Propolis is a bee product widely used as a dietary supplement and included in sweets or baby foods due to its well-known antioxidant and nutritional properties that are directly correlated with its phenolic composition. For this reason, this study analysed the total contents of flavones and flavonols, flavanones and dihydroflavonols, and the antioxidant capacity by using the methods of ABTS and linoleic acid/β-carotene in 99 samples of propolis from Spain and Chile. A rapid method was developed for quantifying these parameters in raw propolis using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with an optical fibre probe of remote reflectance applied directly to the ground up sample. The models developed allow the determination of the total of flavones and flavonols (0-183 mg rutin/ g propolis), of the total of flavanones and dihydroflavonols (9-109 mg pinocembrin/ g propolis extract), and the antioxidant capacity by the ABTS method (0-3212 nmolesTrolox/ mg of propolis) and of linoleic acid/β-carotene (22-86% inhibition). The NIR spectroscopy models were applied in external validation to different samples of the calibration group, which led to the conclusion that the methods developed provide significantly identical data to the initial chemical data of reference.

Propolis was widely used in health preservation and disease healing, it contains many ingredients. The previous study had been revealed that the propolis has a wide range of efficacy, such as antiviral, immune enhancement, anti-inflammatory and so on, but its antiviral components and underlying mechanism of action remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition, and anti-PPV and immunological enhancement of Propolis Flavonoid(PF). Chemical composition of PF was distinguished by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS analysis.The presence and characterized of 26 major components was distinguished in negative ionization modes.To evaluate the effects of PF used as adjuvant on the immune response porcine parvovirus (PPV). Thirty Landrace-Yorkshire hybrid sows were randomly assigned to 3 groups, and the sows in adjuvant groups were intramuscular injected PPV vaccine with 2.0 mL PF adjuvant (PA), oilemulsion adjuvant (OA), respectively. After that, serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers, IgM and IgG subclasses, eripheral lymphocyte proliferation activity, and concentrations of cytokines were measured. Results indicated an enhancing effect of PA on IgM, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and the IgG subclass responses. These findings suggested that PA could significantly enhance the immune responses. Furthermore, we screened the chemical components the effective of anti-PPV, Ferulic acid have an excellently anti-PPV effective.

Antibiotic resistance was described soon discovery of penicillin by Fleming. In recent years, there has been increasing research interest in the development of alternatives to address this problem. Natural products, mainly, have long been considered as sources of drugs, and a great part of pharmaceuticals available in modern medicine are directly or indirectly derived from natural sources. propolis been used to treat human diseases since ancient times, propolis, is a natural resinous mixture produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from collected parts of plants, he is increasingly recognized by their wide range of biological and pharmacological properties, As anti- infective agent, combination synergy with standard antibiotics could be very promising alternative strategy

The aim of our work was to check if one of the products of natural origin, namely honey bee propolis may be an alternative or supplement to currently used antifungal agents. The activity of 50 ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEPs), harvested in Polish apiaries, was tested on a group of 69 clinical isolates of C. albicans. Most of the EEPs showed satisfactory activity, with minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) mainly in the range of 0.08-1.25% (v/v). Eradication of biofilm from polystyrene microtitration plates in 50% (MBEC50) required concentrations in the range of 0.04% (v/v) to more than 1.25% (v/v). High activity was also observed in eradication of biofilm formed by C. glabrata and C. krusei on the surfaces of PVC and silicone catheters. EEPs at subinhibitory concentrations inhibited yeast-to-mycelia morphological transformation of C. albicans in liquid medium and mycelial growth on solid medium. A synergistic effect was observed for the action of EEPs in combination with fluconazole (FLU) and voriconazole (VOR) against C. albicans. In the presence of EEP at concentration as low as 0.02%, the MICs of FLU and VOR were 256 to 32 times lower in comparison to those of the drug alone. Evidences for the fungal cell membrane as the most probable target of EEPs are presented.

