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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0234.v1

Epidemiological Challenges in Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Role of Artificial Intelligence

Abhijit Dasgupta, Abhisek Bakshi, Srijani Mukherjee, Kuntal Das, Soumyajeet Talukdar, Pratyayee Chatterjee, Sagnik Mondal, Puspita Das, Subhrojit Ghosh, Archisman Som, Pritha Roy, Rima Kundu, Akash Sarkar, Arnab Biswas, Karnelia Paul, Sujit Basak, Krishnendu Manna, Chinmay Saha, Satinath Mukhopadhyay, Nitai P. Bhattacharyya, Rajat K. De

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: SIRD; Twitter; GHSI; Pre-symptomatic; EHR; Contact tracing; On-line survey; qRT-PCR; X-ray; CT/HRCT; CNN; Autoencoder; Drug affinity; CPI; and Inflation.

Online: 14 May 2020 (11:25:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0074.v1

Regulation of ERK and AKT Pathways by Hepatitis B Virus X Protein via Notch1 Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Bo Liao, Hong-Hao Zhou, Hui-Fang Liang, Chang-Hai Li

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatitis B virus X protein; Notch1 pathway; ERK; AKT

Online: 21 September 2016 (09:49:13 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Review of Potential High-Leverage and Inexpensive Mitigations for Reducing Risk in Epidemics and Pandemics

David Manheim, David Denkenberger

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Health Policy And Services Keywords: Mitigation; Risk Reduction; Global Catastrophic Biological Risk; Epidemics; Disease X; Literature Review; Pandemics; Value of Information; Existential Risk

Online: 28 February 2020 (12:32:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0027.v1

Impaired Adipose Tissue Expansion Caused by LXR Activation is Associated with Insulin Resistance in HFD Mice

Yueting Dong, Zhiye Xu, Ziyi Zhang, Xueyao Yin, Xihua Lin, Qianqian Pan, Hong Li, Fenping Zheng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Liver X receptor (LXR); Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ); Adipose expansion; Insulin resistance

Online: 10 October 2016 (07:56:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci2020046

Portable XRF Quick-Scan Mapping for Potential Toxic Elements Pollutants in Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems: A Methodological Approach

Guri Venvik, Floris Boogaard

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF); Potential Toxic Elements (PTE); lead (Pb), zinc (Zn); copper (Cu); topsoil; sustainable urban drainage systems; SuDS; LID; BMPs; WSUD; GI; SCMs

Online: 13 June 2020 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0126.v1

Comments about Rietveld Analysis and Tolerance Factor: Y Doped BaTiO₃

I. A. Lira-Hernández, F. R. Barrientos-Hernández, M. Pérez-Labra, A. M. García-Mercado, J. A. Romero-Serrano

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: A. Ceramics; A. Oxides; C. X-ray diffraction; D. Crystal structure; D. Microstructure

Online: 28 October 2016 (08:09:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0137.v1

Contamination Characteristics and Assessment of Manganese, Zinc, Chrome, Lead, Copper and Nickel in Bus Station Dusts of Xifeng, Northwest China

Yongfu Wu, Xinwei Lu, Sukai Zhuang, Xiufeng Han, Yan Zhou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: heavy metal; contamination assessment; X-ray fluorescence; bus station dusts

Online: 13 August 2016 (09:41:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0010.v1

Impact of the Fused Deposition (FDM) Printing Process on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Chemistry and Structure

Michael Cuiffo, Jeffrey Snyder, Alicia Elliott, Nicholas Romero, Sandhiya Kannan, Gary Halada

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Polymers And Plastics Keywords: PLA; fused deposition modeling (FDM); surface characterization; vibrational spectroscopy; laser confocal microscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Online: 3 April 2017 (17:34:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0074.v4

Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Biological Activities of Organically Templated Cobalt Phosphite (H2DAB)[Co(H2PO3)4]·2H2O

Najlaa Hamdi, Souad Chaouch, Ivan da Silva, Mohamed Ezahri, Mohammed Lachkar, Rama Alhasan, Ahmad Yaman Abdin, Claus Jacob, Brahim El Bali

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Hybrid phosphite; X-Ray crystal structure; FTIR; Thermal behavior; Biological activities; Antimi-crobial; micro-organisms

Online: 22 November 2021 (08:43:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0450.v1

Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Schrodinger Equations, Matter and Wave Function Collapses, Photon Momenta and the Gamma Ray Burst based on the 4-D Euclidean Space

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: P4 = TcP symmetry; Matter collapse; Wave function collapse; Klein paradox; Continuity equations; Negative energy solutions; Gamma ray burst; Photon momenta

Online: 23 December 2022 (07:57:12 CET)

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The negative energy solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations have been used to define the antiparticle with the positive energy from the Feynman - Stueckelberg interpretation in the standard model based on the 4-D Minkowski space with the relative time. The negative energy solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations are used to define the antiparticles with the negative energy in the present 3-D quantized space model. Note that all the present results are based on the 4-D Euclidean space with the absolute time (t) and relative time (t_l). Then the particle with the positive energy and antiparticle with the negative energy have the 4-D P₄ = TCP = T_cP symmetry. The continuity equations are derived from the Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Schrodinger equations. The Klein-Gordon and Schrodinger equations with the potential barriers are solved. The Klein paradox is explained by using the pair production of the electron with the positive energy and positron with the negative energy under the P₄ = _TcP symmetry, The effective velocity ( c_eff=√2 " c " ) and effective energy ("Etl =" √2 E ) along the relative time axis (ctl) give the relative time momentum of "p_tl"=E_tl/c_eff =(√2 E)/(√2 c)=E/c=p_t=p_x. This indicates that the photons with the energy of E have the constant photon velocity of c and the constant photon momentum of "ptl"=E_tl/c_eff =(√2 E)/(√2 c)=E/c=p_t=p_x. For the negative energy particles, the space momentum directions are opposite to the particle velocity directions because the energy is negative. And the matter collapse to the photons at the very high particle velocity is discussed from the length expansion. It is, for the first time, proposed that the gamma ray burst is originated from the matter collapse to the photons near the black hole. Also, the wave function collapse is explained from the length expansion. The wave function collapse takes place when the measurement makes the particle velocity to be zero. It is concluded that the negative energy solutions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations support the existence of the partner antimatter universe with the negative energy and negative time direction. Our matter universe has the positive energy and the positive time direction.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0110.v1

The Synthesis and New Crystal Structures of Three Arylpiperazine Compounds

Jinhui Zhou, Maocai Yan, Maojian Shi, Jun Xu, Guoqiang Shangguan

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Applied Chemistry Keywords: arylpiperazine compound; X-ray crystal structure; characterization; triclinic

Online: 21 December 2016 (11:01:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0656.v1

One Shot Cluster Based Approach for the Detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray Images

V.N. Manjunath Aradhya, Mufti Mahmud, Basant Agarwal, D.S. Guru, M. Shamim Kaiser

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: COVID-19 infection; Chest X-ray image; generalized regression neural network; probabilistic neural network and detection accuracy

