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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1720.v1

Exposure to Climate Change Information on Affect and Pro‐Environmental Behavioural Intentions: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Samantha Greaves, Caroline Harvey, Yashuhiro Kotera

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: climate change; positive and negative affect; pro-environmental behavioural intentions; climate anxiety

Online: 28 November 2023 (08:15:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1836.v1

Conversion of Polypropylene (PP) foams into Auxetic Metamaterials

Xiao Yuan Chen, Denis Rodrigue

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Polymers And Plastics Keywords: Polypropylene; foam; upcycling; negative Poisson's ratio; auxetic materials; cellular structure; mechanical properties.

Online: 26 June 2023 (21:55:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0434.v1

Identification of a NACC1-Regulated Gene Signature Impli-Cated in the Features of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Xia Liu, Chrispus Ngule, Hami Hemati, Oluwafunminiyi Obaleye, Amos Oyelami, Felix Oyelami, Xingcong Ren, Jianxun Song, Xiaofang Xiong, Jin-ming Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Tumor progression; cancer stem cells; gene signature; NACC1; triple negative breast cancer

Online: 27 February 2023 (03:10:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0433.v1

Spiropyran/Merocyanine Amphiphile in Various Solvents: A Joint Experimental–Theoretical Approach to Photophysical Properties and Self-Assembly

Vladyslav Savchenko, Nino Lomadze, Svetlana Santer, Olga Guskova

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: spiropyran/merocyanine isomerization; negative photochromism; time-resolved UV-vis measurements; molecular modeling

Online: 25 August 2022 (10:22:35 CEST)

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This joint experimental-theoretical work focuses on molecular and photophysical properties of the spiropyran-containing amphiphilic molecule in organic and aqueous solutions. Being dissolved in tested organic solvents, the system demonstrates positive photochromism, i.e. upon UV stimulus the colorless spiropyran form is transformed into colorful merocyanine isomer. However, aqueous solution of the amphiphile possesses a negative photochromism: the orange-red merocyanine form turns to be thermodynamically more stable in water, and both UV and vis stimuli lead to the partial or complete photobleaching of the solution. The explanation of this phenomenon is given on the basis of density functional theory calculations and classical modeling including thermodynamic integration. The simulations reveal that stabilization of merocyanine in water proceeds with the energy of ca. 70 kJ mol−1, and that the Helmholtz free energy of hydration of merocyanine form is 100 kJ mol−1 lower as compared to the behavior of SP isomer in water. The explanation of such a difference lies in the molecular properties of the merocyanine: after ring-opening reaction this molecule transforms into a zwitterionic form, as evidenced by the electrostatic potential plotted around the opened form. The presence of three charged groups on the periphery of a flat conjugated backbone stimulates the self-assembly of merocyanine molecules in water, ending up with the formation of elongated associates with stack-like building blocks, as shown in molecular dynamics simulations of the aqueous solution with the concentration above critical micelle concentration. Our quantitative evaluation of the hydrophilicity switching in spiropyran/merocyanine containing surfactants may prompt the search for new systems, including colloidal and polymeric ones, aiming at remote tuning of their morphology, which could give new promising shapes and patterns for the needs of modern nanotechnology.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0233.v1

Social Robots Outdo the Not-so-Social Media for Self-disclosure: Safe Machines Preferred to Unsafe Humans?

Rowling Luo, Thea Zhang, Derrick Chen, Johan F. Hoorn, Ivy Huang

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: social media; social robots; negative mood; self-disclosure; intervention design; anthropomorphic design

Online: 16 June 2022 (06:11:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0297.v1

The Effect of Intratumoral Interrelation among FOXP3+ Regulatory T cells on Treatment Response and Survival in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Noriko Goda, Chika Nakashima, Ichiro Nagamine, Sunao Otagaki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: regulatory T cell; tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte; neoadjuvant chemotherapy; triple-negative breast cancer

Online: 22 March 2022 (07:50:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0130.v1

A Novel Treatment of the Josephson Effect

Jacob Szeftel, Nicolas Sandeau, Michel Abou Ganthous

Subject: Physical Sciences, Acoustics Keywords: Josephson effect; transport properties; critical current; tunnelling; superconducting-normal transition; negative resistance

Online: 4 February 2021 (10:01:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0568.v1

Perceived Help-Seeking Difficulty, Barriers, Delay, and Burden in Carers of People with Suspected Dementia

Carmen KM Ng, Dara KY Leung, Xinxin Cai, Gloria HY Wong

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: service accessibility; dementia knowledge; affordability; carer role strain; self-criticism; negative emotions

Online: 27 January 2021 (16:15:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0279.v2

COVID-19 Testing – Impact of Prevalence, Sensitivity, and Specificity on Patient Risk and Cost

Zoe C. Brooks, Saswati Das

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: COVID19; risk; clinical; metrics; cost; false-positive; false-negative; prevalence; sensitivity; specificity

Online: 9 July 2020 (15:57:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0117.v1

Using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in the Treatment of Wounds After Fasciotomy in Acute Compartment Syndrome - Retrospective Case Series Study

Jaroslaw P. Miszczuk, Maria Błońska-Staniec, Anna Michalska, Bartosz Stemplewski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: acute compartment syndrome; negative pressure wound therapy; vacuum assisted wound closure; fasciotomy

Online: 8 April 2020 (04:50:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0225.v1

Analysis of Water Bodies under Partial Cloud Conditions Using Satellite Images

Rahul Neware, Mansi Thakare

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: water bodies; satellite images; vector data; SVM; positive and negative buffering; polygons

Online: 21 August 2019 (10:30:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1186.v1

Factors Contributing to Negative Outcomes Associated with Medications and Drug-Related Problems in Kidney Replacement Therapy. A Hospital-Based Prospective Observational Study

Alfonso Pereira-Céspedes, Alberto Jiménez-Morales, Aurora Polo-Moyano, Magdalena Palomares-Bayo, Fernando Martínez-Martínez, Miguel Ángel Calleja-Hernández

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: kidney replacement therapy; medication review; drug-related problems; negative outcomes associated with medication.

Online: 16 January 2024 (13:57:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1186.v1

Distinction between Effects of IR-Drop and Negative Capacitance of Fast Cyclic Voltammograms

Yuanyuan Liu, Koichi Jeremiah Aoki, Jingyuan Chen

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: IR-drop; negative capacitance; double layer capacitance; fast scan cyclic voltammograms; microelectrode reactions

Online: 16 August 2023 (10:44:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0481.v1

Minimizing Errors in RT-PCR Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for Wastewater Surveillance

Warish Ahmed, Stuart Simpson, Paul Bertsch, Kyle Bibby, Aaron Bivins, Linda Blackall, Silvia Bofill-Mas, Albert Bosch, Joao Brandao, Phil Choi, Mark Ciesielski, Erica Donner, Nishita D'Souza, Andreas Farnleitner, Daniel Gerrity, Raul Gonzalez, John Griffith, Pradip Gyawali, Charles Haas, Kerry Hamilton, Chanditha Hapuarachchi, Valerie Harwood, Rehnuma Haque, Greg Jackson, Stuart Khan, Wesaal Khan, Masaaki Kitajima, Asja Korajkic, Giuseppina La Rosa, Blythe Layton, Erin Lipp, Sandra McLellan, Brian McMinn, Gertjan Medema, Suzanne Metcalfe, Wim Meijer, Jochen Mueller, Heather Murphy, Colleen Naughton, Rachel Noble, Sudhi Payyappat, Susan Petterson, Tarja Pitkanen, Veronica Rajal, Brandon Reyneke, Fernando Roman, Joan Rose, Marta Rusinol, Michael Sadowsky, Laura Sala-Comorera, Yin Xiang Setoh, Samendra Sherchan, Kwanrawee Sirikanchana, Wendy Smith, Joshua Steele, Rosalie Sabburg, Erin Symonds, Phong Thai, Kevin Thomas, Josh Tynan, Simon Toze, Janelle Thompson, Andy Whiteley, Judith Wong, Daisuke Sano, Stefan Wuertz, Irene Xagoraraki, Qian Zhang, Amity Zimmer-Faust, Orin Shanks

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; Surveillance; False-positive; False-negative; RT-PCR

Online: 19 April 2021 (13:08:13 CEST)