The structure of wound dressing materials presents one of the most relevant characteristics for effective skin tissue repair. Electrospinning is a common technique used to produce polymeric fibres that can mimic fibrillar disposition of skin extracellular matrix, favouring cell migration, and thus regeneration of the damaged tissue. Moreover, beads, also known as by-products of electrospinning, have potential as reservoirs for sustained drug release. Processing parameters, such as molecular weight and viscosity of the polymer solution, can affect the desirable morphologies of electrospun films. Thereby, this work had the purpose of producing and characterized electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) mats loaded with propolis, a popular extract in traditional medicine with potential for skin repair aid. Films with different morphologies were obtained depending on the storage period of the solution prior to the lectrospinning, probably due to the PCL hydrolysis. FTIR analyses of the extract confirmed propolis composition. GPC and viscosity analyses demonstrated that the decrease in molar mass over the storage period was responsible for nanostructure diversity. Propolis acts as a lubricant agent, affecting the spun solutions' viscosity and the thermal properties and hydrophilicity of the films. All films are within the value range of the water vapour transpiration rate of the commercial products. The presence of beads did not affect the propolis release pattern. However, "in vitro" wound healing assay showed that propolis-loaded films composed by beaded fibres increased the cell migration process. Thus, it can be inferred that these films presented the potential for wound dressing application.

Different products from a unique Propolis extract, Propolis (bee glue), an of resinous consistency produced by bees, has been used as indigenous medicine for the treatment of several diseases in some contrary. Safety assessment of propoils extracts with respect to antimicrobial activity against three bacterial isolates, Proteus Mirabilis , Klebsiella Pneumonia and Staphylococcus Qureus.The result showed that the main composition of the extract was Anthraquinone, the last one was responsible for the biological activity of the extract. FT-IR, UV results showed more than eight peaks for represent the main fine composition of the extract. The present study also showed that the extract has antibacterial activity against three bacterial isolates

Previous research has shown that propolis has immunomodulatory activity. Extracts from two UK propolis samples were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activities by investigating their ability to alter the production of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-10 from mouse bone marrow derived macrophages co-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The propolis extracts suppressed secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 with less effect on TNFα. In addition, propolis reduced the levels of nitric oxide formed by LPS-stimulated macrophages. Metabolomic profiling was carried out by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) on a ZIC-pHILIC column. LPS increased the levels of intermediates involved in nitric oxide biosynthesis; propolis lowered many of these. Also, LPS produced an increase in itaconate and citrate and propolis treatment increased itaconate still further while greatly reducing citrate levels. Moreover, LPS treatment increased levels of GSH and intermediates in its biosynthesis while propolis treatment boosted these still further. In addition, propolis treatment greatly increased levels of UDP-sugar conjugates. Overall, the results showed that propolis extracts exert an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and by metabolic reprogramming of LPS activity in macrophages.

1) Background: Studies indicate that caffeic acid (CA), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) are compounds with potent chemopreventive effects. Breast cancer is a common cancer among women worldwide. The study shows comparison of caffeic acid and its ester activity in the cells of breast cancer line MDA-MB-231; 2) Methods: The cells of MDA-MB-231 were treated by CA and CAPE with doses from 10 to 100 µM in time 24 h and 48 h. Cytotoxicity MTT test, apoptosis by Annexin V and cell cycle with Dead Cell Assay were performed; 3) Results: The cytotoxic activity was greater for CAPE comparing to CA, in both incubation time (same dosage). IC50 values for CAPE were 27.84 (24h) and 15.83 (48h) and >10000 (24h) and >1000 (48h) for CA. Polyphenols induced apoptosis, higher apoptotic effect observed for CAPE (dose dependent). CAPE induced cell cycle arrest in S phase (time and dose dependent). Dose dependent decline G0/G1 phase (48h) and elimination of phase G2/M (100 µM of CAPE). For CA, only after 48 hours, small effect of cell cycle at phase S (however dose dependent), and slight decline of phase G0/G1 and G2/M only for highest doses (50 and 100 µM); 4) Conclusions: Comparing CA and CAPE activity, on the MDA-MB-231, we clearly see better activity of CAPE, with the same dosage and experiment time.