Online: 27 July 2020 (00:52:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0383.v1

Achieving a Good Crystal System for Crystallographic X-ray Fragment Screening

Patrick M. Collins, Alice Douangamath, Romain Talon, Alexandre Dias, José Brandão-Neto, Tobias Krojer, Frank von Delft

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: fragment screening; XChem; protein crystallisation; X-ray crystallography; diamond light source; I04-1; structural genomics consortium

Online: 19 September 2018 (11:37:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0016.v1

A 14-bit Hybrid Incremental Sigma-Delta/Cyclic ADC for X-ray Linear Array Sensor

Yuze Niu, Yacong Zhang, Zhuo Zhang, Miaomiao Fan, Wengao Lu, Zhongjian Chen

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: hybrid ADC; sigma-delta ADC; cyclic ADC; pseudo-differential OTA; X-ray sensor

Online: 2 March 2017 (08:37:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0095.v1

Melatonin as an Interventional Novel Candidate for the Individual with Autistic Fragile X Syndrome in Human

Jinyoung Won, Yunho Jin, Tae Ho Lee, Sang-Rae Lee, Kyu-Tae Chang, Yonggeun Hong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: autism spectrum disorders; fragile X syndrome (FXS); sleep disorder; melatonin

Online: 15 March 2017 (07:40:49 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Open Problems on Computable Sets {${\mathcal X} \subseteq N$}, Which Require That a Known Integer $n$ Satisfies ${\rm card}({\mathcal X})=\omega \Leftrightarrow {\mathcal X} \cap (n,\infty) \neq \emptyset$, and Which Cannot Be Stated Formally as They Refer to Current Knowledge about ${\mathcal X}$}

Apoloniusz Tyszka

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Logic Keywords: Alexander Zenkin's super-induction method; arithmetical operations on huge integers cannot be performed by any physical process; computable set {${\mathcal X} \subseteq N$} whose finiteness remains conjectured; computable set {${\mathcal X} \subseteq N$} whose infiniteness remains conjectured

Online: 25 February 2020 (10:06:45 CET)

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Let β= (((24!)!)!)!, and let {${\mathcal P}_{n^2+1}$} denote the set of all primes of the form {$n^2+1$}. Let ${\mathcal M}$ denote the set of all positive multiples of elements of the set {${\mathcal P}_{n^2+1} \cap (\beta,\infty)$}. The set {${\mathcal X}=\{0,\ldots,\beta\} \cup {\mathcal M}$} satisfies the following conditions: (1) ${\rm card}({\mathcal X})$ is greater than a huge positive integer and it is conjectured that ${\mathcal X}$ is infinite, (2)} we do not know any algorithm deciding the finiteness of ${\mathcal X}$, (3)~a~known and short algorithm for every {$n \in N$} decides whether or not {$n \in {\mathcal X}$}, (4) a known and short algorithm returns an integer~$n$ such that ${\mathcal X}$ is infinite if and only if ${\mathcal X}$ contains an element greater than $n$. The following problem is open: {\em simply define a set {${\mathcal X} \subseteq N$} such that ${\mathcal X}$ satisfies conditions (1)-(4), and \underline{we do not know any representation of~~${\mathcal X}$~~as a finite union of sets whose definitions are simpler than} \underline{the definition of ${\mathcal X}$}} {\tt (5)}. Let {$f(1)=2$}, {$f(2)=4$}, and let {$f(n+1)=f(n)!$} for every integer {$n \geqslant 2$}. For a positive integer $n$, let {$\Psi_n$} denote the following statement: {\em if a system of equations ${\mathcal S} \subseteq \Bigl\{x_i!=x_k: i,k \in \{1,\ldots,n\}\Bigr\} \cup \Bigl\{x_i \cdot x_j=x_k: i,j,k \in \{1,\ldots,n\}\Bigr\}$ has only finitely many solutions in positive integers \mbox{$x_1,\ldots,x_n$}, then each such solution \mbox{$(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$} satisfies {$x_1,\ldots,x_n \leqslant f(n)$}.} We prove that for every statement $\Psi_n$ the bound {$f(n)$} cannot be decreased. The author's guess is that the statements {$\Psi_1,\ldots,\Psi_9$} are true. We prove that the statement $\Psi_9$ implies that the set ${\mathcal X}$ of all {non-negative} integers $k$ whose number of digits belongs to {${\mathcal P}_{n^2+1}$} satisfies conditions {\tt (1)-(5)}.

Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0098.v1

Assessing Error Correlations in Remote Sensing-Based Estimates of Forest Attributes for Improved Composite Estimation

Sarah Ehlers, Svetlana Saarela, Nils Lindgren, Eva Lindberg, Mattias Nyström, Henrik J. Persson, Håkan Olsson, Göran Ståhl

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: airborne LiDAR; composite estimators; forest inventory; SPOT-5 HRG; TanDEM-X

Online: 16 October 2017 (04:30:26 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0158.v1

Triphenylphosphine-(N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamato)-gold(I) Methanol Solvate

Nicolas Bélanger-Desmarais, Christian Reber

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Inorganic And Nuclear Chemistry Keywords: au(I) dithiocarbamate and phosphine complex; Raman spectroscopy; Single crystal X-ray diffraction; DFT calculations

Online: 20 March 2017 (10:00:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0108.v1

Neuropsychological Findings in Adults with Triple X Syndrome

Maarten Otter, Bea Campforts, Connie TRM Stumpel, Thérèse Van Amelsvoort, Claudia Vingerhoets, Marjan Drukker

Subject: Social Sciences, Cognitive Science Keywords: Triple X syndrome; Adults; Neurocognitive functioning; Sex Chromosomal Disorders; Attention; Psychomotor speed; Executive functioning

Online: 7 June 2022 (11:26:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0187.v1

Multidisciplinary Study of the Origin of the Painting From the Early 20TH Century Leads to Picasso

Marica Bakovic, Slobodanka Karapandza, Sajed Mcheik, Ana Pejovic Milic

Subject: Arts And Humanities, Art Keywords: historic pigments; colorants; nitrocellulose; X-ray radiography; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy

Online: 13 May 2022 (09:44:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0016.v1

CSL Collapse Model Mapped with the Spontaneous Radiation

Kristian Piscicchia, Angelo Bassi, Catalina Curceanu, Raffaele Del Grande, Sandro Donadi, Beatrix Hiesmayr, Andreas Pichler

Subject: Physical Sciences, Quantum Science And Technology Keywords: quantum mechanics; the measurement problem; collapse models; X-rays

Online: 1 May 2017 (11:02:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0244.v1

Coatings Thickness Determination Using X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Monte Carlo Simulations as an Alternative to the Use of Standards

Walter Giurlani, Enrico Berretti, Massimo Innocenti, Alessandro Lavacchi

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: XRF; X-ray fluorescence; thickness determination; thin film; simulation; XMI-MSIM; electrodeposition; Monte Carlo; galvanic industry; electroplating

Online: 24 January 2019 (08:09:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0535.v1

