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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0329.v1

Identification of Pharmacophoric Features and Novel Compounds for Inhibition of SARS-Cov-2 Main Protease

Priti Jain, Rupesh Dorik, Munendra Jain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; protease; docking; pharmacophore; Zinc15

Online: 19 April 2020 (05:33:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0809.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Culture in Different Biological Specimens from Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed COVID-19 Patients Infected with Two Different Viral Strains

Maria Cassia Mendes-Correa, Matias Chiarastelli Salomão, Fabio Ghilardi, Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza, Lucy Santos Vilas Boas, Anderson Vicente De Paula, Heuder Gustavo Oliveira Paiao, Antonio Charlys Da Costa, Fabio Eudes Leal, Andrea de Barros Coscelli Ferraz, Flavia Cristina Salles, Ingra M. Claro, Noely Evangelista Ferreira, Geovana M. Pereira, Almir Ribeiro Junior, Wilton Freire, Evelyn Patricia Sánchez Espinoza, Erika R. Manuli, Camila Romano, Jaqueline Goes De Jesus, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Steven Sol Witkin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS CoV 2; infectiousness; cell culture; viral shedding; viral load dynamics; persistence; Covid-19

Online: 24 April 2023 (03:07:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1139.v1

Differential Ability of S Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Variants to Downregulate ACE2

Yosuke Maeda, Mako Toyoda, Takeo Kuwata, Hiromi Terasawa, Umiru Tokugawa, Kazuaki Monde, Tomohiro Sawa, Takamasa Ueno, Shuzo Matsushita

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; ACE2; downregulation; S protein; VOCs

Online: 15 December 2023 (08:27:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0102.v1

A Linear SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine Candidate Reduces Virus Shedding in Ferrets

Mathias Martins, Gabriela M. Do Nascimento, Antonella Conforti, Jessica C.G. Noll, Joseph A. Impellizeri, Elisa Sanchez, Bettina Wagner, Lucia Lione, Erika Salvatori, Eleonora Pinto, Mirco Compagnone, Brian Viscount, James Hayward, Clay Shorrock, Luigi Aurisicchio, Diego G. Diel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; pandemic; DNA vaccine; immunity; protection

Online: 8 October 2022 (03:02:18 CEST)

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Working Paper COMMUNICATION

Evidence That Quinine Exhibits Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro

Maximilian Große, Natalia Ruetalo, Ramona Businger, Sascha Rheber, Christian Setz, Pia Rauch, Janina Auth, Ekkehard Brysch, Michael Schindler, Ulrich Schubert

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Quinine; Hydroxy-Chloroquine; Chloroquine; COVID-19; antiviral

Online: 6 July 2020 (09:19:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1457.v1

Environmental Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Virus by Liquid Hyperoxygen

Alberto Izzotti, Zumama Khalid, Alessandra Pulliero, Claudio Angelinetta, Ubaldo Prati, Giovanni Barco

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 virus; COVID-19 infection; oxidative cure; environmental disinfection; prevention

Online: 19 January 2024 (07:51:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0396.v1

Phylogenetic and Variant Analysis of 1,040 SARS-CoV-2 Genomes

Eric C. Rouchka, Julia H. Chariker, Donghoon Chung

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; coronavirus; variant analysis; phylogenetic analysis; viral evolution

Online: 24 May 2020 (18:25:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0073.v2

SEIR Modeling of the Italian Epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 Using Computational Swarm Intelligence

Alberto Godio, Francesca Pace, Andrea Vergnano

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematics Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; SEIR modeling; Italy; stochastic modeling; swarm intelligence; Google COVID 19 Community Mobility Reports

Online: 5 May 2020 (16:10:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0921.v1

Epidemiology of Covid-19

Aho Glele Ludwig Serge

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology

Online: 13 July 2023 (10:34:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0285.v1

How Much Does SARS-CoV-2 Infection during Pregnancy Affect the Neonatal Brain, Heart and Kidney? A Parallel between COVID-19, Vaccination and Normal Pregnancy

Daniela Eugenia Popescu, Ana Maria Cristina Jura, Daniela Știube, Adrian Ciulpan, Florina Stoica, Simona Ioana Sipos, Cosmin Citu, Florin Gorun, Marioara Boia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology And Child Health Keywords: pregnancy; COVID-19; neonatal; ultrasound; infectious diseases; SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; disease course

Online: 4 January 2024 (15:17:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0442.v1

Performance Comparison of a Duplex Implementation of the CDC EUA 2019-nCoV Assay with the Seegene Allplex-SARS-CoV-2 Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples

Karen Marcela Jiménez, Dora Janeth Fonseca-Mendoza, Adrien Morel, Oscar Ortega-Recalde, Nora Contreras, Camilo Andres Velandia-Piedrahita, Adriana Steevens, Luisa Caldas, Juan Pablo Ribón, Martha Sanchez, Carlos Martín Restrepo, Rodrigo Cabrera

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; molecular diagnostic; SARS-CoV-2; Real-time PCR

Online: 29 July 2022 (03:10:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0241.v1

ViralVar: A Web Tool for Multilevel Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes

Arghavan Alisoltani, Lukasz Jaroszewski, Adam Godzik, Arash Iranzadeh, Lacy Marie Simons, Taylor Joseph Dean, Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo, Judd Franklin Hultquist, Egon Anderson Ozer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: evolution; mutation; genomic surveillance; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; ViralVar; webtool

Online: 17 October 2022 (12:59:07 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: ‘Warp Speed’ Needs Mind Melds not Warped Minds

John P. Moore, P. J. Klasse

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; S-protein; RBD; COVID-19; neutralizing antibodies; serology; vaccines; animal models; Warp Speed

Online: 21 June 2020 (15:44:06 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0308.v1

Potential Role of Children in the Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Catalonia (Spain)

Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Berta Ferran, Magda Campins, Juliana Esperalba-Esquerra, Juliana Reyes-Urueña, Uxue Lazcano, Anna Gatell, Pepe Serrano, Xavier Bruna, Ramon Capdevila, Maria Esteller, Andres Anton, Jordi Gómez i Prat, Gloria Ruiz, Anna Fàbrega, Neus Rius, Marina Fenoy, Núria López, Almudena Sánchez, Miriam Poblet, Anton Foguet, Guillermo García, Teresa Riera, Elisenda Martínez-Carbonell, Yesika Díaz, Valentí Pineda, Pere Soler-Palacin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; children; household; contact tracing

Online: 14 October 2020 (13:33:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0333.v1

An In Silico Analysis of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Interactions with Proteins Involved in Placental Functions

Ashikh A. Seethy, Sunil Singh, Indrani Mukherjee, Karthikeyan Pethusamy, Kakali Purkayastha, Jai Bhagwan Sharma, Ruby Dhar, Subhradip Karmakar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; pregnancy; trophoblasts; interactome; placenta

Online: 21 May 2020 (03:38:05 CEST)