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Wastewater surveillance for pathogens using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an effective, resource-efficient tool for gathering additional community-level public health information, including the incidence and/or prevalence and trends of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater may provide an early-warning signal of COVID-19 infections in a community. The capacity of the world’s environmental microbiology and virology laboratories for SARS-CoV-2 RNA characterization in wastewater is rapidly increasing. However, there are no standardized protocols nor harmonized quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance. This paper is a technical review of factors that can lead to false-positive and -negative errors in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, culminating in recommendations and strategies that can be implemented to identify and mitigate these errors. Recommendations include, stringent QA/QC measures, representative sampling approaches, effective virus concentration and efficient RNA extraction, amplification inhibition assessment, inclusion of sample processing controls, and considerations for RT-PCR assay selection and data interpretation. Clear data interpretation guidelines (e.g., determination of positive and negative samples) are critical, particularly during a low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Corrective and confirmatory actions must be in place for inconclusive and/or potentially significant results (e.g., initial onset or reemergence of COVID-19 in a community). It will also be prudent to perform inter-laboratory comparisons to ensure results are reliable and interpretable for ongoing and retrospective analyses. The strategies that are recommended in this review aim to improve SARS-CoV-2 characterization for wastewater surveillance applications. A silver lining of the COVID-19 pandemic is that the efficacy of wastewater surveillance was demonstrated during this global crisis. In the future, wastewater will play an important role in the surveillance of a range of other communicable diseases.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0147.v1

A Proposed Model of Dehumanisation and Its Relevance to Dehumanisation in Dementia Care

Hana Speering, Lara Speering

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: Dehumanisation; dementia care; healthcare education; residential aged care facilities; positive dehumanisation; negative dehumanisation

Online: 8 January 2021 (11:23:42 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Negative Effective Mass in Plasmonic Systems, II: Elucidating of Optical and Acoustical Branches of Vibrations and the Possibility of Anti-Resonance Propagation

Edward Bormashenko, Irina Legchenkova, Mark Frenkel

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: metamaterials; negative effective mass; plasma oscillations; low frequency plasmons; optical and acoustical branches.

Online: 21 July 2020 (13:38:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0026.v1

Weighted Negative Binomial Poisson-Lindley Distribution with Actuarial Applications

Hossein Zamani, Noriszura Ismail, Marzieh Shekari

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: weighted distribution; Poisson-Lindley distribution; discrete distribution; weighted negative binomial Poisson-Lindley distribution

Online: 2 May 2018 (11:47:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1876.v1

FXR agonism with bile acid mimetic reduces pre-clinical triple-negative breast cancer burden

Sydney Clarice Joseph, Samson Eugin Simon, Margaret Sue Bohm, Minjeong Kim, Madeline E Pye, Boston William Simmons, Dillon Garen Graves, Stacey Marchelle Thomas-Gooch, Ubaid A Tanveer, Jeremiah Ray Holt, Suriyan Ponnusamy, Laura M Sipe, D. Neil Hayes, Katherine Loree Cook, Ramesh Narayanan, Joseph F Pierre, Liza Makowski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: nuclear hormone receptor, agonist, bile acid receptor, FXR, TGR5, triple-negative breast cancer, TNBC

Online: 26 January 2024 (11:49:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0674.v1

Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Lesion Segmentation on Bone Scintigraphy

Yi-You Chen, Po-Nien Yu, Yung-Chi Lai, Te-Chun Hsieh, Da-Chuan Cheng

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Vision And Graphics Keywords: bone metastasis segmentation; Double U-Net; pre-train; negative mining; transfer learning; deep learning

Online: 11 July 2023 (10:18:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1209.v1

Medication Review With Follow-up for End-stage Renal Disease: Drug-Related Problems and Negative Outcomes Associated With Medication. A Systematic Review

Alfonso Pereira-Céspedes, Alberto Jiménez-Morales, Magdalena Palomares-Bayo, Fernando Martínez-Martínez, Miguel Ángel Calleja-Hernández

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: End-stage renal disease; medication review; drug-related problems; negative outcomes associated with medication.

Online: 16 June 2023 (10:13:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1664.v1

Diagnosis and Management of Severe Water-Related Skin and Soft Tissue Sepsis: A Summative Review of the Literature

Shanisa Naidoo, Arnold M Zwane, Ahmed Paruk, Timothy Craig Hardcastle

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: Soft tissue; necrotizing infection; water borne; vibrio; fungal; aeromonas; debridement; negative pressure wound care

Online: 23 May 2023 (14:43:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0089.v6

Omnidimensional Convex Polytopes

Szymon Łukaszyk, Andrzej Tomski

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Geometry And Topology Keywords: regular basic convex polytopes; circumscribed and inscribed polytopes; negative dimensions; fractal dimensions; complex dimensions; emergent dimensionality; mathematical physics

Online: 24 February 2023 (15:41:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0219.v1

Intragenic Duplication of DMRT1 in a SRY-Negative Boy with 46,XX Disorder of Sex Development

Veronica Bertini, Fulvia Baldinotti, Nina Tyutyusheva, Camillo Rosano, Cinzia Cosini, Adelaide Maria Caligo, Diego Peroni, Angelo Valetto, Silvano Bertelloni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: 46,XX disorder of sex development; SRY-negative male; Testis determination; DMRT1; DMRT1 duplication

Online: 14 December 2021 (07:58:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0094.v3

“Clinician’s Probability Calculator” to Convert Pre-Test to Post-Test Probability of COVID-19, Based on Method Validation from Each Laboratory

Zoe Brooks, Saswati Das, Tom Pliura

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-COV-2; False-Positive; False-Negative; Likelihood Ratio; Probability; Calculator; Interpretation

Online: 3 March 2021 (10:08:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0100.v1

Pressure Distribution during Negative Pressure Wound Therapy of Experimental Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in a Porcine Model

Adrienn Csiszkó, Klaudia Balog, Zoltán Attila Godó, Gyula Juhász, Katalin Pető, Ádám Deák, Mariann Berhés, Norbert Németh, Zsolt Bodnár, Zsolt Szentkereszty

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: intra-abdominal pressure; abdominal compartment syndrome; pressure sensor; negative pressure wound therapy; open abdomen;

Online: 11 January 2018 (09:17:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0077.v1

Are Mobile Live Animal Programs Educationally Beneficial? A Critical Assessment of the Human Learning Component Underlying Traveling Animal Exhibits

Kathryn Sussman

Subject: Social Sciences, Education Keywords: zoo; mobile zoo; mobile animal exhibits; animal display; mobile live animal programs; negative education

Online: 16 June 2017 (05:32:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0470.v1

A New Computational Algorithm for Assessing Overdispersion in Machine Learning Count Models with Python

Luiz Paulo Lopes Fávero, Alexandre Duarte, Helder Prado Santos

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Data Structures, Algorithms And Complexity Keywords: Count data; Machine learning; Negative binomial regression; Overdispersion; Poisson regression; Python; Vuong Test; Zero inflation

Online: 8 March 2024 (09:30:50 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0378.v1

The Triple ASCs–Exosomes [T.A.E.] Technology to control the invasion of the Triple–Negative Breast Cancer towards the surrounding tissues

Andrea Pagani, Dominik Duscher, Sebastian Geis, Silvan Klein, Leonard Knoedler, Adriana C. Panayi, Dmytro Oliinyk, Oliver Felthaus, Lukas Prantl

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Extracellular vesicles; Exosomes; Triple - negative Breast cancer; T.A.E. Technology; Adipose-derived Stem Cells; Tumor Microenvironment

Online: 7 March 2024 (09:50:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0180.v2

Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Auxetic S-structure under Transverse Load

Prasanna Mondal, Jayaganthan R.

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Negative Poisson’ s Ratio; Timoshenko Beam Theory; Semi-analytical model; Parametric Analysis; Elastic modulus; Transverse load

Online: 6 February 2024 (10:28:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0647.v1

Extracted Spectral Signatures from the Water Column as a Tool for Characterization of Marine Microbial Community

Staša Puškarić, Mateo Sokač, Živana Ninčević, Danijela Šantić, Sanda Skejić, Tomislav Džoić, Heliodor Prelesnik, Knut Yngve Børsheim

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: spectral signatures; machine learning; artificial intelligence; non-negative matrix factorization; prediction; microbial community structure; ocean

Online: 9 January 2024 (05:21:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0688.v1

Direct Quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 Using Droplet Digital PCR in Suspected Samples With Very Low Viral Load

Michela Deiana, Chiara Piubelli, Antonio Mori, Gian Paolo Chiecchi, Giulia La Marca, Martina Leonardi, Davide Treggiari, Anna Beltrame, Lucia Moro, Zeno Bisoffi, Elena Pomari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: droplet digital PCR; real time RT-PCR; SARS-CoV-2; false negative; viral load; diagnosis

Online: 26 April 2021 (20:09:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0201.v2

Detecting the Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Pravin Pokhrel, Changpeng Hu, Hanbin Mao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 Detection, SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test, SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test, False Negative, False Positive, Sensitivity, Specificity, Point-of-care testing (POCT), SARS-CoV-2 Mutants

Online: 25 March 2021 (15:33:14 CET)

