In the present study, the effect of melatonin and sodium nitroprusside treatments on the improvement of high temperature tolerance in California Wonder green bell pepper plant was studied. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a form of a completely randomized design in three replications at Zabol University's Faculty of Agriculture. In this research, green bell pepper plants of Wonder cultivar were exposed to different temperature treatments (25°C, 35°C and 40°C) for 24 hours after being sprayed (foliar application) with 0μM, 50μM and 100μM concentrations of melatonin and sodium nitroprusside. Results showed that Shoot dry weight without fruit (DWPWF) at 40°C in compared to 25°C, 21.54% decreased. Also, foliar application with 100μM melatonin in compared to control (0uM) caused a 13.26% an increased in dry weight of shoots without fruit (DWPWF). Also, leaf chlorophyll at 40°C temperature in compared to 25°C temperature 32.82% decreased and foliar application with 100μM melatonin and 100μM sodium nitroprusside improved leaf chlorophyll value in compared to other foliar application treatments. Foliar application with 50uM and 100uM sodium nitroperoxide at 40°C temperature caused decreased of 15.16% and 20.99% of leaf hydrogen peroxide in compared to 0uM foliar application treatment, respectively. Also, under 40°C temperature, foliar application with melatonin and sodium nitroprusside (50μM and 100μM) in compared to 0μM foliar application activity of leaf superoxide dismutase enzyme increased. Also, leaf nitrogen under with 50 μM and 100μM melatonin in compared to 0μM foliar application 9.61% and 23.72% increased. Leaf potassium in 40°C temperature, foliar application with 50uM melatonin, 100uM melatonin, 50uM sodium nitroprusside and 100μM sodium nitroprusside 55.20, 72, 25.60 and 70.40% in compared to 0uM foliar application increased respectively. leaf iron in foliar application with 100μM sodium nitroprusside in compared to 0μM foliar application 17.96% increased.

The increasingly affordable price point of terrestrial laser scanners has led to a democratization of instrument availability, but the most common low-cost instruments have yet to be compared in terms of the consistency to measure forest structural attributes. Here, we compared two low-cost terrestrial laser scanners (TLS): the Leica BLK360 and the Faro Focus 120 3D. We evaluate the instruments in terms of point cloud quality, forest inventory estimates, tree-model reconstruction, and foliage profile reconstruction. Our direct comparison of the point clouds showed reduced noise in filtered Leica data. Tree diameter and height were consistent across instruments (4.4% and 1.4% error, respectively). Volumetric tree models were less consistent across instruments, with ~29% bias, depending on model reconstruction quality. In the process of comparing foliage profiles, we conducted a sensitivity analysis of factors affecting foliage profile estimates, showing a minimal effect from instrument maximum range (for forests less than ~50 m in height) and surprisingly little impact from degraded scan resolution. Filtered unstructured TLS point clouds must be artificially re-gridded to provide accurate foliage profiles. The factors evaluated in this comparison point towards necessary considerations for future low-cost laser scanner development and application in detecting forest structural parameters.

Spectacularly, particulate matter pollution influences human health by aggravating numerous diseases and causing premature deaths. In order to eliminate its concentration in the ambient air, plant species can act as natural bio-filters and capture, degrade, and metabolize air pollutants inside their foliage. In a study carried out at three sites with different pollution levels and plant types. The immobilization efficiency of Particulate Matter (PM) was investigated in the leaves of three species (shrub, climber, and herb) in the southwestern of Japan with a time gap of 14 days. Two healthy mature leaf samples of each specimen were carefully collected and analyzed using the gravimetric analytical method. A significant quantity of PM in three-size fractions with aerodynamic diameters ranging between (0.1-100 μm) was captured inside the leaf foliage of the analyzed species. Fine particles (2.5 -10 μm) dominated the highest portion of the PM deposition captured by the analyzed species with 70.6 μg.cm-2(39.5%). Shrub species represented with Elaeagnus pungens proved to be the most efficient species among the analyzed species. Leaf traits such as grooves, trichomes, roughness, and margin are considered key factors associated with positive PM deposition, whereas the total surface area of the leaves had no direct correlation to PM deposition.