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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0491.v1

On the nature of evidence and 'proving' causality: smoking and lung cancer vs. sun exposure, vitamin D and multiple sclerosis

Robyn Lucas, Rachael Rodney Harris

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: epidemiology, causality, association, smoking, lung cancer, vitamin D, sun exposure, multiple sclerosis

Online: 29 June 2018 (15:42:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0056.v1

The Current Status of Cigarette Smoking and Air Pollution Associated Lung Cancer

Fayang Ma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: lung cancer; cigarette smoking; air pollution; epidemiology; etiology

Online: 6 June 2022 (03:51:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0114.v1

A Possible Role of an Interaction of the Age at Common Childhood Infections and Selected Dietary Factors at Young Age, for the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis

Klaus Lauer, Annette Wahl, Marcel Geilenkeuser

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: multiple sclerosis; epidemiology; diet; childhood infections; interaction

Online: 22 November 2016 (13:00:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0112.v1

Epidemiologic and Histopathologic Feature of Lung Cancer in Central Iran (2012-2018)

Mohammad Sadegh Khalilian, Sina Narrei, Mahdi Hadian, Mehrdad Zeinalian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: lung cancer; epidemiology; histopathology; Central Iran; Isfahan

Online: 8 April 2020 (03:56:28 CEST)

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Background: Lung cancer is one of the common causes of death worldwide. Although the incidence rate of lung cancer in Western countries is decreasing, it presents a growing trend in developed countries. Since there is no accurate enough information about the epidemiological and Histopathologic features of lung cancer in central Iran, Isfahan, we were motivated to conduct this research. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in central Iran, Isfahan. All demographic, histopathological and clinical data of the lung cancer patients registered in MACSA, a referral charity-based cancer center in central Iran, was analyzed within 2012-2018 using SPSS v.22 software. Results: Altogether 260 patients with lung cancer were included in this study from 6127 cancer patients registered within 2012-2018 (4.2%). Out of them, 66.2% were men, and 18.8 % of the patients were alive at the time of the study. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 61.56 (SD=14.11, range: 9-93). Altogether, 63.1% of patients had metastasis of whom 57.6% were in stage IV at diagnosis. The Frequency of different types of lung cancer was 36.9% adenocarcinomas, 14.2% squamous cell carcinoma, 9.6% bronchogenic carcinoma and 8.1% small cell lung cancer, respectively. Altogether, 128 cases were smokers with an average 35.45 ± 14 pack- years. Only in 36.2% of the patients, the diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers had been checked, and CK7 was positive in 88.9% of the cases in which the biomarker had been checked. Conclusion: Despite to similar Iranian studies, the most common histopathologic type of lung cancer among the patients was adenocarcinoma that it may be attributed to the lower consumption of smoking in our population and their different genetic context. Molecular biomarkers had been checked in a small portion of the patients. More education of the clinicians along with the development of cancer molecular testing may lead to promote the personalized-based approach.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1493.v1

Real-World Data and Evidence in Lung Cancer: A Review of Recent Developments

Eleni Kokkotou, Maximilian Anagnostakis, Georgios Evangelou, Nikolaos K Syrigos, Ioannis Gkiozos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: oncology; real-world data; real-world evidence; epidemiology; safety; efficacy; artificial intelligence; machine learning; data quality; lung cancer

Online: 27 February 2024 (08:04:33 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1775.v1

Prevalence and Distribution of Thermotolerant Campylobacter Species in Poultry: A Comprehensive Review with a Focus on the Factors Affecting the Detection and Enumeration of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Chicken Meat

Nikolaos D. Andritsos, Nikolaos Tzimotoudis, Marios Mataragas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Campylobacter; chicken; epidemiology; meat; poultry

Online: 26 June 2023 (09:54:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0117.v1

Identification of Malignant Mesothelioma Risk Factors through Association Rule Mining

Talha Mahboob Alam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: malignant mesothelioma; epidemiology; association rule mining; Apriori method; imbalanced dataset

Online: 10 November 2019 (16:15:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0128.v1

An Updated Review on the Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Etiology and Diagnosis of Liver Cirrhosis

Gee Young Geong, Sun Hyung Kang, Chang Min Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Liver cirrhosis; epidemiology; etiology; risk factors; pathophysiology; diagnosis.

Online: 11 March 2019 (09:44:18 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Characterization, Management, and Epidemiology of Odontogenic Infections: An Analysis of 103 Cases at a Major Regional Medical Center

Ho-Hyun Sun, Wenli Yu, Sally Sun, Sean Lee, Vincent Farhood, Payam Afzali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: odontogenic infection; dental abscess; head and neck infection; dental epidemiology; racial discrepancy; gender discrepancy

Online: 2 November 2020 (10:33:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0117.v1

Epidemiological Characteristics and Survival in Patients with de novo Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Carlo Cattrini, Davide Soldato, Alessandra Rubagotti, Linda Zinoli, Elisa Zanardi, Paola Barboro, Carlo Messina, Elena Castro, David Olmos, Francesco Boccardo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: prostatic neoplasms/mortality; prostatic neoplasms/epidemiology; SEER program

Online: 5 August 2020 (09:46:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0217.v1

Association Between Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Abnormal Glucose Risk: A Cohort Study

Robert A Sloan, Youngdeok Kim, Jonathan Kenyon, Marco Visentini Scarzanella, Susumu S Sawada, Xuemei Sui, I-Min Lee, Jonathan N Myers, Carl J Lavie

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: estimated cardiorespiratory fitness; physical activity; prediabetes; diabetes; abnormal blood glucose; electronic health records; epidemiology; prevention; primary care

Online: 13 December 2022 (02:15:06 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1757.v1

Epidemiology Patterns of Renal Cell Carcinoma Worldwide: Examining Risk Factors and Contemporary Immunotherapy Approaches

Ikenna K. Uchendu, Yvan Sinclair Ngaha Tchawe, Zhilenkova Angelina V., Zaiana D. Sangadzhieva, Alexander S. Rusanov, Leonid N. Bagmet, Varvara D. Sanikovich, Nathalia M. Nikitina, Obinna A. Ikebunwa, Henshaw U Okoroiwu, Olokodana Babatunde Kazeem, Marina I. Sekacheva

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Renal cell carcinoma; Epidemiology; Immunotherapy; Prevalence rate; Mortality rate

Online: 27 October 2023 (05:18:31 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0022.v2

Epidemiology-Based Analysis of the Risks and Elimination Strategies of the Monkeypox Outbreak in 2022

Ji-Ming Chen, Rui-Xu Chen, Huan-Yu Gong, Meng-Meng Zhao, Yu-Fei Ji, Ming-Hui Sun, Guo-Hui Li, Su-Mei Tan, Gui-Hong Zhang, Ji-Wang Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: monkeypox; risk; elimination; epidemiology; outbreak; prediction

Online: 14 November 2022 (09:43:24 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0434.v1

The Importance of Screening for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer: Epidemiological Review

Navneetha Hardikar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Obstetrics And Gynaecology Keywords: Ovarian Cancer; Epidemiology; Risk Factors; Screening; Diagnosis, Mortality; Incidence

Online: 28 October 2021 (11:41:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0483.v1

Loreto Domínguez Senín, David Morales Pancorbo, María Yeray Rodríguez Garcés, María Dolores Santos-Rubio -, Juan Bayo Calero

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacy Keywords: MRONJ; CDK4/6 inhibitors; metastatic breast cancer; oral epidemiology

Online: 8 November 2023 (08:42:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0023.v1

MMTV Prevalence in Breast Cancer Samples in Romania- Do Major Geographical Differences Exist in the World Population?