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The COVID-19 pandemic has created huge damage to society and brought panics around the world. Such panics can be ascribed to the seemingly deceptive features of the COVID-19: compared to other deadly viral outspreads, it has medium transmission and mortality rates. As a result, the severity of the causative coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was deeply underestimated by the society at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on this, in this review, we define the viruses with features similar to those of SARS-CoV-2 as the Panic Zone viruses. To contain those viruses, accurate and fast diagnosis followed by effective isolation and treatment of patients are pivotal at the early stage of virus breakouts. This is especially true when there is no cure or vaccine available for a transmissible disease, which is the case for current COVID-19 pandemic. As of January 2021, more than two hundred kits for the COVID-19 diagnosis on the market are surveyed in this review, while emerging sensing techniques for SARS-CoV-2 are also discussed. It is of critical importance to rationally use these kits for the efficient management and control of the Panic Zone viruses. Therefore, we discuss guidelines to select diagnostic kits at different outbreak stages of the Panic Zone viruses, SARS-CoV-2 in particular. While it is of utmost importance to use nucleic acid-based detection kits with low false negativity (high sensitivity) at the early stage of an outbreak, the low false positivity (high specificity) gains its importance at later stages of the outbreak. When a society is set to reopen from the lock-down stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, it becomes critical to have antibody based immunoassay kits with high specificity to identify people who can safely return to the society after their recovery of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Given that the emergence of mutant viruses at the beginning of 2021 has complicated current battle against the COVID-19, we also discussed approaches and guidelines to detect viral mutants in the middle of the second wave of the pandemic that started at the end of 2020. Finally, since a massive attack from a viral pandemic requires a massive defense from the whole society, we urge both government and private sectors to research and develop more affordable and reliable point-of-care testing (POCT) kits, which can be used massively by the general public (and therefore called as massive POCT) to contain Panic Zone viruses in future.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0049.v2

Understanding Farmers’ Decision Making in Agricultural Water Fee Payment in China: The Role of Mental Accounting

Weikang Zhang, Xinhong Fu, Jing Lu, Lin Zhang, Kwamega Michael, Guoqiang Liu, Yuying Liu, Fan Yang

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: mental accounting; agricultural water fee; behavioral economics; decision making; information processing; representativeness; negative psychological externalities

Online: 25 August 2016 (10:12:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0561.v1

ECHO: Energy-Efficient Computation Harnessing Online Arithmetic – a MSDF-Based Accelerator for DNN Inference

Muhammad Sohail Ibrahim, Muhammad Usman, Jeong-A Lee

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Hardware And Architecture Keywords: Computation pruning; early negative detection; CNN acceleration; convolution neural network; most-significant-digit first; online arithmetic.

Online: 8 April 2024 (14:46:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0589.v1

Double Negative B lymphocytes are increased in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and they are correlated with early differentiated T lymphocyte subpopulations

Eleni Moysidou, Georgios Lioulios, Michalis Christodoulou, Aliki Xochelli, Stamatia Stai, Myrto Iosifidou, Artemis Iosifidou, Sophia Briza, Dimitria Ioanna Briza, Asimina Fylaktou, Maria Stangou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Urology And Nephrology Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Lupus nephritis; Double negative B lymphocytes; T lymphocytes; early differentiated cells; senescent lymphocytes

Online: 10 July 2023 (10:33:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0507.v1

Immune Microenvironment and PD-L1 Expression in Breast Cancer: A Review of Current Evidence and Prognostic Implications from Pathologist’s Perspective

Giuseppe Angelico, Giuseppe Broggi, Giordana Tinnirello, Lidia Puzzo, Giada Maria Vecchio, Lucia Salvatorelli, Lorenzo Memeo, Angela Santoro, Gaetano Magro, Rosario Caltabiano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: breast cancer; TILs; PD-L1; immunotherapy; chemotherapy, triple negative breast cancer; HER2; luminal breast cancer; CPS

Online: 7 June 2023 (08:04:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0381.v1

Diversity and Safety Aspects of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci in Ventricina Del Vastese Italian Dry Fermented Sausage

Carmela Amadoro, Franca Rossi, Palmiro Poltronieri, Lucio Marino, Giampaolo Colavita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: fermented sausage; Ventricina del Vastese; traditional production; coagulase negative staphylo-cocci; hazardous genetic traits; antibiotic resistance

Online: 21 November 2022 (07:31:16 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0419.v1

The Role of the Dynorphin/Kappa Opioid Receptor System in the Actions of Alcohol

Keerthana Sureshkumar, Julian Guo, Michelle Tran, Sagunya Malhotra, Syed M Ahmad, Kabirullah Lutfy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Alcohol; Dynorphin; Kappa Opioid Receptor; DYN/KOR; Anxiety; Depression; Negative Affective States; Withdrawal; Microdialysis; Dynorphin-immunoreactivity

Online: 24 August 2022 (10:52:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0409.v1

MicroRNAs within Basal-Like Signature of Quadruple Negative Breast Cancer Impact Overall Survival in African Americans

Clayton Yates, Anusha Angajala, Aliyu Muhammad, Hughley Raymond, Shakir Md Ahmed, Saadia Haleema, Monira Haque, Honghe Wang, Rachel Martini, Balasubramanian Karanam, Andrea G. Kahn, Deepa Bedi, Melissa Davis, Ming Tan, Windy Dean-Colomb

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: QNBC (Quadruple negative breast cancer); AR (Androgen receptor); AA (African American); CA (Caucasian); BC (Breast cancer)

Online: 27 July 2022 (04:07:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0570.v1

A Stochastic Condensation Mechanism for Inducing Underdispersion in Count Models

Chenangnon Frédéric Tovissodé, Romain Glele Kakai

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Erlang process; condensed distribution; probability generating function; algebraic moments; Poisson remainder distribution; negative binomial remainder distribution

Online: 23 March 2021 (12:57:21 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0155.v1

COVID-19 Testing: Challenges, Limitations and Suggestions for Improvement

Emily Hu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; False-negative; Nucleic Acid Test; Screening; Diagnostic Accuracy; Missed Diagnosis; Epidemic; Infectious Disease

Online: 9 April 2020 (14:37:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0366.v1

Energy-Momentum Tensor and Parameters in Cosmological Model

Ying-Qiu Gu

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: cosmological model; energy-momentum tensor; equation of state; cosmic curvature; cosmological constant; negative pressure; dynamic analysis

Online: 25 February 2020 (07:55:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0595.v1

Nanoemulsion-Enabled Oral Delivery of Novel Anticancer ω-3 Fatty Acid Derivatives

Gabriela Garrastazu Pereira, Tristan Rawling, Michele Pozzoli, Curtis Pazderka, Yongjuan Chen, Colin R. Dunstan, Michael Murray, Fabio Sonvico

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: nanoemulsion; oral delivery; ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid derivative; MDA-MB-231; triple-negative breast cancer

Online: 30 September 2018 (05:14:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0051.v2

Unbalanced Current Sharing Control in Islanded Low Voltage Microgrids

foad najafi, Matthias Fripp

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: distributed generation; LV microgrid; negative-sequence current; zero-sequence current; power sharing; unbalance load; voltage control

Online: 5 September 2018 (05:55:55 CEST)

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This paper reports a new control strategy to improve sharing of unbalanced currents in islanded LV microgrids. This technique provides fast and effective sharing of positive-, negative- and zero-sequence currents, and is the first example of zero-sequence current sharing in the literature. The controllers are designed in the stationary frame. The control structure consists of four loops; 1)~the current controller; 2)~the voltage controller; 3)~the droop controller and the 4)~negative and zero sequence current controllers. The output current is considered unknown for the controller and is added to the control system as a disturbance. The proposed controller features a high gain in fundamental and harmonic frequencies, hence a good voltage quality is obtained in the presence of unbalanced and nonlinear loads. To this aim, a proportional-resonant (PR) controller is adopted as the current controller. By using a multi-resonant controller as current controller, a unified control structure is obtained which is suitable for both grid-connected and islanded modes. The voltage controller is designed using a resonant controller so that the voltage can have low VUF and THD in the presence of unbalanced and nonlinear loads. Furthermore, in this paper droop method is applied to the control structure to share real and reactive powers. Simulation studies show that the conventional droop method cannot share the oscillatory part of the output power that is due to the presence of unbalanced loads in the microgrid. This paper relies on using zero and negative sequence virtual impedance controller to share the oscillatory part of output power. By using zero-sequence virtual impedance controller (ZSVIC) and negative-sequence virtual impedance controller (NSVIC), the zero and negative sequence currents in the microgrid are controlled and shared effectively. By compensating zero- and negative-sequence currents locally, the flow of these currents in the microgrid is minimized, and the overall power quality of the islanded LV microgrid is improved.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0830.v1

