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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0026.v1

Physical Properties of Elementary Particles, Photon Space and Quantum Wave Functions

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Tc symmetry; CTP symmetry; Photon space; Elementary particles; Quantum wave functions; Modified Lorenz transformations; Left-handed neutrinos; Right-handed dark matters

Online: 1 March 2022 (15:01:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0103.v2

Left-Handed Neutrinos, Charged Dark Matters, Higgs Mechanism, Universe Evolution and Extended Standard Model

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: charged dark matters; left-handed neutrinos; Higgs mechanism, universe evolution; extended standard model

Online: 15 April 2019 (12:53:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2109.v1

Universe Mass Ratio Golden Rule of Dark Energy, Dark Matters, Leptons, Quarks, Neutrinos and Ordinary Matters

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: Universe mass ratio golden rule; dark energy; dark matters; Planck mission; WMAP missions; Black holes; Cosmic background neutrinos; Universe evolution; Flat photon space

Online: 30 May 2023 (10:19:25 CEST)

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Our matter universe is made up of four components of dark energy (DE), dark matters (DMs), leptons and quarks which are created from the decay of the primary black hole through the inflation after big bang. In the three-dimensional quantized space model, the sum (DER) of the dark energy (DE) and radiations (R) is the flat photon space and there are 39 particles of 3 dark matters, 9 leptons and 27 quarks. Generally speaking, the mass ratio of the quarks with the 27 particles is smallest and the mass ratio of the DER photon space with the 1 massless photon is largest. Therefore, the mass ratios of DER, DMs, leptons and quarks are inversely proportional to the particle numbers of DER, DMs, leptons and quarks as the first assumption. This simple rule is called as the universe mass ratio golden rule in Fig. 12. This simple rule is successfully applied to the observed mass ratios of the Planck and WMAP missions. The best particle number combination (1, 3, 9, 27) of the four components (DER, DMs, Leptons, Quarks) to explain the Planck 2018 and WMAP results is the same as the particle number combination (1, 3, 9, 27) of the 3-dimensional quantized space model. The calculated mass ratios of DER, DMs, leptons and quarks are 67.5 %, 22.5 %, 7.5 % and 2.5 %, respectively. And the calculated mass ratios of neutrinos and ordinary matters are 5.0 % and 5.0 %, respectively. The mass ratios of the dark energy (68.47(23) %) and matters (31.53(23) %) obtained from the Planck 2018 results are consistent with the calculated mass ratios of the DER (67.5 %) and matters (32.5 %). The mass ratio of the dark energy (72.1(15) %) obtained from the WMAP 9 year results is explained as the summed mass ratio (72.5 %) of DER (67.5 %) and neutrinos (5.0 %). The universe evolution including the super-massive black holes (SMBHs) is shown in Fig. 4. The accelerated space expansion of our universe requires the addition of the new dark energy. If this new dark energy is added, the mass ratio of the dark energy is a little bit increased. The difference (0.97 %) between the observed value (68.47(23) %) and calculated value (67.5 %) is explained by adding the new dark energy in Figs. 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11. The corrected mass ratios of DER, DMs, leptons and quarks are 68.47 %, 21.8286 %, 7.2762 % and 2.4254 %, respectively. The corrected mass ratios of the neutrinos (called as cosmic background neutrinos) and ordinary matters (OMs) are 4.8508 % and 4.8508 %, respectively. These corrected mass ratios can explain the mass ratios obtained from the WMAP and Planck missions. In other words, the mass ratios calculated from the best particle number combination support the elementary particles, dark matters and dark energy (photon space) proposed by the three-dimensional quantized space model based on the 10-D Euclidean space.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0175.v2

Neutrino Star Cosmology

Tom Neiser

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: cosmology; big bang; dark energy; neutrinos; gravitation

Online: 28 October 2019 (06:52:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0251.v1

Charged Dark Matters, Missing Neutrinos, Cosmic Rays and Extended Standard Model

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: charged dark matters, missing neutrinos, cosmic rays, gravitation constant, Coulomb’s constant, extended standard model, anti-Helium cosmic ray

Online: 20 December 2018 (12:54:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0452.v1

Solar Neutrinos Spectroscopy with Borexino Phase-II

Lino Miramonti, M. Agostini, K. Altenmueller, S. Appel, V. Atroshchenko, Z. Bagdasarian, D. Basilico, G. Bellini, J. Benziger, D. Bick, I. Bolognino, G. Bonfini, D. Bravo, B. Caccianiga, F. Calaprice, A. Caminata, S. Caprioli, M. Carlini, P. Cavalcante, F. Cavanna, A. Chepurnov, K. Choi, L. Collica, S. Davini, A. Derbin, X.F. Ding, A. Di Ludovico, L. Di Noto, I. Drachnev, K. Fomenko, A. Formozov, D. Franco, F. Gabriele, C. Galbiati, M. Gschwender, C. Ghiano, M. Giammarchi, A. Goretti, M. Gromov, D. Guffanti, C. Hagner, T. Houdy, E. Hungerford, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, A. Jany, D. Jeschke, V. Kobychev, D. Korablev, G. Korga, T. Lachenmaier, M. Laubenstein, E. Litvinovich, F. Lombardi, P. Lombardi, L. Ludhova, G. Lukyanchenko, L. Lukyanchenko, I. Machulin, G. Manuzio, S. Marcocci, J. Maricic, J. Martyn, E. Meroni, M. Meyer, M. Misiaszek, L. Papp, O. Penek, L. Pietrofaccia, N. Pilipenko, A. Pocar, A. Porcelli, G. Raikov, G. Ranucci, A. Razeto, A. Re, M. Redchuk, A. Romani, N. Rossi, S. Rottenanger, S. Schönert, D. Semenov, M. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, L.F.F. Stokes, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, J. Thurn, M. Toropova, E. Unzhakov, A. Vishneva, R.B. Vogelaar, F. von Feilitzsch, S. Weinz, M. Wojcik, M. Wurm, Z. Yokley, O. Zaimidoroga, S. Zavatarelli, K. Zuber, G. Zuzel