Zsolt Fekete, Bristena Octavia Tertan, Lajos Raduly, Dan Tudor Eniu, Rares Buiga, Mihaela Galatar, Ioana Berindean-Neagoe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: breast cancer; mouse-mammary tumor virus; epidemiology; etiology

Online: 1 July 2021 (11:31:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0627.v1

The Association between Coffee and Tea Consumption at Midlife and Risk of Dementia Later in Life: The HUNT Study

Denise Abbel, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Marit Kolberg, Geir Selbæk, Raymond Noordam, Håvard Kjesbu Skjellegrind

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: coffee consumption; tea consumption; mild cognitive impairment; dementia; Alzheimer’s disease; nutrition; epidemiology; apolipoprotein E; MCI

Online: 20 April 2023 (07:55:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1034.v1

Incident Cancer Risk in Patients With Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Hungary (Part 1)

Zsolt Abonyi-Tóth, György Rokszin, Ibolya Fábián, Zoltán Kiss, György Jermendy, Péter Kempler, Csaba Lengyel, István Wittmann, Gergő A. Molnár, Gábor Sütő

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; epidemiology; cancer; incidence; new-onset diabetes

Online: 19 February 2024 (10:20:11 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

A Literature Review of 2019 Novel Coronavirus During the Early Outbreak Period: Epidemiology, Causes, Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis, Prevention and Control

Sasmita Poudel Adhikari, Sha Meng, Yuju Wu, Yuping Mao, Ruixue Ye, Qingzhi Wang, Chang Sun, Sean Sylvia, Scott Rozelle, Hein Raat, Huan Zhou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: 2019-nCoV; epidemiology; causes; prevention and control; review

Online: 6 February 2020 (08:54:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0588.v1

Arboviruses in the COVID-19 Era in the State of Maranhão, Brazil (2019–2021)

Eduardo Mendes Dos Santos, Joselio Maria Galvão de Araújo, Selma Jeronimo, Joanna Gardel Valverde, Jeniffer D. Sanchez, Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto Da Silva, Gerusinete Rodrigues Bastos Dos Santos, Mayara Cristina Pinto Da Silva, Kátia Regina Assunção Borges, Flávia Castello Branco Vidal, Anna Cyntia Brandão Nascimento Maniçoba, Marcelo Souza de Andrade, Maria do Carmo Lacerda Barbosa, Josélia Alencar Lima, Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Arboviruses; Chikungunya; Epidemiology; Covid-19

Online: 8 August 2023 (11:01:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0066.v1

Design of the EPIGENEC Study: Assessing the EPIdemiology and GENetics of Escherichia coli in the Netherlands

Denise van Hout, Tess D. Verschuuren, Patricia C.J. Bruijning-Verhagen, Thijs Bosch, E. Ascelijn Reuland, Ad C. Fluit, Anita C. Schürch, Rob J.L. Willems, Sabine C. de Greeff, Annemarie van ’t Veen, Jan A.J.W. Kluytmans, Marc J.M. Bonten

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Escherichia coli; antimicrobial resistance; infection; molecular epidemiology

Online: 7 February 2019 (09:15:44 CET)

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Background: Infections caused by E. coli cause considerable disease burden and range from frequently occurring and relatively innocent urinary tract infection (UTI) to severe bloodstream infection (BSI). The incidence of infections caused by ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-PEc) is increasing, justifying surveillance and development of preventive strategies in several domains. Faecal carriage is universal and believed to be the most important reservoir for E. coli from which infections can originate. It is currently unknown to what extent Dutch E. coli carriage strains in the community reflect isolates causing disease. In this study, we will perform comparative genomics to infer the population structures of human-derived ESBL-PEc from community- and hospital-acquired infections and from community-based faecal carriage samples in the Netherlands. Furthermore, we will describe the molecular epidemiology of E. coli isolates causing invasive disease (BSI). Methods: This study uses four different microbiological data sources: 1) ESBL-PEc from patients with community-acquired UTI tested in primary care between May and November 2017, 2) ESBL-PEc from urine cultures obtained from patients hospitalized between January 2014 and December 2016, 3) E. coli from blood cultures obtained from patients hospitalized between January 2014 and December 2016, and 4) ESBL-PEc from faecal samples collected in a national population- prevalence study performed between January 2014 and January 2017. Clinical epidemiological data was collected from all patients and all isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Discussion: The EPIGENEC study (EPIdemiology and GENetics of E. coli) will describe the molecular epidemiology of E. coli BSI and assess the genomic population structure of ESBL-PEc strains from community-acquired and nosocomial infections, and of ESBL-PEc reflecting community-based faecal carriage. Information from these studies may assist in optimizing surveillance strategies and determining targets and potential impact of future new preventive measures.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0590.v1

Estimates of Cancer Mortality Attributable to Carcinogenic Infections in Italy

Pietro Ferrara, Sara Conti, Fernando Agüero, Luciana Albano, Cristina Masuet-Aumatell, Josep Maria Ramon-Torrell, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: burden of cancer mortality; cancer epidemiology; cancer etiology; cancer prevention; carcinogenic infections; modifiable risk factors

Online: 28 October 2020 (12:13:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0732.v1

A Real-World, Observational, Prospective Study to Assess the Molecular Epidemiology of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutations upon Progression on or after First-Line Therapy with a First or Second Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in EGFR Mutation-Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: The ‘LUNGFUL’ Study

Giannis Mountzios, Anna Koumarianou, Alexandros Bokas, Dimitrios Mavroudis, Epaminondas Samantas, Evangelos Georgios Fergadis, Helena Linardou, Panagiotis Katsaounis, Elias Athanasiadis, Michalis V. Karamouzis, George Pentheroudakis, Sofia Lampaki, Marios Froudarakis, Eleni-Isidora A. Perdikouri, Alvertos Somarakis, Foteini Papageorgiou, Zoe Paparepa, Aristeidis Nikolaou, Konstantinos N. Syrigos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR); mutations, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor; molecular epidemiology; Non-small-cell lung cancer

Online: 28 April 2021 (07:55:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1362.v1

The Rise and Fall of Omicron BA.1 Variant as Seen in Wastewater Supports Epidemiological Model Predictions

Michal Liddor Naim, Yu Fu, Marilou Shagan, Itay Bar-Or, Robert Marks, Qun Sun, Rony Granek, Ariel Kushmaro

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Omicron; Wastewater-based epidemiology; RT-qPCR; SIR model; SIRS model

Online: 20 July 2023 (11:44:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1095.v1

Incident Cancer Risk of Patients With Prevalent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Hungary (Part 2)

Zsolt Abonyi-Tóth, György Rokszin, Gábor Sütő, Ibolya Fábián, Zoltán Kiss, György Jermendy, Péter Kempler, Csaba Lengyel, István Wittmann, Gergő A. Molnár

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: Diabetes mellitus (Type 2); cancer; incidence; epidemiology; age; odds ratio; annual percent change

Online: 20 February 2024 (07:04:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0060.v1

Epidemiology of the Acceptance of Anti Covid-19 Vaccine in Urban and Rural Settings in Cameroon

Cecile Ingrid Djuikoue, Rodrigue Kamga Wouambo, Majeste Pahane, Blaise Demanou Fenkeng, Cedric Seugnou Nana, Joelle Djamfa Nzenya, Flore Fotso Kamgne, Cedric Ngalani Toutchou, Benjamin D. Thumamo Pokam, Teke Apalata

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: vaccination; acceptance; Covid-19; epidemiology; Cameroon; urban area; rural area

Online: 3 February 2023 (06:23:26 CET)

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The Covid-19 pandemic has rapidly evolved in December 2019 and to prevent its spread, effective vaccines has been produced and made available to the population. Despite their availability so far in Cameroon, the vaccination coverage remains low. This study aimed at describing the epidemiology of the acceptance of vaccines against Covid-19 in some urban and rural areas of Cameroon. A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey was conducted from March 2021 to August 2021 targeting unvaccinated individuals from urban and rural area. After getting appropriate administrative authorizations and an ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of Douala University (N° 3070CEI-Udo/05/2022/M), a cluster sampling at many degrees was performed and a language adapted questionnaire was filled by each consenting participant. Data were analyzed using Epi info version 7.2.2.6 software and for P-values ˂ 0.05, the difference was considered as statistically significant. Out of 1053 individuals, 58.02% (611/1053) participants were residing in urban and 41.98% (442/1053) in rural areas. Good knowledge relative to Covid-19 was significantly higher in urban areas as compared to rural areas (97.55%vs.85.07, P<0.000). The proportion of respondents who intended to accept the anti Covid-19 vaccine was significantly higher in urban areas than rural areas (42.55%vs.33.26, p=0.0047). Conversely, the proportion of anti Covid-19 reluctant respondents thinking that the vaccine can induce a disease was significantly higher in rural areas than urban areas (54 (35.07 vs 8.84, P<0.0001). The significant determinants of anti-COVID-19 acceptance were the level of education (p=0.0001) and profession in the rural areas (p=<0.0001), and only the profession (p=0.0046) in the urban areas. This study globally shows that anti-COVID-19 vaccination remains a major challenge in urban as well as rural area in Cameroon. We should keep sensitizing and educate population about vaccine importance in preventing the COVID-19 spread.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0240.v1