Development of a HPLC-MS/MS Method to Assess the Pharmacokinetics and Tumour Distribution of the Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Inhibitors ZST316 and L-257 in a Xenograft Model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Tommaso Ceruti, Roberta Frapolli, Carmen Ghilardi, Alessandra Decio, Giulia Dellavedova, Sara Tommasi, Massimo Zucchetti, Arduino A Mangoni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: ZST316; L-257; dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1; DDAH1 inhibitors; triple negative breast cancer; pharmacokinetics; xenograft models; analytical chemistry

Online: 12 October 2023 (12:01:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1472.v1

Determination of Optimal Spatial Sample Sizes for Fitting Negative Binomial-Based Crash Prediction Models with Consideration of Statistical Modeling Assumptions

Mohammadreza Koloushani, Seyed Reza Abazari, Omer Arda Vanli, Eren Erman Ozguven, Ren Moses, Rupert Giroux, Benjamin Jacobs

Subject: Engineering, Safety, Risk, Reliability And Quality Keywords: Crash Prediction Model; Safety Performance Function; Highway Safety Manual; Negative Binomial Regression; Model Diagnostic; Context Classification System

Online: 21 August 2023 (12:01:58 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2240.v2

An Atypical Presentation of Superficial Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Paolo Izzo, Luciano Izzo, Andrea Polistena, Simone Sibio, Massimo Codacci-Pisanelli, Daniele Crocetti, Raimondo Gabriele, Claudia De Intinis, Sara Izzo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: retroareolar breast tumor; modified radical mastectomy; case report; triple negative breast cancer (TNBC); chemotherapy; superficial infiltrating breast carcinoma; taxol

Online: 7 August 2023 (02:30:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0546.v1

Atezolizumab and Pembrolizumab in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Mahwish Amin, Shaiza Sharif, Waleed Asghar, Humaira Sadaf, Azza Sarfraz, Zouina Sarfraz, Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: triple negative breast cancer; Pembrolizumab; Atezolizumab; chemotherapy; anti-PD-L1; biomarkers; targeted therapies; development of novel drugs

Online: 24 May 2021 (09:23:50 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0424.v1

Insufficient Sensitivity of RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase Gene of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Genome as Confirmatory Test using Korean COVID-19 Cases

Soyoun Kim, Dong-Min Kim, Baeckseung Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Korean COVID-19; Wuhan Corona virus; real time PCR Ct Value; Sensitivity; False Negative

Online: 28 February 2020 (12:03:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0137.v1

Investigation on Development of Sliding Mode Controller for Constant Power Loads in Microgrids

Eklas Hossain, Ron Perez, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Pierluigi Siano

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: sliding mode control; constant power load; negative incremental impedance; robustness analysis; chattering reduction; microgrid stability; noise rejection

Online: 18 May 2017 (04:45:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1268.v1

Type-B Energetic Processes: Their Identification and Implications

James Weifu LEE

Subject: Physical Sciences, Thermodynamics Keywords: Type-B energetic process; thermotrophic function; asymmetric-function-gated electricity; epicatalysis; superconductors; isothermal heat utilization; negative entropy event

Online: 18 April 2024 (13:41:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0261.v1

Tumor-Intrinsic Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Controls Immune Cell Infiltration, Tumor Growth and Lung Metastasis in a Triple Negative Breast Cancer Model

Lenore Monterroza, Maria M. Parrilla, Sarah G. Samaranayake, Dormarie E. Rivera-Rodriguez, Sung Bo Yoon, Ramireddy Bommireddy, Justin Hosten, Luisa Cervantes Barragan, Adam Marcus, Brian S. Dobosh, Periasamy Selvaraj, Rabindra Tirouvanziam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: CD4+ T-cell; CD8+ T-cell; invasion; myeloid-derived suppressor cell; triple-negative breast cancer; tumor-infiltrating neutrophils

Online: 3 April 2024 (11:06:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0491.v1

Biotope Impact on Fluctuating Asymmetry Manifestation in Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Raisa A. Sukhodolskaya, Anatoliy A. Saveliev, Natalia I. Eremeeva, Nadezhda L. Ukhova, Tatyana A. Gordienko, Rifgat R. Shagidullin, Iraida G. Vorobyova, Igor A. Solodovnikov, Anatoliy Anciferov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: fluctuating asymmetry; ground beetles; morphometric variation; biotope impact; species*biotope interaction; negative relationship between dimensional and meristic traits

Online: 21 December 2020 (10:16:14 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0095.v1

EP4 as a Therapeutic Target for Aggressive Human Breast Cancer

Mousumi Majumder, Pinki Nandi, Ahmed Omar, Kingsley Chukwunonso Ugwuagbo, Peeyush K. Lala

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: COX-2; breast cancer; PGE2; EP receptors; stem-like cells; metastasis; angiogenesis; lymphangiogenesis; MicroRNAs; triple negative breast cancer

Online: 13 February 2018 (09:16:54 CET)

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs, also called seven-transmembrane or heptahelical receptors) are a superfamily of cell surface receptor proteins that bind to many extracellular ligands and transmit signals to an intracellular guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein). When a ligand binds, the receptor activates the attached G-protein by causing the exchange of Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) for guanosine diphosphate (GDP). They play a major role in many physiological functions as well as in the pathology of many diseases including cancer progression and metastasis. Only a few GPCR members have been exploited as targets for developing drugs with therapeutic benefit in cancer. Present review deals with the Prostaglandin E receptor EP4, a member of the EP family of GPCR, as a promising newer therapeutic target for treating breast cancer. We show that aberrant over-expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, an inflammation-associated enzyme, occurring in 40-50% of breast cancer patients leads to tumor progression and metastasis due to multiple cellular events resulting from an increased prostaglandin (PG) E2 production in the tumor milieu. They include inactivation of host anti-tumor immune (NK and T) cells, increased immuno-suppressor function of tumor-associated macrophages, promotion of tumor cell migration, invasiveness and tumor-associated angiogenesis (due to upregulation of VEGF-A), lymphangiogenesis (due to upregulation of VEGF-C/D) and a stimulation of stem-like cell (SLC) phenotype in cancer cells. All these events were primarily mediated by activation of the PGE receptor EP4 on tumor or host cells. We show that selective EP4 antagonists (EP4A) could mitigate all these events tested with cells in vitro as well as in vivo in syngeneic COX-2 expressing mammary cancer bearing mice or immune-deficient mice bearing COX-2 over-expressing human breast cancer xenografts. We suggest that EP4A can avoid thrombo-embolic side effects of long term use of COX-2 inhibitors by sparing cardio-protective roles of PGI2 via IP receptor activation or PGE2 via EP3 receptor activation. Furthermore, we identified two COX-2/EP4 induced oncogenic and SLC-stimulating microRNAs - miR526b and miR655, one of which (miR655) appears to be a potential blood biomarker in breast cancer patients, for monitoring SLC-ablative therapies such as with EP4A. We suggest that EP4A will likely produce the highest benefit in aggressive breast cancers such as COX-2 expressing triple-negative breast cancers, when combined with other newer agents such as PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1599.v1

The Role of Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Promising Target for Achieving Clinical Benefits

Arpita Poddar, Farah Ahmady, Sushma R. Rao, Revati Sharma, George Kannourakis, Prashanth Prithviraj, Aparna Jayachandran

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: pregnancy associated plasma protein-A; breast cancer; triple negative breast cancer; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; cancer therapy; cancer biomarker; immunotherapy

Online: 24 July 2023 (10:35:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1716.v1

A Physical Mechanism of the Generation of Stable Positive Kinetic Energy Systems and a Qualitative Explanation of the Proportions of the Four Ingredients in the Universe

Huai-Yu Wang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: stable system; dark matter; dark energy; positive kinetic energy; negative kinetic energy; cosmic dark radiation background; gravity potential background

Online: 25 June 2023 (05:16:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0301.v1

Autochthonous Cultures to Improve Safety and Stabilize Quality of Traditional Dry Fermented Meats

Franca Rossi, Patrizia Tucci, Ilaria Del Matto, Lucio Marino, Carmela Amadoro, Giampaolo Colavita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: traditional dry fermented sausages; protection policy; desired microbiota; lactic acid bacteria; coagulase negative staphylococci; autochthonous cultures; safety; sensory quality

Online: 16 March 2023 (09:02:51 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0379.v1

Drone Delivery of Dehydro-Sulfurization Utilizing Doubly-Charged Negative Ions of Nanoscale Catalysts Inspired by the Biomimicry of Bee Species’ Bio-Catalysis of Pollen Conversion to Organic Honey

Kelvin L. Suggs, Duminda K. Samarakoon, Alfred Msezane

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Other Keywords: fullerene; graphene; molybdenum disulfide; carbon nanotubes; catalysts; density functional theory; enzymes; honeybee biomimicry; drones; depollution; doubly-charged negative ions

Online: 26 September 2022 (05:40:20 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0008.v1

