As a medical student (Granada University Medical School, Spain), interested in Pediatrics, expended countless hours at the hospital pediatric facilities and got to know many of the children and their medical problems. A particular case, still vivid on my mind, awaken my scientific curiosity. One day, walking and talking with a seven years old child he unexpectedly felt down unconscious with multiple, incontrollable and erratic muscular contractions involving face, body and extremities and salivating. I was overwhelmed thinking it was the child’ last hour. At the time, my knowledge of epilepsy was nil. Following the seizures, the child was up, talking and walking with me as if nothing has happened and without any knowledge of the event. What could have caused the brain motor cortex to suddenly discharge that amount of altered activity causing generalized and erratic muscular contractions remains inexplicable. I migrated to USA, become a Pediatric (Developmental) Pathologist and Director of the Pediatrics Autopsy Service (1962-1999) at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, New Hampshire. I carried out countless postmortem studied of children brains, normal (unaltered) as well as those altered by hemorrhagic, hypoxic-ischemic and/or traumatic damage. With an NIH Fellowship, I spend one year (1967-68) at the Cajal Institute (Madrid, Spain) studying Cajal’ old Golgi preparations and learning about the method. Some of my Golgi studies of children’ brains have been published: The Human Brain. Prenatal Development and Structure, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 2012. The present monograph explores the developmental neuropathology of selected perinatal cortical injuries through their acute, subacute and chronic stages. Including: a) how an altered neuronal activity evolves in a damaged cortical region; b) how it moves through the cortex (epileptic auras); and c) how it reaches the motor cortex to be discharged as erratic and incontrollable muscular contractions. Understanding these processes should provide insights into the pathogenesis of epilepsy secondary to perinatal brain damage.

Chivalry is a concept that is both familiar and distant to many Japanese. There is no other social class in the world that resembles knights as much as the samurai in Japan. However, why is it that there is such a gap between knights and warriors, even though they are both warriors with the same social status and honor? This paper reviews the legal debates on the deposed sovereigns’ rights have emerged since 20th century. Among them, the right to appoint knights by heads of deposed royal families is one of the focal points. The author begins with a comprehensive review of legal debates on the subject. Six principles on the appointment are extracted from the review. Then, a comparison between chivalry and Bushido, the Japanese Samurai code, was carried out.

Abstract: Cherubism is a rare genetic disorder characterized by painless bilateral expansion of the mandible and maxilla. We present an unusual case of a 50-year-old female patient with Ramon syndrome, a rare variant of cherubism, accompanied by gingival fibromatosis. The patient exhibited symptoms of short stature, mental retardation, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, hirsutism, and gingival enlargement. Clinical examination revealed generalized gingival inflammation with plaque and attachment loss. Radiographically, bilateral defined multilocular radiolucencies were observed in the mandibular body and ramus. The patient underwent a non-surgical phase, including oral hygiene motivation and periodontal debridement, followed by a surgical phase involving gingivoplasty and internal bevel gingivectomy with open flap debridement. Histopathological analysis confirmed the presence of fibroblasts, multinucleated giant cells, and fibrous connective tissue. The patient's son also presented with bilateral facial swelling and similar radiographic findings, indicating familial inheritance of cherubism. The case demonstrates the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of cherubism associated with gingival fibromatosis and highlights the challenges in diagnosis and management. Regular follow-up and maintenance are essential for long-term stability and prevention of recurrence. This report contributes to the limited literature on cherubism in older patients and emphasizes the importance of early identification and intervention in affected individuals.