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater Associated with Scientific Stations in Antarctica and Possible Risk for Wildlife

Marcelo González-Aravena, Cristobal Galban-Malagon, Eduardo Castro-Nallar, Gonzalo P. Barriga, Victor Neira, Lucas Krüger, Aiko D. Adell, Jorge Olivares-Pacheco

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Antarctica; wastewater-based epidemiology; COVID-19; Antarctic wildlife; environmental surveillance

Online: 5 February 2024 (07:58:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1541.v1

National Burden and Trends for 29 Groups of Cancer in Mexico from 1990 to 2019: A Secondary Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Saul A. Beltran-Ontiveros, Jose A. Contreras-Gutierrez, Erik Lizarraga-Verdugo, Erick P Gutierrez-Grijalva, Kenia Lopez-Lopez, Emilio H. Lora-Fierro, Miguel A. Trujillo-Rojas, Jose M. Moreno-Ortiz, Diana L. Cardoso-Angulo, Emir Leal-Leon, Jose R. Zatarain-Lopez, Hector M. Cuen-Diaz, Marisol Montoya-Moreno, Brisceyda Arce-Bojorquez, Jose L. Rochin-Teran, Daniel E. Cuen-Lazcano, Victor A. Contreras-Rodriguez, Ricardo Lascurain, Liliana Carmona-Aparicio, Elvia Coballase-Urrutia, Francisco Gallardo-Vera, Daniel Diaz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Burden of disease; Cancer epidemiology; Cancer mortality, Malignant neoplasm; Public health

Online: 23 November 2023 (14:05:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1838.v1

Chikungunya Virus Vaccine: An Update Review

Mohd Sayeed Shaikh, Md. Faiyazuddin, Mubasshera Sabir Khan, Shahbaz K. Pathan, Imran J. Syed, Mohammad Shabib Akhtar, Ranjit Sah, Rachana Mehta, Sanjit Sah, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Camila Luna, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: chikungunya; prevention; vaccines; epidemiology; RNA vaccines

Online: 29 March 2024 (10:16:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0059.v1

Epidemiology Aspects of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

Aleksandra S. Maksimova, Tatiana A. Shelkovnikova, Nadezhda I. Ryumshina, Olga V. Mochula, Valery Kh. Vaizov, Irina A. Trubacheva, Oksana M. Novikova, Azamat B. Naiman, Alina D. Kuznetsova, Nazary P. Chesalov, Wladimir Yu. Ussov, And Nina D. Anfinogenova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19; long COVID-19; paramagnetic contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; MRI; CMR; myocarditis; electronic medical record; online survey; epidemiology; public health

Online: 3 March 2023 (06:30:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0071.v1

Brain Tumor Epidemiology: Updates from USA, UK and Australia

Sumit Chatterjee, Ranjan Roy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Brain tumor; Epidemiology

Online: 5 October 2021 (08:46:35 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0077.v4

The Ongoing COVID-19 Epidemic Curves Indicate Initial Point Spread in China With Log-Normal Distribution of New Cases per Day With a Predictable Last Date of the Outbreak Version 4: Predictions for Selected European Countries, USA and the World as a Whole and Try to Predict the End of the Outbreak Including a Discussion of a Possible “New Normal”

Stefan Olsson, Jing Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: epidemiology; COVID-19

Online: 19 April 2020 (08:15:10 CEST)

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During an epidemic outbreak it is useful for planners and responsible authorities to be able to plan ahead to estimate when an outbreak of an epidemic is likely to ease and when the last case can be predicted in their area of responsibility. Theoretically this could be done for a point source epidemic using epidemic curve forecasting. The extensive data now coming out of China makes it possible to test if this can be done using MS Excel a standard spreadsheet program available to most offices. The available data is divided up for whole China and the different provinces. This and the high number of cases makes the analysis possible. Data for new confirmed infections for Hubei, Hubei outside Wuhan, China excluding Hubei as well as Zhejiang and Fujian provinces all follow a log-normal distribution that can be used to make a rough estimate for the date of the last new confirmed cases in respective areas. In the version 2 continuation work, 9 additional days were added for the Chinese data to evaluate the previous predictions. The extra data then available from China follows the previous predicted trend supporting the usefulness of this simple technique. In the version 2 we also tested the feasibility for a non-specialist to make similar predictions using additional data from S Korea now available. In this third continuation the predictions for Version 2 are evaluated for S Korea and fits well the beginning of the decline but it seems to be difficult to bring down numbers of cases per day under about 100 new cases per day, potential reasons for this is discussed. To further evaluate when in a prediction becomes reliable the Chinese data was used to evaluate to make predictions for each day around the peak in number of cases and after2-3 consecutive days of decreasing new cases per day the prediction becomes reliable. In version 3 data for Italy just reaching this point was used to make further predictions for that country. A second new analysis was also added to use the fitted equation to detect when the acceleration of new cases per day stopped increasing exponentially. In the Chinese case this measured point coincides with the date of the complete Hubei lockdown and in the new Italian analysis it coincides with the mandatory Italian lockdown. Predicted dates for the end of the Italian outbreak is also added. In version 4 we expand the analysis to selected European countries, USA and the World as a whole and try to predict the end of the outbreak. We further discuss the apparent success of the used techniques that might work to introduce a “new normal” not very different to the previous to stop secondary outbreaks of COVID19 and future COVIDs that are sure to come.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0621.v2

Spatial Distribution of Zika in Honduras during 2016–2017 Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)—Implications in Public Health and Travel Medicine

Lysien I. Zambrano, Walter O. Vasquez-Bonilla, Itzel Carolina Fuentes-Barahona, José Cláudio da Silva, Jorge Alberto Valle-Reconco, Marco Tulio Medina, John D. England, Jorge A. Sánchez-Duque, Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Zika virus (ZIKV); geographical information systems (GIS); public health; travelers; arboviruses; infectious diseases epidemiology; Honduras

Online: 1 February 2019 (09:44:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0084.v1

Incidence, Mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, and Trends of Prostate Cancer in Mexico from 2000 to 2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Saul A. Beltran-Ontiveros, Martha A. Fernandez-Galindo, Jose M. Moreno-Ortiz, Jose A. Contreras-Gutierrez, Jesus Madueña-Molina, Elyakim Arambula-Meraz, Emir Leal-Leon, Delia M. Becerril-Camacho, Veronica J. Picos-Cardenas, Carla Angulo-Rojo, Diana Z. Velazquez, Francisco Jimenez-Trejo, Francisco Gallardo-Vera, Daniel Diaz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: Age-standardized rate; Burden of disease; Cancer epidemiology; Malign neoplasm; Sociodemographic index; Subnational heterogeneity

Online: 6 May 2022 (14:47:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1109.v1

Estimating Wastewater Dilution Using Chemical Markers and Incomplete Flow Measurements: Application to Normalisation of SARS-CoV-2 Measurements

Owen D. Jones, Amy J. Baldwin, William B. Perry, Henry Wilde, Isabelle Durance, Davey L. Jones, Andrew Weightman

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; wastewater-based epidemiology; wastewater; dilution; flow normalisation; Bayesian

Online: 20 February 2024 (07:09:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0087.v1

Community-Based View on Diagnostic Imaging at the End of COVID-19 Pandemic: Online Survey-Assisted Study

Nina D. Anfinogenova, Aleksandra S. Maksimova, Tatiana A. Shelkovnikova, Nadezhda I. Ryumshina, Alina D. Kuznetsova, Nazary P. Chesalov, Wladimir Y. Ussov, Alexey N. Repin

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: surveys and questionnaires; diagnostic imaging; magnetic resonance imaging; epidemiology; public health; big data; COVID-19; environmental pollution; rural health services; population health

Online: 1 April 2024 (12:27:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1548.v1

Understanding Syringomyelia in Myelomeningocele: A Clinical Observational Study.