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COVID-19 is a rapidly evolving medical emergency that has drawn global attention, unprecedented in any disease of its kind in recent times. The magnitude of the health crisis emerging from this pandemic has overwhelmed health care workers worldwide and called in for extraordinary measures to contain this virus. A simple Pubmed query on “COVID-19” returned with 12214 articles (as on May 17^th, 2020), published just within a few months. A detailed survey revealed around 250 clinical reports, 8 clinical trials, 9 meta-analyses, and 906 reviews that were published during this time span. Combining the strings “COVID-19 and Pregnancy” yielded a total of 132 reports while querying “COVID-19 and Placenta” returned with just 11 articles Even taking into considerations that few materials are in the PrePrint Server, we still have a gross under-representation of studies addressing the effect of this disease on pregnancy outcome and maternal & child health. An essential aspect of a successful pregnancy is proper placentation, where transiently invasive placental trophoblast cells invade the maternal endometrium to establish a functional feto-maternal communication. Based on the elegant study by David. E. Gordon, et al. published in Nature (April 30, 2020), which identified 332 human host proteins interacting with SARS-nCoV2 using an affinity-based purification, we interrogated several gene expression data sets available at NCBI-GEO related to trophoblast invasion and differentiation. Both of these processes are indispensable for placentation and fetal survival. Our analysis showed several overlaps with the interactome proteins implying that SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect several proteins, which are crucial for trophoblasts function. GeneMANIA and STRING based functional analysis further revealed that several of that SARS-CoV-2 interacting trophoblast proteins as a hub for the protein-protein interaction network. Our study thus elucidates the possible effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on placenta formation and pregnancy outcome.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0375.v1

Unexpected Co-infection with Different Strains of SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with COVID-19

Hayder O. Hashim, Mudher K. Mohammed, Mazin J. Mousa, Hadeer H. Abdulameer, Alaa T.S. Alhassnawi, Safa A. Hassan, Mohammed Baqur S. Al-Shuhaib

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: co-infection; SARS-CoV-2; pike glycoprotein; stop mutations

Online: 17 September 2020 (05:33:59 CEST)

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There is a rising global concern for the ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 due to its high transmission rate and unavailability of treatment. Through the binding of its spike glycoprotein with angiotensin type 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently get in the cells of patients and start its pandemic cycle. Herein, the biological diversity of SARS-CoV-2 infection was assessed in Babylon province of Iraq by investigating the possible genetic variations of the spike glycoprotein. A specific coding region of 795 bp within the viral spike (S) gene was amplified from 19 patients who suffered from obvious symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sequencing results identified fifteen novel nucleic acid variations with a variety of distributions within the investigated samples. The electropherograms of all the identified variations showed obvious co-infections with at least two different viral strains per sample. Within these co-infections, the majority of samples exhibited three nonsense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)s, p.301Cdel, p.380Ydel, and p.436del, which yielded three truncated SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins of 301, 380, and 436 amino acids length, respectively. The network and phylogenetic analyses indicated that for all viral infections were derived from multi-ancestral origins. Results inferred from the specific clade-based tree entailed that some viral strains were derived from European G-clade sequences. In conclusion, our data demonstrated the absence of any single strain infection among all investigated viral samples in the studied area, which may entail a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 in this country. Through the identified high frequency of truncated spike proteins, we suggest that defective SARS-CoV-2 may depend on helper strains having intact spikes in its infection. Alternatively, another putative ACE2-independent route of viral infection way also suggested. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the co-infection of multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1639.v1

Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates SARS-CoV-2–Associated Lung Endothelial Barrier Disruption

Olivier Escaffre, Peter Szaniszlo, Gabor Törő, Caitlyn L. Villas, Brenna J. Servantes, Ernesto Lopez, Terry L. Juelich, Corri B. Levine, Susan L. F. McLellan, Jessica C. Cardenas, Alexander N. Freiberg, Katalin Módis

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: endothelial barrier; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; hydrogen sulfide; cytokine; TNF-α

Online: 23 May 2023 (10:31:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0586.v1

SARS-CoV-2: An Overview of Virus Genetics, Transmission, and Immunopathogenesis

Mohamed A. Farrag, Haitham M. Amer, Rauf Bhat, Maaweya E. Hamed, Ibrahim M. Aziz, Ayman Mubarak, Bandar Alosaimi, Wael Alturaiki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Coronavirus; COVID-19; cross-species transmission; evolution; immune response; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 21 April 2021 (16:25:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0673.v1

ACE2 Nascence, Trafficking and SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis: The Saga Continues

Sally Badawi, Bassam Ali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); trafficking; localization; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19

Online: 26 November 2020 (12:10:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0832.v1

Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Cats during Five Waves of COVID-19 Epidemic in Thailand and Correlation with Human Outbreaks

Suporn Thongyuan, Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul, Potjanee Srimanote, Wallaya Phongphaew, Piyaporn Eiamcharoen, Naris Thengchaisri, Angela Bosco-Lauth, Nicola Decaro, Rungrueang Yodsheewan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; indirect ELISA; surrogate viral neutralization assay; seroprevalence; correlation; Thai; cat

Online: 10 January 2024 (12:03:28 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0087.v1

Exploring Mitochondrial Localization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by Padlock Assay. A Pilot Study in Human Placenta

Maria Grazia Di Certo, Francesca Gabanella, Christian Barbato, Nicoletta Corbi, Marco Fiore, Carla Petrella, Marco de Vincentiis, Antonio Greco, Giampiero Ferraguti, Alessandro Corsi, Massimo Ralli, Irene Pecorella, Cira R.T. Di Gioia, Francesco Pecorini, Roberto Brunelli, Claudio Passananti, Antonio Minni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Cell And Developmental Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 RNA; mitochondria; placenta; padlock

Online: 6 January 2022 (12:35:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0369.v2

Repurposing of Approved Drugs with Potential to Interact with SARS-CoV-2 Receptor

Abu Sajib

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; spike protein; ACE1; ACE2; host-virus interaction; drug repurposing

Online: 2 August 2020 (09:23:18 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0394.v2

Understanding the Role of Key Point Mutations in Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein

Bipin Singh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-CoV-2; ACE2; Coronavirus; 2019-nCoV

Online: 30 March 2020 (08:25:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1883.v1

Circulating Synthetic SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Possibly Contribute to a Transient ACE2 Dysfunction Leading to Rare Cases of Myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

Christian A. Devaux, Philippe Colson, Didier Raoult, Laurence Camoin-Jau

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Cardiac And Cardiovascular Systems Keywords: COVID-19 vaccines; mRNA vaccine; SARS-CoV-2 spike; myocarditis; ACE2; renin-angiotensin system

Online: 29 November 2023 (12:20:42 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0058.v1

Genetic and Epigenetic Variations of SARS-Cov-2 and Host Genes and Their Impact in Covid-19 Pandemic

Muhammed Elayadeth Meethal, Punnoth Poonkuzhi Naseef, Mohamed Saheer Kuruniyan, Mansoor C Abdulla, Shyju Ollakkod, Shahul Ebrahim, Godavarma Girish Varma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Phylogenetic analysis; Next generation sequence analysis; Virus-Host interaction; Immunology; Antiviral agents; Vaccine; Virus diagnosis

Online: 2 August 2021 (16:17:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1272.v1

Evaluation of Blood Cultures of SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Adult Patients

Bahar Akgün Karapınar, İlvana Çaklovica Küçükkaya, Yasemin Bölükbaşı, Sertaç Küçükkaya, Gonca Erköse Genç, Zayre Erturan, Ali Ağaçfidan, Betigül Öngen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: blood culture; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; co-infection; antimicrobial resistance

Online: 17 August 2023 (10:34:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0515.v1

An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies Against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated Against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2

Palmira Immordino, Vincenzo Pisciotta, Emanuele Amodio, Celestino Bonura, Floriana Bonura, Federica Cacioppo, Giuseppe Calamusa, Giuseppina Capra, Alessandra Casuccio, Simona De Grazia, Dario Genovese, Davide Graci, Guido Lacca, Giuseppa Luisa Sanfilippo, Maria Gabriella Verso, Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco, Donatella Ferraro