Dehydro-Sulfurization Utilizing Doubly-Charged Negative Ions of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2), Graphene-Flake (GR-28), Armchair Carbon Nanotube (CNT 6,6), and Fullerene (C-60) as Catalysts for Depollution, Natural Resource Mining, and the Chemical Functiona

Kelvin L Suggs, Duminda K Samarakoon, Alfred Msezane

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Chemical Engineering Keywords: fullerene, graphene, molybdenum disulfide, carbon nanotubes, catalysts, density functional theory, enzymes, honeybee biomimicry, drones, depollution, doubly-charged negative ions

Online: 1 July 2022 (08:12:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1598.v1

Strategic Choices for Energy Enterprise Survival and Development: An Analysis of Market Power, Innovation Strategy, and Sustainable Development of Major Multinational Oil Companies

Chunliang Guo, Jiawen Zhang, Na Li

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Economics Keywords: market power expansive strategy; technological innovation strategy; sustainable development of enterprises; firm sustainable total factor productivity; negative data in DEA

Online: 22 January 2024 (14:09:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0333.v1

The nonspecific effects of COVID-19 vaccination upon non-COVID-19 all-cause mortality (NCACM) in the population of England: Effects of age, sex, COVID-19 variant, vaccination history, and time in a real-world study from Jan-21 to May-23

Rodney P Jones, Andrey Ponomarenko

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: COVID–19; vaccination; all-cause mortality; age; gender; complex system; pathogen interference; seasonality; miRNAs; negative vaccine effectiveness; nonspecific vaccine effects

Online: 4 January 2024 (07:32:40 CET)

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All vaccines exhibit specific and nonspecific effects. Specific effects are shown by the efficacy against the target pathogen, while nonspecific effects can be detected by the change in all-cause mortality. The real-world non-COVID-19 all-cause mortality (NCACM) data for the population of England between January 2021 and May 2023 was assessed. All vaccines administered were based on the original Wuhan antigen. Each gender and age group, along with COVID-19 variant shows its own unique NCACM vaccination benefit/disbenefit time profile. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination against COVID-19 disease/death per se is undisputed, however, the nonspecific outcomes of COVID–19 vaccination is far more nuanced than have been widely appreciated. This confirms an earlier study on the unanticipated nonspecific effects of influenza vaccination against all-cause winter mortality. Interestingly, a high proportion of NCACM beneficial effects occurred during the first 21 days following COVID-19 vaccination, while the worst example of increased NCACM occurred during the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccination in 19–40-year-olds for the interval >21 days post vaccination which led to NCACM 3- to 10-times higher than in the unvaccinated. By the time of the Omicron variant, NCACM outcomes in those aged 90+ are mostly adverse. The beneficial nonspecific effects of COVID-19 vaccination increase with age and reach their maximum effect during the second week post vaccination for age groups below 50 years, rising to during the third week for those aged 70+. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms by which COVID-19 vaccination could induce wider nonspecific effects. Most of these mechanisms seem to depend on gene regulation by noncoding RNAs which also interact with mRNAs. We suggest that further international studies are required to discern the nonspecific NCACM effects of the different COVID-19 variants other than the three variants prevalent in the UK, and different types/manufacturer of COVID-19 vaccines which have been employed around the world. We can only speculate regarding the nonspecific effects of the COVID-19 vaccines administered to persons with an asymptomatic infection, and during vaccine waning. Vaccines not only need to be effective against the target pathogen, as primarily determined by antibody production, but need to minimize any unanticipated adverse nonspecific effects against all-cause mortality.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0905.v1

Mining Negative Associations From Medical Databases Considering Frequent, Regular, Closed and Maximal Patterns

Sastry Kodanda Rama Jammalamadaka, Raja Rao Budaraju

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: data mining; databases; closed item sets; maximal item sets; regular patterns; frequent patterns; negative associations; maximal patterns; frequent patterns; static

Online: 14 November 2023 (10:12:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0937.v1

Challenges and Opportunities in One Health: Google Trends Search Data

Lauren Wisnieski, Karen Gruszynski, Vina Faulkner, Barbara Shock

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Google Trends; disease prediction; Lyme disease; Lyme; Big Data; One Health; negative binomial; mixed models; zoonotic disease; tick-borne disease

Online: 11 August 2023 (11:01:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0450.v1

Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Schrodinger Equations, Matter and Wave Function Collapses, Photon Momenta and the Gamma Ray Burst based on the 4-D Euclidean Space

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: P4 = TcP symmetry; Matter collapse; Wave function collapse; Klein paradox; Continuity equations; Negative energy solutions; Gamma ray burst; Photon momenta

Online: 23 December 2022 (07:57:12 CET)

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The negative energy solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations have been used to define the antiparticle with the positive energy from the Feynman - Stueckelberg interpretation in the standard model based on the 4-D Minkowski space with the relative time. The negative energy solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations are used to define the antiparticles with the negative energy in the present 3-D quantized space model. Note that all the present results are based on the 4-D Euclidean space with the absolute time (t) and relative time (t_l). Then the particle with the positive energy and antiparticle with the negative energy have the 4-D P₄ = TCP = T_cP symmetry. The continuity equations are derived from the Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Schrodinger equations. The Klein-Gordon and Schrodinger equations with the potential barriers are solved. The Klein paradox is explained by using the pair production of the electron with the positive energy and positron with the negative energy under the P₄ = _TcP symmetry, The effective velocity ( c_eff=√2 " c " ) and effective energy ("Etl =" √2 E ) along the relative time axis (ctl) give the relative time momentum of "p_tl"=E_tl/c_eff =(√2 E)/(√2 c)=E/c=p_t=p_x. This indicates that the photons with the energy of E have the constant photon velocity of c and the constant photon momentum of "ptl"=E_tl/c_eff =(√2 E)/(√2 c)=E/c=p_t=p_x. For the negative energy particles, the space momentum directions are opposite to the particle velocity directions because the energy is negative. And the matter collapse to the photons at the very high particle velocity is discussed from the length expansion. It is, for the first time, proposed that the gamma ray burst is originated from the matter collapse to the photons near the black hole. Also, the wave function collapse is explained from the length expansion. The wave function collapse takes place when the measurement makes the particle velocity to be zero. It is concluded that the negative energy solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations support the existence of the partner antimatter universe with the negative energy and negative time direction. Our matter universe has the positive energy and the positive time direction.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0521.v1

Modulation Instability of Surface Waves in the Model with the Uniform Wind Profile

Susam Boral, Trilochan Sahoo, Yury Stepanyants

Subject: Physical Sciences, Acoustics Keywords: Two-layer fluid; shear flow; air-water interface; surface tension; vortex sheet; Kelvin-Helmholtz instability; negative-energy wave; modulation instability

Online: 22 March 2021 (11:26:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0056.v1

Exploring the Non-Medical impacts of Covid-19 using Natural Language Processing

Amol Agade, Samta Balpande

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Algebra And Number Theory Keywords: COVID-19; Deep Learning; Natural Language Processing; Topic Modelling; Text Classification; Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA); Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)

Online: 2 November 2020 (15:24:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0218.v1

A Study on the Determinants of Eco-Innovation of Korean Manufacturing Firms

Cheon Yu, Yun Seop Hwang

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Business And Management Keywords: eco-innovation; anticipated regulation; self-regulation; industry-specific characteristics; information sourcing openness; multivariate probit model; zero inflated negative binomial model

Online: 19 April 2019 (11:25:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0144.v1

Statistical Study on Crash Frequency Model Using GNB Models of Freeway Sharp Horizontal Curve Based on Interactive Influence of 3 Explanatory Variables

Yanjie Zeng, Xiaofei Wang, Lineng Liu, Xinwei Li, Caifeng Jiang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: freeway; crash prediction model (CPM); sharp horizontal curve segment (SHCS); interactive influence among three explanatory variables; generalized negative binomial (GNB)

Online: 15 August 2016 (09:47:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0526.v1

Immuno-Contexture and Immune Checkpoint Molecule Expression in Microsatellite Stable/Mismatch Repair Proficient Colorectal Carcinoma

Mauro Giacomelli, Matilde Monti, Diego Cesare Pezzola, Silvia Lonardi, Mattia Bugatti, Francesco Missale, Rossella Cioncada, Laura Melocchi, Viviana Giustini, Vincenzo Villanacci, Carla Baronchelli, Stefania Manenti, Luisa Imberti, Emanuele Giurisato, William Vermi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Colorectal cancer; mismatch repair; microsatellite instability; immune checkpoint; double negative T cells; tumor microenvironment; T-cell exhaustion; interferon-γ; PD-L1

Online: 8 May 2023 (10:53:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0085.v1

Chick Embryo Experimental Platform for 3D Tissue Engineering Modelling of Cancer Micrometastases for Tumor Biology, Drug Development and Nanomaterials Testing