Chiara Spezzani, Andrea Di Rita, Alice Noris, Simone Peraio, Matteo Lenge, Tayler B. Appleton, Marta Menegatti, Giorgio Mantovani, Ludovico D’Incerti, Maria Taverna, Flavio Giordano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: myelomeningocele, epidemiology, syringomyelia incidence.

Online: 20 December 2023 (12:03:01 CET)

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Background: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most common open spinal dysraphism (OSD) and is typically associated with other clinical and/or radiological abnormalities. Chiari type 2 malformation (CM-II) is observed in 80% to 96.7% of patients, and approximately 80% of cases involve posterior fossa abnormalities leading to hydrocephalus. MMC patients can present with syringomyelia, which usually improves by treating hydrocephalus. However, a minority of patients develop a progressive form of syringomyelia requiring more invasive treatments. Through this retrospective observational study, our objective is to elucidate the incidence of syringomyelia, its symptomatic manifestations, and the associated radiological and clinical characteristics in pediatric patients diagnosed with myelomeningocele Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 39 pediatric patients diagnosed with myelomeningocele at a tertiary referral institute. The study encompassed individuals born between 1997 and 2022. Descriptive statistics were employed to explore epidemiological aspects and clinical features. Additionally, incidence rates of syringomyelia and its progressive variants were calculated, with a focus on their correlation with diagnoses of hydrocephalus, Chiari type 2 malformation (CM-II), and spinal cord tethering. Results: Over the last twenty-five years, the incidence of syringomyelia in pediatric patients affected by MMC was 46.2%. The incidence of its progressive forms was 16.7%. Two patients improved after the management of hydrocephalus with secondary Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV), and only one patient required syrinx-shunting. Conclusions: The occurrence of syringomyelia among patients with myelomeningocele (MMC) in our center aligns with reported rates in existing literature. Our findings indicate that active hydrocephalus, leading to a deterioration of hindbrain herniation, appears to be a significant factor in the development of progressive symptomatic syringomyelia within this population.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1492.v1

Epidemiology of Congenital Cholesteatoma

Yoshinori Kadowaki, Shinsuke Ide, Takeshi Nakamura, Takumi Okuda, Hideto Shigemi, Takashi Hirano, Kuniyuki Takahashi, Masashi Suzuki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Otolaryngology Keywords: congenital cholesteatoma; epidemiology; incidence

Online: 20 December 2023 (09:37:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0718.v1

Excess Mortality in England During the 2019 Summer Heatwaves.

Natasha Rustemeyer, Mark Howells

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Temperature; Mortality; Heatwave; Epidemiology

Online: 30 November 2020 (11:08:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1998.v1

Prescribed-vs.-Taken Polypharmacy and Drug-Drug Interactions in Older Cardiovascular Patients: Observational Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Nina D. Anfinogenova, Oksana M. Novikova, Irina A. Trubacheva, Elena V. Efimova, Nazary P. Chesalov, Wladimir Y. Ussov, Aleksandra S. Maksimova, Tatiana A. Shelkovnikova, Nadezhda I. Ryumshina, Irina A. Trubacheva, Sergey V. Popov, Alexei N. Repin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: cardiovascular disease; drug-drug interaction; polypharmacy; health information system; electronic health record; epidemiology; public health

Online: 28 June 2023 (10:34:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0286.v1

Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Non-Endemic Territories

Mikhail I. Mikhailov, Anastasia A. Karlsen, Ilya A. Potemkin, Olga V. Isaeva, Vera S. Kichatova, Elena Yu. Malinnikova, Fedor A. Asadi Mobarkhan, Eugeniy V. Mullin, Maria A. Lopatukhina, Victor Manuylov, Elena P. Mazunina, Evgeniia N. Bykonia, Denis A. Kleymenov, Liubov I. Popova, Vladimir A. Gushchin, Artem P. Tkachuk, Andrey D. Polyakov, Ahmed M. El-Adly, Sergey A. Solonin, Ilya Gordeychuk, Karen Kyuregyan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Hepatitis E virus; Paslahepevirus balayani; seroprevalence; molecular epidemiology; zoonosis; disease outbreaks

Online: 15 November 2022 (10:28:45 CET)

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The factors influencing hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation remain largely unexplored. We investigated HEV seroprevalence in humans and the prevalence of infection in farm pigs and rabbits in different regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the genetic diversity and population dynamics of HEV. Anti-HEV IgG antibody detection rates in the general population increase significantly with age, from 1.5% in children and adolescents under 20 years old to 4.8% in adults aged between 20 and 59 years old, to 16.7% in people aged 60 years and older. HEV seroprevalence varies between regions, with the highest rate observed in Belgorod Region (16.4% compared with the national average of 4.6%), which also has the country’s highest pig population. When compared with the archival data, both increases and declines in HEV seroprevalence have been observed within the last 10 years, depending on the study region. Virus shedding has been detected in 19 out of the 21 pig farms surveyed. On one farm, circulation of the same viral strain for five years was documented. All human and animal strains belonged to the HEV-3 genotype, with its clade 2 sequences being predominant in pigs. Sequences from patients, pigs, and sewage from pig farms clustered together, suggesting a zoonotic infection in humans and possible environmental contamination. The HEV-3 population size predicted using SkyGrid reconstruction demonstrated exponential growth in the 1970s–1990s, with a subsequent decline followed by a short rise around the year 2010, the pattern being similar to the dynamics of the pig population in the country. The HEV-3 reproduction number (Re) predicted using Birth-Death Skyline analysis has fluctuated around 1 over the past 20 years in Russia, but is 10 times higher in Belgorod Region. In conclusion, HEV-3 circulation varies both geographically and temporally, even within a single country. The possible factors contributing to this variability are largely related to the circulation of the virus among farm pigs.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0627.v1

Scoping Review of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Somalia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Mohamed Jayte

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; epidemiology; prevalence; Somalia

Online: 11 October 2023 (06:51:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1995.v1

Potential mutagenicity in Meat and Fish: An Outcome of High Heat Cooking

Mahwish Tanveer, Nida Kanwal, Hamza Rafeeq, Aamir Arshad, Salim Ur Rehman, Saadia Manzoor

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: meat; fish; carcinogens; mitigation; epidemiology

Online: 29 August 2023 (13:17:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0125.v1

Ethnicity, Progressive Keratoconus, and Outcomes After Corneal Cross-Linking in South Israel

Jacob Adam Yaffe, Ran Matlov Kormas, Boris E. Malyugin, Matthew Boyko, Raimo Tuuminen, Boris Knyazer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: epidemiology; ectasia; Bedouin; Jewish; Kmax

Online: 2 August 2023 (10:36:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.2003.v1

Covid-19: From Limit Cycle to Stable Focus

Alexander V. Sokolov, Vladimir V. Voloshinov

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: epidemiology; morbidity; immunity; equilibrium; bifurcation

Online: 29 June 2023 (02:09:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0304.v1

The Reemergence of Monkeypox in Nigeria—A Mini‐Review

Nzube Ekpunobi, OLUWAMAYOWA AKINSUYI1, THERESA ARIRI, Temitope Ogunmola

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Monkeypox; Nigeria; MPXV; Epidemiology; Spillover

Online: 16 March 2023 (10:43:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0267.v2

Systematic Review of Wastewater Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Populations

Kevin Chau, Leanne Barker, Eric Budgell, Karina-doris Vihta, Natalie Sims, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern, Elinor Harriss, Derrick Crook, Daniel Read, Sarah Walker, Nicole Stoesser

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: AMR; sewage; epidemiology; wastewater; surveillance

Online: 21 June 2021 (11:25:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0507.v1

The Demographic, Social, and Economic Correlates of HIV Infection Status in Sub-Saharan Africa

Eran Bendavid, Kajal Claypool, Eric Chow, Jake Chung, Don Mai, Chirag Patel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: HIV; big data; Africa; epidemiology

Online: 21 December 2020 (11:14:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0485.v1

Occurrence and Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Dairy Cattle, Milk and Farm Environment in Peninsular Malaysia

Emelia Aini Kamaruzzaman, Saleha Abdul-Aziz, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus, Zunita Zakaria, Latiffah Hassan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Characterisation; Epidemiology; ESBL; Escherichia coli