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; healthcare workers; vaccine; COVID-19; neutralizing antibodies; variants of concern

Online: 10 October 2023 (02:50:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0362.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines-Related Endocrine Disorders: An Updated Narrative Review

Avraham Ishay, Kira Oleinikov, Elena Chertok Shacham

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Endocrinology And Metabolism Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; endocrine adverse events; thyroid; pituitary; adrenal; diabetes; gonads

Online: 6 March 2024 (12:19:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0923.v1

Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Antibodies among Patients Visiting Hospital-Based Sentinel Sites in the Rift Valley Region, Kenya

Vincent Kiplangat Ruttoh, Brian Kipkoech, Ronald Tonui, Ruth Omoti John, Ibrahim Ndungu Mwangi, Ruth Wambui Gicho, Sally Wambui Kamau, Maureen Wangui Njihia, Samwel Lifumo Symekher, Timothy Muasya Mwanzia, James Murithi Gikunda, Matthew Mutinda Munyao, Caroline Wangui Njoroge, Samson Muuo Nzou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Seroprevalence; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Vaccination; Antibodies

Online: 15 March 2024 (19:11:29 CET)

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Background: Accurate estimation of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for guiding public health strategies. Underreporting from PCR-based testing, especially in low- and middle-income countries, often obscures the true extent of exposure and immunity to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 among patients visiting hospital-based sentinel sites in Kenya's Rift Valley region following the Omicron wave. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study in four hospital-based sentinel sites among patients with acute respiratory infection symptoms. Patients aged six months or older visiting the sites between January 2022 and December 2022, presenting with symptoms of acute respiratory infection, were enrolled. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. We used a quantitative ELISA kit to detect IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S protein in serum samples. Results: Among 557 individuals enrolled in the study, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 97.8% (n=545). Vaccinated individuals demonstrated significantly higher odds of seropositivity compared to unvaccinated counterparts, with an odds ratio of 3.33 (95% CI: (0.4, 27.87)). While seropositivity remained consistent across age groups, older adults exhibited the highest odds. Site-specific differences in enrolment and vaccination rates highlight potential access-related disparities. Conclusion: Our findings indicate widespread prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within the study region, underscoring the significant impact of both natural infection and vaccination efforts in driving SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence within the Rift Valley region. Despite the underestimation of infections and disparities in vaccination access, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of vaccination for conferring SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Targeted interventions are crucial to address accessibility barriers and vaccine hesitancy, ensuring equitable vaccination coverage.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0876.v1

Cellular-Host Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variant

Aline Miranda Scovino, Elizabeth Chen Dahab, Israel Diniz-Lima, Etiele de Senna Silveira, Shana Priscila Coutinho Barroso, Karina Martins-Cardoso, Dirlei Nico, Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima, Leonardo Freire-de-Lima, Natalia Valente, Valeria Nacife, Ana Machado, Mia Araújo, Gustavo Fioravanti Vieira, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Marilda Mendonça Siqueira, Alexandre Morrot

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; P.1 variant; B.1 strain; cytokines; COVID-19; macrophages; neutrophils

Online: 13 July 2023 (04:34:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0478.v1

Risk Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in Antarctic Wildlife

Andrés Barbosa, Arvind Vansani, Virginia Morandini, Wray Grimaldi, Ralph E.T. Vanstreels, Julia I. Diaz, Thierry Boulinier, Meagan Dewar, Daniel Gonzalez-Acuña, Rachel Gray, Clive R. McMahon, Gary Miller, Michelle Power, Amandine Gamble, Michelle Wille

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Antarctica; coronavirus; COVID-19; mitigation measures; reverse zoonoses; risk assessment; SARS-CoV-2; wildlife

Online: 21 August 2020 (09:21:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0319.v2

Factors Associated with Mortality Among Elderly People in the COVID-19 Pandemic (SARS-CoV-2): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vicente Alves, Francine Casemiro, Bruno Araujo, Marcos Lima, Rayssa Oliveira, Fernanda Fernandes, Ana Vitória Gomes, Dario Gregori

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases (NCCDs); Clinical features; Institucionalized or hospitalized elderly; meta-analisys.

Online: 1 July 2021 (11:21:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0507.v1

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Their Impact on Immune Evasion and Vaccine-Induced Immunity

Dablu Lal Gupta, DN Rao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; vaccine; immunity; immune escape; mutations

Online: 7 September 2023 (10:45:47 CEST)

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The newly emerged variants of SARS-CoV-2 created a potential threat among societies and highlighted one of the significant concerns in facing the pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 variants harboring mutations in the structural protein, especially in the RBD domain of spike protein, have raised concern about potential immune escape. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 play a vital role in infection and is an important target for neutralizing antibodies. The mutations that occur in the structural proteins, especially in the spike protein, lead to changes in the virus attributes of transmissibility, an increase in disease severity, a notable reduction in neutralizing antibodies generated, and thus a decreased response to vaccines and therapy. The immune response against SARS-CoV-2 has been reported mainly through innate immune responses rather than adaptive immune responses. SARS-CoV-2 invades the host's innate immunity, possibly through inducing cytokine storm, impairing type I IFN responses, and suppressing antigens presentation to T cells. Therefore, the adaptive immune response is required to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 infections activated both arms of adaptive immunity; humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The observed multiple mutations in the RBD domain of the spike protein compromised the adaptive immune response and showed immune escape because it increases the affinity of spike protein binding with the ACE-2 receptor of host cells and increases resistance to neutralizing antibodies. Cytotoxic T-cell responses are crucial in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infections from the infected tissues and clearing them from circulation. CD8+cytotoxic T cells identify and directly kill the infected cells by releasing soluble mediators perforin and granzymes. The functional exhaustion of cytotoxic T cells may increase the severity of the disease. The expression of activation markers of T cells could indicate hyperactivation or functional exhaustion; the exact implication is not yet understood in SARS-CoV-2 infections. These mutations at critical residues influence the antigenic profile of SARS-CoV-2, which may evade the immune responses and thus reduce the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines. Therefore, the spike protein may be recognized as a primary target for vaccines and drugs. This review article summarizes the impact of mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, especially mutations of RBD, on immunogenicity, immune escape, and vaccine-induced immunity, which could potentially contribute to future studies focusing on vaccine design and immunotherapy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0631.v1

Engineering Novel Epitope-Based Subunit Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 by Exploring the Immunoinformatics Approach

Bishajit Sarkar, Md. Asad Ullah, Yusha Araf, Mohammad Shahedur Rahman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; In silico; Immunoinformatics; Vaccine designing

Online: 26 September 2020 (13:01:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0360.v2

TMPRSS2 Transcriptional Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy for COVID-19

Xinchen Wang, Ryan Dhindsa, Gundula Povysil, Anthony Zoghbi, Joshua Motelow, Joseph Hostyk, Nicholas Nickols, Matthew Rettig, David B. Goldstein

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; transcriptional inhibition; COVID-19; drug repurposing; TMPRSS2

Online: 28 April 2020 (09:39:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0530.v2

Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Six Months After Infection in an Outbreak With Five Hundred COVID-19 Cases in Borriana (Spain): A Prospective Cohort Study

