Fringe projection profilometry(FPP) has been extensively applied in various fields for its superior fast speed, high accuracy and high data density. However, measuring some objects with high reflective surfaces or high dynamic range surfaces remains challenging for FPP. Some multiple exposure image fusion methods have been proposed and successfully improved the measurement performance for these kinds of objects. Normally, these methods have a relatively fixed sequence of exposure settings determined by artificial experience or trial and error experiments, which may decrease the efficiency of the entire measurement process and may have less robustness to various environmental lighting conditions and object reflective properties. In this paper, a novel self-adaptive multiple exposure image fusion method is proposed with two main aspects of improvement on adaptively optimizing the initial exposure and the exposure sequence. By introducing the theory of information entropy, combined with the analysis of the characterization of fringe image entropy, an adaptive initial exposure searching method is first proposed. Then, an exposure sequence generation method based on dichotomy is further described. On the base of these two improvements, a novel self-adaptive multiple exposure image fusion method for FPP as well as its detailed procedures are given. Experimental results validate the performance of the proposed self-adaptivity multiple exposure image fusion method by measuring the objects with different surface reflectivity and in different ambient lighting conditions.

A well known result for the interference of two single-mode fields is that the degree of coherence and the degree of indistinguishablity are same when we consider the detection of a single photon. In this article we present the relation between degree of coherence, path indistinguishability and the fringe visibility considering interference of multiple number of single-mode fields while being interested in the detection of a single photon only . We will also mention how Born’s rule of interference for multiple sources is reflected in these results.

The study investigates the influence of road intersections on pedestrian accessibility in urban-rural fringe areas. An evaluation method to support planners and decision makers in the classification of crossing areas according to their effect on walking and in the prioritization of improvement interventions is proposed. In these peripheral parts of towns, pedestrians are almost ignored and people depend on car use for any necessity. Initiatives to improve livability can include the design of walkable friendly environments aiming at offering potential users good levels of security, comfort and convenience when walking to destinations. These spatial requirements have to be provided along road segments and even more on crossing areas which represent sensitive points of the entire connection system with a hindering influence on people’s propensity to walk. Starting with spatial basic interventions aiming at enhancing the continuity, safety and quality of pedestrian paths it is possible to reduce the physical and perceptual distance which separates fringe contexts from the rest of the city leading to a progressive integration of urban functions.

Grating (moiré) interferometry is one of the well-known methods for full-field in-plane displacement and strain measurement. There are many design solutions for grating interferometers, including systems with a microinterferometric waveguide head. This article proposes a modification to the conventional waveguide interferometer head, enabling the implementation of a polarization fringe phase shift for automatic fringe pattern analysis. The article presents both the theoretical consideration of the proposed solution and its experimental verification, along with the concept of the in-plane displacement/strain sensor using the described head.

The integration of nature-based solutions into land use optimization has emerged as a focal point of current research, primarily due to its efficacy in mitigating flooding impacts and fostering sus-tainable development in both urban and rural areas. Utilizing Shanghai Pujiang Country Park as a case study, this paper conducts a simulation analysis to assess the flood mitigation effectiveness of three distinct land use patterns (Natural scenario, Scenario N; Complete urbanization scenario, Scenario U; Country Park Planning scenario, Scenario P) under five stormwater scenarios with re-turn periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 years. The findings reveal that Scenario P exhibits superior flood mitigation performance, particularly under stormwater scenarios with a return period of less than 50 years. Building upon these results, the paper proposes recommendations for optimizing land use with a focus on mitigating the impact of flooding. This study is crucial for comprehending the mechanisms involved in urban stormwater logging mitigation through land use methods and holds significance for decision-making in land use and planning at the micro level.

Atomic state preparation can benefit from a compact and uniform magnetic field source. Simulations and experimental measurements have been used to design, build, and test such a source as shown by optical pumping of atomic Helium. This source is a 9.5 mm (3/8") OD x 6.7 mm (1/4") ID x 9.5 mm (3/8") long, NdFeB-N42 assembly of 1.6 mm (1/16") thick customized annular magnets. It has octopole decay with a residual dipole far field from imperfect dipole cancelations. It has greater than 50% clear aperture with uniform and collimated magnetic field consistent with the prediction of several models. Octopole roll-off localizes the field minimizing the need for shielding in applications. The device is applied to a high precision 3,4He laser spectroscopy experiment using σ+ or σ- optical pumping currently resulting in a measured 99.3% preparation efficiency and in accordance with a rate-equation model.

Mangrove creeks adjoining typical riverine mangrove forests is known to be a net source of CO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to the ocean due to the decomposition of rich organic carbon in the soil; such information is limited in fringe mangroves. This study aims to clarify the difference in carbonate processes between the two types of mangrove forests. We conducted continuous monitoring of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and measured carbonate chemistry parameters (total alkalinity (TA) and DIC) in two types of mangrove areas located in Okinawa, Japan. The result showed that the maximum pCO2 reached 5242 µatm in the Fukido River estuary (a riverine mangrove), whereas it was only 765 µatm on the Yubu coast (a fringe mangrove). The measured maximum TA and DIC values were 3285 µM and 3283 µM in the Fukido River estuary and 3162 µM and 2977 µM on the Yubu coast. These indicate that pCO2 on the Yubu coast was maintained at low values by the carbonate buffering capacity even when TA and DIC increased rapidly. The mangroves on the Yubu coast grow on dead corals and coral soils. It was suggested that the DIC/TA ratio was constantly kept at approximately 0.9 due to TA production by the dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which resulted in lower pCO2.

This research experiments with a sustainability assessment based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Agenda 2030 through a process of their territorialisation and implementation. This process enables the development of a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) that can be integrated with strategic environmental assessments in urban planning. The assessment takes place on the transversality of the sustainability concept by trying to consider together the three dimensions (environmental, social and economic) into a single assessment through the Spatial Sustainability Assessment Model (SSAM) by integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria analyses. Economic development, social equity, and ecological integrity represent three common visions for rethinking peri-urban edges.