Online: 20 September 2020 (15:46:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0497.v1

Taking the Inner Route: Spatial and Demographic Factors Affecting Vulnerability to COVID-19 Among 604 Cities from Inner São Paulo State, Brazil

Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza, Raul Borges Guimarães, Gabriel Berg de Almeida, Micheli Pronunciate, Cláudia Pio Ferreira

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: COVID-19; Epidemiology; Ecologic study

Online: 28 April 2020 (10:23:16 CEST)

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Objectives: The impact of COVID-19 in metropolitan areas has been extensively studied. The geographic spread to smaller cities is of great concern and may follow hierarchical influence of urban centers. With that in mind, we investigated factors that affect vulnerability of inner municipalities in São Paulo State, Brazil, an area with 24 million inhabitants. Methods: Surveillance data for confirmed COVID-19 cases and admissions for severe acute respiratory disease (SARD) up to April 18^th were recorded for each of 604 municipalities that lay outside São Paulo metropolitan area. Vulnerability was assessed in Multivariable models, including sociodemographic indexes, road distance to the State Capital and the municipalities classification proposed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Municipalities of great regional relevance were used as reference category for that classification. The outcome of interest for Cox regression was having COVID-cases, with time counting from the first report in São Paulo State. For binomial negative regression models, the outcomes of interest were rates of confirmed COVID-19 cases and admissions for SARD.Results: A total of 198 (32.8%) municipalities had autochthonous COVID-19 cases. In Cox models, affected municipalities were likely to have greater population density (Hazard Ratio[HR] for each 100 inhabitants per square kilometer, 1.07; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], (1.05-1.10)), proportion of inhabitants in urban area (HR, 1.02; 95%CI, 1.00-1.04), higher human development index (HDI, HR for 1%, 1.06; 95%CI, 1.00-1.13) and Gini Index for Inequality of income (HR for 1%, 1.04, 95% CI, 1.00-1.07). On the other hand, distance from the Capital was protective (HR for each 100Km, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.74-0.90). The HR95%[95%CI] also varied negatively according to the categories of influence of major centers (0.41 [0.22-0.77], 0.16 [0.09-0.32], 0.07 [0.03-0.15]). The binomial negative regression models for COVID-19 incidence also detected positive association with population density (Incidence Rate Ratio[IRR], 1.13; 95%CI, 1.07-1.18) and proportion of urban population (IRR, 1.04; 95%CI, 1.01-1.05), protection for cities distant to the Capital (IRR=0.73; 95%CI, 0.68-0.81) and increasing negative association for categories of influence (0.19 [0.09-0.42], 0.07 [0.03-0.15] and 0.03 [0.02-0.08]). Similar findings were detected when we used SARD incidence as outcome.Conclusion: Municipalities with greater population, density and regional influence were more likely to be affected earlier and more intensely by COVID-19. Non-pharmacological measures should be strengthened in those areas of greater risk.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0283.v1

Emerging Understanding of Etiology and Epidemiology of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China

Daibing Zhou, Peng Zhang, Chen Bao, Youzhi Zhang, Ning Zhu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Etiology; Epidemiology; COVID-19; Wuhan

Online: 19 February 2020 (11:58:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0387.v1

Aflatoxins in Mozambique: Etiology, Epidemiology and Control

Edgar Cambaza, Shigenobu Koseki, Shuso Kawamura

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: aflatoxins; Mozambique; etiology; epidemiology; control

Online: 28 May 2018 (08:40:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0125.v1

Incidence and Characteristics of Cataract Surgery in Poland, during 2010 -2015

Michal Nowak, Iwona Grabska-Liberek, Katarzyna Michalska-Malecka, Andrzej Grzybowski, Milena Koziol, Wojciech Niemczyk, Barbara Wieckowska, Jacek Szaflik

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Ophthalmology Keywords: eye, cataract, epidemiology, public health

Online: 19 February 2018 (16:37:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0285.v1

Wastewater Based Epidemiology, Phylogenetic Analysis and Machine Learning Approach to Describe the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the South-East of Spain

JOSE ANTONIO FEREZ, ENRIC CUEVAS-FERNANDO, MARIA AYALA-SAN NICOLAS, PEDRO J Simón Andreu, ROMAN LOPEZ, Pilar Truchado, Gloria Sánchez, ANA ALLENDE

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Epidemiology; Wastewater-based Epidemiology; Phylogenetic Analysis; Machine Learning Approach; Molecular virology

Online: 5 May 2023 (03:31:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0153.v1

Spatial Distribution of COVID-19 in Honduras at the Early Phase of the Pandemic Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Lysien I. Zambrano, Manuel Antonio Sierra-Santos, Homer Mauricio Mejía-Santos, Elsa Yolanda Palou, Fausto Muñoz-Lara, Ivette Lorenzana, Tito Alvarado, Itzel Carolina Fuentes-Barahona, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga, Ivan Rodriguez-Nuñez, Víctor Manuel Valladares-Rosa, Arturo Gerardo Corrales-Alvarez, Kovy Arteaga-Livias, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; geographical information systems (GIS); coronavirus; epidemiology of infectious diseases; public health.

Online: 12 June 2020 (12:36:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0102.v1

An Introduction to Probabilistic Record Linkage

Jana Asher, Dean Resnick, Jennifer Brite, Robert Brackbill, James Cone

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: epidemiology; disaster epidemiology; data matching; record linkage; probabilistic record linkage; interagency cooperation; 9/11 health

Online: 4 August 2020 (16:06:37 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1217.v1

Highlighting the Insights Surrounding the Recent Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala in 2023

Neelabh Datta

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Nipah virus; outbreak; epidemiology; insights; response

Online: 16 January 2024 (12:35:34 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0209.v2

Review on Epidemiological Interface of Tuberculosis At Human Livestock Wildlife in Ethiopia

Henok Mulatu, Shaban Mohammed

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: bovine; bovine tuberculosis; interface; epidemiology; wildlife

Online: 19 October 2023 (11:21:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1831.v1

Hypobiosis and Development of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis Infection in Lambs under Different Levels of Nutrition

Nadino Carvalho, José Henrique das Neves, Caio Santos Pennacchi, Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Nutrition; epidemiology; sheep; eosinophils; immune response

Online: 28 August 2023 (07:17:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0921.v1

Epidemiology of Covid-19

Aho Glele Ludwig Serge

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology

Online: 13 July 2023 (10:34:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0414.v1

Genotypic and Epidemiologic Profiles of Giardia duodenalis in Four Brazilian Biogeographic Regions

Deiviane Calegar, Beatriz Nunes, Kerla Monteiro, Polyanna Bacelar, Brenda Evangelista, Mayron Moraes, Jurecir Silva, Jéssica Santos, Márcio Bóia, Lauren Jaeger, Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Tropical Medicine Keywords: Giardia duodenalis; Assemblages; Epidemiology; Genetic diversity

Online: 27 January 2022 (11:18:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0294.v1

Increasing Incidence of Mucormycosis in Spanish inpatients from 1997-2018

Raúl Parra Fariñas, Montserrat Alonso Sardón, Virginia Velasco Tirado, Inmaculada Galindo Pérez, Cristina Carbonell, Elisa Álvarez Artero, Ángela Romero-Alegría, Javier Pardo-Lledías, Moncef Belhassen García

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Mucormycosis; Zygomycosis; Epidemiology; Incidence; Clinical; Spain.

