The Six Sigma (6σ) method is used to improve and optimize an organization’s products, services, and processes by constantly decreasing defects. In this paper we try implementing the 6σ methodology in Academia. The challenges and actuality of implementation of 6σ methodologies successfully in Academia are immense. However, the benefits of applying 6σ are equally great. The objective of this paper is to understand the evolution, benefits, and challenges of 6σ practices in academia through a case study of Presidency University situated in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The problem statement in the paper is the poor performance of students in academics and by using the DMAIC approach of 6σ we try to identify and understand the causes and set out to improve them so the students can have better placement and academic opportunities. This paper is also an attempt to show the readers about the wide application of 6σ in fields other than manufacturing and how it can be beneficial.

The main purpose of this research is to use “DMAIC” and “DMADV” framework of six sigma to reduce cost of projects, increase yields, improve performance and reduce defects. This study conclude that the sigma level of cement bag production in four production lines is “4.7 DPMO” values of 710 and the possibility of defects per unit of 11 possibilities this situation was handled by using six sigma. Any business or industry run only to satisfy customer and increase their profits, this can be attained as development of quality product..For the ranking of newly established universities the certification of those institutes is very important and also a critical process. For this process we used Lean six sigma approach that can identify the wastes that affect this process.Six sigma can be applied to any work field such as education, power optimization and other types of industries Six sigma “DMAIC” approach is also used for the testing of EDA tools that occurs due to the complex coding or configurations, flows and platforms they support. To improve the process quality of SDLC it’s necessary to remove the defects of system in advance along with thorough valuation of size and it also makes project accordant with real time environment

This study investigates the critical success factors (CSFs) of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) implementation and their impact on organizational growth in Nigerian enterprises. The objectives were to identify crucial CSFs for successful LSS deployment and assess their significance in achieving organizational growth. A mixed-method approach was used, including literature analysis, expert judgments, and a survey of 130 participants from various industries. The survey questionnaire employed a 5-point Likert scale to collect data on LSS CSFs and implementation success metrics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0 analyzed the data, revealing that LSS CSFs significantly contribute (up to 39.2 percent) to the success of LSS implementations. The study identified 12 critical LSS CSFs, categorized into workers, business, and management, each influencing LSS implementation. Recommendations include creating a supportive environment, providing comprehensive training, and prioritizing continuous improvement efforts for successful LSS deployment. Future research possibilities include longitudinal studies, sector-specific analyses, and qualitative investigations to deepen understanding and enhance LSS implementation outcomes. In conclusion, successful LSS implementation empowers Nigerian organizations with improved productivity, waste reduction, and sustainable production systems, leading to overall growth and success.

Call set up success rate (CSSR) in a mobile network is an important quality parameter, which directly influences overall key performance indicators (KPIs) of the network service providers. Network KPIs especially the CSSR is the fraction of the attempts to make a call that result in a successful connection to the dialled number. Nevertheless, all call attempts do not end with a connection to the dialled number. In this research, six sigma methodology is applied to improve the call quality of a legacy mobile network and subsequently to boost comprehensive CSSR of a telecom service provider. This research elucidates an empirical study of improving overall CSSR by employing DMAIC methodology consisting of five stages, e.g. Define, Measure, Analysis, Improve and Control. In addition, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique is used for determining the vital causes out of all the identified network parameters affecting overall CSSR. Furthermore, the identified vital parameters are being upgraded in order to improve the overall CSSR and finally the system achieved a higher CSSR.

This paper presents a method for producing a gravity field through an electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field can produce a positive or negative gravity field. The relationship between gravity force and electromagnetic is unknown. Former studies by theoretical physics predict the relationship between these two forces. Based on the general balance theory in six dimensions of space and time, the electromagnetic field was studied from this viewpoint. Three-dimensional waves oscillate in the fourth dimension and electromagnetic waves distort space-time. Aggregating these distortions can behave like a positive or negative gravity field. Consequently, the production of energy is possible from gravitational fields.

Keywords: Barriers; Facilitators; Sepsis; Sepsis Six Guidelines; Nurses.