Metal Body Armour: Biomimetic Engineering of Lattice Structures ^†

Anton du Plessis, C. Broeckhoven

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: biomimicry; biomimetic engineering; energy absorption; lattice structure; additive manufacturing; powder bed fusion; X-ray tomography; microCT; non-destructive testing; 3D image analysis

Online: 23 October 2018 (10:10:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0158.v1

Solar Ray Tracing Analysis to Determine Energy Availability in a CPC Designed for Use as a Residential Water Heater

Miguel Terrón-Hernández, Manuel I. Peña-Cruz, J. G. Carrillo, Ulises Diego-Ayala, Vicente Flores

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: ray tracing analysis; compound parabolic concentrator; solar water heating; photonics; optics

Online: 24 November 2017 (05:28:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0166.v1

Bile acid detoxifying enzymes limit susceptibility to liver fibrosis in female SHRSP5/Dmcr rats fed with a high-fat-cholesterol diet

Husna Yetti, Hisao Naito, Yuan Yuan, Xiaofang Jia, Yumi Hayashi, Hazuki Tamada, Kazuya Kitamori, Katsumi Ikeda, Yukio Yamori, Tamie Nakajima

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: constitutive androstene receptor; cytochrome P450, fibrosis; gender difference; high-fat-cholesterol (HFC) diet; necrosis; stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive 5/Dmcr rats; sulfotransferase, pregnane X receptor; UGP-glucuronosyltransferase

Online: 23 May 2017 (07:54:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0260.v1

Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structures, Computational Studies and Catechol Oxidase Activity of New Acylhydrazone Derivatives

Khalid Karrouchi, Smaail Radi, Yousfi El Bekkaye, Nada Kheira Sebbar, Jamal Taoufi Taoufik, Younes Ouzidan, Hazem A. Ghabbour, Yahia Mabkhot, Salim Al-Showiman, Seham Alterary, M’hammed Ansar

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: Acylhydrazone; Pyrazole; X-ray crystallography; DFT/B3LYP; Catecholase activity

Online: 28 January 2018 (12:44:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0299.v1

Green Synthesis, Structural, In Vitro and Vivo Bioactivity Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Essam H. Ibrahim, Obaid Albulym, Omer Kaygili, Mona Kilany, Mohd Shkir, Mai S.A. Hussien, Niyazi Bulut, I.S. Yahia

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: X-ray diffraction; bioactivities; cytotoxicity test; Anti-cancer activities

Online: 26 April 2019 (11:00:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0110.v1

Multi Component Reactions under Increased Pressure: On the Mechanism of Formation of Pyridazino[5,4,3-de][1,6]naphthyridine Derivatives from Reaction of Malononitrile, Aldehyde and 2-Oxoglyoxalarylhydrazones in Q-Tubes

Majdah A. AL-Johani, Khadijah M. Al-Zaydi, Sameera M. Mousally, Norah F. Alqahtani, Mohamed H. Elnagdi

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: X-ray; arylhydrazones; 2-amino-1,1,3-propenetricarbonitrile; pyridazines; rate enhance under pressure

Online: 17 October 2017 (04:13:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0028.v2

Comparative Study of the Reactivity of the Tungsten Oxides WO₂and WO₃with Beryllium at Temperatures up to 1273 K

Martin Köppen

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; physical vapor deposition; X-ray diffraction; tungsten oxide; tungsten dioxide; tungsten trioxide; beryllium; tungstate; tungsten bronze

Online: 10 September 2019 (08:09:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0171.v1

Fracture Reconstruction and Analysis of Low Permeability Carbonates using x-ray Tomography for Comparison with Outcrop Data

Stephanie G. Zihms, Helen Lewis, Tiago Siqueira de Miranda, Stephen A. Hall, James M. Somerville

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geography Keywords: geomechanics; fractures; multi-scale; x-ray tomography; carbonates

Online: 10 May 2018 (16:24:06 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

COVID19 Detection from Radiographs: Is Deep Learning Able to Handle the Crisis?

Muhammad Saqib, Saeed Anwar, Abbas Anwar, Lars Petersson, Nabin Sharma, Michael Blumenstein

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: COVID-19; Deep learning; Convolutional neural network; Computed Tomography; X-Rays; Classification; Detection

Online: 14 June 2020 (17:51:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0061.v1

Quantitative Imaging of the Stress/Strain Fields and Generation of Macroscopic Cracks from Indents in Silicon

Brian K. Tanner, David Allen, Jochen Wittge, Andreas N. Danilewsky, Jorge Garagorri, Eider Gorostegui-Colinas, Reyes M. Elizalde, Patrick J. McNally

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: X-ray diffraction imaging; Raman spectroscopy; indentation geometry; plastic deformation; crack generation; plastic deformation strain imaging

Online: 10 October 2017 (11:46:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0021.v1

In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Aniline Dithiocarbamate Crystals with its Corresponding Oxovanadium(IV) and Zinc(II) Coordination Compounds

Ayodele Odularu, Peter Adewale Ajibade, Albert Bolhuis

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Keywords: one-pot synthesis; single crystal x-ray crystallography; oxovanadium(IV); zinc(II); spectroscopic studies; in vitro antibacterial studies.

Online: 2 February 2018 (16:00:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0259.v1

Bio-Functionalization of a Novel Biocompatible High Entropy Alloy Used For Bone Implants

Mirela Maria Codescu, Alina Vladescu, Victor Geanta, Ionelia Voiculescu, Iulian Pana, Mihaela Dinu, Adrian Emil Kiss, Viorel Braic, Delia PATROI, Virgil E MARINESCU, Iordoc Mihai

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: VAR alloy obtaining; Biomedical applications; Apatite films; Corrosion, X-ray method, Electron microscopy; Hardness

Online: 9 April 2021 (13:24:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0195.v1

The Origin of the Most Energetic Galactic Cosmic Rays: Supernova Explosions into Massive Star Plasma Winds

Peter Biermann, Philipp Kronberg, Michael Allen, Athina Meli, Eun-Suk Seo

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: Cosmic Rays; Massive Star Supernovae; Cosmic Ray Knee and Ankle.

