We give a bilocal field theory description of a composite scalar with an extended binding potential, that reduces to the Nambu–Jona–Lasinio (NJL) model in the pointlike limit. This provides a description of the internal dynamics of the bound state and features a static internal wave-function, ϕ(⃗r), in the center-of-mass frame that satisfies a Schr¨odinger-Klein-Gordon equation with eigenvalues m2. We analyze the “coloron” model (single perturbative massive gluon exchange) which yields a UV completion of the NJL model. This has a BCS-like enhancement of its interaction, ∝ Nc the number of colors, and is classically critical with gcritical remarkably close to the NJL quantum critical coupling. Negative eigenvalues for m2 lead to spontaneous symmetry breaking, and the Yukawa coupling of the bound state to constituent fermions is emergent.

We investigate the physics of a medium-size quantum particle' gases, of the order of hundreds or thousands of fermions/bosons (far below the thermodynamic limit $N \, \rightarrow \, 10^{24}$). Appeal to microcanonical ensemble becomes then unavoidable. The so-called statistical complexity is our protagonist. Interesting facts are uncovered, both for fermions and bosons, yielded by statistical quantifiers.

Human addiction, as a learned behaviour, has and is constantly being treated psychologically, with specific and timely interventions from Neuroscience. We endorse that human addiction can receive further boost as regards treatment, when we firmly understand how it works from a quantum scale. This is majorly because the dopaminergic pathway (DP) that is well elaborated in the brain of every addict is connected to the memory pathway. This further implies that the recall process in the brain of the addict, as regards his/her addiction is fully functional in line with the pleasure that arises from the element of his/her addiction. This dopamine-led pathway shows itself as prominent in what pertains to addiction, this is because of the role it plays in reward. As a neurotransmitter, dopamine flickers when reward is in the offing. It should be noted that a full understanding of the dimensions of addiction in the human person has not be attained to, therefore, we seek to add to this ongoing research, by considering excerpts arising from Quantum Field Theory. We are introducing excerpts from QFT, because DP, is an attendant element in the process of reward and motivation. In clear terms, we are alluding that it all begins with the memory.

Bosons are particles that can occupy the same quantum state. Identical classical particles are considered distinguishable, but with bosons this is no longer the case. With bosons 1 and 2 in states α and β, the compound state function, ΨS=(1/2)Ψα(1)Ψβ(2)+Ψβ(1)Ψα(2), does not change when the particles are interchanged, i.e., there is one state where classically there would be two. This leads to boson statistics, which is different from Boltzmann statistics in that it favors putting more particles in the same state. For a sufficiently low temperature, it is possible that all bosons aggregate in the ground state where they effectively form a single megaparticle. We cover boson statistics and show how and why Bose-Einstein condensation can occur. We also show how growing networks like the WWW, the economy, or citation networks in scientific literature can follow boson statistics. Analyses of Bose-Einstein condensation have generally assumed a bath with a temperature, i.e., a thermal equilibrium where random collisions lead to a Gaussian-noise-term. However, many setups in physics involve conversion or transport of energy, i.e., nonequilibrium. Nonequilibrium noise is commonly characterized by the frequent occurrence of large kicks, i.e., outliers. We model this by implementing α-stable noise. No temperature exists in that case. We find that Bose-Einstein condensation is still theoretically possible, but probably much harder to engineer. Social and economic traffic is also often best modeled as nonequilibrium and our results may be significant in these contexts.

In this paper, we analyze the Hawking radiation phenomenon for types of Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli-like (BTZ-like) black holes. For this purpose, using the Hamilton-Jacobi method, we consider semi-classical WKB approximation to calculate the tunneling probabilities of massive boson particles. For these particles, we use the equation of motion for the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model. Using quantum tunneling process of charged massive bossons, we compute the corresponding Hawking temperatures. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of rotation parameter on tunneling probability and temperature.

To understand the mystery of final unification, in our earlier publications, we proposed that, 1) There exist three atomic gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions; and 2) There exists a strong interaction elementary charge (e_s) in such a way that, it's squared ratio with normal elementary charge is close to inverse of the strong coupling constant. In this context, starting from lepton rest masses to stellar masses, we have developed many interesting and workable relations. We noticed that, electroweak field seems to be operated by a primordial massive fermion of rest energy 585 GeV. It can be considered as the zygote of all elementary particles and galactic dark matter. Proceeding further, with a characteristic fermion-boson mass ratio of 2.27, quarks can be classified into quark fermions and quark bosons. Considering strong charge conservation and electromagnetic charge conservation, fractional charge quark fermions and quark bosons can be understood. Quark fermions that generate observable massive baryons can be called as Fluons. Quark bosons that generate observable mesons can be called as Bluons. By considering a new hadronic fermion of rest energy 103.4 GeV, rest masses of fluons and bluons can be estimated and there by baryon masses and meson masses can be estimated.