On the basis of the golden ratio and the compasseses, every angle was divided into three equal parts. In general, it has been proven that the problem of triangulation of an angle cannot be solved on the basis of the golden ratio and the expanding of the angle. The relationship of golden relativity with Pi number and Euler's number has not been investigated to solve impossible problems. According to the investigation of events in six-dimensional space-time, with the simultaneous movement of two arms of the compasses based on the golden ratio, every angle was divided into three equal parts. The growth rate based on the golden ratio is the key to solving the most intractable mathematical and physical problems.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare energy expenditure (EE) predicted by accelerometery (EEAcc) with indirect calorimetry (EEMETA) in individuals with hemiparesis. Methods: Twenty-four participants (12 with stroke and 12 healthy controls) performed a six-minute walk test (6MWT) during which EEMETA was measured using a portable indirect calorimetry system and EEACC was calculated using Bouten’s equation (1993) with data from a 3-axis accelerometer positioned between L3 and L4. Results: Median EEMETA was 9.85 [8.18;11.89] W·kg-1 in the stroke group, and 5.0 [4.56;5.46] W·kg-1 in the control group. Median EEACC was 8.57 [7.86;11.24] W·kg-1 in the control group and 8.2 [7.05;9.56] W·kg-1 in the stroke group. EEACC and EEMETA were not significantly correlated in either the control (p=0.8) or the stroke groups (p=0.06). The Bland-Altman method showed a mean difference of 1.77±3.65 W·kg-1 between EEACC and EEMETA in the stroke group and -2.08±1.59 W·kg-1 in the controls. Conclusions: The accuracy of the predicted EE, based on the accelerometer and the equations proposed by Bouten et al, is low in individuals with hemiparesis and impaired gait. This combination (sensor and Bouten's equation) is not yet suitable for use as a stand-alone measure in clinical practice for the evaluation of hemiparetic patients.

A simple design of an ultrathin six-band polarization-insensitive terahertz perfect metamaterial absorber (PMMA) composed of a metal cross-cave-patch resonator (CCPR) placed over a ground plane was proposed and investigated numerically. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the average absorption peaks are up to 95% at six resonance frequencies with high quality-factors (>65). In addition, the absorption properties can be kept stability for both normal incident transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) waves. The physical mechanism behind the observed high level absorption is illustrated by the electric and power loss density distributions. The different absorption mainly originates from the higher order multipolar and multipolar plasmon resonance of the structure, which are sharp different to the most previous studies of the PMMAs. Furthermore, the resonance absorption of the PMMA can be tunable by varying the geometric parameters of the unit cell.

A simple design of an ultrathin six-band polarization-insensitive terahertz perfect metamaterial absorber (PMMA) composed of a metal cross-cave-patch resonator (CCPR) placed over a ground plane was proposed and investigated numerically. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the average absorption peaks are up to 95% at six resonance frequencies with high quality-factors (>65). In addition, the absorption properties can be kept stability for both normal incident transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) waves. The physical mechanism behind the observed high level absorption is illustrated by the electric and power loss density distributions. The different absorption mainly originates from the higher order multipolar and multipolar plasmon resonance of the structure, which are sharp different to the most previous studies of the PMMAs. Furthermore, the resonance absorption of the PMMA can be tunable by varying the geometric parameters of the unit cell.

The multiphase motors due to their reliability find new areas of application in the industry and transportation. Developing of any system with multiphase motors at first requires elaborate model of the system, define control mode and controllers. The model of control system for the six-phase drive is based on its conventional d-q mathematical model and indirect field-oriented control. Simulink model of six-phase drive with indirect field-oriented control and simulated with two types PID and PID fuzzy controllers. The simulation results, reflecting step response and provided speed reference law as well as load application at constant speed, are presented and analyzed. Fuzzy controller with 49 rules is considered and applied. Six-phase electric drive with field-oriented control at well-tuned PID controller has good step response specifications: settling time 0.13 s at starting without load, step response has no overshoot, small about 1 % short time decrease of speed at load of 5 Nm application. The system employing PID fuzzy controller shows slightly better results in response to torque application: the decrease in speed 1 % is eliminated in shorter time. Simulation results indicate the robustness of both systems with six-phase drive to disturbance and provide high quality transient specifications at determined reference speed.

On the basis of the findings of this paper, the theories of quantum mechanics and general relativity can be expressed in a comprehensive theory. The events were surveyed length of the time, in the Euclidean six-dimensional space-time (R6=x1+x2+x3+t1+t2+t3). Previous studies have not studied the relationship between the origin of matter's inherent properties, fundamental constants, and quantum mechanics phenomenon with space-time geometry. This theory prediction the with certainty obtained probabilistic results of quantum mechanics. This prediction is on the basis of metric resulting from the Eccentricity of the Ellipse due to the object density, in the length of time. The cause and nature of dark matter and dark energy are the findings of this article.