Online: 8 November 2018 (09:53:33 CET)

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We propose that the high energy Cosmic Ray particles around the spectral turn-down commonly called the {\it knee} and up to the upturn, commonly called the {\it ankle}, mostly come from Blue Super Giant star explosions. At the upturn, i.e. the {\it ankle}, Cosmic Rays probably switch to another source class, most likely extragalactic sources. To show this we recently compiled a set of Radio Supernova data to list the magnetic field, shock speed and radius scale (Biermann et al. 2018) \cite{Biermann18}. Using particle acceleration theory at shocks, those numbers can be transformed into characteristic {\it knee} and {\it ankle} energies. Without adjusting any free parameters both of these observed energies are directly indicated by the supernova data. We now proceed to the next step in the argument, and use the Supernova Remnant data of the starburst galaxy M82. Assuming that they are Blue Supergiant star explosions, the shock will race to their outer edge with a magnetic field that follows ${B (r) \, r \, \sim \, const.}$. We argue that the shock runs through the entire magnetic plasma wind region at full speed all the way out to the wind-shell, which is of order parsec scale. The speed is observed to be $\sim \, 0.1 \, c$ at about ${10^{16} \, {\rm cm}}$ radius in the plasma wind. This demonstrates how Blue Supergiant star explosions can provide the Cosmic Ray particles across the {\it knee} and up to the {\it ankle} energy range. The data from the CREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass Experiment) mission will test this cosmic ray concept which is reasonably well grounded in two independent radio supernova data sets. The next step in developing our understanding is to obtain accurate Cosmic Ray data near to the {\it knee}, and use unstable isotopes of Cosmic Ray nuclei at high energy to probe the "piston" driving the explosion. We plan to combine these data with the physics of the budding black hole which is probably forming in each of these stars to learn more.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0564.v1

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis as Key for a Decentralized Sustainable Kerosene Production

Andreas Meurer, Jürgen Kern

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: alternative fuels; power-to-liquid; synthetic fuel; synthetic kerosene; aviation fuel; sustainable fuel; power-to-x; e-fuel; fischer-tropsch; renewable fuel

Online: 27 January 2021 (15:04:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0096.v1

Multifractal Comparison of Reflectivity and Polarimetric Rainfall Data from C- and X-Band Radars and Respective Hydrological Responses of a Complex Catchment Model

Igor Paz, Bernard Willinger, Auguste Gires, Laurent Monier, Christophe Zobrist, Bruno Tisserand, Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia, Daniel Schertzer

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: complex catchment; weather X-band radars; flash floods; multifractals; spatio-temporal variability

Online: 14 October 2017 (03:10:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0166.v1

High Consistency of Structure-Based Design and X-Ray Crystallography: Design, Synthesis, Kinetic Evaluation and Crystallographic Binding Mode Determination of Biphenyl-N-Acyl-β-D-Glucopyranosylamines as Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors

Thomas Fischer, Symeon M. Koulas, Anastasia S. Tsagkarakou, Efthimios Kyriakis, George A. Stravodimos, Vassiliki T. Skamnaki, Panagiota G.V. Liggri, Spyros E. Zographos, Rainer Riedl, Demetres D. Leonidas

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: Structure-based design; glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor; glycogen metabolism; type 2 diabetes; X-ray crystallography; N-acyl-β-D-glucopyranosylamine

Online: 15 March 2019 (14:06:06 CET)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0029.v1

Di-Silicate Dental Ceramic Surface Preparation by 1070 nm Fiber Laser: Thermal and Ultrastructural Analysis

Carlo Fornaini, Federica Poli, Elisabetta Merigo, Nathalie Brulat-Bouchard, Ahmed El Gamal, Jean-Paul Rocca, Stefano Selleri, Annamaria Cucinotta

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Dentistry And Oral Surgery Keywords: di-silicate ceramics; fiber lasers; Fiber Bragg Grating; Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy

Online: 5 November 2017 (11:47:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0024.v1

Isolation and Purification of an Antibiotic Polyketide JBIR-99 from the Marine Fungus Meyerozyma guilliermondii by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography

Hankui Wu, Jianmin Liu, Ninghui Duan, Ru Han, Xinxin Zhang, Xiaoyu Leng, Wenjie Liu, Liwen Han, Xiaobin Li, Shu Xing, Yongchun Zhang, Mingyang Zhou

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: JBIR-99; high-speed counter-current chromatography; polyketide; NMR spectroscopy; mass spectroscopy; X-ray crystallography; Meyerozyma guilliermondii

Online: 2 September 2019 (11:20:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0118.v1

Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxylates: New Insights into the Effect of Ligand Stereo-Purity on Catalyst Structure and Enantioselectivity

Frady Gouany, Hannah Bollard, Michael Gardiner, Ashraf Ghanem

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: Dirhodium(II) complexes; Rh2(S-PTTL)4; Asymmetric Catalysis; Cyclopropanation; X-Ray Crystallography; Chiral Catalysis

Online: 7 May 2018 (14:56:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0181.v2

Lignins Isolated via Catalyst-free Organosolv Pulping from Miscanthus x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara: A Comparative Study

Michel Bergs, Yulia Monakhova, Bernd Diehl, Christopher Konow, Goerg Völkering, Ralf Pude, Margit Schulze

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Miscanthus x giganteus; Miscanthus sinensis; Miscanthus robustus; Miscanthus nagara; lignin; monolignol ratio; low-input crops

Online: 25 January 2021 (14:51:06 CET)

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Abstract: As a low-input crop, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages that, in addition to agricultural applications, permits its exploitation for energy, fuel, and material production. Depending on the Miscanthus genotype, season, and harvest time as well as plant component (leaf versus stem), correlations between structure and properties of the corresponding isolated lignins differ. Here, a comparative study is presented between lignins isolated from M. x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara using a catalyst-free organosolv pulping process. The lignins from different plant constituents are also compared regarding their similarities and differences regarding monolignol ratio and important linkages. Results showed that the plant genotype has the weakest influence on monolignol content and interunit linkages. In contrast, structural differences are more significant among lignins of different harvest time and/or season. Analyses were performed using fast and simple methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Data was assigned to four different linkages (A: b-O-4 linkage, B: phenylcoumaran, C: resinol, D: b-unsaturated ester). In conclusion, A content is particularly high in leaf-derived lignins at just under 70 % and significantly lower in stem and mixture lignins at around 60 % and almost 65 %. The second most common linkage pattern is D in all isolated lignins, the proportion of which is also strongly dependent on the crop portion. Both stem and mixture lignins, have a relatively high share of approximately 20 % or more (maximum is M. sinensis Sin2 with over 30 %). In the leaf-derived lignins, the proportions are significantly lower on average. Stem samples should be chosen if the highest possible lignin content is desired, specifically from the M. x giganteus genotype, which revealed lignin contents up to 27 %. Due to the better frost resistance and higher stem stability, M. nagara offers some advantages compared to M. x giganteus. Miscanthus crops are shown to be very attractive lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) for second generation biorefineries and lignin generation in Europe.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0083.v1

Multilayer Reflective Coatings for BEUV Lithography: A Review

Paul C. Uzhoma, Salman Shabir, Huan Hu, Paul C. Okonkwo, Oleksiy V. Penkov

Subject: Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics Keywords: BEUV lithography; Multilayer mirrors; X-ray optics; reflectivity

Online: 5 October 2021 (12:44:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0038.v1

Miscanthus x giganteus Stem versus Leaf-derived Lignins Differing in Monolignol Ratio and Linkage

Michel Bergs, Georg Völkering, Thorsten Kraska, Ralf Pude, Xuan Tung Do, Peter Kusch, Yulia Monakhova, Christopher Konow, Margit Schulze

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: biomass; chemometrics, genotype; HSQC NMR; lignin; Miscanthus X giganteus; monolignol ratio; principal component analysis

Online: 4 March 2019 (10:30:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0003.v1

Wetland Mapping Using SAR Data from Sentinel-1A and TanDEM-X Missions: Comparative Study in the Biebrza Floodplain (Poland)