Online: 20 October 2021 (15:48:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0006.v1

Episodes of Diverticulitis and Hemorrhoidal Proctitis and Diets with Selected Plant Foods: Case-Control Study with a Food Frequency Questionnaire

Juan Flich-Carbonell, Antoni Alegre-Martinez, José Alfonso-Sánchez, Maria Torres-Sanchez, Salvador Gomez-Abril, Maria Martinez-Martinez, Jose Martin-Moreno

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Diverticulitis; Hemorrhoids; Vegetables; Prevention; Epidemiology; Consumption

Online: 1 March 2021 (13:02:53 CET)

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Background The high incidence of diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis episodes in the population imposes an important healthcare and economic burden. Aim To determine the association between intake of certain plant foods and diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis episodes. Methods Case-control study with quantitative food frequency questionnaire focusing on selected plant foods and derived products. These were grouped by main chemical components into: ethanol, caffeine/theine/theobromine, capsaicin, alliin, acids, eugenol, and miscellaneous foods like curcumin. We quantified intake according to 24-h recall, either on a 1-4 scale (no intake, low, moderate, high intake) or as the number of units consumed (e.g. cups of tea/coffee, n of oranges or lemons); this value was multiplied by the number of reported intake days per week (1-7). Overall intake was expressed as a continuous variable obtained by successively multiplying the score for each food category, and the result was transformed into a common logarithm (range 0.3 to 27.7). Cases and controls were compared using the chi-squared test, student’s t test, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and predictive analysis (multiple logistic regression). Results The sample included 410 cases and 401 controls, who were similar in mean age and gender distribution. The mean score for overall intake of included plant foods was 6.3 points (standard deviation [SD] 4.5), and this was significantly higher in cases (8.5 points, SD 5.3) than in controls (4.1 points, SD 1.2; p < 0.001). Overall intake was similar in cases presenting diverticulitis or hemorrhoidal proctitis. Cases had 13 times the odds of being in the upper quartile for overall intake (> 7 points) compared to controls (OR 13.2, 95% CI 8.3 to 20.8, p < 0.001). Predictive logistic regression models showed that the chemical food group most closely associated with diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis was capsaicin, followed by ethanol, eugenol, caffeine/theine/theobromine, and acids. The OR for age was near the null value. Neither alliin nor miscellaneous food groups showed any association. Conclusions High, frequent consumption of some plant foods and derived products increases the risk of presenting symptoms of diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0261.v1

Tropheryma whipplei in Immunocompromised Children in Iran: A Preliminary Study

Saeed Shams, Nilofar Rezaei, Anna Beltrame, Lucia Moro, Chiara Piubelli, Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri, Saber Esmaeili

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Tropheryma whipplei; epidemiology; children; immunocompromised; Iran

Online: 10 February 2021 (13:44:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0551.v1

Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis in Selected Major Milk Shade Districts of Arsi Zone, Ethiopia

Behailu Assefa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: Bovine; Epidemiology; Mastitis; Prevalence; Risk factors

Online: 27 January 2021 (10:24:09 CET)

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The data for the study on the epidemiology of bovine mastitis were collected fromNovember 2015 to February 2016 to investigate the prevalence of mastitis in administrative towns of three selected districts of Arsi zone, Oromia Regional State, namely Iteya, Sagure, and Asella, Ethiopia; and to analyze the association between the risk factors and mastitis occurrence. Sample cows were selected and examined for clinical mastitis and at the same time, milk samples were evaluated both clinically and using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Some parameters of the cows which have biological relation with this disease together with other potential risk factors were collected along with primary data collection. The analysis of the primary data showed that overall mastitis prevalence in the locations covered by the study was 28.6% of which 83.3% was subclinical, while 16.7% were clinical mastitis cases. Analysis related to the investigation of the existence of an association between risk factors and mastitis revealed that there was a significant association between the occurrence of mastitis and two of the risk factors evaluated, breed and age of the cow. The other risk factors investigated (i.e. parity, location, and lactation stage had no significant association with mastitis occurrence). Since mastitis is a complex disease that results from the interaction of different factors, it may be difficult to limit it to only some given factors. Environment and management factors and their combination may also have an additional impact on the epidemiology of the disease. A prevalence with the indicated magnitude together with the added effect of a lower level of awareness of the society about milk-associated zoonoses implies that this disease causes significant public health problems. In addition, mastitis may cause silent economic loss through unnoticed production loss along with reduced milk yield from subclinical and clinical (e.g. blind teats) cases. Due to a lack of awareness about mastitis and/or negligence, farmers in all corners of the country are suffering from economic and public health problems imposed by mastitis. This lack of awareness about mastitis-associated problems and/or negligence could be a possible reason for the use of raw milk which is a common scenario particularly in pastoral areas and the selling of adulterated milk which is becoming increasingly practiced in Ethiopia which is also true in these specific localities.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0731.v1

Agroclimatic Impact on Gastrointestinal Infection: A Mathematical Model

Goutam Ghosh, Subhasish Bandyopadhyay, Amit Chattopadhyay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biophysics Keywords: Anthelmintic; EPG; Strongyle; Coccidia; Epidemiology; ODE

Online: 30 November 2020 (14:15:33 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Time for a Change: Considering Regimen Changes in Analyses of Observational MDR/RR-TB Treatment Cohort Data

Molly Franke, Carole Mitnick

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: tuberculosis; epidemiology; drug-treatment; resistance; analysis

Online: 13 September 2020 (11:20:13 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

COVID-19: Look to the Future, Learn from the Past

Zhangkai J. Cheng, Hui-Qi Qu, Zhigang Liu, Ruixi Zeng, Lifeng Tian, Zhifeng Duan, Qing Zhang, Liteng Yang, Hakon Hakonarson, Gang Cheng

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: coronavirus; epidemiology; 2019-nCoV; COVID-19

Online: 10 June 2020 (05:17:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0450.v1

COVID-19 in a Rural Community: Outbreak Dynamics, Contact Tracing and Environmental RNA

Isabel G. Fernández de Mera, Francisco J. Rodríguez del Río, José de la Fuente, Marta Pérez Sancho, Dolores Hervas, Inma Moreno, Mercedes Dominguez, Lucas Domínguez, Christian Gortázar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: epidemiology; transmission dynamics; isolated population; Spain

Online: 27 May 2020 (09:05:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0282.v1

Review of Current Evidence in the etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis

Samantha Varley, Kirsten Rossi, Meghan Murray, Alissa Nichole

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: pancreatitis; epidemiology; diagnosis; complications; treatment; prognosis.

Online: 29 March 2019 (12:13:17 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0376.v1

Computational Strategies to Combat COVID-19: Useful Tools to Accelerate SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Research

Franziska Hufsky, Kevin Lamkiewicz, Alexandre Almeida, Abdel Aouacheria, Cecilia Arighi, Alex Bateman, Jan Baumbach, Niko Beerenwinkel, Christian Brandt, Marco Cacciabue, Sara Chuguransky, Oliver Drechsel, Robert D. Finn, Adrian Fritz, Stephan Fuchs, Georges Hattab, Anne-Christin Hauschild, Dominik Heider, Marie Hoffmann, Martin Hölzer, Stefan Hoops, Lars Kaderali, Ioanna Kalvari, Max von Kleist, René Kmiecinski, Denise Kühnert, Gorka Lasso, Pieter Libin, Markus List, Hannah F. Löchel, Maria J. Martin, Roman Martin, Julian Matschinske, Alice C. McHardy, Pedro Mendes, Jaina Mistry, Vincent Navratil, Eric Nawrocki, Áine Niamh O'Toole, Nancy Palacios-Ontiveros, Anton I. Petrov, Guillermo Rangel-Piñeros, Nicole Redaschi, Susanne Reimering, Knut Reinert, Alejandro Reyes, Lorna Richardson, David L. Robertson, Sepideh Sadegh, Joshua B. Singer, Kristof Theys, Chris Upton, Marius Welzel, Lowri Williams, Manja Marz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: virus bioinformatics; SARS-CoV-2; sequencing; epidemiology; drug design; tools

Online: 23 May 2020 (11:01:11 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1609.v1

Epidemiological and Genetic Characterization of Coxsackievirus A6–associated Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Gwangju, South Korea, in 2022

Ji-eun Lee, Minji Kim, Mihyeon Lim, Sueji Han, Jinyeong Kim, Soohoo Kim, Yiduen Ha, Gyungli Gang, Yoon-Seok Chung, Jungmi Seo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HFMD; coxsackievirus A6; molecular epidemiology; phylogenetic tree

Online: 28 February 2024 (08:10:37 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0219.v1

Beyond Borders: Investigating the Mysteries of Cacipacoré, a Lesser-Studied Arbovirus in Brazil

Marielena Vogel Saivish, Maurício Lacerda Nogueira, Shannan Lee Rossi, Nikos Vasilakis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: orthoflavivirus; transmission cycles; epidemiology; pathogenesis; clinical manifestations

Online: 5 February 2024 (10:54:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1516.v1