The article deals with the current state of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the urban area of building clusters. There are many requirements, such as those set by the EU (FIT 55, decarbonisation in 2050, full electromobility in 2035, or mandatory annual reductions in energy consumption and CO2 production) or societal requirements, such as stable energy supply and its optimisation while significantly reducing CO2 emissions. This inspired us to design an energy model of a building (EMB) with smart grid implementation in a decentralized sustainable energy system. Simulation model studies were carried out to show the possibility of their application in the process of fully satisfying energy needs in terms of reducing their environmental impact. A decentralized photovoltaic system (microgrid) connected to a distribution grid. The main objective is to propose an original methodology for the design of smart "Nearly Zero Energy Buildings" (NZEB) and a subsequent solution for energy sustainability. This has led us to use HOMER, PV*SOL, Monte Carlo and DesignBuilder software which were chosen from the range of options that were and are available. Subsequently, a synthesis of the selected software solutions was carried out and a new model - the "Energy Model of a Building" (EMB) - was proposed in the process of integration with the energy performance of buildings, as an original optimization basis for designing smart buildings and smart areas, and even cities. The proposed EMB has been verified and evaluated within the experiment.

Consciousness results from comprehending the living creature from its existence in time and space. Thought and consciousness are distinguishing factors between humans and machines having artificial intelligence. No algorithm has been offered for artificial self-awareness based on Thinking. Previous studies have not studied the relationship between consciousness, thinking and time. In this study, the relationship between consciousness, thinking, memories and speech over time has been studied. A deep logical connection exists between consciousness, thinking, and time. An algorithm can be designed for artificial consciousness based on this research findings.

Nowadays, there are several electric vehicle (EV) on the market, due to the innovation of technology that promotes the new components such as battery, transmission, electric motors. This paper proposes a design approach for the configuration synthesis and simulation of the in-wheel-hub motor transmissions with the six-link mechanisms. The synthesis process shows 6 mechanisms with six members and eight joints, 15 new clutchless motor transmissions and 16 new clutched motor transmissions. A novel motor transmission in the feasibility of the synthesized configurations is selected as an example to analyze the working principle with operation modes and power flow paths. And, this design is modeled for the simulation process that generates the results of operation mode transition and energy regulation.

Estimating the economic risks of climate shocks and climate stressors on spatially heterogeneous cities over time remain highly challenging. The purpose of this paper is to present a practical methodology to assess the economic risks of climate change in developing cities to inform spatially sensitive municipal climate response strategies. Building on a capital-based framework (CBF), spatially disaggregated baseline and future scenario scores for economic wealth and its exposure to climate change are developed for six different classes of capital and across 77 major suburbs in Cape Town, South Africa. Capital-at-risk was calculated by combining relative exposure and capital scores across different scenarios and with population impacted plotted against the major suburbs and the city’s 8 main planning districts. The economic risk assessment presented here provides a generic approach to assist investment planning and the implementation of adaptation options through an enhanced understanding of relative levels of capital endowment vis-à-vis relative levels of exposure to climate-related hazards over time. An informed climate response strategy in spatially heterogeneous cities need to include spatially sensitive estimates on capital-at-risk and populations disproportionally impacted by climate exposure over time. The economic risk assessment approach presented here helps in advancing to such a goal.

The objective is to describe infant feeding practices and the nutritional status of infants under six months among Syrian refugees in Greater Beirut, Lebanon. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Syrian refugee mothers with children under five years (July-October 2018), mothers with infants under six months were included in the analysis (n=114). Additionally, eleven focus groups discussions were conducted to explore supportive factors and barriers associated with early breastfeeding practices. The prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding was high (62.5%), whereas early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) was low (31%), and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) very low (24.6%). About one-fifth of the infants were suffering from anemia (20.5%) and 9.6% were wasted. Supporting factors of adequate infant feeding practices comprised knowledge on maternal nutrition and EBF, in addition to receiving support from healthcare professionals and family members. Identified barriers included preterm delivery, pre-lacteal feeding, an at-risk waist circumference and moderate to severe depression among mothers, bottle feeding, early introduction of food, maternal health reasons, breastmilk substitutes’ distribution, and misinformation offered by mothers-in-law. To address sub-optimal feeding practices documented among Syrian refugees in our study, existing infant and young child feeding policies and programs need to be strengthened and revised to tackle the identified gaps.

Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1-4 (STEAP1-4) compose a family of metalloproteinases involved in iron and copper homeostasis and other cellular processes. Thus far, five homologs are known: STEAP1, STEAP1B, STEAP2, STEAP3, and STEAP4. In prostate cancer, STEAP1, STEAP2, and STEAP4 are overexpressed while STEAP3 expression is downregulated. Although the metalloreductase activities of STEAP1-4 are well-documented, their other biological functions are not. Furthermore, the properties and expression levels of STEAP heterotrimers, homotrimers, heterodimers, and homodimers are not well-understood. Nevertheless, studies over the last few decades have provided sufficient impetus to investigate STEAP1-4 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer. In particular, STEAP1 is the target of many emerging immunotherapies. Herein, we give an overview of the structure, physiology, and pathophysiology of STEAP1-4 to provide context for past and current efforts to translate STEAP1-4 into the clinic.

A developed six-port reflectometry (SPR) system was integrated to measure the relative permittivity of tumor and normal breast tissue for medical diagnostic purpose. In order to obtain an accurate and precise measurement, the calibration process was done to the SPR using the well-known three-standard technique. Next, the studied dielectric probe was connected to the calibrated measurement-port of the SPR. The open end of the probe aperture was dibbed into the normal and tumor synthetic breast tissue samples to measure the synthetic breast tissues dielectric constant, ɛrʹ, and loss factor, ɛrʺ in the frequency range of 1.5 GHz to 3.3 GHz. Finally, the comparative studies were conducted between commercial VNA with Keysight 85070E dielectric probe and the studied SPR-probe system based on the measured magnitude of the reflection coefficient, phase shift, dielectric constant, and loss factor of the synthetic breast samples. The maximum absolute errors of the measured reflection coefficient magnitude, phase shift, dielectric constant, and loss factor were found to be 0.01, 1.07°, 1.12, and 0.75, respectively. It was ascertained that the predicted dielectric constant, ɛrʹ, is able to differentiate between normal, (ɛrʹ < 50) and tumor, (ɛrʹ > 50) breast tissues.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or specific PTSD symptoms may evoke disordered eating and unhealthy lifestyles, resulting in adverse cardiometabolic events (e.g., hypertension and obesity) in certain groups, which may implicate the treatment of this complex condition. The diagnostic criteria of PTSD have lately expanded beyond the three common symptoms (intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal). Simultaneously, four-, five-, and six-dimensional structures of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), a popular PTSD measure, seem to be more robust than the original three-dimension structure. Within the context of COVID-19, this instrumental study used a convenience sample of 58 dental healthcare workers (HCWs) from Russia (mean age = 44.1±12.2 years, 82.8% females) to examine the criterion and predictive validity of two IES-R structures: the IES-R3 and the IES-R6 (with the added symptoms of numbing, sleep disturbance, and irritability). The subscales of the two IES-R structures expressed good internal consistency, strong correlations with the PTSD Symptom Scale (PSS), hypertension diagnosis, and high body mass index (BMI). In receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, all IES-R models perfectly predicted the PSS (all area under the curve (AUC) >0.9, p values <0.001). The IES-R, both hyperarousal subscales, and the IES-R3 intrusion subscale significantly predicted high BMI. Both avoidance subscales and the IES-R3 intrusion subscale, not the IES-R, significantly predicted hypertension. In conclusion, both IES-R structures can reliably measure PTSD symptoms. The IES-R, hyperarousal, and intrusion may be credible criterion variables for predicting high BMI within PTSD while the intrusion and avoidance subscales may reflect the cardiovascular consequences associated with PTSD more reliably than the IES-R itself. The IES-R subscales may predict cardiometabolic adversities in PTSD, signifying a need for proper assessment of lifestyle and the application of dietary and exercise interventions in order to lower physical morbidity in PTSD. Replicating the study in larger samples, which comprise different physical and mental conditions from heterogenous cultural contexts is pivotal to validate the results (e.g., in specific groups such as those with confirmed traumatic exposure and comorbid mood dysfunction).