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: retrospective hospital-based study, overweight, obesity, pregnancy pathologies, caesarean section, weight gain

Online: 10 April 2019 (12:34:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0662.v1

Current Situation and Future Perspectives of the Romanian Renewable Energy

Ştefan Dragoş Cîrstea, Claudia Steluţa Martiş, Andreea Cîrstea, Anca Constinescu-Dobra, Melinda Timea Fulop

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: renewable energy; future perspectives; renewable energy sources; Romania energy structure; exploratory study

Online: 29 October 2018 (07:22:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0170.v1

Human in situ Study of the Effect of bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) Dimethylammonium Bromide Immobilized in Dental Composite on Controlling Mature Cariogenic Biofilm

Mary Anne S. Melo, Michael D. Weir, Vanara F. Passos, Juliana P. M. Rolim, Christopher D. Lynch, Lidiany K. A. Rodrigues, Hockin H. K. xu

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: antibacterial; biofilm; caries; dental composite; quaternary ammonium monomers; human in situ study

Online: 9 October 2018 (04:43:45 CEST)

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Cariogenic oral biofilms cause a considerable amount of recurrent dental caries around composite restorations every year, resulting in unprosperous oral health status and expensive restorative treatment for many patients. Quaternary ammonium monomers that can be copolymerized with the current dental resin systems have been increasingly explored for modulation of dental plaque biofilm growth over dental composite surfaces. Here, we investigated the effect of bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) dimethylammonium bromide (QADM), against human overlying mature oral biofilms grown intra-orally in human participants for 7 and 14 days, for the first time. Seventeen volunteers wore palatal devices containing composite specimens containing 10% by mass of QADM or a control composite without QADM. After 7 and 14 days, the adherent biofilms were collected for determination of bacterial counts via colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. The biofilm viability, chronological changes, and percentage coverage were also determined by live/dead staining. QADM composites caused a significant inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation for up to seven days. No difference in the CFU values were found for the 14-day period. Our findings suggest that (1) QADM composite was successful in inhibiting 1-3 day biofilms in the oral environment in vivo; (2) QADM significantly reduced the portion of S.mutans group in a time course where patients at high risk of caries would develop initial enamel carious lesions; and (3) stronger antibiofilm activity is required for the control of mature long-term cariogenic biofilms. These results provide a perspective on the value of integrating bioactive restorative materials with traditional caries management approaches into clinical practice. Contact-killing strategies via dental materials aiming to prevent or at least reduce high numbers of cariogenic bacteria seem to be a promising approach in patients at high risk of recurrence of dental caries around composites.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0495.v1

Effectiveness of a Group B outer Membrane Vesicle Meningococcal Vaccine in Preventing Hospitalization from Gonorrhea in New Zealand: a Retrospective Cohort Study

Janine Paynter, Felicity Goodyear-Smith, Jane Morgan, Peter Saxton, Steve Black, Helen Petousis-Harris

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Gonorrhea; Outer membrane vesicle vaccine; Group B meningococcus; Cohort study; New Zealand

Online: 29 June 2018 (16:29:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0078.v1

Ocean Dynamics Observed by the VIIRS Day-Night Band Measurements

Wei Shi, Menghua Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: VIIRS; DNB observation; ocean dynamics; satellite remote sensing; ocean color; nocturnal study

Online: 13 December 2017 (03:54:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0184.v1

Parametric Study of the Centrifugal Insurance Mechanism in MEMS Safety and Arming Device

Dakui Wang, Wenzhong Lou, Yue Feng, Fufu Wang

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: MEMS S&A device; centrifugal insurance mechanism; nonlinear dynamic method; parametric study

Online: 24 March 2017 (10:04:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1193.v1

Knowledge, Perceptions, and Experiences of Traditional Health Practitioners about Managing Female Urogenital Schistosomiasis: The Case of ILembe District, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Aganze Gloire-Aime Mushebenge, Samuel Chima Ugbaja, Nonkululeko Avril Mbatha, Manimani Ghislain Riziki, Tambwe Willy Muzumbukilwa, Mukanda Gedeon Kadima, Ntabaza Ndage, Bakari Salvius Amuri, Kahumba Byanga, Hezekiel M. Kumalo, Manimbulu Nlooto

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Primary Health Care Keywords: Female urogenital schistosomiasis; Traditional health practitioners; Traditional medicine; Management; South Africa; qualitative study

Online: 20 March 2024 (08:24:28 CET)

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Background: Schistosomiasis is the third most important Neglected Tropical Disease, with more than 4 million South Africans being infected. Cases of re-infection with schistosomiasis after being treated using modern medication has opened ways to seeking alternative treatment modalities using medicinal plants. This study aims to explore and understand the way traditional healers diagnose schistosomiasis, the types of traditional medicines they use to treat it in communities with a high prevalence of infection, and to establish whether the unavailability of prescribed anti-schistosomal medicines leads to the use of traditional medicine. Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using a questionnaire from December 2022 to March 2023 in the iLembe District, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. In-depth individual interviews were carried out among traditional health practitioners (THPs) involved in managing female urogenital schistosomiasis (FUS). Recorded narrative data was transcribed verbatim, read through thoroughly and coded, and analysed using thematic or content analysis Results: Traditional Health Practitioners provide services to many women who did not want to be treated in the mainstream health care system for their FUS. The disease was perceived and understood the same way by most of the respondents, that being caused by use of fresh water. Various plants species, either alone or in combination, were used to manage bilharzia in women. Senecio serratuloides (Asteraceae) and Hypoxis hemerocallidea (Hypoxidaceae) were prominently used by THPs in FUS management. Conclusion: Traditional Health Practitioners are playing a key role in managing bilharzia in women in rural areas of the iLembe District, this study reported that THPs can diagnose schistosomiasis symptoms based on their knowledge and experience. Respondents indicated that modern conventional treatment was readily available and free in public sector healthcare facilities; however, they consulted patients suffering from FUS. Various traditional herbal medicines are reportedly used by THPs to manage bilharzia in women. Further studies are needed to investigate the views and experiences of clients regarding the success of the treatments used and why they seek care from THPs.

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