Anna Guller, Inga Kuschnerus, Vlada Rozova, Annemarie Nadort, Yin Yao, Zahra Khabir, Alfonso Garcia-Bennett, Liuen (Olivia) Liang, Aleksandra Polikarpova, Yi Qian, Ewa M. Goldys, Andrei Zvyagin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: chick embryo; 3D culture; tumor models in vitro; tissue engineering; metastasis; triple-negative breast cancer; liver; mesoporous silica nanoparticles; doxorubicin; micrometastasis

Online: 6 September 2021 (11:46:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0777.v1

Prediction of Response to Atezolizumab Plus Nab-Paclitaxel in Unresectable Locally Advanced Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): the ClinicalUsefulness of PD-L1 mRNA Expression in Plasma-Derived Exosomes

Lucrezia Raimondi, Gian Paolo Spinelli, Paolo Ciracì, Filippo Maria Raimondi, Rachele Lazzeroni, Laura Di Benedetto, Stefano Valabrega, Laura Giaconi, Luigi Rossi, Giuseppe Naso

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Exosomal PD-L1 mRNA; extracellular vesicles; Triple Negative Breast Cancer; Immunotherapy; PD-L1 axis; Atezolizumab – nab-paclitaxel; Predictive biomarkers; Liquid biopsy

Online: 31 March 2021 (15:27:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0640.v1

Alteration of Bacterial Communities in Anterior Nares and Skin Sites of Patients Undergoing Arthroplasty Surgery: Analysis by 16S rRNA and Staphylococcal-Specific tuf Gene Sequencing

Søren Iversen, Thor Bech Johannesen, Anna Cäcilia Ingham, Sofie Marie Edslev, Staffan Tevell, Emeli Månsson, Åsa Nilsdotter-Augustinsson, Bo Söderquist, Marc Stegger, Paal Skytt Andersen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Arthroplasty; prosthetic joint replacement; prosthetic joint infection; systemic antibiotic prophylaxis; Antibiotics; chlorhexidine gluconate; coagulase-negative staphylococci; tuf gene sequencing; staphylome; microbiome

Online: 25 November 2020 (12:56:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0362.v1

Trend Analysis of Tuberculosis Cases and the Effect of HIV Cases on Tuberculosis Cases in Some West African Countries Using Panel Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models

Monday Osagie Adenomon, Gbenga Solomom Akinyemi

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: tuberculosis (TB); human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS); World Health Organization (WHO); panel data; poisson; negative binomial; regression

Online: 31 October 2019 (04:33:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0346.v1

Factors That Enhanced Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Nasarawa State of Nigeria Using Logistic, Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models

Monday Osagie Adenomon, David Usman

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: Prevention of Mother-to-Child transmission (PMTCT); Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDs); Poisson; negative binomial; logistic; regression

Online: 30 October 2019 (04:06:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0224.v2

Pseudopterosin Inhibits Proliferation and 3D Invasion in Triple Negative Breast Cancer by Agonizing Glucocorticoid Receptor Alpha

Julia Sperlich, Nicole Teusch

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: pseudopterosin; triple negative breast cancer; glucocorticoid receptor alpha; dexamethasone; cell proliferation; 3D invasion; tumor spheroid; co-culture; interleukin 6; interleukin 8

Online: 2 August 2018 (06:08:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1713.v1

All Screen Printed and Flexible Silicon Carbide NTC Thermistors for Temperature Sensing Applications

Arjun Wadhwa, Jaime Benavides Guerrero, Mathieu Gratuze, Martin Bolduc, Sylvain G Cloutier

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Temperature Sensing; Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC); Printed Electronics; Printed Temperature Sensors; Thermistors; Silicon Carbide; Wide Band-gap Semiconductor; Screen Printing; Silver ink

Online: 28 March 2024 (15:35:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0961.v1

Queueing-Inventory Systems with Catastrophes under Various Replenishment Policies

Serife Ozkar, Agassi Melikov, Janos Sztrik

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: Queueing-inventory system; Catastrophe; Negative customer; (s,S)-type policy; (s,Q)-type policy; Matrix geometric method; MAP arrival; Phase-type distribution

Online: 15 November 2023 (10:06:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0120.v1

Too Committed to Switch off – Capturing and Organizing the Full Range of Work-Related Rumination from Detachment to Overcommitment

Oliver Weigelt, J. Charlotte Seidel, Lucy Erber, Johannes Wendsche, Yasemin Z. Varol, Gerald M. Weiher, Petra Gierer, Claudia Sciannimanica, Richard Janzen, Christine J. Syrek

Subject: Social Sciences, Psychology Keywords: work-related rumination; overcommitment; psychological detachment; burnout; irritation; problem-solving pondering; positive work reflection; negative work reflection; affective rumination; satisfaction with life

Online: 6 January 2023 (09:36:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0055.v1

Semi-Covariance Coefficient Analysis of Spike Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and other Coronaviruses for Viral Evolution and Characteristics Associated with Fatality

Jun Huang, Rebecca Spencer, Wangdong Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Fractional complex moment; SARS-CoV-2; coronaviruses; spike protein sequence; Pearson correlation coefficient; semi-covariance coefficient; positive-correlative and negative-correlative domains

Online: 2 March 2021 (09:30:12 CET)

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Complex modeling has received significant attention in recent years and is increasingly used to explain the statistical phenomenon with increasing and decreasing fluctuations such as the similarity or difference of spike protein charge patterns of coronaviruses. Different from the existing covariance or correlation coefficient methods in traditional integer dimension construction, this study proposes a simplified novel fractional dimension derivation with the exact Excel tool algorithm. It involves the fractional center moment extension to covariance, which ends up a complex covariance coefficient that is better than the Pearson correlation coefficient, in the sense that the nonlinearity relationship can be further depicted. The spike protein sequences of coronaviruses were obtained from the GenBank and GISAID database, including the coronaviruses from pangolin, bat, canine, swine (three variants), feline, tiger, SARS-CoV-1, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 (including the strains of Wuhan, Beijing, New York, German, and UK variant B.1.1.7) were used as the representative examples in this study. By examining the values above and below the average/mean based on the positive and negative charge patterns of the amino acid residues of the spike proteins from coronaviruses, the proposed algorithm provides deep insights into the nonlinear evolving trends of spike proteins for understanding the viral evolution and identifying the protein characteristics associated with viral fatality. The calculation results demonstrate that the complex covariance coefficient analyzed by this algorithm is capable of distinguishing the subtle nonlinear differences in the spike protein charge patterns with reference to Wuhan strain SARS-CoV-2 for which the Pearson correlation coefficient may overlook. Our analysis reveals the unique convergent (positive correlative) to divergent (negative correlative) domain center positions of each virus. The convergent or conserved region may be critical to the viral stability or viability; while the divergent region is highly variable between coronaviruses suggesting high frequency of mutations in this region. The analyses show that the conserved center region of SARS-CoV-1 spike protein is located at amino acid residues 900, but shifted to the amino acid residues 700 in MERS spike protein, and then to amino acid residues 600 in SARS-COV-2 spike protein, indicating the evolvement of the coronaviruses. Interestingly, the conserved center region of the spike protein in SARS-COV-2 variant B.1.1.7 shifted back to amino acid residues 700, suggesting this variant is more virulent than the original SARS-COV-2 strain. Another important characteristic our study reveals is that the distance between the divergent mean and the maximal divergent point in each of the viruses (MERS>SARS-CoV-1>SARS-CoV-2) is proportional to viral fatality rate. This algorithm may help to understand and analyze the evolving trends and critical characteristics of SARS-COV-2 variants, other coronaviral proteins and viruses.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1024.v1

Tourism Development through the Sense of UNESCO World Heritage: The Case of Hegra, Saudi Arabia

Sara Sampieri, Abdellah Saoualih, Larbi Safaa, Fernando Martínez de Carnero Calzada, Marco Ramazzotti, Agustín Martínez-Peláez

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Archaeology Keywords: Sense of place, archaeological heritage sites, UNESCO world heritage sites, VADER-based sen-timent analysis, Non-negative Matrix Factorization, Hegra, TripAdvisor, Saudi Arabia.