Salvador Domènech-Montoliu, Joan Puig-Barberà, Maria Rosario Pac-Sa, Paula Vidal-Utrillas, Marta Latorre-Poveda, Alba Del Rio-González, Sara Ferrando-Rubert, Gema Ferrer-Abad, Manuel Sánchez-Urbano, Laura Aparisi-Esteve, Gema Badenes-Marques, Belen Cervera-Ferrer, Ursula Clerig-Arnau, Claudia Dols-Bernad, Maria Fontal-Carcel, Lorna Gomez-Lanas, David Jovani-Sales, Maria Carmen Leòn-Domingo, Maria Dolores Llopico-Vilanova, Mercedes Moros-Blanco, Cristina Notari-Rodríguez, Raquel Ruíz-Puig, Sonia Valls-López, Alberto Arnedo-Pena

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; antibodies; cohort; population-based; body mass index; ECLIA

Online: 23 September 2021 (11:10:54 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0659.v1

Noisy Genome Data and Faulty Clade Statistics Undermine Conclusions on SARS-CoV-2 Evolution and Strain Typing in the Brazilian Epidemy: A Technical Note

Marcelo R. S. Briones, Fernando Antoneli, Renata C. Ferreira, Isabel M. V. G. Carvalho, Luiz M. R. Janini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Viral Evolution

Online: 30 August 2020 (11:22:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0019.v2

COVID-19: A Conundrum to Decipher

Vishwajit Deshmukh, Satyendra C. Tripathi, Arvind Pandey, Vaishnavi Deshmukh, Ashlesh Patil, Bharat Sontakke, Jody Vykoukal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus; 2019-nCoV; SARS

Online: 3 April 2020 (15:23:50 CEST)

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OBJECTIVE: Recent worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a current, ongoing life-threatening crisis and international public health emergency. The early diagnosis and management of the disease remains a major challenge. In this review, we aim to summarize the updated epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A broad search of the literature was performed in “PubMed” “Medline” “Web of knowledge”, and “Google Scholar” World Health Organization-WHO” using the keywords “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “COVID-19, “SARS”, “SARS-CoV-2” “Epidemiology” “Transmission” “Pathogenesis” “Clinical Characteristics”. We reviewed and documented the information obtained from literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical appearances of SARS-CoV-2 infection.RESULTS: The global cases of COVID-19 as of April 2, 2020 have risen to more than 900,000 and morbidity has reached more than 47,000. The incidence rate for COVID-19 has been predicted to be higher than the previous outbreaks of other coronavirus family members, including those of SARS-CoV and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The main clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranges from asymptomatic stages to severe lower respiratory infection in the form of pneumonia. Most of the patients also presented with fever, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, myalgia and breathlessness.Individuals at higher risk for severe illness include elderly people and patients with a weakened immune system or that are suffering from a underlying chronic medical condition like hypertension, diabetes, cancer, respiratory illness or cardiovascular diseases.CONCLUSIONS: SARS-Cov-2 has emerged as a worldwide threat, currently affecting 170 countries and territories across the globe. There is still much to be understood regarding SARS-CoV-2 about its virology, epidemiology and clinical management strategies; this knowledge will be essential to both manage the current pandemic and to conceive comprehensive measures to prevent such outbreaks in the future.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Metabolic Profiling from an Asymptomatic Ferret Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

David J. Beale, Rohan Shah, Avinash V. Karpe, Katie E. Hillyer, Alexander J. McAuley, Gough G. Au, Glenn A. Marsh, Seshadri S. Vasan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Animal model; COVID-19; ferret; lipidomics; metabolomics; SARS-CoV-2; systems biology

Online: 11 May 2021 (10:20:03 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0446.v1

Central Disequilibrium Could be an Early Sign and Symptom of Rapidly Progressive SARS-CoV-2 related Respiratory Failure

Ali Zreik, Ali Ammar, Charles. Hunley, Mario Madruga, Rumi Khan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Central Disequilibrium; CNS; covid-19 coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 24 April 2020 (14:07:43 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0090.v1

Hydroxychloroquine as an Aerosol Might Markedly Reduce and Even Prevent Severe Clinical Symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Ansgar Klimke, Gudrun Hefner, Bianca Will, Ursula Voss

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COVID-19: hydroxychloroquine aerosol; pharmacotherapy; prevention; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 7 April 2020 (11:11:09 CEST)

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Covid-19 is a new coronavirus disease first described in December 2019. This respiratory illness is severe and potentially fatal. Severe cases make up to 15%, lethality ranges between 1.5 and more than 10 %. What is urgently needed is an efficient pharmacological treatment for the treatment of severe cases. During the infection of alveolar epithelial cells of the lung, the ACE2 receptor has a central function. The antimalarial drugs chloroquine phosphate (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) impair in vitro the terminal glycosylation of ACE2 without significant change of cell-surface ACE2 and, therefore, might be potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Starting inhibition at 0.1 µM, CQ completely prevented in vitro infections at 10 µM, suggesting a prophylactic effect and preventing the virus spread 5 hours after infection. In a first clinical trial, CQ was effective in inhibiting exacerbation of pneumonia, improving lung imaging findings, promotion of virus-negative conversion, and shortening the disease. In addition, HCQ, which is three times more potent than CQ in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells (EC50 0.72 µM), was significantly associated with viral load reduction/disappearance in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Theoretically, CQ and HCQ could thus be effectively used in the treatment of SARS-CoV pneumonia. From a pharmacological standpoint, however, the major problems of oral treatment with these drugs are possible severe side effects and toxicity. Concretely, this relates to (a) the inconsistent individual bioavailability of these drugs at the alveolar target cells, depending on intestinal resorption, hepatic first-pass metabolism and accumulation in liver, spleen and lung, and (b) the need for a relatively high concentration of 1-5 µM at the alveolar surface. Therefore, we propose in a first dose estimation the use of HCQ as an aerosol in a dosage of 2-4 mg per inhalation in order to reach sufficient therapeutic levels at the alveolar epithelial cells. By using a low-dose non-systemic aerosol, adverse drug reactions will markedly be reduced compared with oral application. This increase in tolerability enables a broader use for prevention and after contact with an infected person, which would be an advantage especially for the high-risk, often multi-morbid and elderly patients. Empirical data on self-medication with a one-week aerosol application by two of the authors is presented. Inhalation was well tolerated without relevant side effects.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0288.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Seroepidemiology and Antibody Levels in Children during BA.5 Predominance Period

Filippos Filippatos, Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi, Maria-Myrto Dourdouna, Alexandra Margeli, Vasiliki Syriopoulou, Athanasios Michos

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Children; BA.5 Omicron variant; seroepidemiology

Online: 5 February 2024 (15:09:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0425.v1

Non-Coding RNAs and Innovative Therapeutic Strategies to Target the 5’UTR of SARS-CoV-2

Antonella Baldassarre, Alessandro Paolini, Stefania Paola Bruno, Cristina Felli, Alberto Eugenio Tozzi, Andrea Masotti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 5’UTR; miRNAs; RNAi; GapmeRs

Online: 24 April 2020 (04:16:20 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0087.v1

While We Wait for a Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2, Why Not Think About Available Drugs?