Impact of Climate on the Expansion of Dengue Fever in an Endemic Urban Area

Tamara Coelho Cruz, Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro, Rafael Vieira Duarte, Josefa Clara Lafuente Monteiro, Guilherme Augusto Veloso, Maria Helena Franco-Morais, Mariângela Carneiro, Alexandre Barbosa Reis, Wendel Coura-Vital

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: dengue fever; climate; incidence; temperature; epidemiology; Brazil

Online: 20 December 2023 (09:08:10 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0346.v1

Artificial Populations in Agent-Based Modeling

Oksana Glushchenko, Aleksander Manolov, Ivan Kozlov, Vera Tsurkis, Irina Maslova, Nikolay Popov, Andrey Samoilov, Alexandr Lukashev, Elena Ilina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: agen based modeling; COVID-19; digital epidemiology

Online: 6 December 2023 (12:34:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2129.v1

The Epidemiological and Economic Impact of COVID‑19 in Kazakhstan. Agent-Based Modelling

Berik Koichubekov, Ilya Korshukov, Aliya Takuadina, Marina Sorokina, Anar Turmukhambetova

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: epidemiology; COVID-19; agent-based model; forecasting

Online: 31 August 2023 (09:37:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1830.v1

Changes in the Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Carinthia, Austria, 2012–2023

Florian Hucke, Heleen Emmer, Roberto Emmer, Miriam Hucke, Simona Bota, Matthias Fürstner, Klaus Hausegger, Reinhard Mittermair, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: Hepatocellular Carcinoma; survival HCC; epidemiology; NASH; Austria

Online: 28 August 2023 (09:43:05 CEST)

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths and remains a major burden on health-care systems worldwide. The incidence of HCC continues to rise globally, despite preventative efforts being made. Aims: This study aimed to investigate epidemiological changes observed in the aetiology and survival outcomes of HCC patients at Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee between 2012 and 2023. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-centre cohort observational study. Two time-periods (2012-2017 and 2018-2023) were created to enable comparison between the respective intervals. Results: More patients were diagnosed with HCC during the second time-period, proving that the incidence of HCC is rising or the referral patterns changing. The median age of diagnosis was 72.5 years (SD 8.6). Patients were on average 2 years younger in the second time-period compared to the first (p = 0.042). Alcohol remained the leading underlying aetiology of HCC and no statistically significant change was seen over time (p = 0.353). Nevertheless, a clear upward trend in the number of NASH cases was evident over time (n = 15, n = 28 respectively). Nearly half of the patient population did not have a raised AFP at the time of diagnosis. The survival time for HCC patients remained similar between time-periods, with a median overall survival time of 20.5 months (95% CI 16.8-24.2, p = 0.841), despite improvements in management strategies and the availability of new systemic treatments but more advanced stage HCC was documented in the second period. An increasing number of HCC patients without liver cirrhosis were identified during the second time-period (n = 22, n= 47 respectively, p = 0.005). NASH was the most common underlying aetiology in patients without liver cirrhosis (50%), compared to alcohol use in being the primary cause in cirrhotic patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion: HCC continues to be an important health concern in our society. The number of HCC patients without liver cirrhosis is steadily increasing, with NAFLD/ NASH, due to underlying life-style diseases playing an important aetiological role. Continued efforts should be made to prevent HCC and to screen at-risk population groups. Preventative strategies and screening techniques should be adjusted in light of the changing epidemiological landscape of HCC.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1787.v1

Strategies and Trends in COVID-19 Vaccination Delivery: What We Learn and What We May Use for Next Future

Giuseppe Tradigo, Jayanta Kumar Das, Patrizia Vizza, Swarup Roy, Pietro Hiram Guzzi, Pierangelo Veltri

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Vaccination strategy; Covid-19; epidemiology; vaccines distributions

Online: 25 August 2023 (07:30:25 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0338.v1

Phylogeographic Description of Histoplasma capsulatum, United States

Ujwal R Bagal, Lalitha Gade, Kaitlin Benedict, Victoria Howell, Natalie Christophe, Suzanne Gibbons-Burgener, Sara Hallyburton, Malia Ireland, Stephanie McCracken, Alison Keyser Metobo, Kimberly Signs, Kimberly A. Warren, Anastasia P Litvintseva, Nancy A Chow

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Histoplasmosis; Histoplasma capsulatum; genome; clades; genomic; epidemiology

Online: 4 August 2023 (07:15:15 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1097.v1

Epidemiological Aspects of Tinea Capitis among Children Attending to Koranic Schools in Senegal (Thiés)

Khadime Sylla, Souleye Lelo, Ibrahima Diop, Cheikh Binetou Fall, Isaac Akhenaton Manga, Magatte Ndiaye, Doudou Sow, Roger Clément Tine, Babacar Faye

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Tinea capitis; Epidemiology; Children; Koranic Schools; Senegal

Online: 15 June 2023 (08:11:19 CEST)

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Introduction: Scalp ringworms or Tinea capitis are ubiquitous superficial fungal infections of the scalp and hair. They represent the most common dermatophytic in the world. They reach almost exclusively pre-pubescent children and mainly school-aged children. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of tinea capitis and its associated factors among residents of koranic schools located in the Thiès region of Senegal. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2019 to March 2020. School children living in Thiès region (Central part of Senegal) were included in this study. Socio-demographic, clinical and biological data were collected standard questionary. Samples collected were examined directly and developed on a medium of Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol and Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol-Actidione. A descriptive analysis was done with the Stata MP. Risk factors were assessed by multivariate survey logistic regression models. Significance level of the different tests was 0.05 two-sided. Results: A total of 110 children were included in this study. The mean age was 9 years and the population was predominantly male (96.4%). The average number of residents in Koranic schools was 112. The prevalence of scalp ringworms was 68.2% [(75/110) (95% CI: 53.6 – 85.5)]. The fungal species found were Trichophyton soudanense (93.4%), Microsporum audouinii (2.7%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton violaceum were found with each (1.3%). Parasitism was endothrix-like in 86.7%. Children over 10 years old were more affected (72.9%), OR =2,16, CI (0,48 - 9,69). The rate of positivity was higher in children with small plaques (72.7%). Children with irregular-edged plaques were most affected (76.5%), Prevalence was higher among children who slept at more than 3 per mattress (79.1%), OR=1.82 (95% CI: 1.08 – 3.04). Conclusion: These results showed that Tinea capitis are frequent in children living in community. Trichophyton soudanense is the main fungal specie identified. Better knowledge of the epidemiology of these diseases and improved living conditions for children in Koranic schools could help improve patient management.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0162.v1

Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Viral Encephalitis in West Africa

Olalekan Chris Akinsulie, Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola, Victor Aliyu, Ifeoluwa Peace Oladapo, Abdulafees Hamzat

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Viral Encephalitis; Transmission Dynamics; Epidemiology; One Health

Online: 2 June 2023 (08:57:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0052.v1

Molecular Tracking of The Origin of Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreaks in 2004 and 2018, Ecuador

David Vasco-Julio, Dayana Aguilar, Alexander Maldonado, Euclides De la Torre, Maria Soledad Cisneros-Montufar, Carlos Bastidas-Caldes, Juan-Carlos Navarro, Jacobus H. De Waard

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: vesicular stomatitis virus; molecular epidemiology; outbreak; phylogeny

Online: 4 January 2023 (03:16:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0556.v2

SamPy: A New Python Library for Stochastic Spatial Agent-Based Modeling in Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

Francois Viard, Emily Acheson, Agathe Allibert, Caroline Sauve, Patrick Leighton

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Agent-based-model; epidemiology; python; zoonotic diseases

Online: 1 December 2022 (02:09:32 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0345.v1

Current Status of Tungiasis in Endemic Areas. Prevalence, Risk Factors, Prevention

Valeri Velev

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: Tungiasis; Tunga penetrans; neglected tropical diseases; epidemiology

Online: 18 November 2022 (02:48:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0340.v1

Current Status of Tungiasis in Endemic Areas. Prevalence, Risk Factors, Prevention

Valeri R Velev

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dermatology Keywords: Tungiasis; Tunga penetrans; neglected tropical diseases; epidemiology

Online: 17 November 2022 (12:53:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0241.v1

Epidemiological and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Circulating between April-December 2021 in Italy