Online: 18 March 2024 (10:38:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0399.v1

Artificial Diets with Selective Restriction of Amino Acids and Very Low Levels of Lipids Induce Anticancer Activity in Mice with Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Emilio Guillén-Mancina, Julio José Jiménez-Alonso, José Manuel Calderón-Montaño, Víctor Jiménez-González, Patricia Díaz-Ortega, Estefanía Burgos-Morón, Miguel López-Lázaro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Amino acids, lipids, diet, low-fat diet, cancer therapy, cancer metabolism, triple-negative breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, metastasis

Online: 21 December 2022 (10:05:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0462.v1

Diagnostic Significance of hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-192-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-199a-5p Panel and Ratios in Hepatocellular Carcinoma on top of Liver Cirrhosis in HCV Infected Patients

Mona A. Eldosoky, Reham Hammad, Asmaa A. Elmadbouly, Reda Badr Aglan, Sherihan G. AbdelHamid, Mohamed Alboraie, Donia Ahmed Hassan, Mohamed A Shaheen, Areej Rushdi, Reem M Ahmed, Alzahra Abdelbadea, Neamat A. Abdelmageed, Ahmed Elshafei, Elham Ali, Omaima I Abo-Elkheir, Samy Zaky, Nadia M. Hamdy, Claude Lambert

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: HCC; hsa-miR-21-5p; hsa-miR-155-5p; hsa-miR-192-5p; hsa-miR-199a-5p; liver cirrhosis; HCV; AFP-negative HCC

Online: 25 November 2022 (02:26:16 CET)

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) early diagnosis is challenging. Moreover, for patients with al-pha-fetoprotein (AFP)-negative HCC, this challenge is augmented. MicroRNAs (miRs) profile may serve as potential HCC molecular markers. We aimed to assess plasma homo sabines (hsa)-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-192-5p, hsa-miR-199a-5p expression levels, as panel of biomarkers for HCC in chronic hepatitis C virus (CHCV) patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), es-pecially AFP-negative HCC cases, a step toward non-protein coding (nc) RNA precision medicine. Subjects and Methods: 79 patients enrolled with CHCV infection with LC, subclassified into LC group without HCC (n=40) and LC with HCC (n=39) in comparison with 15 apparently healthy control subjects. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure plasma hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-192-5p, and hsa-miR-199a-5p. Results: Plasma hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p demonstrated significant upregulation, while hsa-miR-199a-5p demonstrated significant downregulation in the HCC group (n=39) when compared to LC group (n=40). Hsa-miR-21-5p expression was positively correlated with serum AFP, insulin, and insulin re-sistance (r=0.5, p<0.001, r=0.334, p=0.01, and r=0.303, p=0.02, respectively). According to the ROC curves, for differentiating HCC from LC, combining AFP with each of hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, and miR199a-5p improved the diagnostic sensitivity to 87%, 82%, and 84%, re-spectively, vs 69% for AFP alone, with an acceptable specificity of 77.5%, 77.5%, and 80%, respec-tively, and AUC= 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively vs. 0.85 for AFP alone. Hsa-miR-21-5p/hsa-miR-199a-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p/hsa-miR-199a-5p ratios discriminated HCC from LC at AUC=0.76 and 0.71, respectively, with sensitivities=94% and 92%, and specifici-ties=48% and 53%, respectively. Upregulation of plasma hsa-miR-21-5p was considered as an independent risk factor for HCC development [OR=1.198(1.063–1.329), p=0.002]. Conclusion: Combining each of hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-155-5p, and hsa-miR-199a-5p with AFP made possi-ble to identify HCC development in LC patients’ cohort with higher sensitivity than using AFP alone. Hsa-miR-21-5p/hsa-miR-199a-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p/hsa-miR-199a-5p ratios are poten-tial HCC molecular markers for AFP-negative HCC patients. Hsa-miR-21-5p was linked to insu-lin metabolism in HCC patients’ group as well as being an upregulated independent risk factor for the emergence of HCC from LC in CHCV patients.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1751.v3

Firewalls, Hawking (Tolman) Radiation, and a Tentative Resolution of the Firewall-Mass Problem

Jack Denur

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Schwarzschild black holes; Schwarzschild non-black holes; Ruler distance; Planck units; Hawking radiation; Tolman radiation; Gravitational frequency shift; Firewall mass; Negative gravitational mass-energy; Birkhoff's Theorem; Thermodynamic equilibrium; First Law of Thermodynamics; Second Law of Thermodynamics

Online: 5 March 2024 (10:56:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.2031.v1

Structural Inhomogeneities and Nonlinear Phenomena in Charge Transfer under Cold Field Emission in Individual Closed Carbon Nanotubes

Svetlana Vjacheslavovna Von Gratowski, Zoya Kosakowski, Victor Victorovich Koledov, Vladimir Shavrov, Anatoliy Smolovich, Andrey Orlov, Cong Wang, Jun-Ge Liang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics Keywords: carbon nanotubes (CNTs); cold field emission of electrons; Fowler-Nordheim law; current-voltage characteristic (CVC); pointed cathodes; negative differential conductivity; van Hove singularity; superlattice

Online: 28 July 2023 (14:02:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0270.v2

Improve the Three-phase Unbalance Rate of Railway System Under 2% By Three Kinds of Special Transformer Wiring

Chien-Hsu Chen, Chin E. Lin

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: three-phase unbalance rate (TPUR); negative phase sequence unbalance rate (NPSUR); special transformer wiring (STW); Railway System Transport Cable (RSTC); Traction Supply Substation (TSS)

Online: 14 December 2021 (15:26:32 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0041.v1

Multifunctional Polyethylene Glycol Triethoxysilane… Dressing Study – A Clinician-Scientist’s Insights and Perspective

Linda Benskin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: polyurethane; negative pressure; non-adherent; diabetic foot ulcer; PolyMem; wound cleansing; moisture balancing; APTES; wound healing; chronic wounds; interactive dressing; multifunctional; inflammation; polymeric membrane dressing

Online: 3 January 2024 (02:15:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0849.v1

Modeling Adverse Events Counts in the Bulgarian Pharmacovigilance Database

Lyudmil Antonov, Bogdan Kirilov, Klara Dokova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19 vaccines; SARS-CoV-2; vaccine safety; pharmacovigilance; vaccination campaigns; adverse event; negative binomial distribution; Poisson-inverse Gaussian distribution; model diagnostics; real-world data

Online: 13 September 2023 (07:51:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0429.v1

Call for Urgent Regulations on Artificial Intelligence

Pavlo O. Dral, Arif Ullah

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Super Artificial intelligence; ChatGPT; ChatGPT-4; AI harm; Negative impacts of AI; AI use in Weapons; AI-driven unemployment; AI use in research

Online: 17 April 2023 (09:06:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1916.v1

TIM3 or HAVCR2 in Breast Cancer Instead of Suppression May Invoke Immune Action in Tumor Micro Environment

ANUPAM BASU, ARUNITA GHOSH, Barnali Dolui, Banani Majumdar, Pallavi Krishna, Arghya Bandopadhaya

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Breast Cancer; ; Triple negative breast cancer; T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3); HAVCR-2; TCGA; BRCA; TIMER2.0; UALCAN; GEPIA

Online: 29 January 2024 (02:11:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0033.v4

Circuit-Based Approaches for a Superconducting-Like Behavior with Relatively High Critical Current Density

Shinichi Ishiguri

Subject: Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics Keywords: temperature-independent superconductivity; circuit-approached superconductivity; electron pair; Bose– Einstein condensation; large superconducting energy gap; London equation; Meissner effect; macroscopic wave function; critical current density; negative voltages

Online: 20 February 2024 (22:14:28 CET)

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In general, a superconductor has zero resistance, although it requires significant refrigeration or high pressures with high manufacturing costs, which prevents it into practical applications. In other words, solving these issues implies main superconducting researches. To solve these problems, this paper describes a new type of superconductivity, which is independent for temperatures and which operates without pressures. The principles of the presented system are as follows:First a voltage source, a current source and a load are connected in series. Then, the voltage of the voltage source is adjusted to balance the voltage of the load. Under this condition, the balance of the two voltages provides a zero voltage between the taps of the current source and the generated current from the voltage source becomes zero because of the internal infinite resistance of the current source. As a result, the electric powers generated by the two sources are zero, and therefore, the load cannot generate Joule heating because of energy conservation. However, the current from the current source (not the voltage source) is not zero; therefore, we can predict that the resistance of the load must be zero. As a theory, we derived a new electric field and transient attractive force, which result in a very short coherence of an electron pair because there is not the Coulomb repulsive force due to the existence of the above transient attractive force. Note that both the forces are derived by the Poisson equation, which implies that they cannot be compatible. Therefore, the pair combination energy from spins becomes extremely strong, which is not destroyed by the normal heat energy. Moreover, every center-of-mass motion of electron pair results in the Bose-Einstein condensation and the macroscopic wave function, which produces the London equation (i.e., the Meissner effect). Moreover, by introducing the equivalent circuit, this paper conducted numerical calculations. As a result, we could derive numerically zero resistance and responses for additional static magnetic fields as a discharged current, which implies the Meissner effect. Note that this paper has prepared Appendix section, which provides a guide to reproduce actual experiments and preliminary experimental results. These results in the Appendix indicate the zero resistances and Meissner effects.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0433.v1

SRT as a Fourth-order-theory with Analogy-model of Damped Resonance

Holger Döring

Subject: Physical Sciences, Acoustics Keywords: SRT; fourth-order-theory; any velocity; FTL; real rest mass; resonance analogy; damped space-time; SR-Extrapolation; superluminal-velocity; negative kinetic energy; fourth-order worldline-element; no-tachyons