Francisco J. Barrantes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: Coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; design drugs; ACE2; prophylaxis

Online: 7 April 2020 (11:02:13 CEST)

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At the time of reception of this article (April 2, 2020), efforts to develop a specific vaccine against SARS-Cov-2, the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), had just begun trial phase 1, but full validation of this and other current developments is likely to take many more months to reach completion. The ongoing pandemic constitutes a major health burden of world proportions that is also having a devastating impact on whole economies worldwide, the knock-on effects of which could be catastrophic especially in poorer countries. Alternative measures to ameliorate the impact and hamper or minimally slow down disease progression are urgently called for. This review discusses past and currently evolving data on the etiological agent of the current pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, and its host cell receptors with a view to disclosing alternative drugs for palliative or therapeutic approaches. Firstly, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits marked tropism for cells that harbor the membrane-bound metalloprotease angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) at their plasmalemma, predominantly in cells lining the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and bronchoalveolar cells, making these epithelial mucosae the most likely viral receptor cell targets and entry routes. Secondly, the crystal structures of several coronavirus spike proteins in complex with their cell host target receptors, and of SARS-Cov-2 in complex with an inhibitor, are now available at atomic resolution through X-ray diffraction and cryo-electron microscopy studies. Thirdly, viral entry of other viruses has been successfully blocked by inhibiting viral endogenous proteases or clathrin/dynamin-dependent endocytosis, the same internalization pathway followed by ACE2 and some viruses. Fourthly, the target cell-surface receptor molecules and SARS-CoV-2 possess other putative sites for drugs potentially modulating receptor activity or virus processing. A multi-pronged pharmacological approach attacking more than one flank of the viral-receptor interactions is worth considering as a front-line strategy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0750.v1

Origin, Phylogeny, Variability and Epitope Conservation of SARS-CoV-2 Worldwide

Filipa F Vale, Jorge M.B. Vítor, Andreia T. Marques, José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira, Elsa Anes, João Gonçalves

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 genomics; spike protein; epitope prediction; coronavirus comparative genomics

Online: 31 May 2021 (11:36:29 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0424.v1

Insufficient Sensitivity of RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase Gene of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Genome as Confirmatory Test using Korean COVID-19 Cases

Soyoun Kim, Dong-Min Kim, Baeckseung Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Korean COVID-19; Wuhan Corona virus; real time PCR Ct Value; Sensitivity; False Negative

Online: 28 February 2020 (12:03:13 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0187.v1

Detection of Fecal SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a Prospective Cohort of Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C)

Emilia Parodi, Andrea Carpino, Elena Franchitti, Giulia Pruccoli, Marco Denina, Federica Pagliero, Ugo Ramenghi, Deborah Traversi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; stools; COVID-19; MIS-C; children

Online: 10 May 2021 (13:00:43 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Raising Concern About Cross-Infection Between Humans and Companion Animals by Evolutionary Analysis of Receptors for SARS-CoV-2

Huihao Tang, Mayan Ali, Lina Zhang, Cheng Deng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; companion animals; cross-infection

Online: 17 May 2020 (15:27:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0409.v1

Clinical Features of Hospitalized Stroke Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

Hiroshi Kanno, Kazuki Miyazaki, Sachiko Yamada, Shutaro Matsumoto, Yuki Sagehashi, Satoru Takahashi, Yongson Kim, Keiko Namiki, Satoshi Fujii

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Clinical Medicine Keywords: Stroke; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant; modified Ranking scale; coagulopathy

Online: 9 October 2023 (09:30:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0055.v1

Recent Advances on SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitors: From Nirmatrelvir to Future Perspectives

Andrea Citarella, Alessandro Dimasi, Davide Moi, Daniele Passarella, Angela Scala, Anna Piperno, Nicola Micale

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Mpro; protease inhibitors; coronavirus; peptidomimetics; Paxlovid; Nirmatrelvir

Online: 2 August 2023 (05:25:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0587.v1

SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 and SARS-CoV ORF8ab: Genomic Divergence and Functional Convergence

Sameer Mohammad, Abderrezak Bouchama, Bothina Mohammad Alharbi, Mamoon Rashid, Tanveer Saleem Khatlani, Nusaibah S Gaber, Shuja Shafi Malik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV; Accessory Protein; ORF8; ORF8ab

Online: 24 July 2020 (13:51:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0086.v2

An Overview of Basic Molecular Biology of SARS-CoV-2 and Current COVID-19 Prevention Strategies

Ankur Das, Raja Ahmed, Suraiya Akhtar, Khaleda Begum, Sofia Banu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Genome organisation and expression; Polyproteins; Prevention strategies

Online: 14 June 2020 (16:49:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0376.v1

Computational Strategies to Combat COVID-19: Useful Tools to Accelerate SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Research

Franziska Hufsky, Kevin Lamkiewicz, Alexandre Almeida, Abdel Aouacheria, Cecilia Arighi, Alex Bateman, Jan Baumbach, Niko Beerenwinkel, Christian Brandt, Marco Cacciabue, Sara Chuguransky, Oliver Drechsel, Robert D. Finn, Adrian Fritz, Stephan Fuchs, Georges Hattab, Anne-Christin Hauschild, Dominik Heider, Marie Hoffmann, Martin Hölzer, Stefan Hoops, Lars Kaderali, Ioanna Kalvari, Max von Kleist, René Kmiecinski, Denise Kühnert, Gorka Lasso, Pieter Libin, Markus List, Hannah F. Löchel, Maria J. Martin, Roman Martin, Julian Matschinske, Alice C. McHardy, Pedro Mendes, Jaina Mistry, Vincent Navratil, Eric Nawrocki, Áine Niamh O'Toole, Nancy Palacios-Ontiveros, Anton I. Petrov, Guillermo Rangel-Piñeros, Nicole Redaschi, Susanne Reimering, Knut Reinert, Alejandro Reyes, Lorna Richardson, David L. Robertson, Sepideh Sadegh, Joshua B. Singer, Kristof Theys, Chris Upton, Marius Welzel, Lowri Williams, Manja Marz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: virus bioinformatics; SARS-CoV-2; sequencing; epidemiology; drug design; tools

Online: 23 May 2020 (11:01:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1276.v1

Genomic analysis and tracking of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Gwangju, South Korea from 2020 to 2022

Yeong-Un Lee, Kwangho Lee, Hongsu Lee, Jung wook Park, Sun-Ju Cho, Ji-Su Park, Jeongeun Mun, Sujung Park, Cheong-mi Lee, Juhye Lee, Mihee Seo, Eunju Kim, Jinjong Seo, Yonghwan Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Yoon-Seok Chung

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; whole-genome sequencing; variants; lineages

Online: 19 October 2023 (11:25:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0861.v1

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and the Percentage of Deaths Among Infected Healthcare Workers in Poland

Marek Wojczyk, Ewa Niewiadomska, Małgorzata Kowalska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; healthcare workers; pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; vaccination coverage

Online: 24 April 2023 (13:51:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0586.v1

Experimental Lung Inflammation Induced by Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 is Controlled by Intranasal Instillation of Vitamin D

William Danilo Fernandes de Souza, Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves Zorzella-Pezavento, Marina Caçador Ayupe, Caio Loureiro Salgado, Bernardo de Castro Oliveira, Francielly Moreira, Guilherme William da Silva, Stefanie Primon Muraro, Gabriela Fabiano de Souza, José Luiz Proença-Módena, Joao Pessoa Araujo-Junior, Denise Fonseca, Alexandrina Sartori

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; lung; inflammation; mice; vitamin D

Online: 31 January 2023 (12:04:19 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0081.v1

Pathological Evidence for Residual SARS-CoV-2 in the Micrometastatic Niche of a Patient with Ovarian Cancer

Takuma Hayashi, Kenji Sano, Nobuo Yaegashi, Ikuo Konishi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; micrometastatic niche; Patient with Cancer

Online: 3 August 2022 (10:22:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0258.v1

