Three-dimensional graphene (3DG) sponge has attracted increasing attention because it combines the unique properties of cellular materials and the excellent performance of graphene. The preparation of 3DG sponge depends mainly on the self-assembly of graphene oxide sheets. Here, we demonstrate facile fabrication of 3DG sponge with a large-scale and ordered porous structure, exploiting the liquid crystals of large graphene oxide (LGO) and ultralarge graphene oxide (ULGO) sheets. The resulting materials exhibit a low density, high porosity and elasticity. Our work explores a new strategy for organizing the ordered alignment of controlled large GO sheets and exploring the relationship between the microstructures and mechanical properties of 3DG sponge.

Exosomes are associated with cancer progression, pregnancy, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system–related diseases, immune responses and viral pathogenicity. However, study on the role of exosomes in the immune response of teleost fish, especially antiviral immunity, is limited. Herein, serum-derived exosomes from mandarin fish were used to investigate antiviral effect for the exosomes of teleost fish. Exosomes were isolated from mandarin fish serum by ultracentrifugation could internalize into Mandarin fish fry (MFF-1) cells and inhibited Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection. To further investigated the underlying mechanisms of exosomes in inhibiting ISKNV infection. The protein composition of serum-derived exosomes was by analysis mass spectrometry and found that myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1) was incorporated in the exosomes. Furthermore, the scMx1 protein was proved transferred to the recipient cells though the exosomes. Our results found that the serum-derived exosomes from mandarin fish could inhibit ISKNV replication and suggested an underlying mechanism of the serum-derived exosomes antivirus is that serum-derived exosomes incorporation of the Mx1 protein into exosomes and delivery into recipient cells. This study provided an evidence for the important antiviral role of exosomes in the immune system of teleost fish.

Chemical flooding methods are used to recover the remaining oil after water flooding, and surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding is an important chemical flooding technology. It is of great significance to design and screen high-performance oil displacement agents in order to overcome the increasingly challenging high temperature (>70 ℃) and high salinity (>10,000 mg/L) reservoirs. Based on the characteristics of high temperature (70 ℃) and high salinity (151,000 mg/L) in the Qinghai Gasi reservoir, the performance of the SP flooding system was studied. This study considered interfacial tension, emulsification, viscosity, compatibility, and oil displacement efficiency. The selected formula demonstrated high resistance to both salinity (151,000 mg/L) and temperature (70 ℃), characterized by a low oil-water interfacial tension (10-2 mN/m) and high viscosity (18.13 mPa.s). After water flooding achieved an oil recovery rate of 64.64%, the subsequent replacement rate of crude oil increased by 26.95%, confirming that SP flooding can be used as a technology for enhancing oil recovery in high-temperature, high-salinity reservoirs represented by Qinghai Gasi reservoirs.