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: solar neutrinos; neutrino oscillation; Borexino

Online: 19 October 2018 (11:49:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0025.v1

Multimessenger Astronomy with Neutrinos

Francisco Salesa Greus, Agustín Sánchez Losa

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: multimessenger astronomy; astroparticle physics; neutrinos

Online: 1 October 2021 (14:43:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0521.v2

The Epoch of Reionization in Warm Dark Matter Scenarios

M. Romanello, N. Menci, M. Castellano

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Reionization; Warm Dark Matter; sterile neutrinos; escape fraction;

Online: 8 November 2021 (15:55:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0253.v1

Theoretical Search for Gravitational Bound States of Tachyons

Charles Schwartz

Subject: Physical Sciences, Space Science Keywords: General Relativity; Schwarzschild metric; circular flows; tachyons; neutrinos; Dark Matter; black holes

Online: 15 August 2022 (08:26:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2125.v4

Tachyonic Neutrinos: From the Cosmic Rays to Extragalactic Supernovae

Robert Ehrlich

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: cosmic rays; tachyons; tachyonic neutrinos; neutrino line; monochromatic neutrinos; SN 1987A; supernova; dark matter; Laniakea

Online: 8 August 2023 (07:14:47 CEST)

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The question of whether some neutrinos are tachyons remains unresolved although various evidence from cosmic ray and other data exists that the electron neutrino has an effective $m_\nu^2\approx -0.25 eV^2,$ which would require that one or more mass states is also tachyonic. In 2013 the $3+3$ model of the neutrino masses, which includes one tachyonic mass state, was proposed based on supernova SN 1987A neutrino data. Here we update evidence for tachyonic electron neutrinos and the $3+3$ model and discuss one test which could prove conclusive. The update of earlier evidence includes many new elements, including new data which makes the earlier cosmic ray evidence more robust, new results on cosmic ray composition, the ankle of the spectrum, leptonic cosmic ray data, and the statistical significance of finding the three large neutrino masses stipulated in the $3+3$ model. Barring a galactic supernova, which occur only around twice a century, a decisive test of the $3+3$ model could involve observing an extragalactic supernova neutrino burst, that is a cluster of neutrinos in a specific time window well beyond what chance would predict. Even though existing searches for such bursts have yielded only upper limits on the extragalactic supernova frequency within a certain distance, it is shown that the choice of a one-day window for possible neutrino clusters in time might be far more sensitive. A search using a one day time window could be done using existing data, and if a signal is found it would confirm the $3+3$ model. Of course, the absence of any day-long neutrino burst would not disprove the model, since it could mean only that the nearest supernova during the period when detectors were active was simply too far to be detected. Finally, apart from testing the 3 + 3 model, an alternative type of search is suggested using existing hadronic cosmic ray data (from the IceCube Collaboration) that might verify the tachyonic neutrino hypothesis.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1277.v1

Quaternion-Spin and Some Consequences

Bryan Sanctuary

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: EPR paradox; non-locality; entanglement; Bell’ s Inequalities; Bell’ s theorem; quantum mechanics; EPR; spin theory; Dirac equation; CHSH; singlet state; locality; sea of electrons; parity violation; neutrinos; singlet state

Online: 18 December 2023 (09:40:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0544.v1

Constraining Neutrino Mass in Dynamical Dark Energy Cosmologies With the Logarithm Parametrization and the Oscillating Parametrization

Rui-Yun Guo

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: dynamical dark energy; neutrino mass; mass hierarchies of neutrinos; the observational constraints

Online: 31 March 2023 (07:21:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0775.v1

Two Proposed Experiments for the Tachyon-Neutrino Theory of Dark Matter

Charles Schwartz

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: neutrinos; tachyons; dark matter; detection of Cosmic Neutrino Background

Online: 12 December 2023 (05:06:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0118.v5

Beta Decay with No Neutrinos and Parity Conservation

Bryan Sanctuary

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: parity; parity violation; Wu parity experiment; neutrinos; beta decay; Dirac equation; spin; Quantum Theory; helicity; Foundations of physics; quaternions

Online: 6 March 2024 (10:59:45 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1499.v1

A Note on the Solar Neutrino Problem

M. Apostol

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: solar neutrinos; neutrino oscillations; coupled dirac equations; interaction with matter; admixture angle; superfluid correlations

Online: 24 October 2023 (07:45:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1065.v2

The Models of Primary Particles

Lan Fu

Subject: Physical Sciences, Theoretical Physics Keywords: models of particles; electrons; electron neutrinos; dark matter; sizes and energies of particles; interactions between two particles; Pauli exclusion principle; the solution to the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox; Gravity speed

Online: 19 January 2024 (14:45:35 CET)

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