Prevalence of Co-Infections With Respiratory Viruses in Individuals Investigated for Sars-Cov-2 in Ontario, Canada

Adriana Peci, Vanessa Tran, Jennifer L Gurtherie, Ye Li, Paul Nelson, Kevin L Schwartz, Sara A Buchan, Jonathan B Gubbay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: co-infection; SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; seasonal respiratory viruses

Online: 10 December 2020 (12:53:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0086.v1

Evaluation of Serological Tests to Determine Postvaccinal Immunity to SARS-Cov-2 by Mrna Vaccines

Graciela Iglesias García, Ángel Díaz Rodíguez, Beatriz Díaz Rodríguez, Carmela Cuello Estrada, Tania Ferreiro García, Noelia Crespo García, Jesús Seco-Calvo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: automated immunoassays; COVID-19; lateral flow immunoassay; performance; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 4 November 2022 (01:59:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0647.v1

First Description of Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Two Wild American Minks (Neovison vison)

Jordi Aguiló-Gisbert, Miguel Padilla-Blanco, Victor Lizana, Elisa Maiques, Marta Muñoz Baquero, Eva Chillida-Martínez, Jesús Cardells, Consuelo Rubio-Guerri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: American Mink; COVID-19; Neovison vison; SARS-CoV-2; Spike; wildlife

Online: 25 March 2021 (16:39:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0356.v1

Clinical and Pathological Correlation between SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Coexisting Health Conditions: A Review

Rituparna Saha, Mainak Mukhopadhyay, Debalina Bhattacharya

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Comorbidities; Clinical characteristics; Pathobiology; 2019-nCov

Online: 14 December 2020 (18:16:00 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0565.v1

Immunobiochemical Aspects in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) Infection

Venkata Bharat Kumar Pinnelli, Mangala N. Sirsikar, W. Vishnu Vandana, Shrabani Mohanty, Wilma Delphine Silvia CR, Ranjan Kumar Mohapatra, Sabitha Vadakedath, Venkataramana Kandi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Immunobiochemical aspects; pathogenesis; diagnosis; management

Online: 24 September 2020 (04:39:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0512.v6

The Structure of the Membrane Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Resembles the Sugar Transporter semiSWEET

Sunil Thomas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Virus; sugar transporter; SemiSWEET; Membrane glycoprotein, Pandemic

Online: 19 October 2020 (10:48:05 CEST)

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the disease COVID-19 that has decimated the health and economy of our planet. The virus causes the disease not only in people but also in companion and wild animals. People with diabetes are at risk of the disease. As yet we do not know why the virus is highly successful in causing the pandemic within 3 months of its first report. The structural proteins of SARS include, membrane glycoprotein (M), envelope protein (E), nucleocapsid protein (N) and the spike protein (S). The structure and function of the most abundant structural protein of SARS-CoV-2, the membrane (M) glycoprotein is not fully understood. Using in silico analyses we determined the structure and potential function of the M protein. The M protein of SARS-CoV-2 is 98.6% similar to the M protein of bat SARS-CoV, maintains 98.2% homology with pangolin SARS-CoV, and has 90% homology with M protein of SARS-CoV; whereas, the similarity was only 38% with the M protein of MERS-CoV. In silico analyses showed that the M protein of SARS-CoV-2 has a triple helix bundle, form a single 3-transmembrane domain (TM), and are homologous to the prokaryotic sugar transport protein semiSWEET. SemiSWEETs are related to the PQ-loop family that function as cargo receptors in vesicle transport, mediates movement of basic amino acids across lysosomal membranes, and is also involved in phospholipase flippase function. The advantage and role of the M protein having a sugar transport-like structure is not clearly understood. The M protein of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with S, E and N protein. The S protein of the virus is glycosylated. It could be hypothesized that the sugar transporter-like structure of the M protein influences glycosylation of the S protein. Endocytosis is critical for the internalization and maturation of RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Sucrose is involved in endosome and lysosome maturation and may also induce autophagy, pathways that help in the entry of the virus. Overall, it could be hypothesized that the semiSWEET sugar transporter-like structure of the M protein may be involved in multiple functions that may aid in the rapid proliferation, replication and immune evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Biological experiments would validate the presence and function of the semiSWEET sugar transporter.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0409.v2

YoungJoon Park, Ju Won Ahn, Sojung Hwang, Kyoung Su Sung, Jaejoon Lim, KyuBum Kwack

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; SARS-CoV-2; spike protein; COVID-19

Online: 9 April 2020 (09:59:37 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0363.v2

Neutrophil Involvement in Covid-19

Athanasios Didangelos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-Cov-2; inflammation; neutrophil

Online: 22 April 2020 (06:23:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0416.v1

Science’s Response to COVID-19

Yimon Aye, Marcus Long

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; CoVID-19 Dignosis; CoVID-19 Chemistry & Biology

Online: 16 March 2021 (11:54:28 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0125.v2

Cell Fusion as a Link between the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein, COVID-19 Complications, and Vaccine Side Effects

Yuri Lazebnik

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: cell fusion; syncytia; cell hybrids; viruses; coronaviruses; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; fusogens; blood coagulation cascade; thrombosis, cancer; vaccines; neurological complications

Online: 9 September 2021 (10:54:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0078.v1

Inactivation of Human Coronavirus by Fathhome’s Dry Sanitizer Device: Rapid and Eco-friendly Ozone-based Disinfection of SARS-CoV-2

Timsy Uppal, Amir Khazaieli, Antoine Snijders, Subhash C. Verma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: FATHHOME, SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Virus decontamination, PPEs

Online: 2 February 2021 (09:34:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0193.v2

SARS-CoV-2 Portrayed Against HIV: Contrary Viral Strategies in Similar Disguise

Ralf Duerr, Keaton M. Crosse, Ana Mayela Valero Jimenez, Meike Dittmann

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; HIV; zoonotic viruses; COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics; viral entry

Online: 8 April 2021 (10:51:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0372.v1

A Review of Evidence: Using Respirators to prevent Sars-Cov-2 Transmission

Adam Nulty

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: sars-cov-2, covid, covid-19, masks, dentistry, respirator, n99, n95, ffp2, ffp3,

Online: 18 August 2020 (04:30:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0184.v1

Feasibility of Known RNA Polymerase Inhibitors as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drugs

Ujjwal Neogi, Kyle J. Hill, Anoop T. Ambikan, Xiao Heng, Thomas P. Quinn, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Anders Sönnerborg, Stefan G. Sarafianos, Kamal Singh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Coronavirus; SARS-CoV; MERS-CoV; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; RNA polymerase; nsp12

Online: 12 April 2020 (05:36:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0524.v1

From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID

Pablo Gonzalez-Garcia, Ornella Fiorillo Moreno, Eloina Zarate Peñate, Alejandro Calderón-Villalba, Lisandro Pacheco Lugo, Antonio Acosta Hoyos, Jose Luis Villarreal Camacho, Roberto Navarro Quiroz, Leonardo Pacheco Londoño, Gustavo Aroca Martinez, Noelia Moares, Antonio Gabucio, Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce, Francisco Garcia-Cozar, Elkin Navarro Quiroz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pulmonary And Respiratory Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Long COVID; Cytopathy; cytokine storm; sequelae; PASC; coronavirus; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; cell dysfunction

Online: 30 March 2023 (05:09:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1628.v1

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Germany

Hans H. Diebner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Epidemic Spatial Heterogeneity; Diversity; Spatio-Temporal Patterns; Cluster Analysis

