Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic connective tissue disorder that results from mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene located on chromosome band 15q 15–21. Fibrillin, a glycoprotein, is widely expressed throughout the body and contribute to elasticity and force-bearing capacity of connective tissue. In the eye, fibrillin is a key constituent of the ciliary zonules, which suspend the crystalline lens in place. The zonular defect leads to ectopia lentis that is hallmark of Marfan ocular abnormalities and occurs in 60 to 80% of cases. Other less common ocular features of Marfan syndrome are increased axial length, astigmatism, and flat cornea. Visual function in Marfan syndrome could be affected in several ways: ectopia lentis, refractive error, amblyopia, retinal detachment, cataract, and glaucoma. Management of subluxated lens starts with correction of refractive error with eyeglasses in mild cases. In more severe cases, especially when lens bisects the pupil, complete correction of refractive error is impossible without removing subluxated lens. The best method for visual rehabilitation after lens extraction is still debated. Aphakic Artisan implantation at the time of subluxated lens removal results in good visual outcomes with acceptable safety profile. Studies with longer term follow up and larger sample populations are needed to evaluate the safety of this procedure in patients with Marfan syndrome.

Background. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an advanced technology for the latest 20 years. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are the major innovations for AI, which has been applied for multiple fields. Ophthalmology has become to be one of the most significant disciplines for human healthcare. Methodology. This study utilizes methods of text mining and bibliometric analysis to explore applications of AI to ophthalmology. 179 related articles from Web of Science (WOS) and 96 papers from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) are explored during the period of 2000 to 2021. A descriptive analysis of major trends, journal releasing, topic mapping and quotation relationships is implemented in this paper. Leading authors, journals, institutions, nations and references in the related research are identified. Results. Findings show that the application of AI technologies in ophthalmologic diagnosis with optical coherence tomography (OCT) fundus images is the core topic for this area’s studies, especially for diabetic retinopathy (DR), aged macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma. It is also be predicted as the core direction over the recent years. Besides, The USA, England and China is the most competitive countries in this scientific filed. Journals of Ophthalmology, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Acta Ophthalmologica and Scientific Reports are the top five journal related to the research area. There is a significant difference between WOS and CNKI databases pertaining to the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to ophthalmology, especially for the historic development, topic mapping and discipline category. Finally, the potential academic value of interdisciplinary subject of “AI in Ophthalmology” and tradition Chinese medicine (TRM) is discussed. Limitations and suggestions for the future research is indicated at the end of this paper.

A clinical case of atypical endophthalmitis in an 82-year-old patient who underwent complicated cataract phacoemulsification. Clinical manifestations showed signs of a bacterial process, however, the treatment was not effective. Antifungal therapy had yielded positive results, despite the low probability of a fungal etiology of the process.

Optic neuritis (ON) is the most common cause of vision loss in young adults. It manifests as acute or subacute vision loss, often accompanied by retrobulbar discomfort or pain on eye movements. Typical ON is associated with Multiple Sclerosis and is generally mild and steroid-responsive, whereas atypical forms are characterized by unusual features, such as optic disc edema, poor treatment response and bilateral involvement, and are often associated with autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG). However, in rare cases AQP4 and MOG antibodies will come back negative, plunging the clinician in a diagnostic conundrum. Seronegative ON warrants a broad differential diagnosis, including autoantibody-associated, granulomatous, and systemic disorders. These rare forms need to be identified promptly, as their management and prognosis is greatly different. The scope of this review is to describe possible, rarer etiologies of ON when AQP4 and MOG antibodies are negative and discuss their diagnosis and treatment.