Magdalena Mleczko, Marek Mróz

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Sentinel-1A; TanDEM-X science phase; wetlands mapping

Online: 1 November 2017 (04:37:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0140.v1

Influence of Alkali Metal Substitution on the Phase Transition Behavior of CsGaQ2 (Q = S, Se)

Daniel Friedrich, Marc Schlosser, Martin Etter, Arno Pfitzner

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Inorganic And Nuclear Chemistry Keywords: chalcogenogallates; polymorphism; solid solutions; in situ X-ray diffraction; synchrotron radiation; rietveld refinement

Online: 20 October 2017 (12:53:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0164.v1

A Combination of Coffee Compounds Shows Insulin-Sensitizing and Hepatoprotective Effects in a Rat Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Pedram Shokouh, Per Bendix Jeppesen, Kjeld Hermansen, Natalja Nørskov, Christoffer Laustsen, Stephen Jacques Hamilton-Dutoit, Haiyun Qi, Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen, Søren Gregersen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: coffee; dietary supplements; metabolic syndrome X; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; adiponectin; hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Online: 27 October 2017 (02:32:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0077.v1

Global Calibration of Multi-Cameras Based on Refractive Projection and Ray Tracing

Mingchi Feng, Xiang Jia, Jingshu Wang, Song Feng, Taixiong Zheng

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: camera calibration; multi-cameras system; ray tracing; glass checkerboard; bundle adjustment

Online: 12 October 2017 (04:55:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0616.v2

Mechanical Properties and In-Situ Deformation Imaging of Micro-Lattices Manufactured by Laser Based Powder Bed Fusion

Anton du Plessis, Dean-Paul Kouprianoff, Ina Yadroitsava, Igor Yadroitsev

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: laser powder bed fusion; additive manufacturing; X-ray tomography; in-situ imaging; Ti6Al4V; lattice structures

Online: 30 August 2018 (06:12:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0081.v1

Relative Velocity Measurement with Spectrometer and Its Integrated Navigation

Zhonghua Wang, Yiming Peng, Jiu Liu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: navigation; velocity measurement; X-ray pulsar; Mars explorer; formation flight

Online: 11 February 2018 (06:46:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0236.v2

Specificity of Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Investigated by Single-Site Mutagenesis and Crystallography

Julie E. Heggelund, Joel B. Heim, Gregor Bajc, Vesna Hodnik, Gregor Anderluh, Ute Krengel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: bacterial toxin; cholera toxin; Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin; lectin; N-acetyllactosamine binding; neutral glycosphingolipids; protein-carbohydrate interactions; surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy; X-ray crystal structure

Online: 28 January 2019 (15:23:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0097.v1

Synthesis and Characterization of Te Nanotubes Decorated with Pt Nanoparticles for Fuel Cell Anode/Cathode Working at Neutral pH

Maria Rachele Guascito, Daniela Chirizzi, Emanuela Filippo, Francesco Milano, Antonio Tepore

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: Te nanotubes decorated with Pt nanoparticles; fuel cell neutral pH; oxygen reduction reaction; methanol oxidation reaction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Online: 7 March 2019 (13:49:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0591.v1

A CNN Classification Model For Diagnosis Covid19

Ahmed Abdullah Farid, hatem khater, gamal selim

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Bacterial -Viral Pneumonia; COVID-19; X-ray Image; Deep Learning; Convolution Neural Network

Online: 24 July 2020 (14:02:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0204.v1

Formation of Deformation-Induced Products in a Metastable β-titanium Alloy during High Temperature Compression

Alireza Samiee, Gilberto Casillas, Mansur Ahmed, Dmytro G. Savvakin, Ryan Naseri, Elena Pereloma

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Metals, Alloys And Metallurgy Keywords: metastable Ti alloy; high temperature deformation; stress-induced ω; stress-induced α˝ martensite; transmission electron microscopy; slip; X-ray diffraction.

Online: 22 January 2018 (17:17:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0149.v1

Supramolecular Organogels Based on N-Benzyl, N’-Acylbispidinols

Alexey Medved'ko, Alexander Dalinger, Vyacheslav Nuriev, Vera Semashko, Andrei Filatov, Alexander Ezhov, Andrei Churakov, Judith A. K. Howard, Andrey Shiryaev, Alexander Baranchikov, Vladimir Ivanov, Sergey Vatsadze

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: Organic nanomaterials, bispidines; supramolecular gels; SEM, TEM, AFM study; X-ray diffraction; FT IR-spectroscopy; ATR-spectroscopy; SAXS

Online: 12 December 2018 (13:06:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0085.v1

Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure Determination of a New Lithium Zinc Iodate Polymorph LiZn(IO₃)₃

Zoulikha Hebboul, Christine Galez, Djamal Benbertal, Sandrine Beauquis, Yannick Mugnier, Abdelnour Benmakhlouf, Mohamed Bouchenafa, Daniel Errandonea

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: iodate; crystal structure; x-ray diffraction; density functional theory; infrared absorption

Online: 7 August 2019 (03:42:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0139.v1

CD15 and CD15s in The Anticancer Therapy

Wojciech Szlasa, Karol Wilk, Klaudia Knecht-Gurwin, Adam Gurwin, Anita Froń, Natalia Sauer, Jolanta Saczko, Tomasz Szydełko, Julita Kulbacka, Bartosz Małkiewicz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Oncology And Oncogenics Keywords: CD15; Lewis X; Lex; Cancer; Therapy

Online: 10 March 2022 (04:15:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0443.v1

Welding of Copper to Aluminium With Laser Beam Wavelength of 515 nm

Karthik Mathivanan, Peter Plapper

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: Laser welding; Cu-Al welding; green laser; Micro-structure analysis; Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS))

Online: 23 August 2021 (13:28:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0225.v1

Use of GeneXpert and the Role of an Expert Panel in Improving Clinical Diagnosis of Smear-Negative Tuberculosis Cases

Jovilia Abong, Victoria Dalay, Ivor Langley, Ewan Tomeny, Danaida Marcelo, Victor Mendoza, Anna Marie Celina Garfin, S. Bertel Squire, Charles Yu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: GeneXpert; TB Expert Panel; Smear Negatives; Clinically Diagnosed TB; TB DOTS; Chest X-ray

Online: 17 May 2019 (11:18:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0022.v1

Facile Low Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of BaTiO₃ Nanoparticles Studied by In Situ X-ray Diffraction

Ola Gjoennes Grendal, Anders Bank Blichfeld, Susanne Linn Skjarvø, Wouter van Beek, Sverre Magnus Selbach, Tor Grande, Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: BaTiO3; hydrothermal synthesis; in situ; X-ray diffraction; nanoparticles

Online: 2 May 2018 (11:25:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0274.v1

Effect of Recycled Ceramic Waste Content on the Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin

Mohamed Farsane, Abdellah Anouar, Souad Chah, Miloudi Bouzziri

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: ceramic waste particles; unsaturated polyester resin; X-ray diffraction; water absorption; thermal degradation; curing process