Online: 22 June 2023 (12:45:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0430.v1

Attenuation and Degeneration of SARS-CoV-2 Despite of Adaptive Evolution

Yingguang Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, evolution, immune evasion, codon usage, attenuation, genome degradation, degeneration, COVID-19

Online: 23 November 2022 (03:29:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0347.v1

Potential Chimeric Peptides to Block the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD

Debmalya Barh, Sandeep Tiwari, Bruno Silva Andrade, Marta Giovanetti, Ranjith Kumavath, Preetam Ghosh, Aristóteles Góes-Neto, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, Vasco Azevedo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: antiviral peptides; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; nCoV-19; peptide design; ACE2; Spike protein

Online: 19 April 2020 (13:21:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0588.v1

Inactivating SARS-CoV-2 Using 275nm UV-C LEDs through a Spherical Irradiation Box: Design, Characterization and Validation

Nicola Trivellin, Matteo Buffolo, Francesco Onelia, Alberto Pizzolato, Marco Barbato, Viviana Teresa Orlandi, Claudia Del Vecchio, Fabrizio Dughiero, Enrico Zanoni, Gaudenzio Meneghesso, Andrea Crisanti, Matteo Meneghini

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; LED; UVC; disinfection; inactivation; virucide

Online: 25 February 2021 (14:44:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0123.v1

Novel Entropy-Based Phylogenetic Algorithm: A New Approach for Classifying SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Vladimir Perovic, Sanja Glisic, Milena Veljkovic, Slobodan Paessler, Veljko Veljkovic

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Entropy; Electron-Ion Interaction Potential; COVID-19; Phylogenetic analysis; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 2 August 2023 (03:29:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0386.v1

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in French Polynesia and Perspective for Vaccine Strategies

Maite Aubry, Noémie Maset, Lloyd Chapman, Aurélie Simon, Sophie Olivier, Raphaëlle Bos, Kiyojiken Chung, Iotefa Teiti, Adam Kucharski, Henri-Pierre Mallet, Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; seroprevalence; antibodies; vaccine; natural infection; French Polynesia

Online: 21 December 2022 (04:56:44 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0079.v1

Animal Models of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review

Prabudh Goel, Vishesh Jain, Anjan Kumar Dhua, Devendra Kumar Yadav, Ajay Verma, Aparajita Mitra, Tripti Khanna, Sandeep Agarwala, Minu Bajpai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: animal models; experimental models; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; rhesus macaque; monkey; hamster; ferrets; transgenic mice

Online: 5 July 2020 (15:07:53 CEST)

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Background: The use of animal models for biomedical research provides us with a convenient and feasible route to establish causal relationships by recapitulating the temporal sequence of events in a controlled environment with a potential to manipulate the variables at multiple levels including genetic, protein, physiological or environmental. Objectives: The current review was conducted to gain insights into various animal models for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Material and Methods: A literature review (PUBMED, PUBMED Central, PMC, Google Scholar, Google search engine) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines performed in early April 2020 revealed 9 articles of interest. Search terms included covid 19, covid-19, novel corona virus, SARS-CoV-2, animal models, experimental models, laboratory models & covid 19 animal models. Two independent reviewers extracted the data; the third reviewer was involved in case of discrepancy. Results: SARS-CoV-2 shares an identical receptor binding domain with the SARS-CoV virus and has a superior binding affinity to the host ACE2. Based on this, the role of rhesus macaques, golden Syrian hamsters, transgenic hACE2 mice and ferrets as animal models have been studied. All four animals are susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2 with variable clinical presentation but universal recovery. The respiratory tract is primarily involved in all four models. Involvement of intestines was also seen in at least one study in each animal. Transfer to naïve animals in close contact has been documented in case of hamsters and ferrets. Seroconversion was documented in all although the role of convalescent sera was tested in hamsters only, with positive results though. Air-borne transmission was documented in ferrets and the possibility of feco-oral transmission was suggested for hamsters. The possibilities of recurrence and re-infection were ruled out by experiments upon the rhesus macaques. The fulfilment of Koch’s postulates has been highlighted. Discussion: The various studies available on animal models have been able to establish models of infection and transmission that recapitulate different aspects of disease in humans. However, the response between different animals and the same animal in different experiments is not completely coherent. Some of them do not manifest the disease clinically while others behave differently at molecular and immunological levels. Moreover, the physiology of these animals is not identical to human beings and the findings may not be extrapolated to human beings in an ‘as-is’ manner. Conclusions: The review acknowledges the achievements made by these experiments in a short span of time and highlighted the urgent need for a deeper dive in search of a quintessential animal model which can be studied for efficacy and safety of newer drugs and vaccines before a make-shift from the petri-dish to the human body can be contemplated.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0432.v1

Persistence of SARS-Cov-2 Igg Antibody Response among South African Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Oyewole Chris Durojaiye, Charity Masilela

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Humoral immune response; Persistence; South Africa

Online: 8 May 2023 (03:29:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0139.v4

A Recombinant Protein XBB.1.5 RBD/Alum/CpG Vaccine Elicits High Neutralizing Antibody Titers against Omicron Subvariants of SARS-CoV-2

Syamala Rani Thimmiraju, Rakesh Adhikari, Maria J Villar, Jungsoon Lee, Zhuyun Liu, Rakhi Kundu, Yi-Lin Chen, Suman Sharma, Karm Ghei, Brian Keegan, Leroy Versteeg, Portia M Gillespie, Allan Ciciriello, Nelufa Yesmin, Cristina Poveda, Nestor Uzcategui, Wen-Hsiang Chen, Jason T Kimata, Bin Zhan, Ulrich Strych, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Peter Hotez, Jeroen Pollet

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Immune escape; Vaccine efficacy; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 30 September 2023 (07:44:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1112.v1

Cellular Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study

Salvador Domenèch-Montoliu, Joan Puig-Barberà, Maria Rosario Pac-Sa, Alejandro Orrico-Sanchez, Lorna Gómez-Lanas, Diego Sala-Trull, Carmen Domènech-León, Alba Del Rio-González, Manuel Sanchez-Urbano, Paloma Satorres-Martinez, Laura Aparisi-Esteve, Gema Badenes-Marques, Roser Blasco-Gari, Juan Casanova-Suarez, Maria Gil-Fortuño, Noelia Hernández-Pérez, David Jovani-Sales, Laura López-Diago, Cristina Notari-Rodríguez, Oscar Pérez-Olaso, María Angeles Romeu-Garcia, Raquel Ruíz-Puig, Alberto Arnedo-Pena

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 infection; cellular immunity; T cells; CD4+; CD8+; humoral immunity; Anti-S antibodies Anti-N antibodies; nested case-control; associated factors

Online: 20 February 2024 (09:01:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0473.v1

A tiny viral protein, SARS-CoV-2-ORF7b: Functional molecular mechanisms.

Gelsomina Mansueto, Giovanna Fusco, Giovanni Colonna

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2-ORF7b, COVID-19, Interactomics, Topological analysis, Cluster analysis, Co-regulation network, Transcription Factors, microRNA, SARS-CoV-2 inter-tissue diffusion, programmed death.

