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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0529.v1

Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Diseased Broiler Chickens in Lusaka District, Zambia

Chikwanda Chileshe, Misheck Shawa, Nelson Phiri, Joseph Ndebe, Sipho Khumalo, Chie Nakajima, Kajihara Masahiro, Hideaki Higasi, Hirofumi Sawa, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Walter Muleya, Bernard Hang'ombe

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Enterobacteriaceae, bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM

Online: 7 December 2023 (13:52:04 CET)

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: Poultry products in Zambia form an integral part of the human diet in many households, as they are cheap and easy to produce. The burden of poultry diseases has, however, remained a major challenge. Growing consumer demand for poultry products in Zambia has resulted in non-prudent antimicrobial use on farms, intending to prevent and treat poultry diseases for growth optimization and maximising profits. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the different types of bacteria causing diseases in chickens in Lusaka and to detect the extended-spectrum-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes. We collected 215 samples from 91 diseased chickens at three post-mortem facilities and screened them for gram-negative bacteria. Of these samples, 103 tested positive for various clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae, including Enterobacter (43/103, 41.7%), Escherichia coli (20/103, 19.4%), Salmonella (10/103, 9.7%), and Shigella (8/103, 7.8%). Other isolated bacteria included Yersinia, Morganella, Proteus, and Klebsiella, which accounted for 21.4%. E. coli, Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The results revealed that E. coli, Enterobacter, and shigella were highly resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while Salmonella showed complete susceptibility to all antibiotics. The observed resistance patterns correlated with antimicrobial usage estimated from sales data from a large-scale wholesale and retail company. Six (6/14, 42.9%) E. coli isolates tested positive for bla_CTX-M, whilst eight (8/14, 57.1%) Enterobacter samples tested positive for bla_TEM. Interestingly, four (4/6, 66.7%) of the E. coli isolates carrying bla_CTX-M-positive strains were also positive for bla_TEM. Sanger sequencing of the PCR products revealed that five (5/6,83.3%) of the abovementioned isolates possessed the bla_CTX-M-15 allele. The results suggest the presence of potentially pathogenic ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in poultry, threatening public health. Keywords:. Enterobacteriaceae, bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1137.v1

Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Rotavirus A from Domestic Pigs in Zambia: Evidence for Porcine-Human Interspecies Transmission

Joseph Ndebe, Hayato Harima, Herman CHAMBARO, Michihito Sasaki, Junya Yamagishi, Annie Kalonda, Misheck Shawa, Yongjin Qiu, Masahiro Kajihara, Ayato Takada, Hirofumi Sawa, Ngonda Saasa, Edgar Simulundu

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Rotavirus A; Reassortment; Interspecies transmission; Genomic characterization; Porcine; Zambia

Online: 16 August 2023 (04:19:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1703.v1

Surveillance, Isolation, and Genetic Characterization of Bat Herpesviruses in Zambia

Hayato Harima, Yongjin Qiu, Junya Yamagishi, Masahiro Kajihara, Katendi Changula, Kosuke Okuya, Mao Isono, Tomoyuki Yamaguchi, Hirohito Ogawa, Naganori Nao, Michihito Sasaki, Edgar Simulundu, Aaron S Mweene, Hirofumi Sawa, Kanako Ishihara, Bernard M Hang’ombe, Ayato Takada

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: herpesvirus; bat; surveillance; complete genome; Zambia

Online: 24 May 2023 (05:30:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1093.v1

Detection of Human Adenovirus and Rotavirus in Untreated Wastewater in Lusaka, Zambia: Opportunity for Establishment of Wastewater Surveillance System for the Community

Ngonda Saasa, Ethel M’kandawire, Joseph Ndebe, Mulenga Mwenda, Fred Chimpukutu, Andrew Nalishuwa Mukubesa, Fred Njobvu, Doreen Mainza Shempela, Jay Sikalima, Carol Chiyesu, Bruce Muvwanga, Sarah M. Nampokolwe, Clement Sulwe, Thokozile Khondiwa, Todd Jennings, Ameck Kamanga, Edgar Simulundu, Conceptor Mulube, Wizaso Mwasinga, Jelaimo Mumeka, John Simwanza, Patrick Sakubita, Otridah Kapona, Chilufya Susan Aneta Mulenga, Musole Chipoya, Kunda Musonda, Nathan Kapata, Nyambe Sinyange, Muzala Kapina, Joyce Siwila, Misheck Shawa, Masahiro Kajihara, Ayato Takada, Hirofumi Sawa, Simulyamana A. Choonga, Roma Chilengi, Earnest Muyunda, King S. Nalubamba, Bernard M. Hang’ombe

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: Wastewater; Adenovirus; Rotavirus; Enteric virus; concentration methods

Online: 19 March 2024 (05:18:35 CET)

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