Alessia Lai, Annalisa Bergna, Carla Della Ventura, Stefano Menzo, Bianca Bruzzone, Fabio Sagradi, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Alessandro Weisz, Nicola Clementi, Gaetano Brindicci, Ilaria Vicenti, Lolita Sasset, Sara Caucci, Benedetta Corvaro, Silvia Ippoliti, Carla Acciarri, Vanessa De Pace, Leonardo Lanfranchi, Maria Concetta Bellocchi, Giorgio Giurato, Roberto Ferrarese, Antonella Lagioia, Daniela Francisci, Martina Laura Colombo, Samuel Lazzarin, Matilde Ogliastro, Maria Rosa Cappelletti, Marco Iannetta, Francesca Rizzo, Carmen Rita Santoro, Chiara Fraccalvieri, Sophie Testa, Luca Carioti, Teresa Rocco, Annalisa Saracino, Annamaria Cattelan, Massimo Clementi, Loredana Sarmati, Agostino Riva, Spinello Antinori, Gianguglielmo Zehender

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: variants circulation; SARS-CoV-2; Italy; epidemiology

Online: 16 September 2022 (08:07:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0250.v1

Identification and Distribution of Human-Biting Ticks in Northwestern Spain

María Carmen Vieira Lista, Moncef Belhassen-García, María Belén Vicente Santiago, Javier Sánchez-Montejo, Carlos Pedroza Pérez, Lía Carolina Monsalve Arteaga, Zaida Herrador, Rufino del Álamo-Sanz, Agustin Benito, Julio David Soto López, Antonio Muro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Tick bites; Ixodidae; epidemiology: emerging diseases; Spain

Online: 17 March 2022 (10:18:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0595.v1

Estimating the Total Number of Residential Fire-Related Incidents and Underreported Residential-Fire Incidents in New South Wales, Australia by Using Linked Administrative Data

Nargess Ghassempour, W. Kathy Tannous, Gulay Avsar, Kingsley E. Agho, Lara A. Harvey

Subject: Business, Economics And Management, Accounting And Taxation Keywords: Residential Fire; Linked Data; Health Economics; Epidemiology

Online: 24 June 2021 (08:52:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0422.v1

Histamine Intolerance in Children

Wojciech Nazar, Katarzyna Plata-Nazar, Katarzyna Sznurkowska, Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: children; histamine intolerance; nutrition; diagnostic algorithm; epidemiology

Online: 16 March 2021 (12:19:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0187.v1

Socio-Economic Patterns of COVID-19 During the Pandemic in Italy

Alberto Mateo-Urdiales, Massimo Fabiani, Aldo Rosano, Maria Fenicia Vescio, Martina Del Manso, Antonino Bella, Flavia Riccardo, Patrizio Pezzotti, Enrique Regidor, Xanthi Andrianou

Subject: Social Sciences, Sociology Keywords: COVID-19; HEALTH INEQUALITIES; DEPRIVATION; SOCIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Online: 8 February 2021 (11:04:18 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

An Amplicon-Based Approach for the Whole Genome Sequencing of Human Metapneumovirus

Rachel Tulloch, Jen Kok, Ian Carter, Dominic Dwyer, John-Sebastian Eden

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: human metapneumovirus; whole genome sequencing; genomic epidemiology

Online: 3 February 2021 (10:08:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0615.v1

Scaling Dynamics of Human Diseases and Urbanization in Colombia

Alejandro Feged-Rivadeneira, Federico Andrade, Felipe González-Casabianca, Francisco Escobedo

Subject: Social Sciences, Urban Studies And Planning Keywords: Spatial Analyses; Epidemiology; Power laws; Tropical cities

Online: 29 October 2020 (14:03:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0334.v1

Molecular Detection and Identification of Babesia spp., and Trypanosoma spp. in One-humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Halayeb and Shalateen, Egypt

Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed, Mohamed El-Adl, Mayar Ali, Mostafa Al-Araby, Mosaab Omar, Mohamed El-Beskawy, Shimaa sorour, Mohammad Al-Wabel, Mohamed Rizk, Magdy Elgioushy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Babesia spp.; Trypanosoma spp.; Camel; Egypt; Epidemiology

Online: 15 October 2020 (16:27:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0366.v1

Hereditary Hematologic Disorders in Najaf Province-Iraq

Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim, Ammar Kadhum Abdulla, Abbass F. Almulla, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: hereditary hematological disorder; Najaf; thalassemia; epidemiology; consanguinity

Online: 20 April 2020 (15:45:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0267.v1

Modeling the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak in Sicily, Italy

Andrea Maugeri, Martina Barchitta, Sebastiano Battiato, Antonella Agodi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: novel coronavirus; COVID-19; epidemic model; epidemiology

Online: 16 April 2020 (08:24:07 CEST)

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Working Paper CONCEPT PAPER

Public Use of Masks to Control the Coronavirus Pandemic

Nicholas R. Longrich, Samuel K. Sheppard

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; face masks; epidemiology; coronavirus; pandemics

Online: 12 April 2020 (08:41:58 CEST)

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The current Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is unprecedented in recent history and threatens the lives and livelihoods of billions worldwide. The rapid spread and lack of modern parallels have left governments, health agencies, and the public racing to understand how to best mitigate and ultimately suppress the pandemic, but we are still working to understand the strengths and weaknesses of various interventions at our disposal. Few issues have been as contentious as the public use of face masks to control the pandemic’s spread. There is ongoing debate about their effectiveness, but an increasing body of evidence suggests that masks could be a useful in preventing the spread of coronavirus, leading several governments and health agencies to review and revise their policies. Here, we review the theory and evidence behind use of masks. The theory behind masks is that they prevent the spread of viral particles by infected persons, and inhalation of viral particles by uninfected persons. Even assuming masks are not 100% effective in preventing infection, they may reduce severity of infection by reducing viral dosing. Laboratory studies suggest masks may be effective in stopping both exhalation and inhalation of viral particles. However, real-world studies provided limited evidence for the use of masks in controlling influenza transmission and highlight potential problems associated with their misuse, such as poor compliance or improper use. Evidence for efficacy of face masks against the first SARS virus, SARS-CoV-1, implies that they may be effective against the current outbreak of SARS-Cov-2 virus. This is important as mathematical modeling suggests that even small reductions of in transmission rates can make a large difference over time, potentially slowing the pace of viral pandemics and limiting their spread. Perhaps the strongest argument for the use of masks is that countries with early adoption of masks have tended to see flatter pandemic curves, even without strict nationwide lockdowns. There is little evidence that respirators are more effective than surgical masks, but this may be due to misuse or poor compliance. Studies suggest some non-medical masks perform on par with medical masks. Improvised masks are less effective than medical masks, but may provide better protection than nothing at all. While many governments now encourage the use of improvised face coverings, more will need to be known about material, design, and who needs to wear masks, and when, to ensure effectiveness. Proper use of masks will also be important; if masks are used improperly or infrequently they may provide limited protection. It is important that public health policy makers consider the debate and the potential of masks as part of multi-faceted coronavirus control strategies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0052.v1

Estimation of Unreported Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infections from Reported Deaths: a Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered Dead Model

Andrea Maugeri, Martina Barchitta, Sebastiano Battiato, Antonella Agodi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: novel coronavirus; epidemiology; COVID-19; epidemic model

Online: 6 April 2020 (12:30:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0222.v1

Pathogen Taxonomy Updates at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database: Implications for Molecular Epidemiology

Kara Tsang, David Speicher, Andrew McArthur

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; biocuration; microbial nomenclature; molecular epidemiology

Online: 19 July 2019 (08:23:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0235.v1

The Cost of Chronic Wounds in Argentina: An Estimation of the Burden in a Public Hospital

Romina Chavez-Jara, Nicolas Cerusico, Maria Lazarte, Carla Cabrera, Andrea Herrera Bruno, Eugenia Sesto Cabral, Alberto Nicolas Ramos

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: chronic wound; hospital cost; epidemiology; public health

Online: 20 May 2019 (09:53:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0053.v1

Estimating the Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Uruguay

Marina Macedo-Viñas, David W. Denning

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: epidemiology of fungal infections; infection burden; Uruguay

Online: 6 February 2018 (06:52:38 CET)

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