Online: 8 March 2024 (09:02:28 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0022.v1

Immune Escape Associated with RBD Omicron Mutations and SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Dynamics

Alexander Kudryavtsev, Anna V. Vakhrusheva, Valery Novoseletsky, Marine Bozdaganyan, Konstantin V. Shaitan, Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov, Olga S. Sokolova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Omicron; bioinformatics; immune escape; RBD mutations; vaccine development

Online: 1 June 2022 (14:12:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0333.v2

2-Deoxy-d-glucose Inhibits Replication of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) with Adverse Effects on Host Cell Metabolism

Vikas Malgotra, Varun Sharma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: 2-Deoxyglucose; Adverse effects; COVID-19; Glutamine; PI3K/Akt

Online: 1 July 2021 (13:04:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0439.v1

One Possible Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 Validated by 205-days Interval of Re-detection in Sapporo City, Japan

Toshiaki Asakura, Akiko Tamakoshi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; reinfection; re-detected positive; Japan

Online: 16 April 2021 (11:09:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1835.v1

COVID-19 and COVID-19 Vaccine in Japan—A Review from a General Physician's Perspective

Hiroshi Kusunoki

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vaccines; breakthrough infection; hybrid immunity; SARS-CoV-2 antibody

Online: 26 May 2023 (04:05:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0422.v1

Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 mRNA-Based Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in People with Cystic Fibrosis

Gianfranco Alicandro, Valeria Daccò, Lisa Cariani, Chiara Rosazza, Calogero Sathyà Sciarrabba, Federica Ferraro, Chiara Lanfranchi, Paola Medino, Daniela Girelli, Carla Colombo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: cystic fibrosis; SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19, vaccine; antibody response; humoral response

Online: 27 July 2022 (13:29:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0647.v1

Nanomaterials Used in the Preparation of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in the Fight against SARS-CoV-2

Pierantonio De Luca, Anastasia Macario, Janos B.Nagy

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: Covid-19; Coronaviruses; Personal protective equipment; Nanomaterials; PPE; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 8 June 2023 (13:19:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0466.v1

The Disruption of SARS-CoV-2 RBD/ACE-2 Complex by Ubrogepant Is Mediated by Interface Hydration

Olaposi Omotuyi, Oyekanmi Nash, Bashiru Ajiboye, Damilohun Metibemu, Babatunji Oyinloye, Ayodeji Ojo, kunle Okaiyeto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 RBD; Ubrogepant; ACE-2; MD simulation

Online: 31 March 2020 (22:50:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0059.v1

Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-Cov-2 in Western Burkina Faso, West Africa

Yacouba Sawadogo, Lokman Galal, Essia Belarbi, Arsène Zongo, Grit Schubert, Fabian Leendertz, Abdoulie Kanteh, Abdul Karim Sesay, Annette Erhart, Anne-Laure Bañuls, Zekiba Tarnagda, Sylvain Godreuil, Halidou Tinto, Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Whole Genome Sequencing; Genomic epidemiology; West Africa, Burkina Faso

Online: 2 November 2022 (11:14:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1372.v1

First Sero-Epidemiological Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 among Students and Staff of Polytechnic High School a Community of Cheikh Anta Diop University after the Fourth Wave of COVID-19 in Senegal

Fatou THIAM, Abou Abdallah Malick Diouara, Clemence Stephanie Chloe Anoumba NDIAYE, Ibrahima DIOUF, Khadim KEBE, Assane SENGHOR, Djibaba DJOUMOI, Mame Ndew MBAYE, Idy DIOP, Sarbanding SANE, Seynabou COUNDOUL, Sophie Deli Tene, Mamadou DIOP, Abdou Lahat Dieng, Mamadou NDIAYE, Massamba DIOUF, Saïdou Moustapha Sall, Cheikh Momar NGUER

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 antibodies; sero-epidemiological survey; Polytechnic High School; Senegal

Online: 24 November 2023 (04:12:01 CET)

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Working Paper HYPOTHESIS

Could Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?

Stephen Mamber, Steven Krakowka, Jeffrey Osborn, Lloyd Saberski, Ryan Rhodes, Albert Dahlberg, Kara Fitzgerald, Neal Wright, Sarah Beseme, John McMichael

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2, Immunomodulators

Online: 27 April 2020 (09:55:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0719.v1

Long-term Existence of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients: Host Immunity, Viral Virulence, and Transmissibility

Meilin Jin, Xingyu Wang, Haini Jiang, Lijuan Hua, Weiwei Yu, dan ding, ke wang, Xiaopan Li, Kun Huang, Zhong zou, Shuyun Xu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; long-term; neutralization antibody; lymphocyte functionality; viral pathogenicity.

Online: 30 July 2020 (12:16:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0101.v1

Absence of Anti-RBD Antibodies in SARS-COV-2 Infected or Naive Individuals Prior to Vaccination With CoronaVac Leads to Short Protection of Only Four Months Duration

Camille F. de Oliveira, Walter F. F. Neto, Carla P. da Silva, Ana Claudia S. Ribeiro, Lívia C. Martins, Alana W. de Sousa, Maria N. O. Freitas, Jannifer O. Chiang, Franko A. Silva, Eder B. dos Santos, Daniele A. B. Medeiros, Gleiciane S. Pinheiro, Gleiciane F. Brandão, Valéria L. Carvalho, Raimunda S. S. Azevedo, Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos, Igor B. Costa, Iran B. Costa, Mirleide C. dos Santos, Luana S. Soares, Rayssa L. S. Bedran, James L. Ferreira, Alberto A. Amarilla, Naphak Modhiran, Christopher L. D. McMillan, Morgan E. Freney, David A. Muller, Daniel Watterson, Lívia M. N. Casseb, Daniele F. Henriques

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; CoronaVac; Vaccines; Antibodies

Online: 7 March 2022 (14:03:11 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0272.v1

Anosmia and Ageusia as Initial or Unique Symptoms after SARS-COV-2 Virus Infection

Calixto Machado, Joel Victor Gutierrez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2); COVID-19; coronavirus; pandemic; smell; anosmia; taste; ageusia

Online: 16 April 2020 (12:42:44 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2002.v1

Use of Rotavirus Vaccine as a Containment Measure for SARS- CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Study of Possible Cross and Trained Immunity

Nuria Lorite - Ayan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: rotavirus; coronavirus; vaccine; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; cross immunity; trained immunity; vaccinated breakthrough infections; COVID variants; long-Covid

Online: 29 May 2023 (09:29:18 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0432.v1

Nitazoxanide/Azithromycin Combination for COVID-19: A Suggested New Protocol for COVID-19 Early Management

Mina Kelleni

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: SARS CoV-2; COVID-19; Nitazoxanide; Azithromycin; Interferons

Online: 24 April 2020 (09:24:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1719.v2

Demographic Characteristics of Pre-Vaccinated Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Barwon South West Victoria, Australia

Shinae C Tobin-Salzman, Darcie Cooper, Bridgette J McNamara, Eugene Athan, Catherine M Bennett

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; asymptomatic; COVID-19; symptom profile; demographic; testing; ethnicity

Online: 4 December 2023 (04:21:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0247.v1

Description of a One-Year Succession of Variants of Interest and Concern of SARS-Cov-2 in Venezuela

Rossana C. Jaspe, Carmen L. Loureiro, Yoneira F. Sulbaran, Zoila C. Moros, Pierina D´Angelo, Mariana Hidalgo, Lieska Rodriguez, Victor Alarcon, Marwan Aguilar, Doneyla Sanchez, Jesus Ramirez, Domingo J. Garzaro, Jose Luis Zambrano, Ferdinando Liprandi, Hector Rafael Rangel, Flor H. Pujol

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Variants of Concern; Rapid screening; Mutations

Online: 19 May 2022 (03:31:36 CEST)

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