Online: 20 December 2019 (11:08:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0710.v1

Virtual Asphalt to Predict Roads’ Air Voids and Hydraulic Conductivity

Mustafa Aboufoul, Andrea Chiarelli, Isaac Triguero, Alvaro Garcia

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: computational design; optimisation; porosity; pore networks; X-ray CT; 3D printing

Online: 30 October 2018 (07:27:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0110.v1

In Situ SAXS Measurement and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Magnetic Alignment of Hexagonal LLC Nanostructures

Weiwei Cong, Weimin Gao, Christopher Garvey, Ludo Dumee, Juan Zhang, Ben Kent, Guang Wang, Fenghua She, Lingxue Kong

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: Alignment, Magnetic field, Hexagonal, Lyotropic liquid crystals, Nanofiltration, in situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)

Online: 5 October 2018 (16:33:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0156.v1

Strain and Grain Size of CeO₂ and TiO₂ Nanoparticles: Comparing Structural and Morphological Methods

Yamerson Canchanya-Huaman, Angie F. Mayta-Armas, Jemina Pomalaya-Velasco, Yéssica Bendezú-Roca, Jorge Andres Guerra, Juan A. Ramos-Guivar

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: X-ray diffraction; CeO2; TiO2; crystallite size; strain; TEM; μ-Raman

Online: 7 June 2021 (09:25:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0182.v1

Physiological and Agronomic Strategies to Increase Mungbean Yield in Climatically Variable Environments of Northern Australia

Yashvir S. Chauhan, Rex Williams

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek; G x E interaction; Improvement; Model; Yield; Yield traits

Online: 11 May 2018 (15:46:43 CEST)

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Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in Australia has been transformed from a niche opportunistic crop into a major summer cropping option for dryland growers in the summer-dominant rainfall regions of Queensland and New South Wales. This transformation followed stepwise genetic improvements in both grain yields and disease resistance. For example, more recent cultivars such as ‘Crystal’, ‘Satin II’ and ‘Jade-AU‘ have provided up to a 20% yield advantage over initial introductions. Improved agronomic management to enable mechanised management and cultivation in narrow (<50 cm) rows has further promised to increase yields. Nevertheless, average yields achieved by growers for their mungbean crops remain less than 1 t/ha, and are much more variable than other broad acre crops. Further increases in yield and crop resilience in mungbean are vital. In this review, opportunities to improve mungbean have been analysed at four key levels including phenology, leaf area development, dry matter accumulation and its partitioning into grain yield. Improving the prediction of phenology in mungbean may provide further scope for genetic improvements that better match crop duration to the characteristics of target environments. There is also scope to improve grain yields by increasing dry matter production through the development of more efficient leaf canopies. This may introduce additional production risks as dry matter production depends on the amount of available water, which varies considerably within and across growing regions in Australia. Improving crop yields by exploiting photo-thermal sensitivities to increase dry matter is likely a less risky strategy for these variable environments. Improved characterisation of growing environments using modelling approaches could also better define and identify the risks of major abiotic constraints. This would assist in optimising breeding and management strategies to increase grain yield and crop resilience in mungbean for the benefit of growers and industry.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0566.v2

Degradation Analysis of Thin Mg-xAg Wires Using X-Ray Near-Field Holotomography

Sebastian Meyer, Andreas Wolf, Daniela Sanders, Kamila Iskhakova, Hanna Ćwieka, Stefan Bruns, Silja Flenner, Imke Greving, Johannes Hagemann, Regine Willumeit-Römer, Björn Wiese, Berit Zeller-Plumhoff

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: X-ray computed tomography; magnesium-silver alloy; wire; degradation; near-field holotomography

Online: 8 December 2021 (14:26:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0340.v1

Dialectical GAN for SAR Image Translation: From Sentinel-1 to TerraSAR-X

Dongyang Ao, Corneliu Octavian Dumitru, Gottfried Schwarz, Mihai Datcu

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: dialectical generative adversarial network; image translation; Sentinel-1; TerraSAR-X

Online: 19 July 2018 (04:46:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0314.v1

Comprehensive Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Promoter Region Mutations

Vanessa Meier-Stephenson, William T.R. Bremner, Chimone S. Dalton, Guido van Merle, Carla Coffin, Trushar R. Patel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: hepatitis B virus (HBV); cccDNA; basal core promoter; X promoter; single nucleotide polymorphisms; logo analyses; genotype alignments

Online: 15 October 2018 (13:03:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0095.v1

Crystal Structure of African Swine Fever Virus A179L with the Autophagy Regulator Beclin

Suresh Banjara, Gareth Shimmon, Linda Dixon, Christopher Netherton, Mark Hinds, Marc Kvansakul

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Autophagy, Bcl-2, Beclin, ASFV, X-ray crystallography

Online: 7 August 2019 (10:10:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0196.v1

TiO_2-x/TiO₂-Structure Based ‘Self-Heated’ Sensor for the Determination of Some Reducing Gases

Simonas Ramanavicius, Alla Tereshchenko, Renata Karpic, Vilma Ratautate, Urte Bubniene, Andrius Maneikis, Arunas Jagminas, Arunas Ramanavicius

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Physical Chemistry Keywords: nonstoichiometric titanium oxides; TiO2-x/TiO2; Ti3O5/TiO2; photoluminescence; anatase; rutile; sensor for reducing gases

Online: 15 December 2019 (15:22:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0298.v2

Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory

Piotr Homola, Dmitriy Beznosko, Gopal Bhatta, Łukasz Bibrzycki, Łukasz Bratek, Michalina Borczyńska, Nikolay M. Budnev, Dariusz Burakowski, David Edwin Alvarez-Castillo, Kevin Almeida Cheminant, Aleksander Ćwikła, Punsiri Dam-o, Niraj Dhital, Alan Duffy, Piotr Głownia, Krzysztof Gorzkiewicz, Dariusz Góra, Alok C. Gupta, Zuzana Hlávková, Martin Homola, Joanna Jałocha, Robert Kamiński, Michał Karbowiak, Marcin Kasztelan, Renata Kierepko, Marek Knap, Péter Kovács, Szymon Kuliński, Bartosz Łozowski, Marek Magryś, Mikhail V. Medvedev, Justyna Mędrala, Jerzy W. Mietelski, Justyna Miszczyk, Alona Mozgova, Antonio Napolitano, Vahab Nazari, Y. Jack Ng, Michał Niedźwiecki, Cristina Oancea, Bogusław Ogan, Gabriela Opiła, Krzysztof Oziomek, Maciej Pawlik, Marcin Piekarczyk, Bożena Poncyljusz, Jerzy Pryga, Matías Rosas, Krzysztof Rzecki, Jilberto Zamora-Saa, Katarzyna Smelcerz, Karel Smolek, Weronika Stanek, Jarosław Stasielak, Slawomir Stuglik, Jolanta Sulma, Oleksandr Sushchov, Manana Svanidze, Kyle Tam, Arman Tursunov, José-M. Vaquero, Tadeusz Wibig, Krzysztof W. Woźniak

Subject: Physical Sciences, Nuclear And High Energy Physics Keywords: cosmic rays; cosmic ray ensembles; extensive air showers; large scale cosmic ray correlations; CREDO Collaboration

Online: 15 October 2020 (16:13:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0168.v1

An Affordable Image Detector and a Low-Cost Evaluation System for Computed Tomography Using Neutrons, X-Rays or Visible Light

Burkhard Schillinger

Subject: Physical Sciences, Radiation And Radiography Keywords: neutron imaging; neutron detector; X-ray detector; CCD camera; CMOS camera; collimator; X-rays; image processing; computed tomography; CT reconstruction

Online: 15 October 2019 (11:15:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0294.v1

P^N bridged Cu(I) Dimers Featuring both TADF and Phosphorescence. From Overview Towards Detailed Case Study of the Excited Singlet and Triplet States.

