This paper examines the condition of the Scheduled Castes in India and recognizes the factors that are causing dismal performance of the Scheduled Castes despite reservation policies. The paper first discusses the condition of Scheduled Castes based on the parameters of social, economic, education, and political representation. It then provides a brief overview of the current reservation percentages allocated to Scheduled Castes in various sectors. Moreover, the paper explores the causes for the dismal performance of Scheduled Castes despite the existence of reservation policies. In order to improve the condition of Scheduled Castes, the paper proposes a multifaceted approach, including the consideration of socio-economic criteria for recognizing castes in the list of Scheduled Castes, dis reservation of affluent Scheduled Caste families, preferential appointment of Scheduled Castes in administrative positions within Scheduled Areas, and reforms within the National Commission for Scheduled Castes. The paper also emphasizes the importance of periodic evaluations of socioeconomic conditions, talent identification, and grassroots awareness campaigns as strategies to uplift the Scheduled Castes.Keywords

Electric vehicles offer a means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in passenger transport. The availability of reliable charging infrastructure is crucial for the successful uptake of electric vehicles in dense urban areas. In a pilot project in the city of Hamburg, Germany, public charging infrastructure is equipped with a reservation option providing exclusive access for local residents and businesses. The present paper combines quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate the effects of the newly introduced neighborhood charging concept. We use a methodology combining a quantitative questionnaire survey and qualitative focus group discussions as well as the analyses of charging infrastructure utilization data. Results show that inner-city charging and parking options are of key importance for (potential) users of electric vehicles. Hence, the neighborhood concept is rated very positively. Providing guaranteed charging and parking facilities are therefore likely to increase the stock of EVs. On the other hand, these could to a large extent be additional cars with consequential disadvantages. The study shows that openly accessible infrastructure is presently utilized much more intense than the exclusive option. Consequentially, the concept evaluated should be part of an integrated approach managing parking and supporting efficient concepts like car sharing.

Electric vehicles can effectively make use of the time-of-use electricity price to reduce the charging cost, meanwhile using the grid power to preheat the battery before departure is particularly important for improving the vehicle mileage and reducing the use cost.In this paper, a dynamic programming algorithm is used to optimize the battery AC charging-preheating strategy to minimize the total cost of battery charging and preheating, with the charging current and battery preheating power consumption as the control variables. The cost difference between the optimized control strategy and the conventional preheating strategy was analyzed under different ambient temperatures (-20℃~ 0℃) and different target travel time (7:00 ~ 12:00). The simulation results show that the optimized control strategy makes the battery SOC and temperature reach the set value at the user's target departure time, and the total cost of the grid is the lowest. Compared with the conventional preheating strategy, the optimized control strategy can utilize the power grid energy in the valley price area, reduce the opening time of water heating PTC in the flat and the peak price zones, and the cost utilization rate can reach 18.41% ~ 73.96%, and the cost-saving effect is significant.

Research for a theory of quantum gravity has recently led to the use of presheaf topos. Quantum uncertainty is linked to the truth values of intuitionistic logic. This paper proposes transposing this model into a classic probability context, that of conditional mathematical expectations. A simulation of Brownian motion is offered for illustrative purposes.