Online: 16 April 2021 (10:42:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0703.v5

On the Fundamental Particles and Reactions of Nature

Jian-Bin Bao, Nicholas P. Bao

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: aether; hypoatom; neutrino; inflation; gravity; negative pressure; dark energy; dark matter; black hole; spinning universe; quantum mechanics; first galaxies; spin-1/2 particle; matter-antimatter asymmetry; baryogenesis-through-leptogenesis; fabric of space; conformal cyclic cosmology; center of the universe; fate of the universe; general theory of relativity; parity non-conservation in weak interactions

Online: 4 January 2023 (02:26:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1811.v1

Enhancing Cervical Cancer Prevention in South African Women: Primary HPV mRNA Screening with Different Genotype Combinations

Sveinung Wergeland Sørbye, Bente Marie Falang, Hennie Botha, Leon Snyman, Haynes Van Der Merwe, Cathy Visser, Karin Richter, Greta Dreyer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Cervical cancer; HPV screening; Prevention strategies; Human Papillomavirus; HIV interaction; "Test and Treat" approach; Number Needed to Treat; Positive Predictive Value; Negative Predictive Value; Risk management; Global health challenges

Online: 27 October 2023 (13:21:23 CEST)

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Background: Cervical cancer prevention in regions with limited access to screening and HPV vaccination necessitates innovative approaches. This study explored the potential of a test-and-treat strategy using mRNA HPV tests to impact cervical cancer prevention in a high-prevalence HIV population. Methods: A cervical screening study was conducted at three South African hospitals involving 710 under-screened, non-pregnant women (25 to 65 years) without known cervical diseases. Cytology, HPV testing, colposcopy, and biopsies were performed concurrently. Histopathologists determined final histological diagnoses based on biopsy and LLETZ histology. mRNA-HPV-genotyping for 3 (16, 18, 45) to 8 (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58) high-risk types was performed on leftover liquid-based cytology material. The preventive potential of the test-and-treat approach was estimated based on published data, reporting the causative HPV types in cervical cancer tissue from South African women. Treatment was provided as needed. Results: HPV positivity rate more than doubled from 3-type (15.2%; 95% CI: 12.6-17.8) to 8-type mRNA (31.5%; 95% CI: 28.8-34.9) combinations, significantly higher among HIV-positive women. CIN3+ prevalence among HIV-positive women (26.4%) was double that of HIV-negative women (12.9%) (p<0.01). The 6-type combination showed the best balance of sensitivity, specificity and treatment group size, and effectiveness to prevent cervical cancer. A 4-type combination (16, 18, 35, 45) could potentially prevent 77.6% (95% CI: 71.2-84.0) of cervical cancer burden by treating 20% and detecting 41.1% of CIN3 cases in the study group. Similarly, a 6-type combination (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45), treating 25% and including 62% of CIN3 cases, might prevent 85% of cervical cancer cases (95% CI: 79.6-90.6) among HIV-positive and negative women. Conclusion: Employing mRNA HPV tests within a test-and-treat approach holds huge promise for targeted cervical cancer prevention in under-screened populations. Testing for mRNA of the 6 highest-risk HPV types in this population and treating them all is projected to effectively prevent progression from CIN3 to invasive cervical cancer while reducing overtreatment in resource-constrained settings.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0059.v1

The Effect of Recreation in a Snow-Covered Forest Environment on the Psychological Relaxation of Young Females

Ernest Bielinis, Adrian Łukowski, Aneta Omelan, Sergii Boiko, Norimasa Takayama

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: deciduous forest; female; forest bathing; forest therapy; Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; Profile of Mood States; Restorative Outcome Scale; restoration; Shinrin-Yoku; snow covered forest; Subjective Vitality Scale; winter

Online: 5 August 2019 (08:56:32 CEST)

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Forest recreation can be successfully conducted for the purpose of psychological relaxation, as has been proven in previous scientific studies. During the winter in many countries, when snow cover occurs frequently, forest recreation (walking, relaxation, photography, etc.) is common. Nevertheless, whether forest therapy conducted in a forest environment with a snow cover will also have a positive effect on psychological indicators remains unknown. Furthermore, male subjects frequently participate in forest therapy experiments, whereas females are rarely involved. Thus, in this study, the effectuality of forest recreation during winter and with snow cover was tested on 32 young females. For these reasons, the experiment involved 15-minute periods of relaxation in a forest environment or in an urban environment, in addition to a pre-test under indoor conditions. Four psychological questionnaires (POMS, PANAS, ROS, SVS) were administered to participants before and after interventions. Results showed that participants’ levels of negative mood, as measured by different aspects of the POMS questionnaire (tension-anxiety, anger-hostility, depression-dejection, confusion, fatigue), decreased after exposure to the forest environment. In contrast, both tension-anxiety and anger-hostility increased in the urban environment. The indicator of negative affect from the PANAS questionnaire also increased after exposure to the urban environment, whereas the indicator of positive affect based on PANAS was higher in the forest environment than in the urban environment. Restorativeness and subjective vitality exhibited higher values after exposure to the forest environment in comparison to those from the control and pre-test. The changes in these indicators demonstrates that forest recreation in the snow during winter can significantly increase psychological relaxation in young females, as well as showing that recreation can be successfully conducted under these winter conditions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0401.v1

Presentation and Surgical Management of Perineal Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Noemi Kristo, Gabriel Verdes, Ionut Flaviu Faur, Eniko Christine Hordovan, Ciprian Duta

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Surgery Keywords: Acne inversa; Hidradenitis suppurativa; Axillary hidradenitis suppurativa; Perineal hidradenitis suppura-tiva; Anogenital hidradenitis suppurativa; Langerhans cell histiocytosis; Perineal Langerhans cell histio-cytosis; histiocytosis X; Negative pressure wound therapy; Split-thickness skin grafting.

Online: 6 December 2023 (12:15:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0509.v1

GATA 3 Gene Overexpression Is A Biomarker of Adverse Prognosis for Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified and for ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: An Exploratory Analysis of 80 Latin American Cases of nodal PTCLs

Luís Alberto de Pádua Covas Lage, Cláudio Vinícius Brito, Débora Levy, Hebert Fabrício Culler, Samuel Campanelli Freitas Couto, Lucas Bassolli, Maria Claudia Nogueira Zerbini, Vanderson Rocha, Juliana Pereira

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas; peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL/NOS); ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL/ALK-); Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL); diagnosis; prognosis; GATA3 gene expression

Online: 29 April 2020 (12:48:00 CEST)

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Background: Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas (nPTCLs) encompass a heterogeneous group of mature and aggressive lymphoid malignancies, including peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL/NOS), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) ALK-positive and ALK-negative. Their differential diagnosis and prognosis are an issue in the clinical practice. Accurate biomarkers to refine the different subtypes of nPTCLs and to stratify their prognosis are essential to improve their treatment approach. The aim of this study was to test the prognostic impact of GATA3 gene expression, and its capability to discriminate the different subtypes of nPTCLs. Patients and Methods: From 2000 to 2017, 80 patients with nPTCLs were eligible for GATA3 gene expression analysis that was assessed retrospectively by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) of neoplastic biopsies in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded samples (FFPE). Results: Median age was 49 years old (IqR 34-59), 43/80 (53.7%) were male. Median follow-up was 1.72 years. Of them, 36.3% were classified as PTCL/NOS, 31.2% ALK-negative ALCL, 21.2% ALK-positive ALCL and 11.3% AITL. The majority of cases had advanced stage (III/IV). Two-year estimated overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 52.2% and 39.5%, respectively. The median GATA3 gene expression level was 0.49% (range 0 – 7.07) in all cohort, it was 0.11% for ALK-positive ALCL, 0.46% for ALK-negative ALCL, 0.86% for PTCL/NOS and 0.67% for AITL. The difference of GATA3 gene expression among distinct variants of nPTCLs was statistically significant (p < 0.001). GATA3 gene expression levels ≥ 0.71% discriminate PTCL/NOS from ALK-negative ALCL and AITL with sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 80.3%. GATA3 gene expression levels ≥ median was associated with poor 2-year OS for PTCL/NOS (46.7% x 21.4%, p=0.04) and for ALK-negative ALCL (85.7% x 54.5%, p=0.04). Conclusion: Despite the relative small and heterogeneous group of patients with nPTCLs, GATA3 gene overexpression may be an important biomarker associated with poor prognosis in PTCL/NOS and ALK-negative ALCL. Moreover it may also discriminate different subtypes of nPTCLs. Further studies with larger series of patients should confirm our findings.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1497.v1

The Impact of Repeating COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Tests on on Prevalence Boundary Performance and Missed Diagnoses

Gerald J Kost