Thomas Hofbeck, Thomas A. Niehaus, Michel Fleck, Uwe Monkowius, Hartmut Yersin

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: Dimeric copper(I) complexes; PN phosphine ligands; X-ray structures; Combined thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence; Combined singlet and triplet harvesting; High emission quantum yields; Tunability of photophysical properties; Zero-field splitting (ZFS), Spin-lattice relaxation (SLR); Triplet substate decay components.

Online: 12 April 2021 (12:41:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0542.v1

Effect of Heat Stress on Yield, Monoterpene Content and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Mentha X Piperita Var. Mitcham and Mentha Arvensis Var. Piperascens

Milad Heydari, Anna Zanfardino, Alireza Taleei, Ali Akbar Shah-NejatBoushehri, Javad Hadian, Viviana Maresca, Sergio Sorbo, Michela Di Napoli, Mario Varcamonti, Adriana Basile, Daniela Rigano

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Mentha x piperita; Mentha x arvensis; essential oils; heat stress; antibacterial activity; monoterpenes

Online: 27 July 2018 (14:04:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0400.v1

What is the Real Shape of the Hubble Diagram, z = H₀*D or z+1= e^H0*t? Analysis of the SN1a Supernovae and Gamma Ray Burst Redshift/Magnitude Data including the High Redshift Range up to z = 8.1

Laszlo Marosi

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: galaxies; distances and redshift; high redshift; stars; Gamma ray bursts; individual; supernovae; individual; cosmology; distance scale; observations

Online: 24 May 2020 (19:07:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0380.v1

A Model for Characteristic X-Ray Emission in Electron Probe Microanalysis based on the Spherical Harmonic (PN) Method for Electron Transport

Jonas Buenger, Silvia Richter, Manuel Torrilhon

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: EPMA; deterministic electron transport; k-ratio; moment method; spherical harmonic (PN) approximation; characteristic X-Ray emission

Online: 19 January 2021 (13:20:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0251.v1

Charged Dark Matters, Missing Neutrinos, Cosmic Rays and Extended Standard Model

Jae-Kwang Hwang

Subject: Physical Sciences, Particle And Field Physics Keywords: charged dark matters, missing neutrinos, cosmic rays, gravitation constant, Coulomb’s constant, extended standard model, anti-Helium cosmic ray

Online: 20 December 2018 (12:54:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0332.v1

Microdrop Deposition Technique: Preparation and Characterization of Diluted Suspended Particulate Samples

Salvatore Macis, Giannantonio Cibin, Valter Maggi, Giovanni Baccolo, Dariush Hampai, Barbara Delmonte, Alessandro D'Elia, Augusto Marcelli

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Other Keywords: ultra-dilution; droplets; water; evaporation; X-ray fluorescence

Online: 24 May 2018 (05:43:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0013.v1

Mechanochemical Induced Structure Transformations in Lithium Titanates: A Detailed PXRD and 6Li MAS NMR Study

Dennis Becker, Robert Haberkorn, Guido Kickelbick

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Inorganic And Nuclear Chemistry Keywords: lithium titanium oxide; mechanochemistry; high energy ball milling; X-ray diffraction; Rietveld refinement; 6Li SPE MAS NMR; impedance spectroscopy

Online: 1 October 2018 (14:20:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0438.v1

X-Ray Diffraction Techniques for Mineral Characterization: A Review for Engineers of the Fundamentals, Applications, and Research Directions

Asif Ali, Yi Wai Chiang, Rafael M. Santos

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Materials Science And Technology Keywords: X-ray diffraction; Mineral characterization; Crystal structure; Bragg’s law; Lattice parameters; Crystallography; Unit cell

Online: 27 December 2021 (15:53:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0292.v1

Smart City Smartness Measurement Based on KPI for Developing Countries

Pape Abdoulaye Barro

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Computer Science Keywords: Internet of Things for development (IoT4D); sustainability; smart and futures cities; smart city components (SMART-X); Key Performance Indicators (KPI); cognitive processes

Online: 28 August 2019 (09:57:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0477.v1

Verdazyls as Possible Building Blocks for Multifunctional Molecular Materials: A case Study on 1,5-Diphenyl-3-(p-iodophenyl)-verdazyl Focusing on Magnetism, Electron Transfer and the Applicability of the Sonogashira-Hagihara Reaction

Hannah Jobelius, Norbert Wagner, Gregor Schnakenburg, Andreas Meyer

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: radicals; exchange coupling; cross-coupling; broken symmetry DFT; EPR spectroscopy; X-ray crystallography; redox chemistry

Online: 28 June 2018 (15:32:47 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Automatic Detection of Pneumonia in Chest X-Rays using Lobe Deep Residual Network

Daniel Kvak, Karolína Kvaková

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: automatic detection; chest X-ray; convolutional neural network; COVID-19; deep learning; feature extraction; image classification; pneumonia

Online: 27 April 2021 (14:08:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0360.v1

A High Performance Computing Implementation of Iterative Random Forest for the Creation of Predictive Expression Networks

Ashley Cliff, Jonathon Romero, David Kainer, Daniel Jacobson

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Mathematical And Computational Biology Keywords: Random Forest; Iterative Random Forest; gene expression networks; high performance computing; X-AI-based eQTL

Online: 31 October 2019 (02:33:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0304.v1

Beta Kumaraswamy Burr Type X Distribution and Its Properties

Umar Yusuf Madaki, Mohd Rizam Abu Bakar, Laba Handique

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Probability And Statistics Keywords: bayesian; beta Kumaraswamy-G; burr type X; Kumaraswamy-G; quantile function; maximum likelihood estimation; inverse CDF method of simulation

Online: 17 August 2018 (12:09:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0191.v1

Tailoring the Structural, Morphological, Electrochemical, and Dielectric Properties of Solid Polymer Electrolyte

Anil Arya

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Polymers And Plastics Keywords: solid polymer electrolyte; X-Ray diffraction; Ionic conductivity; relaxation time

Online: 11 July 2018 (05:22:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0636.v1

Improving the generalization of Deep Learning Classification Models in Medical Imaging using Transfer Learning and Generative Adversarial Networks

Sagar Kora Venu

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: Generative Adversarial Networks; Transfer Learning; Medical Imaging; Deep Learning Classification; Chest X-ray’s

