Ganoderic Acid (GA), a major bioactive compound isolated from an oriental medicinal mushroom, i.e. Ganoderma tsugae, has traditionally been found to have significant medicinal properties. As a result of GA's poor solubility in water, formulation poses several challenges. Additionally, the traditional method of administering it via alcohol always results in unfavorable patient side effects. In order to overcome these problems, Ganoderma Tsugae extracts obtained by ethanol extraction were encapsulated in nanodispersions by ultrasonic cavitation and solvent evaporation to maximise bioavailability. Resultant nanodispersions contained Ganoderic acid in a hydrophobic core with a mean particle size of no more than 200 nm and a very narrow particle distribution. An analysis of the interactions between the control variables and the process optimisation was conducted using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Based on the results of the experiment, it was found that the particle size of nanodispersions was influenced by the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) number and the evaporation temperature. Moreover, the physical stability of micellar systems is generally determined by the organic phase within them. Regarding formulation stability, the zeta average of the nanodispersions remained virtually unchanged in solutions with different pH levels and short-term storage (14 days) at room temperature. Overall, it has been demonstrated that Ganoderic acid nanodispersions can be efficiently generated by combining ultrasound cavitation and solvent evaporation.

Many wounds are unresponsive to current available treatment techniques and therefore there is an immense need to explore suitable materials including biomaterials, which are being considered as the crucial factor to accelerate the healing cascade. In this study, we fabricated polyhydroxyalkanoate based antibacterial mats via electrospun technique. One-pot green synthesized graphene decorated silver nanoparticles (GAg) were incorporated into the fibres of poly-3 hydroxybutarate-co-12 mol% hydroxyhexanoate (P3HB-co-12mol% HHx), a co-polymer of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) family which is highly biocompatible, biodegradable and flexible in nature. The synthesised PHA/GAg biomaterial was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), elemental mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In-vitro antibacterial analysis were performed to investigate the efficacy of PHA/GAg against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) strain 12600 ATCC and gram negative Escherichia coli (E.coli) strain 8739 ATCC. The results indicated that the PHA/GAg demonstrated significant reduction of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus strain 12600 ATCC) and Escherichia coli (E.coli strain 8739 ATCC) as compared to bare PHA or PHA-rGO in 2 hours of time. The P value (P< 0.05) was obtained by using 2 sample T-test distribution.