Online: 28 July 2021 (17:12:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0075.v2

Structural, Magnetic and Mossbauer studies of Transition metal doped Gd2Fe16Ga0.5TM0.5 intermetallic compounds (TM=Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn)

Jiba Dahal, Syed Ali Kalangala Sikkanther Batcha, Jahangir Alam

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electronic, Optical And Magnetic Materials Keywords: Permanent magnetic materials, 2:17 intermetallics, Mossbauer Spectroscopy, Curie temperature, X-ray diffraction, Rietveld analysis

Online: 5 October 2018 (11:59:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0524.v1

Automatic Classification Approach for Detecting COVID-19 using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Sajib Sarker, Ling Tan, Ma Wen Jie, Rong Shan Shan, Md. Arfan Ali, Muhammad Bilal, Zhongfeng Qiu, Sanjit Kumar Mondal, Pravash Tiwari

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Keywords: COVID-19; chest X-ray images; deep convolutional neural network; COV-MCNet; deep learning

Online: 23 September 2020 (03:31:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0004.v2

Spirals and Rings in Barred Galaxies by the ROTASE Model

Hongjun Pan

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: ROTASE model; formation of spiral arms; X-matter; black hole; matter conversion; hydrogen generation; chain-link; single ring; double rings; ring crossing

Online: 2 November 2021 (17:48:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0027.v1

Chemostratigraphy of the Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) Smackover Formation for Little Cedar Creek and Brooklyn Fields, Alabama

Rian Engle, Lance D. Yarbrough, Greg Easson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geochemistry And Petrology Keywords: x-ray fluorescence, paleo-depositional environments; porosity correlation

Online: 3 January 2019 (13:54:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0081.v1

Optimization of MBE Growth Conditions of In0.52Al0.48As Waveguide Layers for InGaAs/InAlAs/InP Quantum Cascade Lasers

Piotr Gutowski, Iwona Sankowska, Tomasz Słupiński, Dorota Pierścinska, Kamil Pierściński, Aleksandr Kuźmicz, Krystyna Gołaszewska-Malec, Maciej Bugajski

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: InAlAs; molecular beam epitaxy; surface morphology, quantum cascade lasers, X-ray spectroscopy

Online: 7 May 2019 (11:35:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0391.v1

Convergence of the Study on Monochromatic X-rays and the Research on Nanoparticles Opens Up a Possibility to Develop a New Type of Radiation Therapy

Fuyuhiko Tamanoi, Kotaro Matsumoto, Tan Le Hoang Doan, Ayumi Shiro, Hiroyuki Saitoh

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: monochromatic X-ray; high Z elements; mesoporous silica nanoparticles; tumor spheroids; Auger therapy

Online: 26 March 2020 (14:27:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0587.v1

Magneto-Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Ti/Au/Co/Au/Pc Configuration and Sensitivity

Conrad Rizal

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Ti/Au/Co/Au; X-ray diffraction; MOSPR; sensitivity; polycarbonate plastics

Online: 30 July 2018 (11:55:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0472.v1

Computer Aid Screening of COVID19 using X-ray and CT Scan Images: A Comparative Study

Prabira Kumar Sethy, Chanki Pandey, Santi Kumari Behera

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Computer-aided Screening; Coronavirus; X-Ray; CT scan; Machine Learning; Transfer Learning; Deep Learning

Online: 21 August 2020 (05:17:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0420.v1

On the Rehydration of Organic Layered Double Hydroxides to Form Graphene-LDH Nanocomposites

Eleonora Conterosito, Luca Palin, Diego Antonioli, Maria Pia Riccardi, Enrico Boccaleri, Maurizio Aceto, Marco Milanesio, Valentina Gianotti

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: layered double LDHs; graphene; mixed oxides; re-hydration; memory Effect; X-ray diffraction; Raman spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy

Online: 23 July 2018 (12:02:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0200.v1

Maghemite in Brazilian Iron Ores: Quantification of the Magnetite-Maghemite Isomorphic Series by X-ray Diffraction and the Rietveld Method, and Confirmation by Independent Methods

Renata Hiraga, Otávio da Fonseca Martins Gomes, Reiner Neumann

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Iron ore; Maghemite; Nonstoichiometric magnetite; X-Ray diffraction; Ore characterization

Online: 8 February 2021 (12:13:32 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0062.v1

The growth of interest for astronomical X-ray polarimetry

Frédéric Marin

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: X-rays; polarimetry; general; history of astronomy

Online: 7 February 2018 (10:35:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0077.v1

Effect of Gamma-Ray Irradiation on the Growth of Au Nano-Particles Embedded in the Germano-Silicate Glass Cladding of the Silica Glass Fiber and its Surface Plasmon Resonance Response

Seongmin Ju, Won-Taek Han

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: γ-ray irradiation; surface plasmon resonance; fiber sensor; nano-particles; cladding embedded optical fiber

Online: 6 March 2019 (11:37:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0065.v1

Using Tandem-X Science Phase Observations to Extract Glacial Topography

Sang-Hoon Hong, Shimon Wdowinski, Falk Amelung, Hyun-Cheol Kim, Joong-Sun Won, Sang-Wan Kim

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: TanDEM-X; digital elevation model; TanDEM-X Science Phase; radar interferometry; Petermann Glacier; ambiguity height

Online: 3 October 2018 (17:21:00 CEST)

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Space-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) applications have been widely used to monitor the cryosphere over past decades. Because of temporal decorrelation, interferometric coherence often severely degrades on fast moving glaciers. In addition, higher sensitivity ambiguity occurs in large baseline configurations, which are needed for extracting topographic information over low relief areas such as the surface of a glacier. TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement (TanDEM-X) observations, which overcome the temporal decorrelation because of their simultaneous measurements by two satellite constellations, have used a short baseline sufficient for generation of excellent digital elevation models in most locations around the world. However, it remains difficult to estimate detailed topographic characteristics over low slope glacier surfaces because of the relatively less sensitive height ambiguity from the small baselines. In this study, we used the TanDEM-X pursuit monostatic mode with large baseline formation following a scientific phase timeline to develop highly sensitive topographic elevation models of the Petermann Glacier of Northwest Greenland. As expected, coherent interferometric phases (> 0.8) were well maintained over the glaciers despite their fast movement thanks to the nearly simultaneous TanDEM‐X measurements. The height ambiguity, which defined as the altitude difference correspondent to phase change of flattened interferogram, of the dataset was 10.63 m, which is favorable for extracting topography in a low relief region. We validated the TanDEM‐X derived glacial topography by comparing it to the SAR/Interferometric radar altimeter observations acquired by CryoSat‐2 and the IceBridge Airborne Topographic Mapper laser altimeter measurements. Both observations showed very good correlation within a few meters of the offsets (‐12.5 – ‐3.1 m) with respect to the derived glacial topography. Because of highly sensitive ambiguity, we could successfully extract detailed geomorphological features on the glaciers. Routine TanDEM-X observations will be very useful to better understand the dynamics of glacial movements and topographic change.

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